Prepositions of TIME ๐Ÿ‘‰ IN / ON / AT / BY ๐Ÿ‘ˆ Common English Grammar Mistakes

965,736 views ใƒป 2017-10-11

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:10
Hello! This is Emma from mmmEnglish,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ์ €๋Š” mmmEnglish์˜ Emma์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. mmmEnglish YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ
00:13
back with another lesson
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:15
on the mmmEnglish YouTube channel.
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.
00:18
Now a few weeks ago
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „์—
00:20
I made a video lesson using articles in English.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
If you missed it, you can watch it up here.
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๋†“์น˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
But in that video, I said that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
00:29
articles are one of the
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:30
biggest problems for English students
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
because they are the cause of
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00:35
so many grammar mistakes!
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!
00:37
And it's true!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:39
As a University English teacher,
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ
00:41
I saw these mistakes all the time!
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:44
But
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00:44
coming very close behind mistakes with articles
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
๊ด€์‚ฌ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋’ค์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:48
are mistakes with prepositions.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now, prepositions are words
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์ž, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:53
like these
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00:55
in, on, at,
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in, on, at, by with
00:56
by
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00:57
with
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00:59
for
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for
01:00
over under
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over under
01:02
of
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of
01:03
to
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to
01:04
There are many of them in English
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
01:06
and like articles,
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๊ด€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:08
prepositions are difficult to understand.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Sometimes the reasons why you should choose one
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
01:15
over another,
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01:15
it's not really obvious.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And sometimes there are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:20
exceptions and differences depending on
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01:23
who you actually talk to
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
01:26
whether they speak American English or
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
01:29
British English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์™€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
So what's the secret to these prepositions?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
01:34
How can you possibly know
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:36
when and how
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01:38
to use them correctly?
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?
01:41
Well, the answer might not be one that you like.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
There's no simple rule,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
01:47
there's no one answer.
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์ •๋‹ต๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Prepositions need to be learnt in context
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:52
with the other words that they're used with.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Trying to understand
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01:57
why we say
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:58
"in the car" and
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"์ฐจ์—์„œ"์™€
02:00
"on the bus"
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"๋ฒ„์Šค์—์„œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด
02:01
will only end in tears and frustrations!
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๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:05
By learning the phrase
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02:07
"in the car"
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"in the car"๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„
02:08
together, all together
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:10
will make it easier to remember it
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ 
02:13
and also to get it right every time.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
You're not thinking about which preposition
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์–ด๋–ค ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:19
but you're remembering the phrase.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
All of the words together.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜.
02:24
Now last week I talked about these prepositions
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์ด์ œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ
02:28
in, on, at
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in, on, at
02:30
and by.
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๋ฐ by์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
But all when they're used to talk about place
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žฅ์†Œ
02:34
or the position of something.
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๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Let's meet at the library.
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž.
02:39
He's in the kitchen.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€์—Œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:41
I'll see you on the bus.
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๋ฒ„์Šค์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
He's waiting by the car.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฐจ ์˜†์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:47
If you missed that lesson,
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:48
you can catch it up here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But today we're going to focus on these
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:53
same prepositions
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02:55
but for when they give information about time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
I'll be there in five minutes.
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5๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐˆ๊ฒŒ. ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ
03:02
I'll meet you at 3pm
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์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”
03:05
on Thursday.
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.
03:08
We need to be there
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
by noon.
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.
03:12
So first,
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03:12
let's go over the main points
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๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
that we need to remember.
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.
03:17
"At" is used in reference
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"At"๋Š”
03:19
to specific times on the clock
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์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„
03:21
or points of time in the day.
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์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
"In" usually refers to
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"In"์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:27
periods of time.
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.
03:29
And "on" is used
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "on"์€
03:30
with dates and named days of the week.
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๋‚ ์งœ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ง€์ •๋œ ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And "by" is used
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "by"๋Š”
03:37
specifically with an end point of time
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
03:39
and it means
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03:40
no later than.
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๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Let's start with "at".
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"์—์„œ"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Use "at" for very specific times.
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๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” "at"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:48
Clock times for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„.
03:51
The train arrives at 3:30.
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Š” 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
The party starts at midnight.
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ž์ •์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
The meeting will finish at 5:30.
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ํšŒ์˜๋Š” 5์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
I'll be there at noon
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์˜ค์—
04:03
or at midday
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๋˜๋Š” ์ •์˜ค์— ์ž์ •์— ํ™ฉํ˜ผ์— ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:05
at midnight
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04:06
at dawn
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04:07
at dusk.
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.
04:09
All of these words refer to
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
04:11
specific time
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€
04:13
but we can also use "at" with
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๋งŒ
04:15
other specific times of the day, like
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04:18
He doesn't like driving at night.
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He doesn't like driving at night์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„ "at"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
I'm going shopping at lunchtime.
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์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
I read my daughter a story at bedtime.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ทจ์นจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Let's talk about it at dinner tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:34
So there, I just called the time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
04:37
dinner.
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์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
It's not the meal name there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‹์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:40
I'm using the time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…
04:42
We'll talk about it at dinner
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์‹์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:45
time, tonight.
