MATH & GEOMETRY Vocabulary and Terminology in English

562,314 views ใƒป 2017-09-18

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:02
I'm Adam.
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็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
In today's video I'm going to look at some math.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใงใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
Now, I know this is an English site, don't worry, I'm not actually going to do any math.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:13
Philosophy and English major, so math not my favourite, but I will give you some math
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ๅ“ฒๅญฆใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฐ‚ๆ”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฏ ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—
00:19
terminology, words that you need if you're going to do math.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ•ฐๅญฆ็”จ่ชžใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ ็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™.
00:24
Now, a lot of you might be engineers or you might be students who came from another country
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ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅคšใใฏใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ‹ใ€ ๅค–ๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžๅœใฎๅ›ฝใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸๅญฆ็”Ÿใง
00:30
to an English-speaking country, and you go to math class and you know the math, but you're
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ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใซ่กŒใฃใฆๆ•ฐๅญฆใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
00:35
not sure of the wording.
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ใ€่จ€่‘‰้ฃใ„ใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:38
So this is what we're looking at, terminology, only the words that you need to go into a
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”จ่ชžใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
00:42
math class or to do some math on your own.
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:46
We're going to start with the very basics.
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้žๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
You know all these functions already.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใฏใ™ในใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
I'm just going to give you some ways to talk about them, and then we'll move on to some
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใฆ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
00:55
other functions and other parts.
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ไป–ใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚„ไป–ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
So, you know the four basic functions: "addition", "subtraction", "multiplication", and "division".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ€ใ€Œๅผ•ใ็ฎ—ใ€ใ€ŒๆŽ›ใ‘็ฎ—ใ€ใ€Œๅ‰ฒใ‚Š็ฎ—ใ€ใฎ 4 ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:05
What you need to know is ways to say an equation.
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็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Right? You know an equation.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
"1 + 1 = 2", that's an equation.
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ใ€Œ1 + 1 = 2ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ญ‰ๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
01:16
"x2 + y3 = znth",
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ใ€Œx2 + y3 = znthใ€ใ€
01:21
that's also an equation which I'm not even going to get into.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚‚็งใŒ่ธใฟ่พผใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฎใชใ„ๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
01:24
So, let's start with addition.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:26
The way to talk about addition.
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่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ€‚
01:27
You can say: "1 plus 1", "plus", of course is "+" symbol, that's the plus symbol.
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ใ€Œ1 plus 1ใ€ใ€ใ€Œplusใ€ใฏ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€Œ+ใ€่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
"1 plus 1 equals 2."
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ใ€Œ1 ่ถณใ™ 1 ใฏ 2 ใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
01:36
2 means the total, is also called the "sum".
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2ใฏๅˆ่จˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใ€ใ€Œๅˆ่จˆใ€ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Now, you can also say: "The sum of 1 and 1 is 2."
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ€Œ1 ใจ 1 ใฎๅˆ่จˆใฏ 2 ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
You can also just say, without this part: "1 and 1 is 2."
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ1 ใจ 1 ใฏ 2 ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
So you don't need the plus, you don't need the equal; you can use "and" and "is", but
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ‚‚ใ‚คใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œandใ€ใจใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒ
01:54
it means the same thing.
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Everybody will understand you're making...
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่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†...
01:57
You're doing addition.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
Sorry. Doing addition, not making.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:01
If you add 1 and 1, you get 2.
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1 ใจ 1 ใ‚’่ถณใ™ใจ 2 ใซใชใ‚Š
02:04
Okay? So: "add" and "get", other words you can use to express the equation.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ€ใจใ€Œๅ–ๅพ—ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Now, if you're doing math problems, math problems are word problems.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใฏๆ–‡็ซ ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
I know a lot of you have a hard time understanding the question because of the words, so different
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ›ใ„ใง่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:21
ways to look at these functions using different words, different verbs especially.
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.
02:27
If we look at subtraction: "10 minus 5 equals 5".
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ๅผ•ใ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œ10 ใฒใ 5 ใฏ 5 ใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
"5", the answer is also called the "difference".
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ใ€Œ5ใ€ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ ใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
For addition it's the "sum", for subtraction it's "difference".
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่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๅ’Œใ€ใ€ ๅผ•ใ็ฎ—ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:39
"10, subtract 5 gives you 5."
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ใ€Œ10ใ€5 ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใจ 5 ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:44
Or: "10 deduct"-means take away-"5", we can also say: "Take 5 away"...
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ10 deductใ€-ใ€Œtake awayใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™-ใ€Œ5ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒTake 5 awayใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™...
02:50
Oh, I forgot a word here. Sorry.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:54
"Take 5 away from 10, you get", okay?
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ใ€Œ10 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5 ใ‚’ ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:58
"10 subtract 5", you can say: "gives you 5",
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ใ€Œ10 ๅผ•ใ 5ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซ 5 ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ
03:06
sorry, I had to think about that.
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่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
Math, not my specialty.
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็งใฎๅฐ‚้–€ใงใฏใชใ„ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ€‚
03:09
So: "Take 5 away from 5, you get 5", "Take 5 away from 5, you're left with",
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5 ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใจ 5 ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5 ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใจๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€
03:15
"left with" means what remains.
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ใ€Œๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Okay, so again, different ways to say the exact same thing.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:23
So if you see different math problems in different language you can understand what they're saying.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใง็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:29
Multiplication.
