Can you use REPORTED SPEECH? Grammar Lesson + Examples

333,304 views ใƒป 2022-05-24

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Well hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” mmmEnglish์˜ Emma์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:04
Today'sย lesson is one that you have been requesting
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:07
for quite a while so I'm thrilled to be hereย with a brand new
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๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:11
English lesson for you all about
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00:14
reported speech.
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.
00:15
I promise you that onceย you get your head around reported speech
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๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:20
you are going to love it. It helps us toย tell stories,
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:24
to talk about the past and even to help you confirm information.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
It'sย incredibly important and it's incredibly useful
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:33
and that is why you are here today to understandย it,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ 
00:37
to learn how to use it in your fluent accurate English.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Make sure you head down to theย description, click on the link
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์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ
00:45
to download the free workbook, the epic workbook thatย I've created
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
to go along with this lesson.
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00:51
You're going to find it so helpful. It has allย the explanations,
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ค๋ช…,
00:56
my bonus tips to help you use reported speech accurately,
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ,
01:00
plus some questionsย that will help you to practise everything
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:04
that you learn during this lesson which is veryย important.
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.
01:08
Are you ready to dive in?
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:09
Let's go!
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๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
01:16
So what exactly is reported speech
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡
01:19
and when do weย use it?
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:20
In English we use reported speech to say what someone else says
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
01:25
or even what we ourselvesย have said
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:29
and it's sometimes referred to as indirect speech.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Reported speech, indirect speech,ย they're the same thing.
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๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Direct speech is the exact words
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์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์€
01:40
that come out of someone's mouth.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
She saidย "I woke up late this morning."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
That's direct speech. If we wrote down these words,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
01:49
we'd have to useย quotation marks. That's these things,
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๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
01:53
quotation marks.
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๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And we'd use quotation marks to show thatย these are the exact
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
words that they used when they spoke.
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.
02:01
But in indirect speech or reported speech,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”
02:04
we have to change some things like verb tense and pronouns
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น
02:08
to show that some time has passedย since the words were
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
02:12
originally spoken between
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์›๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ
02:14
that time and now when we're retelling this story.
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์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋ €์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
She said that she had woken up late that morning.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚  ์•„์นจ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
02:22
There are four steps that we need to follow whenย we're reporting
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์‹ ๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
what someone else said.
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.
02:28
The first thing is we need to add a reporting verb.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
We needย to change the pronouns, we need to change the time and
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
02:37
the place words and finally, we need toย backshift the tense.
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์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
All right let's take a closer look at this together.
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์ž, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
My holiday starts next week!
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๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:50
Lucky you! We're not going on holiday this year.
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ํ–‰์šด์•„! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
If I want to retell what theseย people were talking aboutย ย 
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:57
to someone else at another time,
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02:59
I would need toย use reported speech to do it. This is direct speech.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
My holiday starts next week.
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๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
But in reported speech, it needs to change to:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
He said or the man said
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He said ๋˜๋Š” the man said
03:15
that his holiday started the following week.
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that his holiday started the next week.
03:19
Lucky you! We're not going on holiday this year.
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ํ–‰์šด์•„! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So in reported speech this changes to she said orย the woman said
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
03:30
that they weren't going on holiday that year.
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๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Throughout this whole video,
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์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ
03:36
theย speech bubbles are going to show you direct speech.
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๋งํ’์„ ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ’์„  ์•„๋ž˜์—
03:40
Reported speech is going to be written
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์ œ๋ณด๋œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
below the speech bubble okay? There's a visual
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.
03:45
link to follow here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Let's break it down.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:49
Forย reported speech, first of all, we need to start with a reporting
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๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์„  ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:53
verb or a reportingย clause.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
He said or the man said that...
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค...
04:01
She said the woman said that.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
What is the reportingย verb in these examples though?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:09
Say.
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๋งํ•˜๋‹ค.
04:10
The most common reporting verbs in English are say and tell.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” say์™€ tell์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Tellย is a transitive verb so it always needs an object when it's used
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Tell์€ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
04:20
whereas say doesn't need to have anย object.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ say๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
I've got a really useful lesson that might
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04:27
help you to jog your memory about these verbsย about say and tell.
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say ๋ฐ tell์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It's linked up here but I'm going to put it at the end as well
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
if you want toย review.
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.
04:37
Let's look at another example.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
I saw Judy last week.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
04:41
This is direct speech, isn't it?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:43
And we can use indirect speech to report.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
She said that she had seen Judy last week.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Orย she told me that she had seen Judy last week.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— Judy๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
She told me or she said that
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:00
butย not she told that or she said me.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
No, no, no.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ.