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.
04:47
But often it's not spoken.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์ข… ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
One thing that you must be careful about is with
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
04:53
morning, afternoon
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์˜ค์ „, ์˜คํ›„,
04:55
evening and night.
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์ €๋…, ๋ฐค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
We say "at night"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ฐค์—"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:59
but for all of these other times of the day
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
05:02
we say
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05:03
"in the morning"
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"์•„์นจ์—" "
05:05
"in the afternoon"
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์˜คํ›„์—" "์ €๋…์—
05:07
"in the evening"
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So
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05:10
- and don't forget the article as well, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
๊ด€์‚ฌ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
05:13
Now there's also some really common
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์ด์ œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ
05:15
fixed expressions
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05:17
that use the preposition "at"
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ "at"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:20
when you're referring to
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05:21
a specific point in time.
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.
05:24
She's working at the moment.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So when you're talking about
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:28
an action that is happening around the present moment,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
05:32
you're not using "in the moment"
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"in the moment"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
- all the Italians out there!
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:37
In the moment, I'm working on a very interesting project.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
No!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
05:41
It's "at the moment"
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"ํ˜„์žฌ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:43
At the moment,
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. ํ˜„์žฌ
05:44
I'm working on a very interesting project.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
She's a little busy at present,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
can I get her to call you back?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ค๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:53
It's quite formal
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๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ 
05:54
but "at present" means at this time.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ "at present"๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
I finish the course at the end of April.
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์ €๋Š” 4์›” ๋ง์— ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
So "at the end of" or "at the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "at the end of" ๋˜๋Š” "at the
06:04
start of" a period of time
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start of" ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
06:06
is also a common way
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:07
to refer to a
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06:08
specific point in time.
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.
06:11
Note that if you say something happened in the middle
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:14
of a period of time,
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06:16
you need to use the preposition
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ
06:17
"in".
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"in"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
But I'll talk more about that in a moment.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
We arrived at the same time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
So we use "at the same time"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋™์‹œ์—"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:27
to say that two separate actions
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์ด
06:29
happened simultaneously
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
- at one time.
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.
06:34
Okay let's talk about the preposition "in".
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ "in"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:38
"In" is used for periods of time,
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"In"์€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:41
so seasons or months
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ
06:44
or even longer periods of time
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๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(
06:45
like centuries or decades or years.
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์˜ˆ: ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„)์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
I was born in 1986.
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์ €๋Š” 1986๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
He'll visit them in October.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 10์›”์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
The ski resort is closed in summer.
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์Šคํ‚ค ๋ฆฌ์กฐํŠธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
He grew up in the seventies.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
That's the period of time between 1970 and 1980.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1970๋…„์—์„œ 1980๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
It happened in the 16th century.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 16์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Don't worry,
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:15
it all happened in the past.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Just as we use "in" for periods of time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ "in"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŠน์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
07:22
we also use it for periods of time
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:24
during the day
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07:26
when we're not being specific.
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.
07:29
So...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
07:30
They're leaving in the evening.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋…์— ๋– ๋‚ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
07:34
The baby sleeps in the afternoon.
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์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„์— ์ž”๋‹ค.
07:37
I work most productively in the morning.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์นจ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
But compare this to
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
07:44
I start work at 9am.
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์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:47
So there's specific time and there's kind of general time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We can also use "in" to describe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "in"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:55
the amount of time needed to do something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
So again, we're talking about a
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:01
period of time.
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. ์ผ์ •
08:03
A period of time.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„.
08:06
They managed to complete the job in two weeks.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 2์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
You can drive around the island in a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์„ฌ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ
08:16
We can also use "in" to explain
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "in"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:20
when something will happen in the future.
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.
08:23
I'll be ready in five minutes.
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5๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
He's gone away but he'll be back in a couple of days.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉฐ์น  ํ›„์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
You can collect your parcel in a week.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์•ˆ์— ์†Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Now remember I told you earlier
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์ด์ œ ์ด์ „์—
08:37
that if you're using the expression
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ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:39
at the end of or at the start of something
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
08:42
you need to use the preposition "at".
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ "at"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:46
At the start of July.
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7์›” ์ดˆ.
08:48
Return it to me at the end of the day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
08:52
But, if you're referring to the middle of a period of time
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:58
your preposition needs to be "in"
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” "in" "
09:01
"in the middle"
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in the middle"์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
In the middle of June .
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In the middle of June .
09:05
Or it's too hot to go out in the middle of the day.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•œ๋‚ฎ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”์›Œ์š”.
09:10
Okay, here's another really common fixed expression.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ง ํ”ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
"In time"
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"In time"
09:17
You'll hear it all the time!
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
09:20
We made it in time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Luckily, we arrived just in time.
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์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
This means that you weren't late
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜
09:29
or you arrived just before the event started.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
Don't confuse this with
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ "on time"๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:36
"on time"
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09:37
which is another fixed expression
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09:40
Please arrive on time.
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์ •์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:42
This means at the starting time,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์—๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:45
not later.
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.
09:47
If you're told to arrive on time,
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์ •์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด
09:50
don't be late!