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ไน—็ฎ—ใ€‚
03:31
"5 times 5", that's: "5 times 5 equals 25".
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ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ 5ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ 5 ใฏ 25 ใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
"25" is the "product", the answer to the multiplication, the product.
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ใ€Œ25ใ€ใฏใ€Œ็ฉใ€ใ€ ใ‹ใ‘็ฎ—ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ€็ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
"5 multiplied by 5", don't forget the "by".
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ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ 5ใ€ ใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:46
"5 multiplied by 5 is 25", "is", "gives you", "gets", etc.
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ใ€Œ5 ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ 5 ใฏ 25ใ€ใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ€ ใ€Œgives youใ€ใ€ใ€Œgetsใ€
03:52
Then we go to division.
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ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
"9 divided by 3 equals 3", "3", the answer is called the "quotient".
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ใ€Œ9ใ‚’3ใงๅ‰ฒใ‚‹ใจ3ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ3ใ€ใ€ใใฎ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ€Œๅ•†ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
This is a "q".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
I don't have a very pretty "q", but it's a "q".
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็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใใ‚Œใ„ใช ใ€Œqใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œqใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
"Quotient".
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"ๅ•†"ใ€‚
04:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:08
"3 goes into... 3 goes into 9 three times",
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ใ€Œ3 ใฏ 9 ใซ 3 ๅ›žๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
04:13
so you can reverse the order of the equation.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ๅผใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’้€†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:18
Here, when...
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใค
04:19
In addition, subtraction, multiplication...
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... ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ๅผ•ใ็ฎ—ใ€ ๆŽ›ใ‘็ฎ—...
04:22
Well, actually addition and multiplication you can reverse the order and it says the
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ๅฎŸใฏใ€่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใจๆŽ›ใ‘็ฎ— ใฏ้ †ๅบใ‚’้€†ใซใ—ใฆๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„
04:25
same thing.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Here you have to reverse the order: "goes into" as opposed to "divided by",
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้ †ๅบใ‚’้€†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ€
04:32
so pay attention to the prepositions as well.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
04:35
Gives you...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹...
04:38
Sorry. "3 goes into 9 three times", there's your answer.
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ3 ใฏ 9 ใซ 3 ๅ›žๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:41
"10 divided by 4", now, sometimes you get an uneven number.
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ใ€Œ10 ๅ‰ฒใ‚‹ 4ใ€ใ€ไปŠใ€ๅฅ‡ๆ•ฐใซใชใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
So: "10 divided by 4" gives you 2 with a remainder of 2, so: "2 remainder 2".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ10 ๅ‰ฒใ‚‹ 4ใ€ใฏ 2 ไฝ™ใ‚Š 2 ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ2 ไฝ™ใ‚Š 2ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Sometimes it'll be "2R2", you might see it like that.
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ใŸใพใซใ€Œ2R2ใ€ ใจใ‹ใ€ใใ†ใ„ใ†้ขจใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:56
So these are the basic functions you have to look at.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
04:59
Now we're going to get into a little bit more complicated math things.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
We're going to look at fractions, exponents, we're going to look at some geometry issues,
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ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใ€ๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐ ใ€ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใชใฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
05:08
things like that.
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ใ€‚
05:09
Okay, so now we're going to look at something else.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
We're going to look at fractions, exponents, and decimals.
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ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใ€ๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใ€ๅฐๆ•ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:15
Again, all of you know these things even from high school, even before high school, primary
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ้ซ˜ๆ กๆ™‚ไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:20
school math some of this stuff.
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ใ€‚
05:22
A "fraction" is basically a partial number; it's not a whole number.
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ใ€Œๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ้ƒจๅˆ† ๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:27
It's a part of, that's why it's called a fraction.
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ใฎไธ€้ƒจใช ใฎใงใ€ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:31
You have two parts to this fraction, you have the "numerator", "nu-mer-a-tor", and then
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ใ“ใฎๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œๅˆ†ๅญใ€ใ€ใ€Œnu-mer-a-torใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
05:38
you have the bottom part which is the "denominator", "de-nom-in-at-or".
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ใ€Œๅˆ†ๆฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œde-nom-in-at-orใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไธ‹ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ .
05:43
Numerator, denominator.
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ๅˆ†ๅญใ€ๅˆ†ๆฏใ€‚
05:44
Now, the thing to know about fractions, now, how to add them, how to multiply them, that's
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใฎ ่ถณใ—็ฎ—ใ€ๆŽ›ใ‘็ฎ—ใฎไป•ๆ–นใ€ใใ‚Œ
05:48
a math lesson, we don't need to know that.
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ใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:51
We just need to know the words.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:53
What you might have some trouble with is pronunciation.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฆๅŠดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎ ใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:57
So: "5 over 12", we don't say: "5 over 12", we say: "Five twelfths",
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ12 ๅˆ†ใฎ 5ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œ 12 ๅˆ†ใฎ 5ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›
06:01
"fths", so you have a lot of consonants here.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:05
"Twelfths".
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ใ€Œ12ๅˆ†ใฎ1ใ€ใ€‚
06:07
Now, keep in mind that even native English speakers have a hard time pronouncing this,
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ•ใˆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ
06:12
so if you find it difficult don't worry.
