I HAD LEARNED... The Past Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson with Pronunciation & Examples

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2020-06-25 ・ mmmEnglish


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I HAD LEARNED... The Past Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson with Pronunciation & Examples

1,314,855 views ・ 2020-06-25

mmmEnglish


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” mmmEnglish의 Emmaμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:03
Today we're gonna focus on the language that you need
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였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ 언어에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좜 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:06
to tell stories in English.
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00:09
Now we all tell stories right about our day,
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이제 우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 우리 μ‹œλŒ€,
00:13
about our childhood or maybe just to laugh
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μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:15
at something that happened earlier.
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이전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일을 웃기 μœ„ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
So a really useful tense to help you
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
00:20
accurately tell stories in English
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 이야기λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 정말 μœ μš©ν•œ μ‹œμ œλŠ”
00:23
is the past perfect.
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Now I know that grammar isn't usually heaps of fun
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이제 μ €λŠ” 문법이 보톡 μž¬λ―Έκ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
but we're going to include some pronunciation practice
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ 발음 μ—°μŠ΅μ„ 포함할 것이고
00:31
and I will make it as fun as I can.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 재미있게 λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
As always I've got a mini quiz at the end
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항상 그렇듯이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ— μ—°μŠ΅μ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ―Έλ‹ˆ ν€΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ 계속 μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ„Έμš”
00:36
to help you practise so make sure you stick around.
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00:49
So we use the past perfect to talk about the past
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
00:54
but not just any situation in the past,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 과거의 μ–΄λ–€ μƒν™©λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ
00:57
we use the past perfect
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00:59
when we're talking about two events
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두 가지 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ
01:02
that happened in the past
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01:04
and when one event happened before the other event.
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와 ν•œ 사건이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 사건보닀 λ¨Όμ € 일어났을 λ•Œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
So it helps you to order the actions in your story.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μŠ€ν† λ¦¬μ—μ„œ μž‘μ—… μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό μ§€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Think about the past perfect as helping us to create
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νƒ€μž„ 라인을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
01:15
a timeline.
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01:17
I had just stepped outside when it started to rain.
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λΉ„κ°€ 내리기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 밖에 λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€.
01:22
So there are two actions here, right?
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여기에 두 가지 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:24
I stepped outside, it started to rain.
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λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°”λ”λ‹ˆ λΉ„κ°€ 내리기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Now if I use just the past simple
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이제
01:31
for both of these events
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이 두 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
01:33
well then we don't know which one happened first, right?
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μ–΄λ–€ 사건이 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
01:36
All we know is that both events happened in the past.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 것은 두 사건 λͺ¨λ‘ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
So by using the past perfect in one of those actions,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž‘μ—… 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:44
I'm letting you know which action
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μ–΄λ–€ μž‘μ—…μ΄
01:46
happened before the other.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘μ—…λ³΄λ‹€ λ¨Όμ € λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
I had just stepped outside when it started to rain.
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λΉ„κ°€ 내리기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 밖에 λ‚˜κ°”λ‹€.
01:53
So which one came first?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ¨Όμ € μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:57
I stepped outside and then after it started to rain.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 밖에 λ‚˜κ°”κ³  λΉ„κ°€ 내리기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
Let's look at a few more examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
She had just finished her exam when the timer went off.
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타이머가 μšΈλ Έμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ„ 막 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
So which action happened first?
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그러면 μ–΄λ–€ 행동이 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:14
Did the timer go up first?
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타이머가 λ¨Όμ € μ˜¬λΌκ°”λ‚˜μš”?
02:17
No she finished her exam first but only by a little, just.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ¨Όμ € μ‹œν—˜μ„ λλƒˆμ§€λ§Œ μ•„μ£Ό 쑰금, 단지.
02:22
And we know this because of the past perfect.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지갑을 집에
02:28
I couldn't go out for dinner because I had left
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두고 μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 저녁을 먹으러 λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:31
my wallet at home.
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02:33
So try and imagine the story here, you know, I was
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 이야기λ₯Ό 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ œκ°€
02:36
working and one of my colleagues came up to ask me
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μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ° 제 λ™λ£Œ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이
02:39
to join them for dinner after work
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퇴근 ν›„ 저녁 식사에 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜μžκ³  제게 μ˜€λ”λ‹ˆ
02:41
but I realised that I didn't have my wallet that day.
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κ·Έλ‚  제 지갑이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
I left it at home.
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집에 두고 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
So I couldn't go out.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
He had mentioned feeling sick,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„ν”„λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:50
but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° κΈ°μ ˆν•˜μž 그듀은 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Now that is a great sentence. It's very dramatic.
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이제 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맀우 λ“œλΌλ§ˆν‹±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
He did say that he felt sick
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ μ•„ν”„λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆκ³ 
03:01
and he mentioned it before he fainted but
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κΈ°μ ˆν•˜κΈ° 전에 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έκ°€ κΈ°μ ˆν•œ 것은 μΆ©κ²©μ΄μ—ˆκΈ°
03:04
clearly, no one was paying attention because it was
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 아무도 관심을 κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:08
a shock that he fainted.
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03:11
So the past perfect helps our story to unfold over time,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” 우리의 이야기가 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에 따라 νŽΌμ³μ§€κ³ 
03:16
to create suspense and to create drama.