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๋Šฆ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
09:52
The teacher told them to arrive on time.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
And even though they slept in,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž ์„ ์žค์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
09:59
they arrived just in time!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:04
Now let's explore
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10:05
more about this preposition now.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
"On"
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"On"
10:10
In English we can use this preposition for
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
10:12
specific descriptions of time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Most commonly with days of the week
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ผ
10:17
and parts of days of the week.
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๊ณผ ์š”์ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
She's working on Monday.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
That's a specific and a unique time.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
She usually works on Mondays.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
By using the plural form there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:33
I'm suggesting that this is a regular event.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ž„์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
It happens every week.
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๋งค์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
We're going to the theatre on Wednesday evening.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
Let's have a coffee on Friday morning.
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ž.
10:47
It's his birthday on Saturday.
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ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
So note that in spoken English
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
10:53
"on" is often omitted in context like this.
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"on"์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋žต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
She's working Monday.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
So don't be confused if
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
11:02
suddenly when someone says a sentence like this
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
11:05
you can't hear the preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
11:07
In spoken English, it's often dropped.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
"On" is also used with dates.
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"์ผœ๊ธฐ"๋Š” ๋‚ ์งœ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
The interview is on the 29th of April.
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๋ฉด์ ‘์€ 4์›” 29์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
He was born on February 14th.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 2์›” 14์ผ์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
It's also used with special days.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‚ ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
She was born on Valentine's Day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ Œํƒ€์ธ ๋ฐ์ด์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
We're moving house on Christmas Eve.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ด๋ธŒ์— ์ง‘์„ ์ด์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
I have an exam on my birthday.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์— ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด.
11:38
But here's another little exception
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:40
that you need to keep in mind.
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.
11:42
When you're talking about festivals and
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์ถ•์ œ๋‚˜
11:45
about special periods of time,
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ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
11:48
you can use "at".
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"at"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
So, are you going home at Christmas?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์— ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ?
11:55
So that's talking about the time around Christmas.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
If you're referring to the specific day,
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ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
12:01
you need to use "on".
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"on"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
On Christmas Day.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋‚ ์—.
12:05
On New Year's Eve.
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์ƒˆํ•ด ์ „๋‚ .
12:08
What are you doing on New Year's Day?
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์„ค๋‚ ์— ๋ญํ•ด?
12:11
What are you doing at New Year's?
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์ƒˆํ•ด์— ๋ญํ•ด?
12:15
Now this question is more general,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
you're referring to the period of time
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํœด์ผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
around this holiday
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12:23
usually there is a few days where
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:25
everyone's not working and
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:27
they're relaxing and hanging out so
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ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:29
"on Year's Day" means specifically that day
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"์—ฐ๋ง์—"๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋‚ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:35
but if you say
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12:37
"at New Year's"
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"์ƒˆํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:38
you just mean the time around that day.
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:42
Another fixed expression
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์€
12:44
that can be a little bit confusing is
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12:47
"at or on the weekend".
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"at or on the weekend"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
What are you doing on the weekend?
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์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋ญํ•ด?
12:53
is more common in American English and
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๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:56
What are you doing at the weekend?
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What are you doing at the weekend?
12:58
is more common in British English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
But either way, you'll be understood.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Both of them mean the same thing.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
But it's good to know that there are
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
13:08
two different ways to express this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
And lastly, "by" .
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "by" .
13:13
Our last little preposition
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž‘์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
13:15
is very useful to give information about time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
You can use "by" with the end time of an activity.
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ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "by"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
The show should be finished by 9pm.
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์‡ผ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
13:29
It means no later than.
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๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
So when it's used with a specific time,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด
13:35
it can mean on or before that time.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
Please return these books by Friday.
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์ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:42
That means no later than Friday.
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์ฆ‰, ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
So let's recap.
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์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด.
13:48
Let's go over everything that we learnt in this lesson
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:50
because it was a lot to take in!
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
13:53
"At" is generally used in reference to
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"At"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:57
specific times on the clock
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์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„
13:59
or specific points of time in the day.
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์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
"In" generally refers to longer periods of time.
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"In"์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
"On" is used with dates or named days.
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"์ผœ๊ธฐ"๋Š” ๋‚ ์งœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
And "by" is used with times and named days
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "by"๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ ์š”์ผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:15
but specifically telling us an end time.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Well that's it for this lesson!
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์ž, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
14:23
I hope that it's been good revision for you
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14:26
to remind yourself about the correct way to
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14:29
use these really common English prepositions
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14:33
that give more information about time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ”ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ์ •ํŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
Now if you've got any questions at all,
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
14:40
put them in the comments below
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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ
14:41
and I will try to answer them as soon as I can.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
If you really love
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14:46
the mmmEnglish Channel and you enjoy my lessons,
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mmm์˜์–ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:49
then please make sure you
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14:51
subscribe just here or here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:55
And check out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:56
some of the other lessons that I've prepared.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:59
This playlist here is full of grammar videos
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ
15:03
and this one here will
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š”
15:05
help you to practice your speaking skills.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Thanks for watching and I will see you in the next lesson.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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