Can you use REPORTED SPEECH? Grammar Lesson + Examples

401,985 views ใƒป 2022-05-24

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Well hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
0
80
4056
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” mmmEnglish์˜ Emma์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:04
Today'sย lesson is one that you have been requesting
1
4272
2824
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:07
for quite a while so I'm thrilled to be hereย with a brand new
2
7520
3998
๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:11
English lesson for you all about
3
11518
2464
00:14
reported speech.
4
14400
1420
.
00:15
I promise you that onceย you get your head around reported speech
5
15820
4401
๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:20
you are going to love it. It helps us toย tell stories,
6
20221
4052
. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:24
to talk about the past and even to help you confirm information.
7
24273
5418
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
It'sย incredibly important and it's incredibly useful
8
30000
3669
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:33
and that is why you are here today to understandย it,
9
33920
3633
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ 
00:37
to learn how to use it in your fluent accurate English.
10
37824
4121
์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Make sure you head down to theย description, click on the link
11
41945
3138
์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ
00:45
to download the free workbook, the epic workbook thatย I've created
12
45083
4436
๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
to go along with this lesson.
13
49519
1725
.
00:51
You're going to find it so helpful. It has allย the explanations,
14
51515
4498
๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ค๋ช…,
00:56
my bonus tips to help you use reported speech accurately,
15
56013
4326
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ,
01:00
plus some questionsย that will help you to practise everything
16
60339
3838
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:04
that you learn during this lesson which is veryย important.
17
64177
3834
.
01:08
Are you ready to dive in?
18
68228
1421
๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:09
Let's go!
19
69974
944
๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
01:16
So what exactly is reported speech
20
76160
3334
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡
01:19
and when do weย use it?
21
79494
1371
์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:20
In English we use reported speech to say what someone else says
22
80865
4433
์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
01:25
or even what we ourselvesย have said
23
85298
4411
๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:29
and it's sometimes referred to as indirect speech.
24
89899
4200
๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Reported speech, indirect speech,ย they're the same thing.
25
94261
3364
๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Direct speech is the exact words
26
97625
3077
์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์€
01:40
that come out of someone's mouth.
27
100702
1722
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
She saidย "I woke up late this morning."
28
102424
3220
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
That's direct speech. If we wrote down these words,
29
105644
3769
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
01:49
we'd have to useย quotation marks. That's these things,
30
109413
3750
๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
01:53
quotation marks.
31
113163
1701
๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And we'd use quotation marks to show thatย these are the exact
32
114864
3882
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
words that they used when they spoke.
33
118746
2621
.
02:01
But in indirect speech or reported speech,
34
121367
3167
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”
02:04
we have to change some things like verb tense and pronouns
35
124534
4347
๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น
02:08
to show that some time has passedย since the words were
36
128881
3610
๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
02:12
originally spoken between
37
132491
2469
์›๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ
02:14
that time and now when we're retelling this story.
38
134960
3961
์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋ €์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
She said that she had woken up late that morning.
39
138921
3570
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚  ์•„์นจ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
02:22
There are four steps that we need to follow whenย we're reporting
40
142720
4180
์‹ ๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
what someone else said.
41
146900
1787
.
02:28
The first thing is we need to add a reporting verb.
42
148687
3859
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
We needย to change the pronouns, we need to change the time and
43
152708
4772
๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
02:37
the place words and finally, we need toย backshift the tense.
44
157480
6200
์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
All right let's take a closer look at this together.
45
163680
3460
์ž, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
My holiday starts next week!
46
167140
2527
๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:50
Lucky you! We're not going on holiday this year.
47
170372
3153
ํ–‰์šด์•„! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
If I want to retell what theseย people were talking aboutย ย 
48
174080
3360
์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:57
to someone else at another time,
49
177440
2326
02:59
I would need toย use reported speech to do it. This is direct speech.
50
179766
4959
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
My holiday starts next week.
51
184960
2887
๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
But in reported speech, it needs to change to:
52
187847
4086
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
He said or the man said
53
191933
3085
He said ๋˜๋Š” the man said
03:15
that his holiday started the following week.
54
195360
3980
that his holiday started the next week.
03:19
Lucky you! We're not going on holiday this year.
55
199638
3540
ํ–‰์šด์•„! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So in reported speech this changes to she said orย the woman said
56
204160
6215
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
03:30
that they weren't going on holiday that year.
