English Grammar - Causative

1,403,977 views ใƒป 2014-03-02

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi again. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is the causative. Now, I get
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ› ๆžœ
00:08
asked many times how to construct and use the causative structure.
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ๆง‹้€ ใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใจไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใ‹ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
First of all, "What is the causative", you're wondering? If you have someone do something
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ใพใšใ€Œไฝ•ใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใ€ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹
00:19
for you, then you are using the causative voice. For example, if you have the waiter
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝฟๅฝนใฎๅฃฐใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใซ
00:24
bring you a glass of water, this is a causative. If you have your hair cut, that is a causative.
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ใ‚ณใƒƒใƒ—ไธ€ๆฏใฎๆฐดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
The difference -- active and passive -- we will look at that in a moment.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎ้•ใ„ ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
First thing we need to do is understand how to construct this sentence structure. So we're
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ใพใšใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
00:43
going to have -- I broke it down into little pieces, everything that you can understand.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œ ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐใ•ใชๆ–ญ็‰‡ใซๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:46
The difference between a causative sentence and a regular sentence is we use an agent
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ไฝฟๅฝนๆ–‡ใจ้€šๅธธใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ไฝฟๅฝนใง ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
00:53
in the causative. We have a subject; we have the causative verb; we have the agent -- the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปถๅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟๅฝนๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
person or thing that is going to do something for you; we have the verb; and we have the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใพใŸใฏ็‰ฉ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:07
object.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
So first, the causative verb. There aren't that many that you will use. These are the
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšไฝฟๅฝนๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:14
four most common ones: have, make, let, get. There are others, but the others are so obvious
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏใ€haveใ€makeใ€letใ€get ใฎ 4 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
01:22
that we don't need to worry about them too much, like "ask". "He asked someone to bring
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใใฆใ„ใ„ใปใฉๆ˜Ž็™ฝใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใ‚“
01:26
him something." It's very clear. I think most people know how to use it. It's these four
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ใ ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ไบบใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎ 4 ใค
01:31
that give people problems, especially these three. Why? Because I'm going to use a base
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ใ€็‰นใซใ“ใฎ 3 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ๅŸบๆœฌ
01:38
verb with them. With "get", I'm going to use an infinitive verb, "to" verb. Okay? So again,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œgetใ€ใงใฏ ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎใ€Œtoใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ
01:45
subject -- "I" for example -- "had" -- you can go past. Whatever tense you're looking
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธป่ชž -- ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ŒIใ€ -- ใ€Œhadใ€ -- ใฏ็œ็•ฅใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ
01:52
for -- future, past, present -- this is going to take the tense, not this. Your causative
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-- ๆœชๆฅใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจ -- ใ“ใ‚Œใงใฏ ใชใใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝฟๅฝน
01:58
verb is going to take the tense. " 'I had' someone, 'I have', or 'I am having' someone,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
'I will have' someone cut my hair." For example. I need a haircut, actually, now that I think
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใซ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ•ฃ้ซชใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
02:12
about it. So, "I had the barber -- in this case, cutting hair -- cut -- base -- my hair
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅบŠๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ - ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ - ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆ - ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚น - ็งใฎ้ซช
02:22
-- object." Okay? The main thing to remember is that the agent can be a person or a thing,
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- ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใไธปใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใฏไบบใงใ‚‚็‰ฉใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
02:28
okay? "I had" -- well, we'll talk about that in the passive. "I had the package delivered.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ "I had" -- ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅฐๅŒ…ใ‚’้…้”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:33
"That's object, still. "I had the car drive to somewhere else." It's a little bit strange
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ใฉใ“ใ‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใพใง่ปŠใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:42
if you have an automatic car. I'll think of a different example for you after that, okay?
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒˆใƒž่ปŠใ ใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅค‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚
02:46
But agent, person, thing. Object could be direct object, the person. It could be indirect
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ€ไบบใ€็‰ฉใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ€ ็›ดๆŽฅใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“ๆŽฅ็š„ใชใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
02:53
object, so it's a thing or a person, what or who. So, "I had the barber cut my hair."