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ใŠใ„ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:15
In context people will understand you.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€… ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:18
If you say: "Five twelfs", okay, I get it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ12 ไบบ 5 ไบบใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:21
If you say: "Five twelfth-th-th", I'll get it, I'll know what you're trying to say.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ12ๅˆ†ใฎ5ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:25
"Five sixths", this one's even worse, "xths".
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ใ€Œ5/6ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใ€Œxthใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
"Sixths", just say it as close as you can, you'll be understood because people know you're
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ใ€Œ6ๅˆ†ใฎ1ใ€ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘่ฟ‘ใใง่จ€ใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
06:34
talking about fractions.
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ใ€‚
06:36
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:37
On the other side we can say, like, this is a half.
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ๅๅฏพ ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŠๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:40
1 over 2, so a half.
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1 ๅฏพ 2 ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ๅŠๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:43
We can say it in "decimals" as well.
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ใ€Œๅฐๆ•ฐใ€ใงใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
"Decimals" are the point form.
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ใ€Œๅฐๆ•ฐใ€ใฏใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
06:47
So, this is "0.5", I hope you can see this point here.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ0.5ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใใฎ็‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
We don't say: "Zero decimal five", we don't say: "Zero period five", always "point".
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ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญ 10 ้€ฒ 5ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญๆœŸ้–“ 5ใ€ใ€ๅธธใซใ€Œใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:59
Okay? "Zero point five".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญใƒปใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒปใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ–ใ€ใ€‚
07:01
Now: "Zero point thirty-three", no, because this is not a number, this is a partial number,
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ใ•ใฆ: ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 33ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆ†ๆ•ฐใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใชๆ•ฐ
07:08
just like a fraction, it's less than one so it's not "thirty-three",
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ใงใ™ใ€‚1 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ33ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€
07:12
it's "zero point three, three".
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ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 3ใ€3 "ใ€‚
07:14
And as many numbers as you have: "Zero point three, three, seven, eight, nine, ten".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎๆ•ฐใ ใ‘: ใ€Œใ‚ผใƒญ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 3ใ€3ใ€7ใ€8ใ€9ใ€10ใ€ใ€‚
07:18
Well, no "ten", "one, zero".
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ€Œ10ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ1ใ€0ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:20
Okay? So, and the thing, and you can go as many decimal places as you want.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฐๆ•ฐ็‚นไปฅไธ‹ใฎๆกๆ•ฐใฏใ„ใใคใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:26
So this is a whole number, this is the decimal.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
One, two, three, four, five, six decimal places, that's what we talk about after the decimal point.
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ๅฐๆ•ฐ็‚นไปฅไธ‹ 1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4ใ€5ใ€6 ๆกใ€‚
07:36
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:37
Now, this is the 10th or one-tenth, everything that's here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 10 ็•ช็›ฎ ใพใŸใฏ 10 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:42
So if you have "0.3", you have "three-tenths" of whatever it is you're talking about,
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ใ€Œ0.3ใ€ใชใ‚‰ใ€Œ10 ๅˆ†ใฎ 3
07:48
"one hundredth", "one thousandth", and then we go on from there, but we don't usually talk
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ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ100 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ1000 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1ใ€ใงใ€ ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:53
in these terms beyond the third because it gets a little bit too complicated.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็”จ่ชžใงใฏใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ ใจใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซใชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
Now, three...
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ใ•ใฆใ€3...
08:00
Where does this number...? First of all: "3/100", so first of all it's here...
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ใ“ใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏใฉใ“ใซ...? ใพใšใ€Œ100ๅˆ†ใฎ3ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใพใšใฏใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆโ€ฆใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„
08:05
Oh, no, it's not, that's thousandths.
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ใ€ๅƒๅˆ†ใฎ1ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:07
It's over here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆœ‰ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
Okay? So, "3 hundredths", "3 hundredths".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ100 ๅˆ†ใฎ 3ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ100 ๅˆ†ใฎ 3ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:12
Now, if you just say: "zz", like in "pizza", "3 hundredths", close enough, then, again,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œzzใ€ใ€ใ€Œpizzaใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€Œ3/100ใ€ใ€ๅๅˆ†ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€
08:19
people will understand you.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:20
When you're talking about sports, for example, and they say there's like point-five seconds
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๆ™‚่จˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Š ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 5 ็ง’ใปใฉใ ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
08:25
left on the clock, so he...
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ใ€ๅฝผใฏ...
08:27
The guy, basketball, he shoots it, he scores with a tenth of a second left in the game.
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ใ“ใฎ็”ทใ€ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ”พใกใ€ ๆฎ‹ใ‚Š 10 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ็ง’ใงใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
08:32
So you understand?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:33
They're talking about 0.1 second.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็ด„0.1็ง’ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:37
Next we have "exponents".
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:39
X with a small "2" or a small "3" or whatever number.
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X ใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€Œ2ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฐใ•ใ„ ใ€Œ3ใ€ใพใŸใฏไปปๆ„ใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
So this whole thing is called...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ…จไฝ“ใŒๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
08:44
The "2" is actually called the exponent, the x or whatever number is called the base, and
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... ใ€Œ2ใ€ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ x ใพใŸใฏใใฎไป–ใฎๆ•ฐใฏๅŸบๆ•ฐใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€
08:51
we can also refer to this as "the power".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ็ดฏไน—ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:53
So, the whole thing is the "exponent", "base", and "power".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใฏ ใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒฏใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Now, when we talk about: "X to the power of 2", we don't say: "to the power of 2".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€ŒX ใฎ 2 ไน—ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ€Œ 2 ไน—ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:03
When the number is 2, we say: "squared", so: "X squared".
