Schwa - the BEST vowel sound in English

136,027 views ใƒป 2021-09-14

Accent's Way English with Hadar


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey everyone, it's Hadar.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€Hadarใงใ™ใ€‚
00:01
Thank you so much for joining me.
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ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:03
Today we are going to talk about the schwa.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
We're going to talk about what is the schwa, how to pronounce
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
00:09
it, and why it is so important.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™.
00:12
Then we're going to talk about why it is so freaking hard for non-native speakers
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ๆฌกใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใชใ„ไบบใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎ
00:17
of English to understand how to use the schwa, and to use it consistently.
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ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ— ใ€ไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™.
00:21
Afterwards, I'm going to give you a few tips on how to identify when to
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€
00:27
use the schwa, and how to use it.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€ใใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
And finally, we are going to practice it together in words.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใงไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
Now, if you've been following me for a while, you know I
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใŒ
00:36
always talk about the schwa.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
00:37
I think I have the schwa obsession - schwasession.
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็งใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎๅผท่ฟซ่ฆณๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ -ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏ
00:41
And maybe you know everything that you need to know about the schwa, but I really
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ใ™ในใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€
00:47
wanted to make this video for people who are new to my channel, that need a clear
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใ€ ็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซๅˆใ‚ใฆๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€
00:55
and concise explanation about the schwa.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใคใ„ใฆๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใค็ฐกๆฝ”ใช่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:57
So this is why I'm creating this video.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
01:00
And I wanted it to be the clearest explanation on YouTube.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ YouTube ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Ž็ขบใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
Now, I know it's very ambitious, but if we do not have ambition,
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้žๅธธใซ้‡Žๅฟƒ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŸใกใŒ้‡Žๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:08
what do we have in life?
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็งใŸใกใฎไบบ็”Ÿใซไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:10
So, if you're new to my channel, by the way, my name is Hadar.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ Hadar ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:13
I'm a speech and fluency coach.
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็งใฏใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใจๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
01:15
And I'm here to help you speak English with clarity, confidence, and freedom.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜Žๅฟซใง่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‡ช็”ฑใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ‰‹ๅŠฉใ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ .
01:21
I'm a non-native speaker of English myself.
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็ง่‡ช่บซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:23
And if you want to find out more about me and how I can help
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็งใฎใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ”ฏๆดใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:27
you, then go to my website at hadarshemesh.com, or come and follow
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (hadarshemesh.com) ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€
01:33
me on Instagram at @hadar.accentsway.
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Instagram (@hadar.accentsway) ใง็งใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:36
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:38
Are you ready for the schwa?
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:40
Because I am.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰็งใฏใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:41
Let's get started.
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ใ€‚
01:42
Let's begin with the definition of the schwa.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎๅฎš็พฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:45
The schwa is the most neutral vowel sound in English.
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schwa ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใช ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:49
And to produce it, you basically need to do nothing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:54
You want to relax your jaw, relax your lips, relax your tongue, and
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ใ‚ใ”ใ‚’ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ•ใ›ใ€ ๅ”‡ใ‚’ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ•ใ›ใ€่ˆŒใ‚’ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ•ใ›ใ€
01:58
release a very short, quick sound: 'uh'
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้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ็ด ๆ—ฉใ„้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”พใกใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:05
That's it, do it again with me.
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ใ€‚
02:08
'uh'.
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
02:11
If you're struggling with the pronunciation or you're not sure if
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็™บ้Ÿณใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‹ ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:14
it's the right pronunciation, try to pronounce the consonant cluster 'KG'.
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ใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณใฎใ‹ใŸใพใ‚Šใ€ŒKGใ€ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:22
So it's a K and a G - KG.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€K ใจ G - KG ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:25
Try to connect them together.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:26
'KG'.
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'KG'ใ€‚
02:27
That sound in the middle, between the K and the G is the schwa.