05:11
Okay let's go back to the examplesย from before. We need to take
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์ž, ์ด์ „์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:15
a close look at the pronouns we're using when we change from
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๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
directย speech to reported speech and in these examples
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:24
my becomes his
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my๋Š” his๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
05:26
and we becomes they.
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we๋Š” they๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
We need toย do this to make sure the meaning of the sentence
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:33
stays the same.
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.
05:35
I know that it's a littleย bit confusing but why don't we compare
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€
05:39
two sentences together so that I can explain it aย little more for you.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:43
My holiday starts next week.
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๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
He said that my holiday started theย following week.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Hang on, whose holiday?
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ํœด์ผ?
05:53
Mine
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๋‚ด๊บผ์•ผ,
05:54
or the man's?
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๋‚จ์ž๊บผ์•ผ?
05:55
The man is talking about his ownย holiday, not mine,
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๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:59
so to make sure that the meaning stays the same,
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก
06:02
we have to change theย pronouns in reported speech to reflect that.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
He said that his holidayย started the following week.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
The third step is to change any time and placeย words.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
So here next week becomes the following week.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And this year becomes that year.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ทธํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
06:26
The first and mostย important thing that you need to remember here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:29
is that the time references need to change inย reported speech.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
So do words like here and there,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ,
06:38
this and that, they all need to change andย we do this to create
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์ €๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:43
a sense of distance or time passed but it can be a little tricky
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:49
to guessย exactly how these words change.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
That's why I've put together a list of typical changes to time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ 
06:57
and toย place words and I've put them into the worksheet
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์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
that I've created for you.
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.
07:02
Plus, there are someย practice questions to help test what you know
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๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:06
and to make sure it sticks in your brain.
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.
07:09
The lastย thing you need to do is to backshift the tense.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
If you've studied with an English grammar textbookย before,
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์ด์ „์— ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:18
you might have heard this word and thought
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
07:20
backshift? What is that, what's backshift?
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๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ, ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ?
07:24
Well kindย of self-explanatory. It means we need to shift the tense
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์ž๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
back by one degree.
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.
07:31
So in our examplesย here, the present simple changes
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€
07:35
to the past simple
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ณ 
07:37
and in this sentence, the present continuousย changes to the
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
past continuous.
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.
07:43
Remembering which tense to use and when is probably
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„
07:47
the trickiestย thing about reported speech
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
but don't fear, never fear. I have put all of them into a list forย you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜
07:55
again included in your workbook.
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์›Œํฌ๋ถ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
I know this might look a little bit intimidating but I'llย show you
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:02
a couple of hacks that will make it easy for you to learn the rules.
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ดํ‚น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
First of all,ย the future tenses are simple.
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์šฐ์„ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
All of these future tenses in English are formed with
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์˜์–ด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
08:12
the auxiliaryย verb will and in reported speech all we need to do
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ will๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ํ™”๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”
08:16
is shift will to would.
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will์„ would๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I'll meet you at theย corner in half an hour.
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30๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋ชจํ‰์ด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
He said that he would meet me at the corner half an hour later.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ํ›„์— ๋ชจํ‰์ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Willย is simple
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will์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ
08:28
but we can also form future sentences in English with be going to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ be going to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So in this case weย need to shift am, is or are
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ am, is ๋˜๋Š” are๋ฅผ
08:39
back to was or were.
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was ๋˜๋Š” were๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
We're going to the movies tonight.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
They saidย that they were going to the movies that night.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Look at that! We've already crossed fiveย tenses off that list.
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์ €๊ฒƒ ๋ด! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Now we're left with the present tense and the past tenses
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:56
and I promise it's not as complicated as it looks.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
We just need to look at the tenses in a slightlyย different way.
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
There are three overarching English tenses, aren't there?
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:08
The past, the present, theย future.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜.
09:10
And within each of these tenses there are four modes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Say them with me.
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๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:15
The simple.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Continuous.
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๋งˆ๋”” ์—†๋Š”.
09:18
Perfect
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์™„๋ฒฝ
09:19
and perfect continuous.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์—ฐ์†. will๊ณผ be going to์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:22
We can get rid of the future tenses because we'veย already learned
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
about will and be going to.
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.
09:28
Looking at this chart, it's easy to see how the tensesย will shift.
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์ด ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
The present tenses all shift back one degree
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:36
to the equivalent tense in the past.
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.
09:39
The present simple becomes the past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
These two tenses mirror each other.
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
We live on Elmย street.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Elm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
She said that they lived on Elm street.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด Elm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
For the past tenses it's not quite as simple because
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:53
we don't have another column of tenses that can mirror these ones
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ด์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:58
but we can still shift back oneย degree.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The past simple becomes the past perfect
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:06
and the past continuous becomes the past perfectย continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
I was washing the dishes at the time.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
He said that he had beenย washing the dishes at that time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And last but not least, the past perfect and theย past
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
10:22
perfect continuous, they just stay the same.