57
210538
3102
๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Throughout this whole video,
58
214240
1771
์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ
03:36
theย speech bubbles are going to show you direct speech.
59
216011
4032
๋งํ’์„ ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ’์„  ์•„๋ž˜์—
03:40
Reported speech is going to be written
60
220043
2735
์ œ๋ณด๋œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
below the speech bubble okay? There's a visual
61
222778
2822
.
03:45
link to follow here.
62
225600
1806
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Let's break it down.
63
227623
1584
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:49
Forย reported speech, first of all, we need to start with a reporting
64
229234
4065
๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์„  ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:53
verb or a reportingย clause.
65
233299
3114
๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
He said or the man said that...
66
236793
3427
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค...
04:01
She said the woman said that.
67
241120
3503
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
What is the reportingย verb in these examples though?
68
244623
4067
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:09
Say.
69
249015
946
๋งํ•˜๋‹ค.
04:10
The most common reporting verbs in English are say and tell.
70
250476
5176
์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” say์™€ tell์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Tellย is a transitive verb so it always needs an object when it's used
71
255652
4915
Tell์€ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
04:20
whereas say doesn't need to have anย object.
72
260567
4149
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ say๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
I've got a really useful lesson that might
73
264960
2628
04:27
help you to jog your memory about these verbsย about say and tell.
74
267588
4676
say ๋ฐ tell์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It's linked up here but I'm going to put it at the end as well
75
272264
3325
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
if you want toย review.
76
275589
1393
.
04:37
Let's look at another example.
77
277145
2022
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
I saw Judy last week.
78
279167
2166
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
04:41
This is direct speech, isn't it?
79
281333
1791
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:43
And we can use indirect speech to report.
80
283124
3013
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
She said that she had seen Judy last week.
81
287200
4359
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Orย she told me that she had seen Judy last week.
82
291857
4281
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
She told me or she said that
83
296880
3809
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:00
butย not she told that or she said me.
84
300987
4991
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
No, no, no.
85
309280
2520
์•„๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ.
05:11
Okay let's go back to the examplesย from before. We need to take
86
311800
3734
์ž, ์ด์ „์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:15
a close look at the pronouns we're using when we change from
87
315534
4040
๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
directย speech to reported speech and in these examples
88
319574
4457
์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:24
my becomes his
89
324031
2949
my๋Š” his๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
05:26
and we becomes they.
90
326980
2955
we๋Š” they๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
We need toย do this to make sure the meaning of the sentence
91
329935
3269
๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:33
stays the same.
92
333204
1534
.
05:35
I know that it's a littleย bit confusing but why don't we compare
93
335040
4113
์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€
05:39
two sentences together so that I can explain it aย little more for you.
94
339153
4036
์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:43
My holiday starts next week.
95
343189
2873
๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
He said that my holiday started theย following week.
96
346960
3315
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Hang on, whose holiday?
97
350709
2047
์ž ๊น๋งŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ํœด์ผ?
05:53
Mine
98
353027
524
๋‚ด๊บผ์•ผ,
05:54
or the man's?
99
354080
1162
๋‚จ์ž๊บผ์•ผ?
05:55
The man is talking about his ownย holiday, not mine,
100
355540
3612
๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:59
so to make sure that the meaning stays the same,
101
359152
3339
์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก
06:02
we have to change theย pronouns in reported speech to reflect that.
102
362491
4367
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
He said that his holidayย started the following week.
103
367440
4560
๊ทธ๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
The third step is to change any time and placeย words.
104
373360
4278
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
So here next week becomes the following week.
105
377638
4690
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And this year becomes that year.
106
382880
3245
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ทธํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
06:26
The first and mostย important thing that you need to remember here
107
386125
3496
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:29
is that the time references need to change inย reported speech.
108
389621
4840
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
So do words like here and there,
109
395003
3299
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ,
06:38
this and that, they all need to change andย we do this to create
110
398320
5203
์ด๊ฒƒ ์ €๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:43
a sense of distance or time passed but it can be a little tricky
111
403523
5767
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:49
to guessย exactly how these words change.
112
409290
3593
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
That's why I've put together a list of typical changes to time
113
413127
4228
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ 
06:57
and toย place words and I've put them into the worksheet
114
417355
4053
์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
that I've created for you.
115
421408
1499
.
07:02
Plus, there are someย practice questions to help test what you know
116
422907
3867
๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:06
and to make sure it sticks in your brain.