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K ใจ G ใฎ้–“ใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎ้Ÿณใฏ schwa ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
It's a very, very small, tiny, sweet little sound that exists in
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไป–ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใใ€ๅฐใ•ใใ€ ็”˜ใ„ๅฐใ•ใช้Ÿณใงใ™
02:39
almost every other word in English.
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ใ€‚
02:42
Yes.
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02:42
The schwa is the most frequent vowel sound in American English,
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
02:46
and it exists in almost every other word in English, especially in
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ไป–ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใ€็‰นใซ
02:51
words with two syllables and more.
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2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ไปฅไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
It is not a traditional conventional vowel sound.
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ไผ็ตฑ็š„ใชๅพ“ๆฅ ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:57
No, the schwa, the schwa has its own style.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใฏ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
Because it's a reduced vowel sound, and it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸ้Ÿณใงใ€ ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ—ใ‹็พใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
And I'm going to come back to it in a minute.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:11
But again, remember that it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ—ใ‹็พใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:15
So basically, it's not a real vowel, but a reduction of all the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใงใฏใชใ ใ€
03:19
other vowels in English, if they appear in unstressed syllables.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œ
03:26
And we're going to talk about how do identify those unstressed
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ใฆใ„ใชใ„
03:29
syllables in a second, but I just need you to understand just that.
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
And this is why it's so freaking confusing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ้žๅธธใซๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
Because the schwa doesn't have a specific spelling pattern, like
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schwa ใซใฏใ€
03:42
the 'a' as in 'cat', for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œcatใ€ใฎใ€Œaใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
The 'a' as in 'cat' usually appears when the word is spelled with the letter A.
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'cat' ใฎ 'a' ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใŒๆ–‡ๅญ— A ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚A
03:50
Now, not every time you see the A letter it means that it's the 'a' sound.
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ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ 'a' ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:55
But when you hear the 'a' sound, it would usually have the A in it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใใจใใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€A ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
Because the schwa can be represented with any vowel letter there is.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏ ใฉใ‚“ใชๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใ‚‚่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
For example, A as in 'about', O as in 'melody', I as in 'holiday', U as
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€A ใฏใ€Œaboutใ€ใ€O ใฏใ€Œ melodyใ€ใ€I ใฏใ€Œholidayใ€ใ€U ใฏใ€Œ
04:16
in 'focus', and E as in 'manager'.
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focusใ€ใ€E ใฏใ€Œmanagerใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
04:21
And it's not only that, but it could also be a combination of vowel letters.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Like 'station', for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ้ง…ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
04:28
So, we can't look at the word and say, "Oh, this is a schwa
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
04:33
because of the spelling".
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒผใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:35
And by the way, this is what causes so many spelling challenges for
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
04:40
both native and non-native speakers.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจ้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไธกๆ–นใซ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
Because what you hear is not what you read.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชญใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:45
So we established that the schwa is a neutral vowel sound, and
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใชๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:49
this is how it sounds - 'uh'.
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ใ€‚
04:51
We also agreed that it's not a regular vowel letter, but a reduction of a vowel.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ ๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:55
It's a reduced vowel, and it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๅผท ๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใฎใฟ็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
And we also agreed that the schwa doesn't have a specific spelling
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ใพใŸใ€schwa ใซใฏใ€ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซ
05:06
pattern that we can follow.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:08
Now, because there isn't a consistent spelling pattern, what happens is that
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ไธ€่ฒซใ—ใŸ ็ถดใ‚Šใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
05:13
when people don't recognize the schwa or don't know that there should be a schwa
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ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:18
in a certain place, then what they do is that they pronounce the vowel sound
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
05:24
that is associated with a vowel letter.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹้Ÿณใ€‚
05:27
For example, 'mel[o]dy', and 'hol[i]day', and 'stat[io]n'.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œmel[o]dyใ€ใ€ ใ€Œhol[i]dayใ€ใ€ใ€Œstat[io]nใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
Instead of 'mel[ษ™]dy', 'hol[ษ™]day', and 'stat[ษ™]n'.
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ใ€Œmel[ษ™]dyใ€ใ€ ใ€Œhol[ษ™]dayใ€ใ€ใ€Œstat[ษ™]nใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚
05:38
All have the same sound - the schwa sound.