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์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€
10:26
We can't shift them back by one degree becauseย there are no more
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 1๋„ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”
10:29
tenses back there to go to right? So they stay the same.
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? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
There's noย change there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
I've been listening to music.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
She said she had been listening to music.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Now itย can be tricky to remember all of this information but
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:44
don't worry, you're going to find all of itย plus exercises
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:48
and examples to help you practise
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10:50
in that workbook that I created for you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šต์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
I keepย talking about how epic this workbook is,
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์ด ์›Œํฌ๋ถ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
just go and download it. It is so full of great tipsย and little hacks
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:00
to help you remember and also
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11:02
practise everything that we're learning inย this lesson.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒ๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ์š”๋ น์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Now this wouldn't be an English lesson if there wasn't an exception
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์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
11:10
right? Thereย are some instances where we
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?
11:13
don't backshift the tense in reported speech.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
So this happensย when the information that you're reporting is
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
current so for example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
11:23
The company told theirย staff that they're moving offshore.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
You'll see this form of reported speech used a lot in theย news.
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๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It's current information, it's happening now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So the reporting is probably happening reallyย close to the time
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:39
that the information was said and this is where you might often
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
11:42
seeย some other reporting verbs used, verbs that
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ,
11:46
might be a little more formal like announced or reported.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And actually, you'll find a list of some of the other reporting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:54
verbs in the workbook.
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.
11:57
Nowย we don't backshift the tense when the information is ongoing.
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์ด์ œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ผ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
I love my family.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
She said that sheย loves her family.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
To love something or someone is an ongoing state so we wouldn't
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:13
usually change theย tense here
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:15
and if you do, it makes it sound like
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12:18
she loved her family in the past but
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
12:22
now sheย doesn't so you really do need to be careful about this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ.
12:26
If it's an ongoing state or a condition,
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
12:31
we don't move that tense backwards.
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
And we don't backshift when we're reporting something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
12:36
thatย happened very recently, then we don't need to
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12:39
change the tense either. For example, if I just gotย off the phone
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ณ 
12:43
and I'm telling you what I heard in a conversation.
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๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
I'll be about 15 minutes, okay?
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15๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฒŒ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
12:50
Shah said that he's running late. He'll be here in 15 minutes.
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Shah๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 15๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
We don't only use reported speechย for statements.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
We can also use them to report questions as well
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
13:02
and this is super useful inย a professional context
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:05
where you're sharing information with customers or with clients
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13:10
or withย colleagues.
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.
13:12
There are two types of questions in English, you probably know
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:15
them, I've mentioned themย in several videos before.
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. ์ด์ „์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
We have closed questions, yes, no questions,
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ํ์‡„ํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์˜ˆ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์—†์Œ,
13:22
and open questions or sometimesย referred to as WH questions.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Closed questions, these are questions where the answer can only
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ํ์‡„ํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:34
be yesย or no like this one.
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.
13:37
Are you going on holiday?
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ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”?
13:41
These questions are reported like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Heย asked if or whether
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:47
we were going on holiday.
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.
13:49
So just like in our statements, we need toย start
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
13:53
with a reporting clause but this time
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฌป๋‹ค,
13:56
we need a question reporting verb like ask
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๋ฌป๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:00
orย inquire or wonder.
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.
14:03
And instead of that, we're completing the reporting clause
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์„
14:07
with whether orย if.
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if ๋˜๋Š” if๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Then we need to add the content of the question
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ
14:14
but we need to use the word order of aย statement
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:19
so that's subject, verb, object.
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์–ด์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
14:24
Now let's think about this for a minuteย because
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:26
in normal speech when we ask a question, we invert
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š”
14:31
the auxiliary verb and the subject, don'tย we?
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
14:34
A normal statement would be subject, verb, object
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด
14:38
and that becomes verb, subject, object, right?
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์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
14:42
Soย we're running late becomes: Are we running late?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
14:48
But in a reported question, we use if or we use whetherย and then
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” if ๋˜๋Š” if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ
14:54
the statement word order following.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„์ˆ  ์–ด์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
He asked if we were running late.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Subject, verb, object.
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด.
15:05
Let's do another one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:07
Have you been to Rome before?
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์ „์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:12
He inquired whether I had been to Romeย previously.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
All the other steps remain exactly the same.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
We add a reporting clause. weย change the pronouns,
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
15:24
we change the time and the place words
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
15:28
and we backshift the tense.
