Schwa - the BEST vowel sound in English

129,405 views ・ 2021-09-14

Accent's Way English with Hadar


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hey everyone, it's Hadar.
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Thank you so much for joining me.
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Today we are going to talk about the schwa.
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We're going to talk about what is the schwa, how to pronounce
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it, and why it is so important.
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Then we're going to talk about why it is so freaking hard for non-native speakers
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of English to understand how to use the schwa, and to use it consistently.
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Afterwards, I'm going to give you a few tips on how to identify when to
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use the schwa, and how to use it.
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And finally, we are going to practice it together in words.
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Now, if you've been following me for a while, you know I
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always talk about the schwa.
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I think I have the schwa obsession - schwasession.
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And maybe you know everything that you need to know about the schwa, but I really
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wanted to make this video for people who are new to my channel, that need a clear
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and concise explanation about the schwa.
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So this is why I'm creating this video.
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And I wanted it to be the clearest explanation on YouTube.
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Now, I know it's very ambitious, but if we do not have ambition,
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what do we have in life?
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So, if you're new to my channel, by the way, my name is Hadar.
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I'm a speech and fluency coach.
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And I'm here to help you speak English with clarity, confidence, and freedom.
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I'm a non-native speaker of English myself.
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And if you want to find out more about me and how I can help
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you, then go to my website at hadarshemesh.com, or come and follow
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me on Instagram at @hadar.accentsway.
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Okay.
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Are you ready for the schwa?
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Because I am.
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Let's get started.
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Let's begin with the definition of the schwa.
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The schwa is the most neutral vowel sound in English.
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And to produce it, you basically need to do nothing.
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You want to relax your jaw, relax your lips, relax your tongue, and
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release a very short, quick sound: 'uh'
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That's it, do it again with me.
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'uh'.
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If you're struggling with the pronunciation or you're not sure if
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it's the right pronunciation, try to pronounce the consonant cluster 'KG'.
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So it's a K and a G - KG.
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Try to connect them together.
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'KG'.
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That sound in the middle, between the K and the G is the schwa.
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It's a very, very small, tiny, sweet little sound that exists in
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almost every other word in English.
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Yes.
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The schwa is the most frequent vowel sound in American English,
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and it exists in almost every other word in English, especially in
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words with two syllables and more.
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It is not a traditional conventional vowel sound.
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No, the schwa, the schwa has its own style.
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Because it's a reduced vowel sound, and it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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And I'm going to come back to it in a minute.
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But again, remember that it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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So basically, it's not a real vowel, but a reduction of all the
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other vowels in English, if they appear in unstressed syllables.
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And we're going to talk about how do identify those unstressed
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syllables in a second, but I just need you to understand just that.
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And this is why it's so freaking confusing.
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Because the schwa doesn't have a specific spelling pattern, like
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the 'a' as in 'cat', for example.
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The 'a' as in 'cat' usually appears when the word is spelled with the letter A.
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Now, not every time you see the A letter it means that it's the 'a' sound.
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But when you hear the 'a' sound, it would usually have the A in it.
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Because the schwa can be represented with any vowel letter there is.
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For example, A as in 'about', O as in 'melody', I as in 'holiday', U as
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in 'focus', and E as in 'manager'.
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And it's not only that, but it could also be a combination of vowel letters.
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Like 'station', for example.
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So, we can't look at the word and say, "Oh, this is a schwa
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because of the spelling".
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And by the way, this is what causes so many spelling challenges for
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both native and non-native speakers.
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Because what you hear is not what you read.
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Okay.
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So we established that the schwa is a neutral vowel sound, and
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this is how it sounds - 'uh'.
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We also agreed that it's not a regular vowel letter, but a reduction of a vowel.
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It's a reduced vowel, and it only appears in unstressed syllables.
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And we also agreed that the schwa doesn't have a specific spelling
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pattern that we can follow.
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Now, because there isn't a consistent spelling pattern, what happens is that
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when people don't recognize the schwa or don't know that there should be a schwa
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in a certain place, then what they do is that they pronounce the vowel sound
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that is associated with a vowel letter.
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For example, 'mel[o]dy', and 'hol[i]day', and 'stat[io]n'.