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ใ™ในใฆใŒๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
Now, question is: if you don't use the schwa on a regular basis, and
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
05:48
if this is the first time you are hearing about the schwa, you're
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใฎใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:51
probably not using the schwa.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
05:53
Does that make you a bad English speaker?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไธ‹ๆ‰‹ใช่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:55
Does that mean that your pronunciation is awful?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ็™บ้ŸณใŒใฒใฉใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:58
Absolutely not.
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็ตถๅฏพ้•ใ†ใ€‚
06:00
And you know what?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:01
It doesn't even mean that you are unclear.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธๆ˜Ž็ขบใ ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:04
Because not using the schwa doesn't necessarily take away from your clarity.
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ˜Žๅฟซใ•ใŒๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:10
Think about it.
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06:10
'med[i]c[i]ne' instead of 'med[ษ™]c[ษ™]ne'.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€Œmed[ษ™]c[ษ™]neใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œmed[i]c[i]neใ€ใ€‚
06:14
'med[i]c[i]ne'.
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'่–ฌ'ใ€‚
06:15
The word is still clear.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไธ€
06:17
If you know what the primary stress is, if you know how to pronounce the
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ๆฌกใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€
06:21
vowel sounds in other positions, then you are still going to be 100% clear.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไป–ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ 100% ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
06:27
'mel[o]dy' versus 'mel[ษ™]dy' - still clear.
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'mel[o]dy' ๅฏพ 'mel[ษ™]dy' - ใพใ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:31
And clarity is the most important thing, as long as you are understood,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
06:36
and that you are clear about what you need to say and how to say it.
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่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜Žๅฟซใ•ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™.
06:39
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:40
So, if you are wondering whether or not the schwa sound is going to make
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
06:45
you a lot clearer, the answer is 'no'.
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ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒผใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
06:48
Because putting short vowel sounds instead of the schwa is not something
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็Ÿญใ„ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
06:51
that is going to make you sound unclear.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไธๆ˜Ž็žญใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
06:55
However, the schwa can definitely help with a following.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๆฌกใฎๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
First - listening skills.
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ใพใšใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ€‚
07:01
When you hear the schwa and you're aware of the schwa, it's
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
07:05
much easier to make sense of a certain word or a certain phrase.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
Because the schwa plays a significant role when it comes
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏใ€
07:13
to phrases, not just to words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:15
So, it really helps with listening and knowing what it is that you're listening.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:19
So it doesn't sound like this vague sound that you have no idea what it is.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆผ ็„ถใจใ—ใŸ ้Ÿณใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:23
But knowing what the schwa is and being able to hear it and to
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’
07:27
perceive it on a regular basis, can help improve your confidence
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่žใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€
07:31
while listening to other people.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ็ฌฌ
07:33
Second, it really helps with the pronunciation of very long words.
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ไบŒใซใ€ ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ
07:37
Let's face it - there are a lot of words in English that are very long.
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่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
And sometimes it's hard, and it feels like you're stumbling upon
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ใใ—ใฆๆ™‚ใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้›ฃใ—ใใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ ใซใคใพใšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™
07:47
the pronunciation of a word.
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.
07:49
And knowing how to use the schwa can definitely help with that.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๅ˜่ชžใฎ
07:54
Because you're investing less energy in pronouncing every
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒๆธ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
07:57
single syllable in the word.
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ใ€‚
07:59
It also helps you deliver your message with clarity, and I'm going
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:03
to talk about that in a little bit.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:04
Because it's not only that we reduce certain syllables inside words, we
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ๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
08:10
also reduce words inside phrases, words that are a little less important.
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บๅ†…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ใคใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆๆ€งใฎไฝŽใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:15
Those words, called function words, are reduced to a schwa.
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ๆฉŸ่ƒฝ่ชžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซ็ธฎๅฐใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
For example, instead of saying "for example", I said "fษ™r example".
