Professional English Vocabulary: Meetings

436,390 views ใƒป 2018-02-20

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
In today's video I want to talk to you about some business English, but more specifically,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„
00:07
we're going to talk about meetings, business meetings and what goes on there, and some
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ใซใฏใ€ไผš่ญฐใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใใ“ใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่กŒใ‹
00:12
of the vocabulary you will need to know if you have to go to some of these meetings.
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไผš่ญฐใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใซใ€‚
00:17
Okay, we have a bunch of words here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
I'm going to go through each one, make sure you understand what it is.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:22
So, every meeting has to have an "agenda".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไผš่ญฐ ใซใฏใ€Œ่ญฐ้กŒใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
Actually I'll stand on this side a little bit.
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ๅฎŸใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
Every meeting has to have an agenda.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎไผš่ญฐ ใซใฏ่ญฐ้กŒใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:29
What is an "agenda"?
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒ€ใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:31
An agenda is basically the plan or the list of topics that need to be covered in this meeting.
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่ญฐ้กŒใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่จˆ็”ปใพใŸใฏใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:38
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
00:39
So by the end of the meeting you have to cover these points, and then the meeting can break
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใงใซ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผ
00:42
up or whatever.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:45
So that's the plan.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่จˆ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
00:46
We also use this for other situations, like somebody has an agenda, means somebody has
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ฟฝๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆ
00:50
a goal they're after.
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ใ„ใ‚‹็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:52
In a business meeting, the plan.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€่จˆ็”ปใ€‚
00:54
The goal is to finish these lists...
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็›ฎๆจ™ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™...
00:56
The list of priorities.
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ๅ„ชๅ…ˆ้ †ไฝใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
00:58
At a meeting someone will be "designated" to take notes.
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ไผš่ญฐใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ€ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:03
So, "you designate" means you choose someone or you assign someone a specific task.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๅใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ธใถ ใ‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใ‚Šๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:09
So, every...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏŽๅ›ž...
01:10
Every meeting somebody else takes a turn or sometimes some big companies have one person
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ไผš่ญฐใฎใŸใณใซใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ †็•ชใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๆ™‚ใซใฏๅคงไผๆฅญใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
01:16
whose job is to take those notes.
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใฎใŒไป•ไบ‹ใฎ 1 ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:18
Now, those notes are called "minutes", like the same minute...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณ็ฌฆใฏ ใ€Œๅˆ†ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅˆ†
01:23
Like, you think about it in terms of time.
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ.
01:25
"Minutes" are the notes or the summary of a meeting.
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ใ€Œ่ญฐไบ‹้Œฒใ€ใฏ ใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎใƒกใƒขใพใŸใฏ่ฆ็ด„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:31
At the end of the meeting the person who was designated to take the notes will go back
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ไผš่ญฐใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
01:35
to his or her desk, and type up a list of the main highlights of the meeting, and whatever
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ไบบใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆœบใซๆˆปใ‚Š ใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎไธปใชใƒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
01:42
goals were achieved, whatever items need to be discussed next meeting, etc.
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็›ฎๆจ™ใŒ้”ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ€ ๆฌกใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้ …็›ฎใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ‰“ใกๅˆใ‚ใ›ใชใฉใง
01:48
So, notes.
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ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ€‚
01:49
Now, somebody might put forward a "motion".
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ€Œๅ‹•่ญฐใ€ใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:53
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:54
"Put forward a motion".
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ใ€Œๅ‹•่ญฐใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
01:59
A motion is basically the same idea as a proposal.
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ๅ‹•่ญฐใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ่ญฐๆกˆใจๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
02:03
Somebody says: "Okay, I think we need to do this.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ง ใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
02:05
Let's vote on it."
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ๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ใ€
02:06
So anything that needs to be voted on is called a motion.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆ ๅ‹•่ญฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:10
Their idea, their plan, their suggestion, etc.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€่จˆ็”ปใ€ ๆๆกˆใชใฉใ€‚
02:15
After somebody puts forward the motion, everybody else in the meeting room will have "deliberations".
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ‹•่ญฐใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸๅพŒ ใ€ไผš่ญฐๅฎคใซใ„ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ€Œๅฏฉ่ญฐใ€ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:22
They will deliberate on this motion.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ญฐใซใคใ„ใฆๅฏฉ่ญฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
Basically they will discuss it.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
Everybody will say what they think, what they like, what they don't like.
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ€ ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ญฐ
02:29
There'll be a general discussion about the motion, and that's called deliberations.
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ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏฉ่ญฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Sometimes these deliberations involve a "conference call".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฏฉ่ญฐใซ ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑไผš่ญฐใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
A conference call is basically a call with people outside the meeting room, it could
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้›ป่ฉฑไผš่ญฐใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใฏไผš่ญฐๅฎคใฎๅค–ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใจใฎ้€š่ฉฑใฎใ“ใจ
02:44
be on Skype, some sort of video program, it could be just a telephone call, but it's a
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ใงใ™ใ€‚Skype ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹้›ป่ฉฑใฎ้€š่ฉฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:50
speaker and everybody in the room can hear and be heard, and the person on the other
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅๅฏพๅดใฎไบบใฏ
02:56
end can be...