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ใŸใ‚ใ€็‰ฉใพใŸใฏไบบใ€ไฝ•ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€ŒๅบŠๅฑ‹ใซ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:02
Now, what do these mean, these four verbs? Excuse me. These three -- have, make, and
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ 4 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใค -- haveใ€makeใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
03:09
get -- basically mean cause. You're causing someone to do something. But you're wondering,
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get -- ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
03:15
"Okay. All of them mean cause. When do I use which one?" Right? It's a little bit of a
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅŽŸๅ› ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใคใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ๅณ๏ผŸ ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ
03:20
nuance, very subtle differences. When you "have someone do something", basically, you're
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใงใ€้žๅธธใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ€ใจใใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ
03:26
commissioning them; you're paying them. "I will have the painter paint my house." "I
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ไพ้ ผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ็”ปๅฎถใซ็งใฎๅฎถใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚ญใ‚’ๅก—ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
03:33
will have the mechanic fix my car." These are services. You're paying someone to do
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ใƒกใ‚ซใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„
03:38
something.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
"I will make someone do something." You're a little bit forcing them, right? "I will
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทๅˆถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
03:44
make my little brother clean my room. Why? Because he's my little brother. I'm bigger
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ๅผŸใซ็งใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅผŸใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ
03:49
than him. I can make him do things. So I will."
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ๅฝผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๅฝผใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:52
Get. "Get" is more like "convince". You persuade someone to do something for you, right? "I
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ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œ่ชฌๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
03:58
will get my sister to do my laundry. Why? Because she's nice, and she likes me, and
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็งใฏๅฆนใซๆด—ๆฟฏใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€็งใฏ
04:05
I know how to speak to her. That's why".
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ๅฝผๅฅณใจ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใงใ™.
04:08
"Let" is, basically, "give someone permission". So very clear. Have, make, get -- causing
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ใ€ŒLetใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝœใฃใฆใ€ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ -
04:14
it in its own way; let -- allow. Okay.
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็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ let -- ่จฑๅฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:18
Then, this -- all of this is the active causative. "We make someone do something". But we can
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ -- ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
04:26
also use the passive causative, in which case we have the subject; we have the causative
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ใ€ๅ—่บซใฎไฝฟๅฝนใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ†ใณไฝฟๅฝน
04:35
verb again; we have the object, next; and we have the verb in a past participle form.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
Notice that we don't -- I didn't include the agent. You can include the agent. Usually,
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ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€
04:49
it's obvious; you don't need to, right? So if I had my hair cut, who did it? The barber.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ็งใŒ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็†้ซชๅธซใ€‚
04:55
Do I need to say it was the barber? No. You understand that, right? So the agent is optional.
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ๅบŠๅฑ‹ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆ ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใฏใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
I'll put it in brackets, in parentheses.
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ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ€ใ‹ใฃใ“ใงๅ›ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Now, keep in mind that you will only use "have" and "get" -- excuse me. You will only use
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใ€Œgetใ€ใฎใฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:11
"have" and "get" in the passive causative. You could use "make" and "let", but the structures
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไฝฟๅฝนใงใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใ€Œgetใ€ใฎใฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œmakeใ€ใจใ€Œletใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆง‹้€ 
05:18
will be a little bit different, and it's a little bit uncommon to see these structures.
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ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:23
Very common to see "have" and "get". "I had my hair cut." Now, "cut" is a little bit confusing
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"have" ใจ "get" ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™
05:32
because "cut", "cut" -- what's the difference? But "cut" is an irregular verb. Present tense,
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฝข
05:38
"cut". Past tense, "cut". Past participle, "cut". Okay?
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ใ€Œๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใ€Œๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€Œๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:44
"I had my homework done for me" -- means I had somebody else do it for me, okay? I didn't
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"I had my homework done for me" -- ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—
05:52
do it; somebody else did.
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ใŸใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:54
"I got my friend" -- oh, no. Sorry. That's the active. "I got my car fixed." Who? The
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ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใŒใงใใŸใ€ -- ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่ชฐ๏ผŸ
06:04
mechanic fixed it. "I got my car fixed." Meaning somebody else did it.
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ใƒกใ‚ซใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ปŠใ‚’ ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:10
Now, all of this will be much easier to understand once you see actual example sentences. So
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
06:15
let's put those on the board.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:18
Okay. So here we are. We're back. We have a few more examples to show you. Let's look
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅธฐใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
at the active sentences first.
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ใพใšใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:26
"Sam made her boyfriend cut his hair." Sam's boyfriend -- Sam, Samantha, by the way, if
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใฏใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใซ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ ใฎ ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ - ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใ‚ตใƒžใƒณใ‚ตใ€
06:33
you're wondering -- her boyfriend had hair down to here. She didn't like it. She said,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ - ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใพใง้ซชใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€
06:39
"Cut your hair, or I will leave you." So he was, like, "Okay, fine. I'll go get a cut."