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œfor exampleใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ€Œfษ™r exampleใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ "
08:24
I turned the 'or' in the word "for" into a schwa - 'fษ™r', to allow
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for" ใฎ "or" ใ‚’ schwa - "fษ™r" ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€
08:30
other words to stick out: 'example'.
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ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ: "example"ใ€‚
08:33
"for example".
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"ไพ‹ใˆใฐ"ใ€‚
08:35
So, knowing and understanding the schwa is not only important for the pronunciation
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
08:39
of specific words, especially long words, it's really helpful when it
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€็‰นใซ้•ทใ„ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹้š›ใซใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
08:44
comes to delivering a clear message.
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.
08:47
And finally, if we want to get fancy, starting to incorporate the
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆดพๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
08:52
schwa more consistently in words and phrases can help your speech sound
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
08:59
more natural, because you'll be investing less energy in pronouncing
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09:02
vowels that don't actually exist.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
09:05
And the schwa is also very soft and mellow and short, and it can
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ ใพใ‚ใ‚„ใ‹ใง็Ÿญใใ€
09:10
definitely help your rhythm in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใซ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
And this is why I'm making the video.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
09:16
And this is why I'm so incredibly passionate about the schwa sound.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซ้žๅธธใซๆƒ…็†ฑใ‚’ๆณจใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
09:20
And now let's talk about when and how to use the schwa.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ใ„ใคใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:25
When we look at a word, we first see that it's divided into syllables.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใพใš ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:29
Syllables are the smallest unit within the word.
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏใ€ ๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใฎๆœ€ๅฐๅ˜ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚
09:32
Now, if this is something that is challenging for you, I talk about
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŒใ„ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
09:36
syllables and primary stress in another video that I'm going to be happy to
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใจไธปใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
09:40
link in the description below, if you still need to work on that as well.
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.
09:45
So, a word is divided into sy-lla-bles.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฏ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:50
A syllable is a small unit within the word, and usually has one vowel sound.
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜ไฝใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ 1 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
09:55
Every word has one and only one primary stress, that's the one
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ ไธปใชๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
09:59
syllable that sticks out the most.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚็›ฎ็ซ‹ใค 1 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:02
'Amazing'.
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'ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„'ใ€‚
10:04
'a-MEY- that's the primary stress - zing'.
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ใ€Œa-MEY- ใใ‚ŒใŒไธปใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใ™ - ใƒใƒณใ‚ฐใ€.
10:09
'a-MEY-zing'.
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ใ€Œa-MEY-zingใ€ใ€‚
10:10
'situation'.
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'ใ‚ทใƒใƒฅใ‚จใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ'ใ€‚
10:11
'si-tu-WEY-shin' - WEY is the primary stress.
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ใ€Œsi-tu-WEY-shinใ€ - WEY ใŒ ไธปใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
10:17
So, when we look at a word, we know that one syllable is the primary stress.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ 1 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒไธป่ฆใชๅผทๅ‹ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:21
That's the first and most important thing that we need to know about a word.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:25
Seriously.
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็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใ€‚
10:26
And then, the rest of the syllables either receive a secondary stress
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏใ€ ไบŒๆฌกๅผทๅ‹ข
10:32
or a weak stress - the schwa.
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ใพใŸใฏๅผฑใ„ๅผทๅ‹ข - ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ (schwa) ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
A secondary stress is a pure vowel sound, we don't reduce it whatsoever.
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ไบŒๆฌกๅผทๅ‹ขใฏ็ด”็ฒ‹ใชๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏไธ€ๅˆ‡ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:41
So we pronounce the vowel fully.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:43
Now, I don't think I need to teach you something about it because I
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ‡ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒˆใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
10:46
want you to know that this would be your default pronunciation, okay?
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ใ€‚
10:51
Your default pronunciation is to pronounce the full vowel.