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... ่žใใ“ใจใŒ
02:57
Can hear and be heard as well.
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ใงใใ€่žใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
So it's a conference call.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง้›ป่ฉฑไผš่ญฐใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
Then everybody will "brainstorm" to come up with new ideas.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:04
So, "brainstorming" is basically thinking, but thinking hard about a specific topic,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใจใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ
03:10
and trying to come up with different ideas for that topic, how to do something, etc.
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็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่€ƒใˆใ€ใใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใชใฉใ‚’่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
Hopefully everybody in the room will "collaborate", people from different departments might come
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้ƒจ้–€ใฎไบบใ€…ใจใ€Œๅ”ๅŠ›ใ€ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
into a meeting to talk about a project or a product, or whatever, or a campaign.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆ ใ‚„่ฃฝๅ“ใ€ใใฎไป–ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไผš่ญฐใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:27
Everybody has to collaborate, everybody has to work together, that's what "collaborate"
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅ”ๅŠ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œ ใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅ”ๅŠ›ใ€ใฎ
03:32
means.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:33
A good company will have people who like to collaborate, they'll like to work as a team;
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่‰ฏใ„ไผš็คพใซใฏใ€ๅ”ๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบ ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ ใจใ—ใฆๅƒใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
some companies it's a bit more difficult.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎไผๆฅญใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Then after the deliberations, after the brainstorming, after all their talk, it's time to vote.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฏฉ่ญฐใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉฑใฎๅพŒใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:47
So everybody will "cast a ballot".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ ใ€ŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ”ฟๆฒป
03:53
We also talk about this when we talk about politics.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
After the campaign for a political position, the public goes to cast a ballot.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„็ซ‹ๅ ดใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒšใƒผใƒณใฎๅพŒ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
They go to the ballot box to vote.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ๆŠ•็ฅจ็ฎฑใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
So, "cast a ballot", vote.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:07
Now, there are different ways to do it.
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ไปŠใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
There's a secret ballot.
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ๆŠ•็ฅจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:11
If you have a secret ballot, then everybody writes their answer, their choice on a piece
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็ง˜ๅฏ†ๆŠ•็ฅจใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ…จๅ“ก ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใจ้ธๆŠž
04:17
of paper, puts it into a box, and then somebody collects them: "Yes", "No", whatever.
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ใ‚’็ด™ใซๆ›ธใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
There's an open ballot that everybody knows what everybody else is voting.
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ไป–ใฎ ไบบใŒไฝ•ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…ฌ้–‹ๆŠ•็ฅจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
This is called "a show of hands".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ ๆŒ™ๆ‰‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
"Show of hands, who's for the project?
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ใ€ŒๆŒ™ๆ‰‹ใ€่ชฐ ใŒใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซ่ณ›ๆˆ๏ผŸ
04:32
Who's against?"
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่ชฐใŒๅๅฏพ๏ผŸใ€
04:33
Okay, and then more hands this side, this side wins; more hands this side, this side wins.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใŒๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใŒ ๅ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใฎใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใŒๅคšใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใŒๅ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
"Show of hands".
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ใ€Œๆ‰‹ใฎใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ€ใ€‚
04:40
In a classroom a teacher might use this: "Okay, does everybody understand?
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ๆ•™ๅฎคใงใฏใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใฏ
04:43
A show of hands.
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04:44
If you understand, put up your hand."
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กจ็พ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:47
Sometimes you'll hear: "The ayes have it".
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผš ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚บใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€.
04:54
Another way to vote is: -"All in favour say, 'I'."
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ๅˆฅใฎๆŠ•็ฅจๆ–นๆณ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Š ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
-"I."
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-"็งใ€‚"
04:58
-"All in...
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-ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‚คใƒณ...
04:59
All against, say: 'Nay'."
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒซๅๅฏพใ€่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ€‚ใ€
05:00
-"Nay."
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-ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
05:01
More people have...
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ...
05:02
Say: "Yes", the "Ayes", not these eyes, the ayes, this means yes.
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่จ€ใ†: ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็›ฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚บใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
"The ayes have it" means the yes side wins.
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ใ€ŒThe ayes have itใ€ใฏ ใ€ใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นๅดใŒๅ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:13
Now, hopefully you will reach a "consensus" or you will reach a "unanimous"-excuse me-decision.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ก˜ใ‚ใใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใ‚นใ€ ใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไผšไธ€่‡ดใ€ใงๅคฑ็คผใ—ใพใ™ใŒๆฑบๅฎšใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
"Consensus" and "unanimous" are very similar words.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใ‚นใ€ใจใ€Œๅ…จไผšไธ€่‡ดใ€ ใฏใ‚ˆใไผผใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
"Consensus" means all or at least almost all.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใ‚นใ€ใจใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆ ใพใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใปใผใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:31
So if most of the people choose one side, then you have a consensus, then that's a good
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒไธ€ๆ–นใฎๅดใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ— ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใ‚นใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„
05:36
decision, everybody's on board.