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, ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
Inย an open question and remember this is a question that starts
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
15:36
with a question word like who, what,ย where, why, when,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์™œ, ์–ธ์ œ,
15:42
which or how.
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๋ฌด์—‡ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:45
We keep that question word but we switch the verb
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:48
and the subjectย around just as we did with the closed question.
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๋‹ซํžŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
So like this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ.
15:53
Where are you going on holiday?
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ?
15:56
Becomes: He asked where we were going on holiday.
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Bes: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
So we have a reporting clause with a questionย word
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ญ์ด
16:06
and our question in a statement word order following.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
All the same rules about changingย the pronouns,
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ,
16:13
the time and place words and the tense, they all still apply.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์‹œ์ œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
You just followย a slightly different structure.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
Now you have almost made it to the end of this lesson
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
16:25
but I doย want to offer you a couple of bits of bonus advice.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
I really want you to take your reported speechย skills
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
up to the next level
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16:35
so I want to talk about some other really functional statements
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
16:38
inย English that frequently occur in reported speech
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16:43
like giving advice, explaining instructions,
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์กฐ์–ธ ์ œ๊ณต, ์ง€์นจ ์„ค๋ช…,
16:48
making requests or making promises and offers.
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์š”์ฒญ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์† ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
All of these important functions inย English, they
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
16:55
often occur in reported speech.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
Let's look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Youย shouldn't make a promise you can't keep.
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์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
So this is a classic piece of advice.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
And of course,ย we can use the same steps that we learned earlier
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
17:13
to turn this sentence into reported speech.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
He toldย me that I shouldn't make a promise I couldn't keep.
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์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์•ฝ์†์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:21
That is perfectly acceptable and it's correctย English grammar.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
However, there is another way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
He advised me not to makeย a promise I couldn't keep.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
Let's take a closer look at this structure now.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
We can see the verb advise and the object then
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๋™์‚ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋‹ค์Œ์— to ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
a to-infinitive and in this case the infinitive isย preceded by not
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:49
because the sentence is negative.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ not ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Not to make a promise.
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์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ.
17:55
He advised me not to make aย promise.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
He advised me to study hard for the exam.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
We use the verbs ask, advise, instruct
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌป๋‹ค, ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค,
18:07
and tell with this pattern when we're giving advice.
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๋งํ•˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
Lock the door when you leave.
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๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:14
That's an instruction.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
They instructed me to lock the door when I left.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
They told me to lock the door when I left.
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฌธ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
18:26
Or they asked me to lock the door.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
All ofย these verbs have similar meanings
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ
18:32
but they are slightly different.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
Let's look at another one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Theย teacher said:
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
Please stack the chairs in the corner.
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์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์Œ“์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
18:43
That's a request or an instruction.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”์ฒญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
The teacherย asked us to stack the chairs in the corner.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋ชจํ‰์ด์— ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
The teacher instructed us to stack the chairs.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
Theย teacher told us to stack the chairs.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์Œ“์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
We can use a very similar structure for offers and for promises
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์†์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:05
with the verbs offer and promise with the to-infinitive.
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.
19:09
The only difference is that there's noย object.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
Do you need help?
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๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
19:14
That's an offer, right? So of course, we could say:
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
She asked whether I neededย help but we could also say:
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
She offered to help me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
Let's look at a promise now.
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์ด์ œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:29
I'll make it up toย you.
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๋ณด์ƒํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
He said that he would make it up to me.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
Or
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๋˜๋Š”
19:35
he promised to make it up to me.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
Now the meaning ofย these two sentences are
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
19:41
similar but the second one is just a little bit more precise
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
19:46
in the way thatย it retells the information.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
Learning to use both of these structures will help to make your
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด
19:52
Englishย more interesting and it's going to help you to express
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
19:55
yourself more clearly,
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19:57
especially when itย comes to storytelling and writing.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง๊ณผ ์ž‘๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ
20:00
So that's it!
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!
20:04
I'm wondering if you can use reported speechย to report
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
20:07
on something that I said during this lesson.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
If you can, share that sentence down inย the comments below.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
20:14
Even though this grammar is a little tricky to get your head around,
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ
20:17
it reallyย does just take practice. You will be able to do it.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
The more that you practise, the easier itย will get
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์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
and that is exactly why I created the workbook for you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
20:29
to help you put everythingย you learned into practice
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
20:32
and make sure it sticks.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์›Œํฌ๋ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
So what are you waiting for? Go and grab it!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€์„œ ์žก์•„!
20:37
Thank you so much for joining me today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
I hope you enjoyed the lesson.
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
Check outย these ones next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
20:43
I'll see you in there!
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ž!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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