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ๆ•ฐใŒ 2 ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œ2 ไน—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒX 2 ไน—ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
When we talk about "3", we say: "cubed".
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ใ€Œ3ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:12
So we're going to look in a second, and we're going to look at measuring area of a shape
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ™ใใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝข็Šถใฎ้ข็ฉใฎ
09:16
or measuring the volume of a shape.
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ๆธฌๅฎšใพใŸใฏ ๅฝข็Šถใฎไฝ“็ฉใฎๆธฌๅฎšใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
Different shapes, of course, but "area" is measured with "x2" or whatever the measurement
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้ข็ฉใ€ใฏ ใ€Œx2ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆธฌๅฎšๅ€คใฎ
09:24
is squared, and the volume is measured with "cubed".
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2ไน—ใง ๆธฌๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ€ไฝ“็ฉใฏใ€Œ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ใงๆธฌๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:29
Now, once you get past the third-four, five, six-there's two ways you can say it, you can say:
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ใ•ใฆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใ€4 ็•ช็›ฎใ€5 ็•ช็›ฎใ€6 ็•ช็›ฎใ‚’้ŽใŽใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:33
"X to the 4th power", if this is a "4": "X to the 4th power",
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ใ€ŒX ใฎ 4 ไน—ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ€Œ4ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒX ใฎ 4 ไน—ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€
09:40
or "X to the power of 4".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒX ใฎ 4 ไน—ใ€ใ€‚
09:43
Now, sometimes you might see...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
09:46
You might hear this expression: "The nth power".
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... ใ€Œn ไน—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:51
"The nth power" means unlimited, it goes on forever, or infinite, we don't know where
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ใ€Œnth powerใ€ใจใฏใ€็„กๅˆถ้™ใ€ ๆฐธ้ ใซ็ถšใใ€ใพใŸใฏ็„ก้™ใซ็ถšใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใฉใ“ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:55
it ends but this is actually an expression used in regular English as well, and we'll
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅˆฅใฎๆฉŸไผšใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
10:00
talk about that another time.
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ใพใ™.
10:02
Now, if you're going the opposite direction, instead of squaring the number you want to
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅๅฏพๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆ•ฐๅ€คใ‚’ 2 ไน—ใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๆ•ฐๅ€ค
10:07
find the "root" of the number.
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ใฎ "ๆ น" ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:10
So, 3 squared equals 9.
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3 ใฎ 2 ไน—ใฏ 9
10:14
Okay?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
The square root of 9 is 3.
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9 ใฎๅนณๆ–นๆ น
10:18
How many times does 3 go into 9?
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ใฏ 3 ใงใ™ใ€‚3 ใฏ 9 ใซไฝ•ๅ›žใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
10:21
3 times, etc.
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3ๅ›žใชใฉ
10:23
"Square root", finding out how many times the number goes into itself.
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ใ€Œๅนณๆ–นๆ นใ€ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซไฝ•ๅ›žๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
X2, multiplying the number by itself two times.
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X2ใ€ ๆ•ฐๅ€ค่‡ชไฝ“ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:33
So far so good, but we're not done yet.
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ใ“ใ“ใพใงใฏ้ †่ชฟใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:35
We still have to look at shapes and what to do with them, and angles.
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ๅฝข็Šถใจ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ่ง’ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใพใ ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
A lot more interesting stuff coming up. One sec.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚
10:42
Okay, so actually we're going to look at a couple more symbols and words before we go
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ค‡้›‘ใชใ“ใจใซ ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใจๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
10:46
on to other more complicated things.
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.
10:48
I wanted to just squeeze these in because they're a little bit simple, but still need
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตžใ‚Š่พผใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
10:52
to understand them.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:53
"Average" and "mean", now, "average" and "mean" are synonyms, they essentially mean the same thing.
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ใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใจใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใ€็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใจใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใฏ ๅŒ็พฉ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:59
We use "mean" more with math.
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใงใฏใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:01
We use "average" more with other things, like everyday things as well.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚‚ใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
But they mean the same thing.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:07
So when you're looking for the average or the mean, you're taking all the values...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅนณๅ‡ใพใŸใฏๅนณๅ‡ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใจใใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€คใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™...
11:11
So in this case we have one, two, three, four values, you add them up, you take the total
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4 ใคใฎ ๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ่จˆใ—ใ€ๅˆ่จˆ
11:17
and then divide it by the number of values you started with.
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ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‰ฒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅง‹ใ‚ใŸๅ€คใฎๆ•ฐใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ€‚
11:20
So the...
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ใคใพใ‚Š
11:21
We have four values, the total 20 divided by 4, and the average of these values is 5.
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... 4 ใคใฎๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅˆ่จˆ 20 ใ‚’ 4 ใงๅ‰ฒใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ€คใฎๅนณๅ‡ใฏ 5 ใซ
11:28
Okay?
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11:28
So that's "average" or "mean".
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅนณๅ‡ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:30
Now, on the other hand, you want to sometimes look for the "median".