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μ„œμŠ€νŽœμŠ€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ“œλΌλ§ˆλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
So let's talk about how we make a past perfect sentence
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
and it's pretty simple actually
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03:25
as far as English verb tenses go
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03:27
especially after all of the conditionals videos
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특히 μ œκ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  쑰건뢀 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 이후에 μ˜μ–΄ 동사 μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” ν•œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:30
that I've been teaching lately.
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.
03:32
You've probably already started noticing a pattern.
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당신은 이미 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
We create the past perfect by using the verb 'had'
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 동사 'had'와 쑰동사 'had'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
03:39
the auxiliary verb 'had',
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, κ·Έ
03:41
followed by our main verb in past participle form.
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뒀에 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 본동사가 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ
03:46
So let's go back and look at those same examples again
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λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ λ™μΌν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
She had just finished her exam when the timer went off.
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타이머가 μšΈλ Έμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ„ 막 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
I couldn't go out for dinner
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03:56
because I had left my wallet at home.
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지갑을 집에 두고 μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 저녁을 먹으러 λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
He had mentioned feeling sick
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„ν”„λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:01
but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° κΈ°μ ˆν•˜μž 그듀은 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°œμŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄
04:04
So I'm going to interrupt our lesson here
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04:06
before we go too much further because I want to talk
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 더 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ€‘λ‹¨ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:09
about pronunciation.
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.
04:11
Learning to correctly use contractions is going to help
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μˆ˜μΆ•λ²•μ„ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 배우면 말할 λ•Œ
04:14
you to sound much more natural
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훨씬 더 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ³ 
04:17
and much more relaxed as you speak.
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νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬λŠ” 데 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
'had' is our auxiliary verb here right and our main verb
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'had'λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 쑰동사이고 λ³Έλ™μ‚¬λŠ”
04:23
comes after in the past participle form.
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과거뢄사 ν˜•νƒœ 뒀에 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
So auxiliary verbs are grammatical words. They're
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 보쑰 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 문법 λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은
04:30
usually unstressed and this impacts the way that
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일반적으둜 슀트레슀λ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©° 이것은 그듀이 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방식에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:33
they are spoken.
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.
04:34
Auxiliary verbs are usually connected to the subject
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보쑰 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 ꡬ어체
04:38
in spoken English so it's really natural to hear
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 주어와 μ—°κ²°λ˜λ―€λ‘œ I had you'd she'd he'd we'd they'd λŒ€μ‹ μ— I'dλ₯Ό λ“£λŠ” 것이 정말 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:41
I'd instead of I had
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04:45
you'd
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04:46
she'd
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04:47
he'd
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04:48
we'd
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04:50
they'd
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04:51
and the trickiest one of all,
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04:54
it'd,
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04:56
It'd been raining all day.
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ν•˜λ£¨μ’…μΌ λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
Now in negative sentences, the auxiliary verb
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이제 λΆ€μ •λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ‘°λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
05:01
usually contracts with 'not' so you'll hear
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일반적으둜 'not'으둜 μΆ•μ†Œλ˜λ―€λ‘œ
05:06
I hadn't instead of I had not.
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I had not λŒ€μ‹  I hadn'tλ₯Ό λ“£κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Or you hadn't instead of you had not.
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λ˜λŠ” 당신이 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λŒ€μ‹ μ— ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Now remember, we don't conjugate the auxiliary verb
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이제 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
05:17
when were using the past perfect right
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 쑰동사λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ―€λ‘œ '
05:20
so we use 'had' with 'she'.
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she'와 ν•¨κ»˜ 'had'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
She hadn't.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
05:24
It hadn't.
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그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
They hadn't.
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κ·Έλ“€μ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
05:27
But you will occasionally hear the contraction
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μˆ˜μΆ•μ΄
05:29
a little differently.
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μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 듀릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
She'd not been there.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 거기에 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
Or you'd not tasted it.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 맛보지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
And this is absolutely no problem
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그리고 이것은 μ „ν˜€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
05:40
but it's much less common. It's used less frequently.
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훨씬 덜 μΌλ°˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 덜 자주 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
My students often feel really frustrated about these
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제 학생듀은 μ’…μ’… μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ
05:46
contractions because they're exactly the same
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μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ΄
05:49
contractions as we use for 'I would'
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'I would'에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•κ³Ό μ •ν™•νžˆ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 정말 닡닡함을 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
I'd
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05:54
It's annoying I know
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μ§œμ¦λ‚˜λŠ” 일
05:56
but the clue is in the main verb that follows
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ” 뒀에 μ˜€λŠ” 주동사에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
because with 'would',
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 'would'λŠ”
06:02
it's always followed by the infinitive verb right?
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항상 뒀에 뢀정사 right?
06:06
'had' is always followed by the past participle.
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'had' λ’€μ—λŠ” 항상 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
So if you hear 'I go to the beach every day after school'