117
426774
3114
.
07:09
The lastย thing you need to do is to backshift the tense.
118
429888
4201
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
If you've studied with an English grammar textbookย before,
119
434483
3554
์ด์ „์— ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:18
you might have heard this word and thought
120
438037
2286
์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
07:20
backshift? What is that, what's backshift?
121
440880
3501
๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ, ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ?
07:24
Well kindย of self-explanatory. It means we need to shift the tense
122
444625
4408
์ž๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
back by one degree.
123
449033
1842
.
07:31
So in our examplesย here, the present simple changes
124
451309
4217
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€
07:35
to the past simple
125
455526
1708
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ณ 
07:37
and in this sentence, the present continuousย changes to the
126
457680
4054
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
past continuous.
127
461734
2091
.
07:43
Remembering which tense to use and when is probably
128
463825
3885
์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„
07:47
the trickiestย thing about reported speech
129
467710
2917
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
but don't fear, never fear. I have put all of them into a list forย you
130
470627
5064
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜
07:55
again included in your workbook.
131
475691
2542
์›Œํฌ๋ถ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
I know this might look a little bit intimidating but I'llย show you
132
478233
4001
์กฐ๊ธˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:02
a couple of hacks that will make it easy for you to learn the rules.
133
482234
3702
๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ดํ‚น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
First of all,ย the future tenses are simple.
134
486000
3104
์šฐ์„ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
All of these future tenses in English are formed with
135
489538
2701
์˜์–ด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
08:12
the auxiliaryย verb will and in reported speech all we need to do
136
492239
4641
์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ will๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”
08:16
is shift will to would.
137
496880
2456
will์„ would๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I'll meet you at theย corner in half an hour.
138
499336
2562
30๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋ชจํ‰์ด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
He said that he would meet me at the corner half an hour later.
139
501898
4227
๊ทธ๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋ชจํ‰์ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Willย is simple
140
506125
1646
will์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ
08:28
but we can also form future sentences in English with be going to.
141
508157
5690
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ be going to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So in this case weย need to shift am, is or are
142
514064
5105
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ am, is ๋˜๋Š” are๋ฅผ
08:39
back to was or were.
143
519630
2135
was ๋˜๋Š” were๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
We're going to the movies tonight.
144
522080
1940
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
They saidย that they were going to the movies that night.
145
524291
2700
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Look at that! We've already crossed fiveย tenses off that list.
146
527604
4776
์ €๊ฒƒ ๋ด! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Now we're left with the present tense and the past tenses
147
532597
3691
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:56
and I promise it's not as complicated as it looks.
148
536288
3712
๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
We just need to look at the tenses in a slightlyย different way.
149
540480
4399
์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
There are three overarching English tenses, aren't there?
150
544879
3397
์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:08
The past, the present, theย future.
151
548276
2596
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜.
09:10
And within each of these tenses there are four modes.
152
550872
3494
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Say them with me.
153
554366
1377
๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:15
The simple.
154
555743
1126
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Continuous.
155
556869
1583
๋งˆ๋”” ์—†๋Š”.
09:18
Perfect
156
558452
1380
์™„๋ฒฝ
09:19
and perfect continuous.
157
559832
2816
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์—ฐ์†. will๊ณผ be going to์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:22
We can get rid of the future tenses because we'veย already learned
158
562648
3459
์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
about will and be going to.
159
566107
2149
.
09:28
Looking at this chart, it's easy to see how the tensesย will shift.
160
568256
4989
์ด ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
The present tenses all shift back one degree
161
573245
3671
ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:36
to the equivalent tense in the past.
162
576916
2482
.
09:39
The present simple becomes the past simple.
163
579398
2731
๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
These two tenses mirror each other.
164
582400
2574
์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
We live on Elmย street.
165
584974
2095
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Elm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
She said that they lived on Elm street.
166
587069
3057
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด Elm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
For the past tenses it's not quite as simple because
167
590126
3445
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:53
we don't have another column of tenses that can mirror these ones
168
593571
4819
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ด์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:58
but we can still shift back oneย degree.
169
598390
3144
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The past simple becomes the past perfect
170
602130
3661
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:06
and the past continuous becomes the past perfectย continuous.
171
606240
5201
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
I was washing the dishes at the time.
172
611680
2404
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
He said that he had beenย washing the dishes at that time.