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Instead of 'mel[ə]dy', 'hol[ə]day', and 'stat[ə]n'.
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All have the same sound - the schwa sound.
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Now, question is: if you don't use the schwa on a regular basis, and
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if this is the first time you are hearing about the schwa, you're
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probably not using the schwa.
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Does that make you a bad English speaker?
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Does that mean that your pronunciation is awful?
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Absolutely not.
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And you know what?
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It doesn't even mean that you are unclear.
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Because not using the schwa doesn't necessarily take away from your clarity.
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Think about it.
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'med[i]c[i]ne' instead of 'med[ə]c[ə]ne'.
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'med[i]c[i]ne'.
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The word is still clear.
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If you know what the primary stress is, if you know how to pronounce the
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vowel sounds in other positions, then you are still going to be 100% clear.
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'mel[o]dy' versus 'mel[ə]dy' - still clear.
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And clarity is the most important thing, as long as you are understood,
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and that you are clear about what you need to say and how to say it.
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Okay.
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So, if you are wondering whether or not the schwa sound is going to make
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you a lot clearer, the answer is 'no'.
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Because putting short vowel sounds instead of the schwa is not something
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that is going to make you sound unclear.
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However, the schwa can definitely help with a following.
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First - listening skills.
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When you hear the schwa and you're aware of the schwa, it's
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much easier to make sense of a certain word or a certain phrase.
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Because the schwa plays a significant role when it comes
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to phrases, not just to words.
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So, it really helps with listening and knowing what it is that you're listening.
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So it doesn't sound like this vague sound that you have no idea what it is.
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But knowing what the schwa is and being able to hear it and to
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perceive it on a regular basis, can help improve your confidence
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while listening to other people.
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Second, it really helps with the pronunciation of very long words.
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Let's face it - there are a lot of words in English that are very long.
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And sometimes it's hard, and it feels like you're stumbling upon
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the pronunciation of a word.
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And knowing how to use the schwa can definitely help with that.
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Because you're investing less energy in pronouncing every
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single syllable in the word.
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It also helps you deliver your message with clarity, and I'm going
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to talk about that in a little bit.
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Because it's not only that we reduce certain syllables inside words, we
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also reduce words inside phrases, words that are a little less important.
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Those words, called function words, are reduced to a schwa.
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For example, instead of saying "for example", I said "fər example".
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I turned the 'or' in the word "for" into a schwa - 'fər', to allow
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other words to stick out: 'example'.
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"for example".
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So, knowing and understanding the schwa is not only important for the pronunciation
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of specific words, especially long words, it's really helpful when it
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comes to delivering a clear message.
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And finally, if we want to get fancy, starting to incorporate the
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schwa more consistently in words and phrases can help your speech sound
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more natural, because you'll be investing less energy in pronouncing
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vowels that don't actually exist.
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And the schwa is also very soft and mellow and short, and it can
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definitely help your rhythm in English.
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And this is why I'm making the video.
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And this is why I'm so incredibly passionate about the schwa sound.
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And now let's talk about when and how to use the schwa.
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When we look at a word, we first see that it's divided into syllables.
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Syllables are the smallest unit within the word.
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Now, if this is something that is challenging for you, I talk about
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syllables and primary stress in another video that I'm going to be happy to
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link in the description below, if you still need to work on that as well.
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So, a word is divided into sy-lla-bles.
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A syllable is a small unit within the word, and usually has one vowel sound.
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Every word has one and only one primary stress, that's the one
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syllable that sticks out the most.
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'Amazing'.
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'a-MEY- that's the primary stress - zing'.
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'a-MEY-zing'.
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'situation'.
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'si-tu-WEY-shin' - WEY is the primary stress.
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So, when we look at a word, we know that one syllable is the primary stress.
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That's the first and most important thing that we need to know about a word.
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Seriously.
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And then, the rest of the syllables either receive a secondary stress
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or a weak stress - the schwa.
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A secondary stress is a pure vowel sound, we don't reduce it whatsoever.
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So we pronounce the vowel fully.
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Now, I don't think I need to teach you something about it because I
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want you to know that this would be your default pronunciation, okay?
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Your default pronunciation is to pronounce the full vowel.
