English Grammar - Past Simple & Present Perfect

488,304 views ใƒป 2009-07-03

ENGLISH with James


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
I've read this article before. I swear I've read this article before.
0
0
12000
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์— ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งน์„ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Hi, James, david.com. I'm just looking at this article and I'm trying to think, "Have
1
12000
6000
์•ˆ๋…•, ์ œ์ž„์Šค, david.com. ์ด ๊ธ€๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  "
00:18
I read this before?" And then I thought, "Yes, I read it yesterday." What's the difference?
2
18000
6000
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ „์— ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‚˜?" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ "๋„ค, ์–ด์ œ ์ฝ์—ˆ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ญ์•ผ? ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
00:24
Let's take a look. Let's go to the board. So, I said, "I read the article." And then
3
24000
12000
๋ณด์ž. ๋ณด๋“œ์— ๊ฐ€์ž. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
00:36
I said, "I've," that is, "I have read the article." Now, if you look there, I've written
4
36000
15000
"I've", ์ฆ‰ " ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€
00:51
two things on the board. Number one, I read the article. Number two, I've read the article.
5
51000
5000
์น ํŒ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
But you're probably saying to yourself, "So what?" Well, one, well, actually, when we
6
56000
7000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ "๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:03
look at it, the past and the present perfect, which is what I've read on the board, can
7
63000
5000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์น ํŒ์—์„œ ์ฝ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
01:08
have different meanings. Sometimes they mean the exact same. In this case, there's not
8
68000
4000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:12
really much of a difference. I've read the article. I've read the article. But sometimes
9
72000
6000
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
01:18
we can use them to demonstrate two things that I want to point out to you today. So
10
78000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
01:21
let's go to the board and take a look. Let's start with, "I read the article." Now, I kind
11
81000
6000
๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€
01:27
of made a mistake. Because I should have done when I put this, "I read the article yesterday."
12
87000
12000
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ "์–ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
01:39
Okay? "I read the article yesterday" gives you a specific time. And that's one of the
13
99000
12000
์ข‹์•„์š”? "์–ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์–ด"๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
01:51
uses of the simple past. When we talk or use the simple past, we actually have two uses
14
111000
5000
๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:56
for it. Number one is to tell you something at a specific time. Or number two, to tell
15
116000
5000
. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ,
02:01
you that you've completed something. Okay? Now, when we use the present perfect, it also
16
121000
6000
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„
02:07
has a couple of jobs. So let's make a change or two to the board. Okay? So I'm going to
17
127000
5000
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
02:12
take "I" and I'm going to make it "I've." Okay? "I've" or "I have." That's the contraction.
18
132000
10000
"I"๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  "I've"๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”" ๋˜๋Š” "์žˆ์–ด์š”." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Now, here's the problem. I can't say, "I've read the article yesterday." That doesn't
19
142000
6000
์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์–ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
make any sense. Not in the present perfect sense. So, first of all, we have to get rid
20
148000
5000
๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
of this. And we have to get rid of this. By saying, "I've read the article," we're using
21
153000
8000
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I've read the article"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:41
the present perfect tense. Now, let's go back. What is the present perfect? Well, the present
22
161000
6000
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ˜„์žฌ
02:47
perfect is something in the past has an effect on something now. Right? Something here in
23
167000
9000
์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ
02:56
the past has an effect on something here in the present. Okay? So, what does this mean
24
176000
9000
์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
03:05
for us? Well, I've read the article. Well, I'm saying somewhere here, I read it, but
25
185000
6000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:11
I'm telling you about it now. I'm not giving you a specific time. And a lot of times when
26
191000
7000
์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:18
we do this, we're saying something happened in the past, but it has an effect now. We're
27
198000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
not giving a specific time. We're just letting you know it's occurred. Okay? So, the difference
28
202000
5000
ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:27
between the two is, if I say, "I read in the past," simple past. I was going to write pimple
29
207000
11000
๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆ„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:38
past. Sorry. Simple past. I have to be specific. So, we can use the S and the S to remind me
30
218000
13000
. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ S์™€ S๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:51
if I want to talk about the simple past, I should be specific. I read the book yesterday.
31
231000
6000
๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
I saw the man two hours ago. I ate dinner at five o'clock. Okay? Now, when we use the
32
237000
10000
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” 5์‹œ์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ
04:07
present perfect, we just want to say something happened in the past, but we don't have to
33
247000
4000
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
04:11
give a specific time. It's going to lead to two simple rules I'm going to put up. Good.
34
251000
5000
ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€.
04:16
So, we've got that up on the board. I'm sure you got that right. But let's make it simple.
35
256000
3000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์น ํŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:19
This is way too complicated. This is not math. Alright? So, here we go. Let's not make it
36
259000
6000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
like math. Because today's lesson was basically, what was it? Well, why do we use either the
37
265000
12000
์ˆ˜ํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:37
present perfect or versus, if you're a soccer fan like me, simple past. Now, I gave you
38
277000
15000
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ํŒฌ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ
04:52
all that big verbiage or a lot of words explaining why. I'm going to make it simple, real simple.
39
292000
5000
์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ฐฝํ•œ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ง์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
You won't forget. Promise. Present perfect, we can say for how long. That's it. How long.
40
297000
11000
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜.
05:08
Or, how many times. Simple past, specifically, when. See, I use that word specific, specific.
41
308000
17000
๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ. ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ํŠน์ •, ํŠน์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Remember? S, simple, specific. Sorry, just a joke, small joke. Okay, but specific time,
42
325000
6000
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค? S, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์€ ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„,
05:31
when, because when you need a time. Two o'clock, three o'clock, one, yesterday, six months
43
331000
5000
์–ธ์ œ, ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ์•ผ. 2์‹œ, 3์‹œ, 1์‹œ, ์–ด์ œ, 6๊ฐœ์›”
05:36
from now. Okay? So, we use that for the simple past. But if we want to talk about how long
44
336000
5000
ํ›„. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜
05:41
we've done something, or how many times, and we're not being specific, then use the present
45
341000
5000
ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ
05:46
perfect. Cool? Thought you'd like that. Anyway, now you know why you use them. Now you'll
46
346000
6000
์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์›ํ•œ? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ. ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
05:52
know when to use them, and you'll also know something else, because I want you to come
47
352000
7000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด
05:59
back to this very special place, so we're going to have this very special time, but
48
359000
6000
๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
maybe not here, but you'll come to, try this, w, w, w dot, ing as in English, vid as in
49
365000
10000
์˜์–ด๋กœ w, w, w dot, ing,
06:15
video, and dot com. Okay? And, I'll see you there. Okay? Don't forget. Simple past is
50
375000
10000
video๋กœ vid, dot com์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š”
06:25
what? What do we use it for? Yeah? Present perfect what? There. Now you know more than
51
385000
5000
๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‘? ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฌด์—‡? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:30
all the English people in the world. I'm joking. Anyway, see you at ingvic.com. Ciao.
52
390000
15000
. ๋†๋‹ด์ด์•ผ. ์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ingvic.com์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”. ์ฐจ์˜ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7