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ใ€Œไธญๅคฎๅ€คใ€ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:34
Now, some...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹
11:35
In some situations you don't want the mean or the average because the extremes, the top
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...็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅนณๅ‡ๅ€คใ‚„ๅนณๅ‡ๅ€คใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆฅต็ซฏใชๅ€คใ€ไธŠ้ƒจ
11:41
or the bottom are so far apart that the average will not give you a right idea of what's going
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ใพใŸใฏไธ‹้ƒจใŒ้›ขใ‚Œใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅนณๅ‡ๅ€คใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ€ค ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚
11:49
on with whatever values you're looking at, so what you want is the "median".
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใฎใฏใ€Œไธญๅคฎๅ€คใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
The "median" is more like the middle number that has an equal number of values above it
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ใ€Œไธญๅคฎๅ€คใ€ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ๆ•ฐใฎๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎไธ‹ใซๅŒใ˜ๆ•ฐใฎๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไธญ้–“ใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซไผผใฆ
11:58
and an equal number of values below it.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:00
So that's a little bit more representative of the situation you're looking at.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไปฃ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
Okay, so now we're going to look at these symbols.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:08
We got this one, this one, this one, and this one - four of them.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ 4ใคใ€‚
12:12
Now, this one, when you have the bigger size open and then it goes to the smaller size
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคงใใ„ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚’้–‹ใ„ใฆๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซ
12:17
means y is larger than x.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€y ใŒ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Larger, smaller, right?
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ๅคงใใ„ใ€ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:22
So, y is larger than x, y is greater than x, y is more than x.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€y ใฏ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใใ€y ใฏ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใใ€y ใฏ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคงใใใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:27
Don't forget the "than" because, again, you have a comparative here.
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚‚ๆฏ”่ผƒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:31
And if you turn it around, y is smaller than, y is less than x.
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้€†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐ ใ€y ใฏ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใใ€y ใฏ x ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:37
Now, sometimes you might see these symbols with a line underneath, in which case:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใฎไธ‹ใซ็ทšใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
12:44
y is greater than or equal to x. Okay?
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y ใฏ x ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:53
Y is greater than or equal to x, y is less than or equal to...
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Y ใฏ x ไปฅไธŠใ€ y ใฏไปฅไธ‹...
13:00
Sorry, y is greater...
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€y ใฏๅคงใใ„ใงใ™...
13:02
Less than or equal to x.
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x ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:04
And now, this one you have...
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ...
13:05
Basically you have the equal sign, but then you have a squiggly line.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็ญ‰ๅท ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆณข็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:08
This means it's approximately equal to, so it's an approximation, not exactly equal.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใผ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ่ฟ‘ไผผๅ€คใงใ™ใ€‚
13:14
And then you have the equal sign with a strike through, and in this case it's just not equal.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ–ใ‚Šๆถˆใ—็ทšไป˜ใใฎ็ญ‰ๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ็ญ‰ใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:19
Okay, pretty straightforward stuff.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:21
Let's move on to some other more complicated things.
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ไป–ใฎ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ค‡้›‘ใชใ“ใจใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:25
Okay, let's look at some more math stuff.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•ฐๅญฆ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:27
We're going to look at shapes.
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ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:29
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:30
So, first of all we're going to start with our "rectangle", means the two sides...
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ใงใฏใ€ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€Œ้•ทๆ–นๅฝขใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ 2 ใคใฎ่พบใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...
13:34
All four sides are not the same length.
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4 ใคใฎ่พบใ™ในใฆ ใŒๅŒใ˜้•ทใ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:37
You have the "width", you have the "length".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ€Œๅน…ใ€ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้•ทใ•ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:39
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:40
Now, when you add a "height" or a "depth", both okay, depending on what you're looking at, then you...
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ้ซ˜ใ•ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆทฑใ•ใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:45
First of all, you've created a box.
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ใพใš ใ€ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:47
So, a rectangle is two-dimensional, a box is three-dimensional.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้•ทๆ–นๅฝขใฏ 2 ๆฌกๅ…ƒ ใ€ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฏ 3 ๆฌกๅ…ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
13:52
Width, length, height or depth, both okay.
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ๅน…ใ€้•ทใ•ใ€้ซ˜ใ• ใ€ๅฅฅ่กŒใใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚OKใ€‚
13:55
Now, when you measure these, when you measure...
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆธฌใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ€ๆธฌใ‚‹ ๆ™‚ใฏ
13:58
Like, basically you want to measure the inside space, then you're measuring the area.
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ใƒปใƒปใƒปๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ ๅ†…้ƒจใฎ็ฉบ้–“ใ‚’ๆธฌใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€้ข็ฉใ‚’ๆธฌใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:04
So you do length times width, and then the answer is whatever the number is.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้•ทใ•ร—ๅน…ใ‚’ ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๆ•ฐใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œ็ญ”ใˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:08
So let's say you have two feet by four feet, so you have eight, and then the measure...
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ใงใฏใ€2 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆ x 4 ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ 8 ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ™...
14:12
If you're measuring in metres, in feet, in inches, in kilometres, whatever, and then
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ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒˆ ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒใ€ใ‚ญใƒญใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใชใฉใงๆธฌๅฎšใ—
14:18
you have the square.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:19
So, whatever 20 metres square, 20 square metres, etc.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€20 ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซๅ››ๆ–นใ€ 20 ๅนณๆ–นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซใชใฉ
14:25
With...