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Ideally, it's going to be aligned with the actual vowel in English,
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but sometimes we modify the vowel a little bit to bring it closer to the
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vowels that exist in your language.
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So, we want to know how to pronounce the specific vowels, but what I'm trying to
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say - this is not a lesson about vowels - what I'm trying to say is that once you
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identify the primary stress, some of the syllables are going to be pronounced
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with full vowels, and some syllables are going to be reduced to a schwa.
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For example, if we think of the word 'victory', 'victory', We
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have three syllables: vic-to-ry.
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The primary stress is 'VIK'.
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The second syllable is a reduced vowel, and therefore we pronounce a schwa there.
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So even though it's spelled with the letter O, we don't pronounce
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the O - it's not 'VIK-to-ri', but 'VIK-tuh - schwa - 'VIK-tuh-ri'.
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And the 'i' at the end is a pure vowel.
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We want to think of it as a secondary stress.
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It's not the primary stress and it's not reduced.
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Let's do it together.
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'VIK-tuh-ri'.
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"victory".
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Let's take another example.
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'congratulate'.
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First, let's identify what the primary stress is.
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con-GRA-tu-late.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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The GRA is the primary stress.
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Now, if intuitively you want to pronounce the full vowel there, you might say
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something like 'cOn-grA-tU-late', right?
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Thinking that the letters represent the pronunciation.
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Right?
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And O is usually associated with 'o', right?
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'cOn-grA-tU-late', or even 'cOn-grA-chU-late',
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because there is a T there.
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So, the question is - and this is where you'll have to start trusting your
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intuition - question is: if you reduce the vowel in a syllable that is not
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the primary stress, for example, 'k'n' versus 'kon' - does it still sound okay?
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Think about it.
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'[kon]-GRA-djuh-leit' - '[k'n]-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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If it still sounds okay and it doesn't mess up the pronunciation
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of the word, it probably means that it's a schwa and you can reduce it.
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k'n, k'n.
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'k'n-GRA'.
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Then we have the 'chu', right?
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'k'n-GRA-chu'.
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Now, this is me telling you, it's actually a 'dj' sound.
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Right?
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But there is the letter U - k'n-GRA-dju-leit.
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Now intuitively, you want to put the 'oo' sound cause it's there in the spelling.
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But what happens if we reduce it?
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Does it really mess up the pronunciation?
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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Does that make sense?
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Can you reduce it?
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If the answer is yes, you can reduce it and it doesn't mess up the pronunciation
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so much, it's probably a schwa.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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And yes, it is the schwa.
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What about the last syllable - 'late'?
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Let's try to reduce that.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-[l't]'.
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Now, this feels a little weird.
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And I hope it does to you, too.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-l't'.
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Right?
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All of a sudden, it doesn't feel like the word that we're familiar with.
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So, turning 'kon-GRA-djuh-leit' to 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' doesn't
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change the word so much.
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But turning 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' to 'k'n-GRA-djuh-l't'
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actually changes the word.
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It doesn't seem right.
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And this is because of a fact that the 'late' at the end is a pure vowel.
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It's a secondary stress, and it can not be reduced to a schwa.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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"congratulate".
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So what am I saying here, really?
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Because I'm not expecting you to start analyzing every word before using it.
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What I'm saying is, I first want you to understand the method and the system.
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Because when you understand that some syllables are fully pronounced
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higher, louder in pitch, longer, that's the primary stress.
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And these vowel sounds cannot be reduced.
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But then the rest of the syllables, some are more important, and that
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would be your default pronunciation, the pronunciation of a full vowel.
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And others can be reduced.
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You don't have to pronounce the full vowel.
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And like I said, esspecially in long words.
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Right?
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So, if you don't have to pronounce it, when you start reducing it, all
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of a sudden you invest less energy, and the rhythm starts changing.
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Instead of 'kon-GRA-chu-leit' - 'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit'.
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'k'n-GRA-djuh-leit' - short-long-short-medium.
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Right?
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Let's look at another example.
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"hospital".
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Now, if I were to read it phonetically, I would probably
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say something like 'hOs-pi-tal'.
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And maybe this is how you're pronouncing it.
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And by the way, if you say 'hOs-pi-tal', people are probably
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going to still understand you.