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ใƒ‡ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒˆใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฏใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:55
Ideally, it's going to be aligned with the actual vowel in English,
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็†ๆƒณ็š„ใซใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใจไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™
11:00
but sometimes we modify the vowel a little bit to bring it closer to the
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ใŒใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ€
11:04
vowels that exist in your language.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใซๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
11:06
So, we want to know how to pronounce the specific vowels, but what I'm trying to
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ
11:11
say - this is not a lesson about vowels - what I'm trying to say is that once you
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่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ - ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ - ็งใŒ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
11:16
identify the primary stress, some of the syllables are going to be pronounced
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ไธปใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ ใฏ
11:21
with full vowels, and some syllables are going to be reduced to a schwa.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆฏ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
For example, if we think of the word 'victory', 'victory', We
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹ๅˆฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹ๅˆฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€
11:33
have three syllables: vic-to-ry.
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vic-to-ry ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:37
The primary stress is 'VIK'.
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ไธปใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใ€ŒVIKใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:43
The second syllable is a reduced vowel, and therefore we pronounce a schwa there.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏๆธ›ๆฏ้Ÿณใช ใฎใงใ€ใใ“ใงใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:48
So even though it's spelled with the letter O, we don't pronounce
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€O ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ใ€O ใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œ
11:51
the O - it's not 'VIK-to-ri', but 'VIK-tuh - schwa - 'VIK-tuh-ri'.
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VIK-to-riใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ VIK-tuh - schwa - VIK-tuh-riใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
And the 'i' at the end is a pure vowel.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œiใ€ใฏ็ด”ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:04
We want to think of it as a secondary stress.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ ไบŒๆฌก็š„ใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจ่€ƒใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
It's not the primary stress and it's not reduced.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธป่ฆใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใฏใชใใ€ ่ปฝๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:08
Let's do it together.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:10
'VIK-tuh-ri'.
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ใ€ŒVIK-tuh-riใ€ใ€‚
12:11
"victory".
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"ๅ‹ๅˆฉ"ใ€‚
12:13
Let's take another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:15
'congratulate'.
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ€ใ€‚
12:17
First, let's identify what the primary stress is.
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ใพใšใ€ไธปใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
12:21
con-GRA-tu-late.
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con-GRA-tu-lateใ€‚
12:24
'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ€‚
12:25
The GRA is the primary stress.
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GRA ใฏไธ€ๆฌกๅฟœๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:28
Now, if intuitively you want to pronounce the full vowel there, you might say
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็›ด่ฆณ็š„ใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
12:32
something like 'cOn-grA-tU-late', right?
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ใ€ŒcOn-grA-tU-lateใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
12:36
Thinking that the letters represent the pronunciation.
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:39
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:40
And O is usually associated with 'o', right?
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Oใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€Œoใ€ใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:43
'cOn-grA-tU-late', or even 'cOn-grA-chU-late',
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'cOn-grA-tU-late' ใพใŸใฏ 'con-grA-chU-late' ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:50
because there is a T there.
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ใใ“ใซ T ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:53
So, the question is - and this is where you'll have to start trusting your
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰่‡ชๅˆ† ใฎ็›ดๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
12:59
intuition - question is: if you reduce the vowel in a syllable that is not
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€
13:05
the primary stress, for example, 'k'n' versus 'kon' - does it still sound okay?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œk'nใ€ใจ ใ€Œkonใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅผทๅ‹ขใงใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ - ใพใ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:13
Think about it.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:14
'[kon]-GRA-djuh-leit' - '[k'n]-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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'[kon]-GRA-djuh-leit' - '[k'n]-GRA-djuh-leit'.
13:19
If it still sounds okay and it doesn't mess up the pronunciation
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใชใ่žใ“ใˆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ ็™บ้ŸณใŒๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
13:23
of the word, it probably means that it's a schwa and you can reduce it.
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
13:28
k'n, k'n.
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ใ‹ใ‚“ใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:29
'k'n-GRA'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRAใ€ใ€‚
13:31
Then we have the 'chu', right?
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚…ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:34
'k'n-GRA-chu'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-chuใ€ใ€‚
13:36
Now, this is me telling you, it's actually a 'dj' sound.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œdjใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:41
Right?
