English Grammar - Past Simple & Present Perfect

488,304 views ใƒป 2009-07-03

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
I've read this article before. I swear I've read this article before.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏไปฅๅ‰่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใซใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Hi, James, david.com. I'm just looking at this article and I'm trying to think, "Have
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€david.comใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ€Œ
00:18
I read this before?" And then I thought, "Yes, I read it yesterday." What's the difference?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:24
Let's take a look. Let's go to the board. So, I said, "I read the article." And then
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
00:36
I said, "I've," that is, "I have read the article." Now, if you look there, I've written
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็งใฏใ€ŒI'veใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
00:51
two things on the board. Number one, I read the article. Number two, I've read the article.
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ใจใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็ง ใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:56
But you're probably saying to yourself, "So what?" Well, one, well, actually, when we
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ่จ€ใ„่žใ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
01:03
look at it, the past and the present perfect, which is what I've read on the board, can
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใŒใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใง่ชญใ‚“ใ ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€
01:08
have different meanings. Sometimes they mean the exact same. In this case, there's not
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
01:12
really much of a difference. I've read the article. I've read the article. But sometimes
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
01:18
we can use them to demonstrate two things that I want to point out to you today. So
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
01:21
let's go to the board and take a look. Let's start with, "I read the article." Now, I kind
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ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏไธ€็จฎ
01:27
of made a mistake. Because I should have done when I put this, "I read the article yesterday."
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ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€‚
01:39
Okay? "I read the article yesterday" gives you a specific time. And that's one of the
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ
01:51
uses of the simple past. When we talk or use the simple past, we actually have two uses
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ใŒๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใฎ็”จ้€”ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็”จ้€”
01:56
for it. Number one is to tell you something at a specific time. Or number two, to tell
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€
02:01
you that you've completed something. Okay? Now, when we use the present perfect, it also
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใซ
02:07
has a couple of jobs. So let's make a change or two to the board. Okay? So I'm going to
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ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
02:12
take "I" and I'm going to make it "I've." Okay? "I've" or "I have." That's the contraction.
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ใ€ŒIใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ŒI'veใ€ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:22
Now, here's the problem. I can't say, "I've read the article yesterday." That doesn't
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:28
make any sense. Not in the present perfect sense. So, first of all, we have to get rid
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใšใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:33
of this. And we have to get rid of this. By saying, "I've read the article," we're using
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใง
02:41
the present perfect tense. Now, let's go back. What is the present perfect? Well, the present
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจใฏ๏ผŸ ็พๅœจ
02:47
perfect is something in the past has an effect on something now. Right? Something here in
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็พๅœจใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:56
the past has an effect on something here in the present. Okay? So, what does this mean
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้ŽๅŽปใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€็พๅœจใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
03:05
for us? Well, I've read the article. Well, I'm saying somewhere here, I read it, but
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็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
03:11
I'm telling you about it now. I'm not giving you a specific time. And a lot of times when
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ไปŠใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:18
we do this, we're saying something happened in the past, but it has an effect now. We're
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็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใ€้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ็งใŸใกใฏ
03:22
not giving a specific time. We're just letting you know it's occurred. Okay? So, the difference
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:27
between the two is, if I say, "I read in the past," simple past. I was going to write pimple
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ไธก่€…ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎใƒ‹ใ‚ญใƒ“ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ“ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
03:38
past. Sorry. Simple past. I have to be specific. So, we can use the S and the S to remind me
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ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€S ใจ S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
03:51
if I want to talk about the simple past, I should be specific. I read the book yesterday.
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:57
I saw the man two hours ago. I ate dinner at five o'clock. Okay? Now, when we use the
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็งใฏ2ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซใใฎ็”ทใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏ5ๆ™‚ใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ
04:07
present perfect, we just want to say something happened in the past, but we don't have to
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:11
give a specific time. It's going to lead to two simple rules I'm going to put up. Good.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใŒๆ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:16
So, we've got that up on the board. I'm sure you got that right. But let's make it simple.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:19
This is way too complicated. This is not math. Alright? So, here we go. Let's not make it
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
04:25
like math. Because today's lesson was basically, what was it? Well, why do we use either the
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ไฝ•ใ ใฃใŸใฎใง๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:37
present perfect or versus, if you're a soccer fan like me, simple past. Now, I gave you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใชใ‚‰ใ€ใชใœ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใพใŸใฏๅฏพใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ
04:52
all that big verbiage or a lot of words explaining why. I'm going to make it simple, real simple.
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ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅคงใใช่จ€ใ„ๅ›žใ—ใพใŸใฏๅคšใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸ . ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
You won't forget. Promise. Present perfect, we can say for how long. That's it. How long.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ด„ๆŸใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‹่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้–“ใ€‚
05:08
Or, how many times. Simple past, specifically, when. See, I use that word specific, specific.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ไฝ•ๅ›žใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ ใ„ใคใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
Remember? S, simple, specific. Sorry, just a joke, small joke. Okay, but specific time,
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่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ Sใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€
05:31
when, because when you need a time. Two o'clock, three o'clock, one, yesterday, six months
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ใ„ใคใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ๆ™‚ใ€ 3 ๆ™‚ใ€1ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ 6 ใ‹ๆœˆๅพŒ
05:36
from now. Okay? So, we use that for the simple past. But if we want to talk about how long
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“
05:41
we've done something, or how many times, and we're not being specific, then use the present
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ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ€ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
05:46
perfect. Cool? Thought you'd like that. Anyway, now you know why you use them. Now you'll
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ ใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
05:52
know when to use them, and you'll also know something else, because I want you to come
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟใ†ในใใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใชใœใชใ‚‰็งใฏ
05:59
back to this very special place, so we're going to have this very special time, but
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใฎใจใฆใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:05
maybe not here, but you'll come to, try this, w, w, w dot, ing as in English, vid as in
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ๆฅใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚wใ€wใ€w dotใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ingใ€
06:15
video, and dot com. Okay? And, I'll see you there. Okay? Don't forget. Simple past is
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ vidใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ dot com ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใจใฏ
06:25
what? What do we use it for? Yeah? Present perfect what? There. Now you know more than
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๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใซไฝฟใ†ใฎ๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซใฏใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
06:30
all the English people in the world. I'm joking. Anyway, see you at ingvic.com. Ciao.
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ใฏไธ–็•Œใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ingvic.com ใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใ‚ชใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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