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However, let's take the word "hospital", and see if we can improve
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and refine the pronunciation here.
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So first, let's identify the primary stress.
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In this case, it's the first syllable - HAA.
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The O is the AA as in "father ", pronounced with a
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back open vowel sound: HAAS.
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Then we have 'pi', right?
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But if I reduce it, does it change the quality of the word?
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'HAAS-puh-t'l', 'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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Not really, right?
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You've heard the word before pronounced this way.
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I'm telling you, once you become more aware of the schwa, you'll
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start hearing it everywhere.
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So, 'HAAS-puh'.
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And then, if you're used to pronouncing it with an 'a' sound - 'tal', 'HAAS-puh-tal',
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what happens if you reduce it?
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'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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'HAAS-puh-t'l'.
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And you can see how it changes the rhythm of the word.
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"hospital".
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So, identifying the primary stress is the most important thing.
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Then, you want to see if the rest of the syllables can be reduced or perhaps
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we need to keep the full pronunciation.
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By the way, another very effective way to find out if a word has a schwa in it
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or not, is to look it up the dictionary.
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Right?
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And then you'll see this upside down 'ə' that represents the schwa sound.
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Now, a lot of people ask me, does it change, does the schwa sound
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change in the pronunciation of words?
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And to that, I want to say, yes, sometimes, but I don't
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want you to think about it.
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The idea is to reduce the pronunciation into this very neutral vowel sound - 'uh'.
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Because yes, the schwa is affected by what comes before and what comes after.
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For example, "around" is not going to sound the same to you as "people" - 'uhl'
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- that's the schwa sound before the dark L.
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It's affected by the L, so it doesn't have the same quality as 'uh-round'.
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And even here, sometimes I might anticipate the R sound - 'uh-round',
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and the schwa is going to be affected.
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And that might be different than "holiday".
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'ho-luh' - 'uh', that sounds a little more neutral.
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So yes, the schwa is influenced by what comes before and what comes after.
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But for our purposes right now, you want to always reach this very neutral 'uh'
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sound, that I sometimes like to respell with UH, cause it's like this 'uh' that
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people think about when they're trying to come up with something to say: "Uh...
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let me think about it", but very reduced.
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Now, I also mentioned that we don't only use the schwa in
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words, but also in phrases, and in particular, in function words.
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So, a sentence is comprised of more important words and less important words.
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Content words - nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; and function words.
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Function words are all the small grammatical words, like prepositions,
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and articles, and determiners, and all the 'on-in-at', 'could, would, should',
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'am, is, are', that we add between words.
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Those words, when they're unstressed, they're usually reduced to a schwa.
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"What do you" - 'wadaya'.
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Right?
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So it's not "what do you", I'm not pronouncing the full vowels.
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So I'm reducing the vowel to a schwa because the entire word
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is a little less important.
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I'm mentioning it really briefly because: A) I have a bunch of videos teaching you
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that, and I'm going to link to them in the description below; and B) because I
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want you to understand that the schwa is not just this something that we use in
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words, but it has a big part in American intonation, and rhythm, and stress.
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And it's not that you need to use it all the time, but recognizing that it exists
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can truly make your life a lot easier.
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And in particular, your English and your English practice.
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Okay.
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So now let's practice it together.
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I'm going to say a word, and you are going to guess where the schwa is.
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Try to hear it, and you can even write it down.
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campus
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possibility
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procedure
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21:11
atmosphere
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21:21
communicate
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21:29
cafeteria
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21:37
lemon
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personal
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Okay, that's it.
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Thank you so much for watching.
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If you enjoyed this video and you learned something new, I would really
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appreciate it if you could like this video and even share it with your friends.
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And if you haven't subscribed to my channel yet, then now is the time.
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Because I release a video about something related to pronunciation,
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confidence, intonation, fun English practice every single week.
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Thank you so much for watching.
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And if you want to put what you've learned into practice, write down
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in the comments at least three words that have at least one schwa in them.
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Are you ready for the challenge?
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I'm going to be in the comments, checking your answers.
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All right.
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Have a beautiful, beautiful day.
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And I'll see you next week in the next video.
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Bye.
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About this website

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