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13:41
But there is the letter U - k'n-GRA-dju-leit.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ U - k'n-GRA-dju-leit ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
Now intuitively, you want to put the 'oo' sound cause it's there in the spelling.
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็›ด่ฆณ็š„ใซใ€ใ€Œooใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:50
But what happens if we reduce it?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
13:52
Does it really mess up the pronunciation?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:55
'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ€‚
14:03
Does that make sense?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:04
Can you reduce it?
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ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:05
If the answer is yes, you can reduce it and it doesn't mess up the pronunciation
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็ญ”ใˆใŒใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ€็™บ้ŸณใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉๆททไนฑใ—ใชใ„ใŸใ‚
14:09
so much, it's probably a schwa.
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ™ใ€‚
14:11
'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ€‚
14:12
And yes, it is the schwa.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ™ใ€‚
14:14
What about the last syllable - 'late'?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€Œlateใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:17
Let's try to reduce that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:19
'k'n-GRA-djuh-[l't]'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-[l't]ใ€ใ€‚
14:25
Now, this feels a little weird.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:27
And I hope it does to you, too.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:30
'k'n-GRA-djuh-l't'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-l'tใ€ใ€‚
14:32
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
14:33
All of a sudden, it doesn't feel like the word that we're familiar with.
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็ช็„ถใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ…ฃใ‚Œ่ฆชใ—ใ‚“ใ ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:36
So, turning 'kon-GRA-djuh-leit' to 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' doesn't
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œkon-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ k'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
14:41
change the word so much.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:43
But turning 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' to 'k'n-GRA-djuh-l't'
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' ใ‚’ 'k'n-GRA-djuh-l't' ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:47
actually changes the word.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ˜่ชžใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:49
It doesn't seem right.
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ๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:51
And this is because of a fact that the 'late' at the end is a pure vowel.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆœซๅฐพใฎใ€Œlateใ€ใŒ็ด”ๆฏ้Ÿณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:56
It's a secondary stress, and it can not be reduced to a schwa.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไบŒๆฌก็š„ใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซ้‚„ๅ…ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:59
'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ€‚
15:01
"congratulate".
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ใ€ŒใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ€ใ€‚
15:03
So what am I saying here, really?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:04
Because I'm not expecting you to start analyzing every word before using it.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆžใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:10
What I'm saying is, I first want you to understand the method and the system.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใพใš ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:15
Because when you understand that some syllables are fully pronounced
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซ
15:20
higher, louder in pitch, longer, that's the primary stress.
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้ซ˜ใใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒๅคงใใใ€้•ทใ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒไธปใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:24
And these vowel sounds cannot be reduced.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:26
But then the rest of the syllables, some are more important, and that
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
15:29
would be your default pronunciation, the pronunciation of a full vowel.
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ใƒ‡ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒซใƒˆใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๅ…จๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:33
And others can be reduced.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฏๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:36
You don't have to pronounce the full vowel.
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ๅ…จๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:38
And like I said, esspecially in long words.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็‰นใซ้•ทใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€‚
15:41
Right?
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15:41
So, if you don't have to pronounce it, when you start reducing it, all
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
15:46
of a sudden you invest less energy, and the rhythm starts changing.
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็ช็„ถใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎๆถˆ่ฒปใŒๆธ›ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:52
Instead of 'kon-GRA-chu-leit' - 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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ใ€Œkon-GRA-chu-leitใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ - ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ใ€‚
15:57
'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' - short-long-short-medium.
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ใ€Œk'n-GRA-djuh-leitใ€ - ็Ÿญ-้•ท-็Ÿญ-ไธญใ€‚
16:03
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
16:04
Let's look at another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:06
"hospital".
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"็—…้™ข"ใ€‚
16:09
Now, if I were to read it phonetically, I would probably
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ไปŠใ€็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ ้Ÿณๅฃฐ็š„ใซ่ชญใ‚€ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
16:12
say something like 'hOs-pi-tal'.
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ใ€ŒhOs-pi-talใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
16:15
And maybe this is how you're pronouncing it.