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ใ€Œ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผ ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:44
So she made him have his hair cut. Or she made her boyfriend cut his own hair. Sorry.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใซ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:50
I was mixing a couple things. So he went to the bathroom, cut it -- everybody's happy.
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็งใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆททใœใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผ ใฏใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ-่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๅนธใ›ใงใ™.
06:56
"Cal let his friend borrow his car." Okay. "You want to borrow my car? Sure. Here you
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒซใฏๅ‹้”ใซ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใฏใ„ใ€
07:02
go." "Let" is a little bit easier. I think everybody, because of the idea of "allow"
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒLetใ€ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œ่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“
07:06
or "give permission", this is much easier to understand. But it's still a causative
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ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
07:11
because you have an agent, etc.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใชใฉใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ไฝฟๅฝนใงใ™.
07:14
"Jane got her sister to sew her a dress". Jane is having her prom next week. She wants
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฆนใซใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็ธซใ‚ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€. ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏๆฅ้€ฑใƒ—ใƒญใƒ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
07:22
a beautiful dress to her prom. A "prom", by the way, is at the end of high school, you
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ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ ใซ็พŽใ—ใ„ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„. ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใƒ ใ€ ใฏ้ซ˜ๆ กใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
07:26
have a big dance; everybody comes and dances and eats and celebrates. Everybody dresses
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคงใใชใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒๆฅใฆใ€่ธŠใ‚Š ใ€้ฃŸในใ€็ฅใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฟใ‚“ใช
07:31
really nicely. Jane needed a dress. She got her sister to sew her a nice dress because
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ•ตใซ็€ใ“ใชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ ๅฆนใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใชใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฆนใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็ธซใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
07:37
her sister is very nice.
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ใ€‚
07:39
"You should have the school call the boy's parents". Now, your son is having a problem
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ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใซใใฎๅฐ‘ๅนดใฎไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ในใใ ใ€. ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅญใฏ
07:45
at school. There's a bully. Somebody is beating up your son. You should have the school call
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ๅญฆๆ กใงๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใฃๅญใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆฏๅญใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญฆๆ ก
07:50
the boy's parents and talk to them, make sure they do something about this, okay?
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ใซ็”ทใฎๅญใฎไธก่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
07:56
So all of these are active. The subject is causing the agent to do something. Good.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ ใ€ใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
08:03
Here we have the passive. I only have "had" and "get", okay? "Bill had his house painted."
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œhadใ€ใจใ€Œgetใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒ“ใƒซใฏๅฎถใซใƒšใƒณใ‚ญใ‚’ๅก—ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:11
His house was getting old; he wanted it to freshen up; he wanted a new coat of paint.
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ๅฝผใฎๅฎถใฏๅคใใชใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎใซใ— ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚ญใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:16
He could have painted it himself, but instead, he had it painted. Now, who painted it? Well,
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ๅฝผใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸ. ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฐใŒๆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
08:23
it was a painter, of course. I didn't mention it because it's kind of obvious from "paint",
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็”ปๅฎถใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅก—่ฃ…ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใชใฎใง่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
08:29
right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:30
"I get my groceries delivered". "Groceries" -- all the things from the supermarket that
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ใ€Œ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ‚’้…้”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ€ -- ่‡ชๅฎ…ใงๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎ
08:36
I need at home. I don't like to go to the supermarket and shop and carry all my things
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚„่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
08:41
home. I call them; I tell them what I need; they deliver it. So I get my groceries delivered
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ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฑŠใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ็งใฎ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“
08:48
to me. Who delivers it? I don't know. I don't care. I have groceries. I'm eating. I'm happy.
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ใ‚’็งใซๅฑŠใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ้…้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
It's not important. But if you're not sure how to use the passive, check my previous
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ๅคงไบ‹ใชใ“ใจใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
09:00
lesson I have on www.engvid.com about the passive. It will explain why I do or do not
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ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใงๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไปฅๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚จใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใจใ—ใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
09:06
put the agent here, okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
Of course, if you need more exercises, if you need more examples, go to www.engvid.com.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆผ”็ฟ’ใŒ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไพ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:14
There's a quiz there that you can try out. And come again soon, and we'll do another
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่ฉฆใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ™ใใซใพใŸๆฅใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:19
lesson. Thanks.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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