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14:26
When you add the third dimension now you're measuring volume and you're using the 3, the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆฌกๅ…ƒใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไฝ“็ฉใŒๆธฌๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐ 2 ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚ŠใซๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐ 3 ใฎ 3 ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
14:31
exponent 3 instead of the exponent 2.
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ใ€‚
14:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
14:34
Now, other shapes.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎๅฝขใ€‚
14:35
We have a "square", all four sides are equal.
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ใ€Œๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 4่พบใ™ในใฆใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
14:38
When you put in the extra measure, the extra side, then you have a depth to it,
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒกใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅด้ขใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใซๆทฑใ•
14:43
then you have a "cube". Okay? So...
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง
14:47
And, again, another way to think about this: This is two-dimensional, that's why it's squared;
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... ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ 2 ๆฌกๅ…ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
14:53
this is three-dimensional, cubed.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธ‰ๆฌกๅ…ƒใ€็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:55
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:56
A "circle" or a "sphere".
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ใ€Œๅ††ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ƒใ€ใ€‚
14:58
Now, I can't draw a sphere because I'm not a very good artist, like if I do like this...
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่Šธ่ก“ๅฎถใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็ƒไฝ“ใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใ ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ โ€ฆ
15:02
You know, like a moon, like a ball is a sphere.
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ๆœˆใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒซใŒ็ƒไฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
15:05
The flat shape is the circle.
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ๅนณใ‚‰ใชๅฝขใฏๅ††ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ††
15:08
If you want to measure the outside of the circle then you're looking...
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ใฎๅค–ๅดใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๅ††ๅ‘จใ€
15:11
You're trying to measure the "circumference".
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ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:14
Sorry, I forgot to mention, if you want to measure the outside area of the rectangle,
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่จ€ใ„ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€้•ทๆ–นๅฝขใฎๅค–ๅดใฎ้ข็ฉใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„
15:20
you're measuring the "perimeter", same for square.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใจๅŒใ˜ใ€Œๅ‘จๅ›ฒใ€ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:23
For a circle you're measuring the circumference.
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ๅ††ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅ††ๅ‘จใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:27
If you want to measure the volume of a sphere then you're starting to get into things like
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็ƒใฎไฝ“็ฉใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅŠๅพ„ใ€ใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
15:32
"radius", so our radius is from the centre to one side, that's half the distance from
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ใฎใงใ€ๅŠๅพ„ใฏไธญๅฟƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰็‰‡ๅดใพใงใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅทฆๅณใฎ่ท้›ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†
15:40
side to side.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:42
If you want to go the full distance, then you have the "diameter".
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใช่ท้›ขใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็›ดๅพ„ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:48
"Radius", "diameter", full length, basically cutting it in half, equal points.
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ใ€ŒๅŠๅพ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็›ดๅพ„ใ€ใ€ๅ…จ้•ทใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซใฏๅŠๅˆ†ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใ€ๅŒ็‚นใ€‚
15:56
So that's the circle.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
15:58
Then you start...
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™...
15:59
If you want to get into the actual measurements then you start having to look at "pi".
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆธฌๅฎšใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œpiใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:03
Okay? Just that's how it's spelled, "pi", from the...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€Œpiใ€ใฎ็ถดใ‚Šใงใ™...
16:06
I think Greek, if I'm not mistaken, the letter.
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็งใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚ทใƒฃ่ชžใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:09
Now, we're getting into "triangles".
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใ
16:11
We're going to look at triangles again in a minute, but for now the two-dimensional
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ใซไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใฏ 2 ๆฌกๅ…ƒใฎ
16:15
triangle.
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ไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
16:16
Now, three-dimensional you can have a "pyramid", you can have the base and then you have the
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ‰ๆฌกๅ…ƒใงใฏใ€Œใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅบ•้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
16:20
sides coming up to an apex.
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ใ€้ ‚็‚นใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ๅด้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:23
"Apex" means top point of something, or you can have a "prism" where you have the extra
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ใ€Œ้ ‚็‚นใ€ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้ ‚็‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใซ ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช้ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
16:28
side on this side.
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ใ€‚
16:30
Okay? So, triangle, pyramid, prism.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใƒ—ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€‚
16:33
But then we have other shapes like "oval", this is like a "cone", like an ice cream cone.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๆฅ•ๅ††ๅฝขใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป–ใฎๅฝขใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€Œๅ††้Œใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:38
And there's a bunch of other shapes, there's a "rhombus", there's a "diamond", there's
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅฝขใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใฒใ—ๅฝขใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚คใƒคใƒขใƒณใƒ‰ใ€
16:41
a "hectagon", there's an "octagon", all kinds of shapes.
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒ˜ใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚ดใƒณใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚ดใƒณใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:45
If you're not sure, basically you can punch in the word you want...
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
16:50
Just get a math book or Google "shapes", and you'll see all the different shapes that are
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๆœฌใพใŸใฏ Google ใฎใ€Œๅ›ณๅฝขใ€ใ‚’
16:55
available to you, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional. Okay?