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ๆฑบๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
If it's unanimous, means everybody agrees or everybody disagrees.
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ๅ…จไผšไธ€่‡ดใจใฏใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:43
So, "unanimous" means everybody, all the people who are voting made the same choice.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไผšไธ€่‡ดใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒๅŒใ˜้ธๆŠžใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:50
Now, sometimes if you can't make a meeting...
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒโ€ฆ ใ„ใ„
05:53
Okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:54
You're out of town on business or you're sick that day, but you want somebody to cast your
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป•ไบ‹ใง็”บใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„
06:00
ballot, vote for you, you can send a "proxy".
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅง”ไปป็Šถใ€ใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:04
A "proxy" basically means a substitute, somebody who will go in your place to vote in your
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ใ€Œไปฃ็†ไบบใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใงๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃ็†ไบบใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
06:14
name.
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ใ€‚
06:15
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:16
We also think...
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ใพใŸ
06:17
If you read the news you sometimes see, like: "proxy war".
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ใ€ใ€Œไปฃ็†ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใชใฉใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
A "proxy war", when you have two very big countries, if for example, Russia and the
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ใ€Œไปฃ็†ๆˆฆไบ‰ใ€ใจใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใช ๅ›ฝใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใจ
06:27
United States decided to have a war, that would be a lot of destruction because they're
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็ฑณๅ›ฝใŒๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
06:32
both very big countries with very big militaries.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธ ใซๅคงใใช่ป้šŠใ‚’ๆŒใค้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชๅ›ฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎ็ ดๅฃŠใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:35
So if they want to fight but they don't want to fight directly, they will fight through
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆˆฆใ„ใŸใ„ใŒ็›ดๆŽฅๆˆฆใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใชๅ›ฝใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆๆˆฆใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
06:39
smaller countries.
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.
06:40
They will find a small country and a small country, and they will send these two countries
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐใ•ใชๅ›ฝใจๅฐใ•ใชๅ›ฝใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎๅ›ฝ
06:44
to war as a proxy for themselves.
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ใ‚’ไปฃ็†ใจใ—ใฆๆˆฆไบ‰ใซ้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:47
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:48
In the business meeting it's not so bad, but it's still the same idea, it's a substitute.
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ๅ•†่ซ‡ใงใฏใใ“ใพใงๆ‚ชใ ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚ŠๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใ€ไปฃ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
06:53
Okay, so then the meeting is all good, you have your ballot, you have your choice, everybody's
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ใงใฏใ€ไผš่ญฐใฏใ™ในใฆ้ †่ชฟใงใ™ ใ€‚ๆŠ•็ฅจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ธๆŠžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ…จๅ“ก
06:58
in agreement, it's a consensus, etc., it's time to "wrap up".
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ใŒๅŒๆ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใ‚นใŒๅพ— ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œใพใจใ‚ใ€ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
When you're wrapping up, basically you're bringing the meeting to a close.
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็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซไผš่ญฐใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:07
You finish all the last details.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไป•ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
"Any questions?
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹
07:09
Any questions?
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่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸไฝ•ใ‹่ณชๅ•ใฏ
07:10
No?
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ„ใ„ใˆ๏ผŸ
07:11
Everybody's good?
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ใฟใ‚“ใชๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:12
Okay, let's wrap it up.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:13
Everybody sign where they need to sign.
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ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็ฝฒๅ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซ็ฝฒๅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸ
07:14
See ya next week, next meeting."
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ๆฅ้€ฑใ€ๆฌกใฎไผš่ญฐใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
07:17
And then you "adjourn".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒๅปถๆœŸใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
"Adjourn" means you basically end the meeting, or sometimes you suspend the meeting.
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ใ€ŒAdjournใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซไผš่ญฐใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏไผš่ญฐใ‚’ไธญๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
"Okay, this meeting is adjourned" means it's finished.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใฏ ๅปถๆœŸใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
"We're going to adjourn this meeting until next week", so it means we're going to take
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใฏๆฅ้€ฑใพใงๅปถๆœŸใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
07:30
a break, we're going to come back and finish next time.
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ใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใ ใฆใ€ๆฌกๅ›žใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:34
"A-journ", the "d" is silent, you don't actually pronounce it.
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ใ€ŒA-journใ€ใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใฏ็„ก้Ÿณใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:37
So, there you go.
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
07:39
You're ready to go to a business meeting in English and be able to handle all these different
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไผš่ญฐใซ่กŒใๆบ–ๅ‚™ ใŒใงใใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
07:45
words.
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ใพใ™.
07:46
If you have any questions about them, please go to www.engvid.com, you can ask me in the
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใง็งใซ่ณชๅ•ใงใใพใ™
07:49
forum.
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ใ€‚
07:50
You can take the quiz, make sure you understand all of these words.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:54
Of course, subscribe to my channel if you like this
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆ
07:57
lesson, and I'll see you again very soon. Bye-bye.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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