173
614640
3600
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And last but not least, the past perfect and theย past
174
618240
3859
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
10:22
perfect continuous, they just stay the same.
175
622099
3613
์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€
10:26
We can't shift them back by one degree becauseย there are no more
176
626240
3401
๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”
10:29
tenses back there to go to right? So they stay the same.
177
629641
3997
? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
There's noย change there.
178
633638
2281
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
I've been listening to music.
179
635919
1686
๋‚˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
She said she had been listening to music.
180
638080
2948
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Now itย can be tricky to remember all of this information but
181
641272
3278
์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:44
don't worry, you're going to find all of itย plus exercises
182
644550
3607
๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:48
and examples to help you practise
183
648157
1927
10:50
in that workbook that I created for you.
184
650480
2284
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šต์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
I keepย talking about how epic this workbook is,
185
652764
2922
์ด ์›Œํฌ๋ถ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
just go and download it. It is so full of great tipsย and little hacks
186
655686
4710
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:00
to help you remember and also
187
660396
2234
11:02
practise everything that we're learning inย this lesson.
188
662630
2860
์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒ๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ์š”๋ น์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Now this wouldn't be an English lesson if there wasn't an exception
189
665490
4799
์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
11:10
right? Thereย are some instances where we
190
670289
3102
?
11:13
don't backshift the tense in reported speech.
191
673391
2953
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
So this happensย when the information that you're reporting is
192
676344
4117
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
current so for example:
193
680461
3167
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
11:23
The company told theirย staff that they're moving offshore.
194
683628
4576
ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
You'll see this form of reported speech used a lot in theย news.
195
688204
3569
๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It's current information, it's happening now.
196
691773
3160
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So the reporting is probably happening reallyย close to the time
197
695150
3915
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:39
that the information was said and this is where you might often
198
699065
3536
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
11:42
seeย some other reporting verbs used, verbs that
199
702601
3556
์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ,
11:46
might be a little more formal like announced or reported.
200
706320
4990
๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And actually, you'll find a list of some of the other reporting
201
711310
3568
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:54
verbs in the workbook.
202
714878
2092
.
11:57
Nowย we don't backshift the tense when the information is ongoing.
203
717729
5101
์ด์ œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ผ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
I love my family.
204
724268
1588
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
She said that sheย loves her family.
205
725856
2872
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
To love something or someone is an ongoing state so we wouldn't
206
728728
4290
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:13
usually change theย tense here
207
733018
2285
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:15
and if you do, it makes it sound like
208
735303
3693
12:18
she loved her family in the past but
209
738996
3673
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
12:22
now sheย doesn't so you really do need to be careful about this.
210
742669
3910
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ.
12:26
If it's an ongoing state or a condition,
211
746579
4603
์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
12:31
we don't move that tense backwards.
212
751182
2539
์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
And we don't backshift when we're reporting something
213
753721
2516
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:36
thatย happened very recently, then we don't need to
214
756237
2965
12:39
change the tense either. For example, if I just gotย off the phone
215
759202
4250
์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ณ 
12:43
and I'm telling you what I heard in a conversation.
216
763452
4371
๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
I'll be about 15 minutes, okay?
217
767823
2417
15๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฒŒ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
12:50
Shah said that he's running late. He'll be here in 15 minutes.
218
770565
3675
Shah๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 15๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
We don't only use reported speechย for statements.
219
774809
3642
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
We can also use them to report questions as well
220
778451
3665
๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
13:02
and this is super useful inย a professional context
221
782116
3796
์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:05
where you're sharing information with customers or with clients
222
785912
4197
13:10
or withย colleagues.
223
790109
1891
.
13:12
There are two types of questions in English, you probably know
224
792000
3768
์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:15
them, I've mentioned themย in several videos before.
225
795768
3024
. ์ด์ „์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
We have closed questions, yes, no questions,
226
798792
3523
ํ์‡„ํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์˜ˆ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์—†์Œ,
13:22
and open questions or sometimesย referred to as WH questions.
227
802667
6031
๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Closed questions, these are questions where the answer can only
228
808915
5171
ํ์‡„ํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:34
be yesย or no like this one.
229
814086
2868
.
13:37
Are you going on holiday?
230
817903
1594
ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”?
13:41
These questions are reported like this.
231
821200
3237
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Heย asked if or whether
232
824437
2545
๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:47
we were going on holiday.
233
827253
1578
.