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ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€2 ๆฌกๅ…ƒใจ็ซ‹ไฝ“ใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ€ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ›ณๅฝขใŒใ™ในใฆ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‰ๆฌกๅ…ƒใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:00
There's too many of them to list here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅคšใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
17:02
These are the basics, we're going to work with these.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŸบๆœฌใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไฝœๆฅญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:05
We're not done yet, though.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:07
There's still some more math stuff to come.
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ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใƒใ‚ฟใฏใพใ ใพใ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:09
We're going to look at the different types of triangles and the different angles that
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กž ใฎไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใจใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒๆŒใคใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‚’่ฆ‹
17:13
each of them will have. Okay?
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ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:16
Okay, almost done, don't worry.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใปใผๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:19
I know you're loving this math stuff, but we're almost done.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
17:22
We're going to look at some triangles and some angles next.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใจใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ง’ๅบฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:25
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:26
So there are different types of triangles.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ็จฎ้กžใฎไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:30
"Isosceles", "isosceles triangle" has two equal sides and one...
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ใ€ŒไบŒ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใ€ใ€ŒไบŒ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ ใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ่พบใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใใ€1 ใคใฎ่พบใŒ...
17:36
Two equal length sides, and one that's different, and "equilateral" has all three sides equal length.
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2 ใคใฎ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„้•ทใ•ใฎ่พบใจ 1 ใคใฎ่พบใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:43
By the way, just so you know, "lateral" means side, "equi" is equal or even, so "equilateral".
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€Œใƒฉใƒ†ใƒฉใƒซใ€ใฏ ๆจชใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚คใ€ใฏใ‚คใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚คใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใชใฎใงใ€Œใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒฉใƒ†ใƒฉใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:50
So, equilateral, all three sides are even.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆญฃไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅด้ขใฏๅถๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
17:53
And then when you have all three sides different length, we call this a "scalene", "scalene" triangle.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€3 ่พบใ™ในใฆใฎ ้•ทใ•ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œไธ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
18:01
Now, the...
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ใ•ใฆใ€...
18:02
For example, the isosceles or the scalene, or really any much either of these two can
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไบŒ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใพใŸใฏไธ็ญ‰่พบไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใŒ
18:07
also be a "right angle triangle".
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ใ€Œ็›ด่ง’ไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใ€ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:13
A "right angle" is this square here, it means 90 degrees.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œ็›ด่ง’ใ€ใจใฏใ“ใฎๆญฃๆ–นๅฝข ใงใ€90ๅบฆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:18
When you have a 90 degree angle and you want to measure its area, you have to use this
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90ๅบฆใฎ่ง’ๅบฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใฎ้ข็ฉใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„
18:23
line directly opposite to the right angle, and this line is called the "hypotenuse".
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€็›ด่ง’ใฎ็œŸๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ็ทšใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ็ทšใฏใ€Œๆ–œ่พบใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™.
18:31
"Hypotenuse", okay?
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ใ€Œๆ–œ่พบใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
18:34
You use that to calculate.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:36
Now, when we're talking about triangles, or really any shape, like we can...
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒไธ‰่ง’ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŸใกใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขใงใ‚‚...
18:40
A rectangle in a box, in a rhombus, etc., we have angles and when you're talking about...
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็ฎฑใฎไธญใฎ้•ทๆ–นๅฝขใ€ใฒใ—ๅฝขใชใฉใ€็ง ใŸใกใฏ่ง’ๅบฆใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
18:46
When we talk about angles we're talking about degrees.
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ใจใ... ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ่ง’ๅบฆ ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:49
So, a circle is 360 degrees.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ††ใฏ 360 ๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚
18:53
Now, if I have just a straight line, that's basically like the diameter of a circle.
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็›ด็ทšใ ใ‘ใ ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅ††ใฎ็›ดๅพ„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
18:59
If you think of this as a circle, this is the diameter, so it's 180 degrees for a straight line.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ††ใซไพ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจ ็›ดๅพ„ใชใฎใงใ€็›ด็ทšใ ใจ180ๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚
19:05
So we have 360, 180, and then we have 90.
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360ใ€180ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ 90 ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:11
So when you have a line, when you have a square, when you have a straight line and another
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€็›ด็ทšใจใใฎ
19:16
straight line directly on top of it making a square, a right angle,
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ไธŠ ใซ็›ด่ง’ใฎๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ็›ด็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
19:21
we call this a "perpendicular" line.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€Œๅž‚็›ดใ€็ทšใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
19:23
This line is standing perpendicular to this line.
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ใ“ใฎ็ทšใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎ็ทšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅž‚็›ดใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
19:28
We're going to get back to that in a second.
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ใ™ใใซใใ‚Œใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:30
Now, let's look at some other angles.
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ใงใฏใ€ ไป–ใฎ่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:33
If you have an angle that is less than 90 degrees...
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่ง’ๅบฆ ใŒ 90 ๅบฆๆœชๆบ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ...
19:37
Okay?
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19:37
I hope you can sort of see it in this diagram.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ›ณ
ใงใŠๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:40
Less than 90 degrees it's an "acute angle", "acute".
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90ๅบฆๆœชๆบ€ ใฏใ€Œ้‹ญ่ง’ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹ญ่ง’ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:45
Not "cute", "acute".
