Learn the English Terms "an unwritten rule" and "a hard-and-fast rule"

4,275 views ใƒป 2023-02-22

Bob's Short English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this English lesson I wanted to help you learn the English phrase an unwritten rule.
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ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ ไธๆ–‡ๅพ‹ใจใ„ใ†่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:04
Now, this is exactly what it sounds like.
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:07
It's a rule, but it's not written down anywhere.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:11
There are a lot of unwritten rules when you are speaking English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ไธๆ–‡ๅพ‹ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
because sometimes when you're in an English speaking country,
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่‹ฑ่ชž ๅœใฎๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
00:19
not just the language is different, but the culture is a little bit different.
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่จ€่ชžใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:23
And not everyone writes down those rules.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:25
A great example would be the questions that were in my lesson from yesterday
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่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ€
00:29
on my bigger channel.
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็งใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใชใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใฎๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ‚ใฃใŸ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™.
00:31
There are certain questions
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00:32
that you just don't ask when you're having a conversation in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€่žใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
But there's nowhere to go to find that rule, it's not written down any where.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:41
It's just an unwritten rule.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆš—้ป™ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:43
It's a rule that we have all agreed to, but no one's
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็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใŒใ€
00:46
actually written them down in a rule book.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใŸไบบใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:49
It's not actually the law.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:50
It's just an unwritten rule.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆš—้ป™ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:52
The other phrase I want to teach you today is a hard-and-fast rule.
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ๆ•™ใˆใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:56
Now, a hard-and-fast rule is a rule.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
It is written down.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
And if you break the rule, there are consequences.
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใจใ€ ็ตๆžœใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Consequences are what happens after you break a rule.
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็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใฃใŸๅพŒใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:07
Let's say at your job there is a hard and fast rule that you do not...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎˆใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅŽณๆ ผใช่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
01:13
Let me see...
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01:14
Trying to think of... That you do not.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:16
I'm drawing a blank here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฉบ็™ฝใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Let me come up with a different example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:20
Let's say at the movie theater, there's a hard-and-fast rule
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ๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฌใƒ ใ‚’ๅ™›ใ‚“ใงใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ† ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:23
that you can't chew gum in the movie theater.
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ใ€‚
01:27
That means because it's a hard-and-fast rule, if you're caught,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
01:30
they'll kick you out of the movie theater.
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ๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใ‹ใ‚‰่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Like, there are immediate consequences if you break that rule.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ใใซ็ตๆžœใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
So to review an unwritten rule is a rule that everyone kind of knows about,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™
01:41
but it's not written down anywhere, someone has to tell you about it.
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ใŒใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
And a hard-and-fast rule is a rule where if you break that rule, you will..
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใจใฏใ€ ใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:50
you can expect consequences immediately.
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ใ™ใใซ็ตๆžœใŒไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
But hey, let's look at a comment from a previous video.
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ใงใ‚‚ใญใˆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:55
This comment is from Vรญtor
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏ Vรญtor ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€
01:58
and Vรญtor says, Hello, Bob.
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Vรญtor ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒœใƒ–ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
It is interesting how we can come up with new ideas nowadays.
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ใ„ใพใฉใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:04
If one day you run out of ideas
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€
02:06
or topics for your lessons, you can try crowdsourcing or even A.I..
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ่ถณใ‚ŠใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‰ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚„ A.I. ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
With crowdsourcing,
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒ‰ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:10
you can ask your viewers for new ideas or topics they think are gripping for people.
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่ฆ–่ด่€…ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆƒนใใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:14
In another case, you can try something like ChatGPT or another AI.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ€ ChatGPT ใ‚„ๅˆฅใฎ AI ใชใฉใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
I do not know if that technology is able to do such a thing, but you can give it a try someday.
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ใใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใงใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:23
In the future I think we are going to have a smorgasbord of technology doing things for us.
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ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใŒ็งใŸใกใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
By the way, thank you.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
02:28
And my response? I will keep that in mind.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฎๅๅฟœใฏ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Right now I am around so many people, I just listen for interesting words and phrases.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใ„ใฆใ€ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
02:34
Maybe when I'm older and around less people I'll need some other tools.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€็งใŒๅนดใ‚’ใจใฃใฆๅ‘จใ‚Šใซ ไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไป–ใฎใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:38
So yes, AI is becoming quite cool I think.
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ใฏใ„ใ€AI ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
I was playing around with it
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02:42
the other day in one of my classes and my students and I really enjoyed using it.
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ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ€็งใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚น ใ‚„็”Ÿๅพ’ใฎไธ€ไบบใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
02:47
It was kind of fun to play around with it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
02:50
We even talked a little bit about what would be good jobs
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02:55
to do in the future, jobs that AI couldn't do.
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ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใฉใ‚“ใชไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€AI ใงใฏใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:58
And we decided that teaching is
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ
03:01
probably one of those jobs, although I wasn't sure I agreed with them.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ1ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
03:05
But they said that during the pandemic, online learning wasn't fun,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ้–“ใ€ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ.
03:10
and they think for the next ten or 20 years, people will actually prefer
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๅพŒ10ๅนดใพใŸใฏ20ๅนดใฎ้–“ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
03:15
to have actual teachers, human teachers in their classrooms
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆ•™ๅธซ
03:19
doing the teachings, doing the teaching, not teachings the teaching.
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ใ€ๆ•™ๅฎคใงๆ•™ใˆใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ. ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚
03:23
And I think they might be right.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
I think the pandemic and remote learning gave us this little view
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใจ้ ้š”ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
03:30
of online learning or remote learning, and a lot of people didn't like it.
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ‚„้ ้š”ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใช่ฆ‹ๆ–นใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ€ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅฝใพใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
03:35
So anyways, I decided to take you today
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’
03:38
to a more modest part of my town.
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็งใฎ็”บใฎใ‚‚ใฃใจๆŽงใˆใ‚ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:41
So in this part of my town, the houses are more reasonably priced.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ็”บใฎใ“ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใงใฏใ€ ไฝๅฎ…ใฎไพกๆ ผใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ‰‹้ ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
This is actually similar to where my Mom used to live.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ็งใฎๆฏใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
These houses are usually quite reasonable if you wanted to purchase one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎถใฏใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใฏ้žๅธธใซใƒชใƒผใ‚บใƒŠใƒ–ใƒซใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:57
Anyways, time's up. I should go.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ่กŒใ‹ใชใใ‚ƒใ€‚
03:59
Thanks for watching this lesson and I'll see you in a couple of days with another one. Bye.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅๅพŒใซๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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