13:49
So just like in our statements, we need toย start
234
829280
4145
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
13:53
with a reporting clause but this time
235
833425
2500
๋ณด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฌป๋‹ค,
13:56
we need a question reporting verb like ask
236
836320
4214
๋ฌป๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:00
orย inquire or wonder.
237
840832
2789
.
14:03
And instead of that, we're completing the reporting clause
238
843779
4114
๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์„
14:07
with whether orย if.
239
847893
2279
if ๋˜๋Š” if๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Then we need to add the content of the question
240
850389
3023
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ
14:14
but we need to use the word order of aย statement
241
854320
5344
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:19
so that's subject, verb, object.
242
859664
2976
์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์–ด์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Right?
243
863200
841
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
14:24
Now let's think about this for a minuteย because
244
864230
2653
์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:26
in normal speech when we ask a question, we invert
245
866883
4548
์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š”
14:31
the auxiliary verb and the subject, don'tย we?
246
871431
3232
์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
14:34
A normal statement would be subject, verb, object
247
874663
3037
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด
14:38
and that becomes verb, subject, object, right?
248
878080
4850
์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
14:42
Soย we're running late becomes: Are we running late?
249
882930
4643
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
14:48
But in a reported question, we use if or we use whetherย and then
250
888160
6382
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” if ๋˜๋Š” if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ
14:54
the statement word order following.
251
894542
2495
๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„์ˆ  ์–ด์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
He asked if we were running late.
252
897606
3456
๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Subject, verb, object.
253
901713
3173
์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด.
15:05
Let's do another one.
254
905157
1257
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:07
Have you been to Rome before?
255
907065
1998
์ „์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:12
He inquired whether I had been to Romeย previously.
256
912000
5593
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
All the other steps remain exactly the same.
257
917593
3068
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
We add a reporting clause. weย change the pronouns,
258
920661
4127
๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
15:24
we change the time and the place words
259
924788
3086
์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
15:28
and we backshift the tense.
260
928199
3419
, ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
Inย an open question and remember this is a question that starts
261
932133
4234
์—ด๋ฆฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
15:36
with a question word like who, what,ย where, why, when,
262
936367
5749
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์™œ, ์–ธ์ œ,
15:42
which or how.
263
942441
2257
๋ฌด์—‡ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:45
We keep that question word but we switch the verb
264
945430
3497
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:48
and the subjectย around just as we did with the closed question.
265
948927
3478
๋‹ซํžŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
So like this.
266
952640
1124
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ.
15:53
Where are you going on holiday?
267
953764
1626
ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ?
15:56
Becomes: He asked where we were going on holiday.
268
956827
4728
Bes: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
So we have a reporting clause with a questionย word
269
962000
4392
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์ด
16:06
and our question in a statement word order following.
270
966392
4170
์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
All the same rules about changingย the pronouns,
271
970562
3097
๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ,
16:13
the time and place words and the tense, they all still apply.
272
973659
4136
์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์‹œ์ œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
You just followย a slightly different structure.
273
978175
2901
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
Now you have almost made it to the end of this lesson
274
981483
4258
์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
16:25
but I doย want to offer you a couple of bits of bonus advice.
275
985741
4334
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
I really want you to take your reported speechย skills
276
990075
3579
๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
up to the next level
277
993654
1510
16:35
so I want to talk about some other really functional statements
278
995164
3680
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
16:38
inย English that frequently occur in reported speech
279
998844
4628
16:43
like giving advice, explaining instructions,
280
1003680
4502
์กฐ์–ธ ์ œ๊ณต, ์ง€์นจ ์„ค๋ช…,
16:48
making requests or making promises and offers.
281
1008182
4120
์š”์ฒญ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์† ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
All of these important functions inย English, they
282
1012720
2820
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
16:55
often occur in reported speech.
283
1015540
3230
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
Let's look at some examples.
284
1019095
1696
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Youย shouldn't make a promise you can't keep.
285
1021473
2182
์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
So this is a classic piece of advice.
286
1024880
3255
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
And of course,ย we can use the same steps that we learned earlier
287
1028352
4665
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
17:13
to turn this sentence into reported speech.
288
1033360
3199
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
He toldย me that I shouldn't make a promise I couldn't keep.
289
1036559
4357
์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์•ฝ์†์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:21
That is perfectly acceptable and it's correctย English grammar.
290
1041760
4509
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
However, there is another way.