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ใใ—ใฆๅคšๅˆ†ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:17
And by the way, if you say 'hOs-pi-tal', people are probably
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ€ŒhOs-pi-talใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไบบใ€…ใฏ
16:20
going to still understand you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:23
However, let's take the word "hospital", and see if we can improve
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œ็—…้™ขใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆด—็ทดใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
16:27
and refine the pronunciation here.
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.
16:29
So first, let's identify the primary stress.
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ใพใšใ€ไธ€ๆฌกๅฟœๅŠ›ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
16:32
In this case, it's the first syllable - HAA.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ HAA ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:35
The O is the AA as in "father ", pronounced with a
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O ใฏ "father" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช AA ใง ใ€ๅพŒใ‚ใซ้–‹ใ„ใŸๆฏ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
16:38
back open vowel sound: HAAS.
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: HAAS.
16:41
Then we have 'pi', right?
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œpiใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:44
But if I reduce it, does it change the quality of the word?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ณชใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
16:48
'HAAS-puh-t'l', 'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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ใ€ŒHAAS-puh-t'lใ€ใ€ใ€ŒHAAS-puh-t'lใ€ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
16:53
Not really, right?
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
16:55
You've heard the word before pronounced this way.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:58
I'm telling you, once you become more aware of the schwa, you'll
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฐ—ใฅใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€
17:00
start hearing it everywhere.
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ใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
17:02
So, 'HAAS-puh'.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚นใƒ—ใƒผใ€ใ€‚
17:04
And then, if you're used to pronouncing it with an 'a' sound - 'tal', 'HAAS-puh-tal',
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ talใ€ใ€ใ€ŒHAAS-puh-talใ€ใชใฉใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
17:11
what happens if you reduce it?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
17:12
'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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ใ€ŒHAAS-puh-t'lใ€ใ€‚
17:14
'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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ใ€ŒHAAS-puh-t'lใ€ใ€‚
17:15
And you can see how it changes the rhythm of the word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:19
"hospital".
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"็—…้™ข"ใ€‚
17:22
So, identifying the primary stress is the most important thing.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€ๆฌกๅฟœๅŠ›ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
17:26
Then, you want to see if the rest of the syllables can be reduced or perhaps
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
17:31
we need to keep the full pronunciation.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:33
By the way, another very effective way to find out if a word has a schwa in it
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒผใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
17:38
or not, is to look it up the dictionary.
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่พžๆ›ธใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:42
Right?
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17:42
And then you'll see this upside down 'ษ™' that represents the schwa sound.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ™้€†ใ•ใพใฎใ€Œษ™ใ€ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
17:48
Now, a lot of people ask me, does it change, does the schwa sound
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€
17:52
change in the pronunciation of words?
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฎ้Ÿณใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
17:56
And to that, I want to say, yes, sometimes, but I don't
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ใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ†่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€
17:59
want you to think about it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
18:01
The idea is to reduce the pronunciation into this very neutral vowel sound - 'uh'.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใชๆฏ้Ÿณ - 'uh'' ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
18:08
Because yes, the schwa is affected by what comes before and what comes after.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏ ๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
18:12
For example, "around" is not going to sound the same to you as "people" - 'uhl'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅ‘จใ‚Šใ€ใฏ ใ€Œไบบใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“-ใ€Œuhlใ€
18:21
- that's the schwa sound before the dark L.
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-ใใ‚Œใฏๆš—ใ„Lใฎๅ‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚Lใฎ
18:23
It's affected by the L, so it doesn't have the same quality as 'uh-round'.
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ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๅ“่ณชใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ไธธใ„ใ€ใ€‚
18:29
And even here, sometimes I might anticipate the R sound - 'uh-round',
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€… R ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไบˆๆƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
18:33
and the schwa is going to be affected.
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ใ€‚
18:35
And that might be different than "holiday".
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ€ใจใฏ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:38
'ho-luh' - 'uh', that sounds a little more neutral.