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ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€Œ้‹ญใ„ใ€ใ€‚
19:47
Angle, sorry, not a good one.
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่ง’ๅบฆใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:49
If you have...
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ใ‚ใ‚‹
19:50
If you have an angle that is more than 90 degrees we call this an "obtuse", "obtuse angle".
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ๅ ดๅˆ... ่ง’ๅบฆใŒ 90 ๅบฆใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ้ˆ่ง’ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ˆ่ง’ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
19:58
And then if you have an angle that's more than 180, so for example if I'm measuring
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ใใ—ใฆใ€180 ๅบฆใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹่ง’ๅบฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
20:03
thing angle, it's more than 180 degrees, that's a "reflex angle".
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็‰ฉไฝ“ใฎ่ง’ๅบฆใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ 180 ๅบฆใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅๅฐ„่ง’ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:09
So you have all these different angles to work with.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ่ง’ๅบฆใงไฝœๆฅญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:11
Again, very important for those of you who are doing geometry and whatnot to know the
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆใชใฉใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆ
20:16
names of these angles.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ง’ๅบฆใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
20:17
Now, here we have a perpendicular line, means straight at 90 degrees or at a right angle
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅž‚็›ด็ทšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ 90 ๅบฆใฎ็›ด็ทšใ€ใพใŸใฏ
20:23
to another line.
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ๅˆฅใฎ็ทšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็›ด่ง’ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:25
If it's not at a 90 degree angle, then it's on a "diagonal".
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่ง’ๅบฆใŒ 90 ๅบฆใงใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฏพ่ง’็ทšใ€ไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:29
So, diagonal is less or more than 90 degrees, it depends which way you're looking at it.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฏพ่ง’็ทšใŒ 90 ๅบฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‹ๅคงใใ„ ใ‹ใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:36
Now, one last thing here, if you're looking at graphs...
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ...
20:40
Like, I'm not going to get into the details of the math here, but these two lines, they
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใฏ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ็ทš
20:45
intersect at this point, this is, like, usually the zero point base, whatever, at this point
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ใฏใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงไบคๅทฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธ ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญ็‚นใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็‚น
20:51
they intersect, cross.
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ใงไบคๅทฎใ—ใ€ไบคๅทฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:54
Now, generally this is the "x axis", this is the "y axis", and in this graph you have two axes.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œx ่ปธใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œy ่ปธใ€ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ่ปธใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:03
Singular: "axis", plural: "axes".
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝข: ใ€Œ่ปธใ€ใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝข: ใ€Œ่ปธใ€ใ€‚
21:07
Okay?
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21:07
So you know these lines.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กŒใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:08
And finally we have "parallel lines".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ ใ€Œๅนณ่กŒ็ทšใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:11
Parallel lines are two lines that go in the same direction, but will never meet.
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ๅนณ่กŒ็ทšใจใฏ ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใŒไบคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ 2 ๆœฌใฎ็ทšใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:16
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:17
So there's an equal distance between them, and that equal distance between them continues forever.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้–“ใซใฏ็ญ‰่ท้›ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“ใฎ็ญ‰่ท้›ขใฏๆฐธ้ ใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:21
They're running along the same direction, the same track apart from each other, they
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๅ‘ใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€ไบ’ใ„ใซ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅŒใ˜้“
21:26
will never meet.
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ใ‚’่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅ‡บไผšใ†ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„.
21:27
Okay, so I think we've covered basically everything on this here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ™ในใฆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:32
Now, before I finish, I just want to say one thing:
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 1 ใคใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
21:35
I have just scratched the surface of math in this lesson.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎ่กจ้ขใ‚’ใชใžใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:40
I know math is huge, it's a huge field, I don't pretend to know even a bit about it,
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็งใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใŒๅทจๅคงใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅทจๅคงใชๅˆ†้‡Žใงใ™ใ€็ง ใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
21:47
but I wanted to give this to you as a starting point.
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ใŒ ใ€ๅ‡บ็™บ็‚นใจใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ.
21:50
From here you can go on and do whatever math you do, whatever specialty you have.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅฐ‚้–€ๅˆ†้‡Žใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:55
If you need to get into more...
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
21:57
Like in more depth, more detailed math, you're going to have to look that up on your own
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
22:01
because, again, I'm not going to be very helpful with the math part of it.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ชฟในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ€‚
22:06
When you go to the forum at www.engvid.com to ask questions, please don't ask me any math questions.
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www.engvid.com ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็งใซๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:11
You can ask me about words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:12
Don't ask me to do any equations or anything like that.
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ๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใชใฉใ‚’็งใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
22:16
Calculus, forget it; algebra, geometry, trigonometry, whatever.
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ๅพฎ็ฉๅˆ†ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฃๆ•ฐใ€ ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆใ€ไธ‰่ง’ๆณ•ใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
22:22
Here are your basics. Okay?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŸบๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
22:23
If you have any questions, though, of course do come to the engVid forum and ask them.
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่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ engVid ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:28
There's also going to be a quiz where you can practice with some of these words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:33
If you like this video, and I hope you did, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:38
And again, I hope you enjoyed it and I'll see you again soon.
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ใพใŸ ใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:42
Bye-bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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