291
1046431
2374
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
He advised me not to makeย a promise I couldn't keep.
292
1049680
3600
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
Let's take a closer look at this structure now.
293
1054410
3493
์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
We can see the verb advise and the object then
294
1057903
5292
๋™์‚ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋‹ค์Œ์— to ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
a to-infinitive and in this case the infinitive isย preceded by not
295
1063195
6662
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:49
because the sentence is negative.
296
1069857
2069
๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ not ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Not to make a promise.
297
1072960
2259
์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ.
17:55
He advised me not to make aย promise.
298
1075978
3263
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
He advised me to study hard for the exam.
299
1080163
3013
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
We use the verbs ask, advise, instruct
300
1084160
3799
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌป๋‹ค, ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค,
18:07
and tell with this pattern when we're giving advice.
301
1087959
3032
๋งํ•˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
Lock the door when you leave.
302
1091680
2046
๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:14
That's an instruction.
303
1094566
2034
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
They instructed me to lock the door when I left.
304
1097120
4021
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
They told me to lock the door when I left.
305
1102008
4425
๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฌธ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
18:26
Or they asked me to lock the door.
306
1106880
3634
๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
All ofย these verbs have similar meanings
307
1110731
2235
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ
18:32
but they are slightly different.
308
1112966
2865
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
Let's look at another one.
309
1116238
1870
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Theย teacher said:
310
1118759
1643
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
Please stack the chairs in the corner.
311
1120402
2942
์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์Œ“์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
18:43
That's a request or an instruction.
312
1123760
3587
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”์ฒญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
The teacherย asked us to stack the chairs in the corner.
313
1128000
4565
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋ชจํ‰์ด์— ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
The teacher instructed us to stack the chairs.
314
1133440
3840
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
Theย teacher told us to stack the chairs.
315
1137280
3531
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
We can use a very similar structure for offers and for promises
316
1140811
4474
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์†์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:05
with the verbs offer and promise with the to-infinitive.
317
1145285
4430
.
19:09
The only difference is that there's noย object.
318
1149932
3378
์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
Do you need help?
319
1153310
1536
๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
19:14
That's an offer, right? So of course, we could say:
320
1154846
3251
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
She asked whether I neededย help but we could also say:
321
1158097
5245
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
She offered to help me.
322
1163342
2611
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
Let's look at a promise now.
323
1166560
2154
์ด์ œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:29
I'll make it up toย you.
324
1169066
1594
๋ณด์ƒํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
He said that he would make it up to me.
325
1170660
2865
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
Or
326
1174203
789
๋˜๋Š”
19:35
he promised to make it up to me.
327
1175600
3043
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
Now the meaning ofย these two sentences are
328
1178643
2967
์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
19:41
similar but the second one is just a little bit more precise
329
1181610
4403
๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
19:46
in the way thatย it retells the information.
330
1186013
3088
์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
Learning to use both of these structures will help to make your
331
1189101
3238
์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด
19:52
Englishย more interesting and it's going to help you to express
332
1192339
3122
์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
19:55
yourself more clearly,
333
1195461
1714
19:57
especially when itย comes to storytelling and writing.
334
1197175
3138
ํŠนํžˆ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง๊ณผ ์ž‘๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ
20:00
So that's it!
335
1200557
1986
!
20:04
I'm wondering if you can use reported speechย to report
336
1204080
3746
๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
20:07
on something that I said during this lesson.
337
1207826
2799
์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
If you can, share that sentence down inย the comments below.
338
1210625
3937
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
20:14
Even though this grammar is a little tricky to get your head around,
339
1214562
3432
์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ
20:17
it reallyย does just take practice. You will be able to do it.
340
1217994
4359
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
The more that you practise, the easier itย will get
341
1222353
3964
์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
and that is exactly why I created the workbook for you
342
1226317
3669
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
20:29
to help you put everythingย you learned into practice
343
1229986
2841
๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
20:32
and make sure it sticks.
344
1232827
1609
ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์›Œํฌ๋ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
So what are you waiting for? Go and grab it!
345
1234880
2728
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€์„œ ์žก์•„!
20:37
Thank you so much for joining me today,
346
1237852
2044
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
I hope you enjoyed the lesson.
347
1239896
1708
์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
Check outย these ones next.
348
1241604
1879
๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
20:43
I'll see you in there!
349
1243483
1161
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ž!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7