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'ho-luh' - 'uh' ใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
18:42
So yes, the schwa is influenced by what comes before and what comes after.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏ ๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
18:46
But for our purposes right now, you want to always reach this very neutral 'uh'
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฎ็งใŸใกใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅธธใซใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใชใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
18:51
sound, that I sometimes like to respell with UH, cause it's like this 'uh' that
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18:59
people think about when they're trying to come up with something to say: "Uh...
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ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“โ€ฆ
19:05
let me think about it", but very reduced.
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่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๆธ›ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:08
Now, I also mentioned that we don't only use the schwa in
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
19:11
words, but also in phrases, and in particular, in function words.
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ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ€ ็‰นใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝ่ชžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:18
So, a sentence is comprised of more important words and less important words.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฏ ้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใจ้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎไฝŽใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
19:23
Content words - nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; and function words.
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ๅ†…ๅฎน่ชž - ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝ่ชžใ€‚
19:27
Function words are all the small grammatical words, like prepositions,
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ๆฉŸ่ƒฝ่ชžใฏใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€
19:32
and articles, and determiners, and all the 'on-in-at', 'could, would, should',
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ๅ† ่ฉžใ€้™ๅฎš่ฉžใชใฉใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ ใ€Œon-in-atใ€ใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€wouldใ€shouldใ€ใ€
19:37
'am, is, are', that we add between words.
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ใ€Œamใ€isใ€areใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ .
19:40
Those words, when they're unstressed, they're usually reduced to a schwa.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:44
"What do you" - 'wadaya'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ - ใ€Œใƒฏใƒ€ใƒคใ€ใ€‚
19:48
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
19:49
So it's not "what do you", I'm not pronouncing the full vowels.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€ ๅ…จๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:52
So I'm reducing the vowel to a schwa because the entire word
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ๅ˜่ชžๅ…จไฝ“ใฎ
19:57
is a little less important.
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้‡่ฆๆ€งใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝŽใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ schwa ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:59
I'm mentioning it really briefly because: A) I have a bunch of videos teaching you
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A) ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
20:04
that, and I'm going to link to them in the description below; and B) because I
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ใ€‚ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ B)
20:09
want you to understand that the schwa is not just this something that we use in
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ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏ ๅ˜ใซ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ
20:13
words, but it has a big part in American intonation, and rhythm, and stress.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซๅคงใใชๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:20
And it's not that you need to use it all the time, but recognizing that it exists
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ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€
20:26
can truly make your life a lot easier.
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็”ŸๆดปใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:29
And in particular, your English and your English practice.
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็‰นใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชž ใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:34
Okay.
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20:34
So now let's practice it together.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:36
I'm going to say a word, and you are going to guess where the schwa is.
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็งใŒไธ€่จ€่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:42
Try to hear it, and you can even write it down.
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่žใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:45
campus
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚น
20:54
possibility
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
21:03
procedure
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ๆ‰‹้ †
21:11
atmosphere
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้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—
21:21
communicate
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้€šไฟก
21:29
cafeteria
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ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ข
21:37
lemon
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ใƒฌใƒขใƒณ ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฝใƒŠใƒซ
21:46
personal
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21:52
Okay, that's it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:53
Thank you so much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:55
If you enjoyed this video and you learned something new, I would really
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
21:59
appreciate it if you could like this video and even share it with your friends.
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ใ“ใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ 
22:04
And if you haven't subscribed to my channel yet, then now is the time.
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็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไปŠใŒใใฎๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏŽ้€ฑใ€
22:08
Because I release a video about something related to pronunciation,
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็™บ้Ÿณใ€
22:12
confidence, intonation, fun English practice every single week.
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่‡ชไฟกใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:18
Thank you so much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:19
And if you want to put what you've learned into practice, write down
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’ๅซใ‚€
22:23
in the comments at least three words that have at least one schwa in them.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 3 ใคใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
22:30
Are you ready for the challenge?
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ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:31
I'm going to be in the comments, checking your answers.
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ— ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:34
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
22:35
Have a beautiful, beautiful day.
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็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€็พŽใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€‚
22:36
And I'll see you next week in the next video.
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ใพใŸ ๆฅ้€ฑใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:40
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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