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 'I go to the beach every day after school'을 λ“€μœΌλ©΄
06:16
we know that that's 'would' because
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'would'λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
the verb 'go' is an infinitive form.
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동사 'go'λŠ” 뢀정사 ν˜•νƒœμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
I'd been at the beach when the storm rolled in.
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폭풍이 λͺ°μ•„쳀을 λ•Œ μ €λŠ” 해변에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ’€
06:26
We know that that's the past perfect
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06:29
because of the verb form that follows.
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λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” 동사 ν˜•νƒœ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그것이 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμž„μ„ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
So as we move through this lesson,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
06:35
tune into the way that I'm saying all the examples
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μ œκ°€ λͺ¨λ“  예문과 μ—°μŠ΅ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방식에 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ„Έμš”
06:39
and the practice sentences.
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.
06:40
Try to practise out loud with me
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λ‚˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 큰 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ—°μŠ΅
06:42
and just get comfortable with it.
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ν•˜κ³  νŽΈμ•ˆν•΄ 지도둝 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:44
Alright now let's get back to how the past perfect
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이제 거의
06:48
tense is used because it almost always involves
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항상
06:53
more than one event or action.
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ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ 행동을 μˆ˜λ°˜ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
So we usually need to know what to do with the other
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보톡
06:59
event in our sentence, right?
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우리 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
07:02
So when we use the past perfect in a sentence to show
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일의 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ
07:06
the order of things that happen in the past,
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07:09
the first event happens in the past perfect tense.
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첫 번째 사건은 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
The second event happens in the past simple tense.
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두 번째 μ΄λ²€νŠΈλŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
Now interestingly it doesn't matter which order
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이제 ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ 사건이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μˆœμ„œλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:21
the events are in the sentence.
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.
07:24
It's the tenses that tell us what happened first
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07:27
so we could say the past perfect,
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ,
07:30
past simple or the past simple and the past perfect.
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ λ˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ 및 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό 말할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
It's the same. In either of those examples,
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그것은 λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ
07:37
the past perfect event is the one that happened
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ 사건은
07:40
first in time.
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μ‹œκ°„μƒ κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € λ°œμƒν•œ μ‚¬κ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
I had just smelled smoke when the fire alarm went off.
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ν™”μž¬κ²½λ³΄κΈ°κ°€ μšΈλ Έμ„ λ•Œ μ—°κΈ° λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
07:47
Or when the fire alarm went off,
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λ˜λŠ” ν™”μž¬ 경보기가 μšΈλ Έμ„ λ•Œ
07:49
I had just smelled smoke.
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μ—°κΈ° λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ 났을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
So in both examples, I smelled the smoke first.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 두 예 λͺ¨λ‘ μ—°κΈ° λƒ„μƒˆλ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € λ§‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
It happened just before the alarm went off.
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μ•ŒλžŒμ΄ 울리기 직전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
I also want to make a special point about adverbs here
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λ˜ν•œ 'just' 및 'really' 'already'와 같은 뢀사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 뢀사에 λŒ€ν•΄ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 점을 μ§€μ ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:03
because we use adverbs like 'just' and 'really'
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08:07
'already'.
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.
08:09
They're often used in the past perfect tense
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그듀은 μ’…μ’… κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©°
08:11
and they go between 'had'
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'had'와 본동사 사이에 μ˜€λ―€
08:15
and our main verb right so we have 'had',
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둜 'had',
08:19
adverb, past participle.
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뢀사, κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
Had just finished.
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방금 λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
Had really tried. Had already eaten.
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정말 λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆλ‹€. 이미 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
All of this is exciting huh? It helps us to add
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•˜μ£ ? 그것은
08:31
more to our story.
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우리의 이야기에 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
So we use 'just' with the past perfect when one event
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 사건이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 사건 λ°”λ‘œ μ•žμ— 일어날 λ•Œ κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 'just'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
happens immediately before the other
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08:39
so you really want to emphasise that
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
08:41
not much time has passed between the first event
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첫 번째 사건과 두 번째 사건 사이에 λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ •λ§λ‘œ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:45
and the second event.
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.
08:46
He had just got in the shower
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κ·ΈλŠ”
08:48
when he heard a knock at the door.
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문을 λ‘λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ 막 μƒ€μ›Œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
08:50
So it was only moments before.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 뢈과 λͺ‡ λΆ„ μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
We use 'already' with the past perfect when an event
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μ΄λ²€νŠΈκ°€ μ˜ˆμƒλ³΄λ‹€ 일찍 λ˜λŠ” 일찍 λ°œμƒν•  λ•Œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ '이미'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:57
happens early or earlier than expected.
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. μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ
09:03
I ran to the supermarket as fast as I could
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빨리 μŠˆνΌλ§ˆμΌ“μœΌλ‘œ λ‹¬λ €κ°”μ§€λ§Œ
09:06
but it had already closed when I got there.
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λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” 이미 문을 닫은 λ’€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
Do you want to know one of the most common
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09:13
mistakes that my students make with this tense?
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제 학생듀이 이 μ‹œμ œλ‘œ 저지λ₯΄λŠ” κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:18
Can you see what's wrong there?
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무엇이 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”지 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:22
It's the present perfect and you can't use 'when'
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ΄κ³ 
09:26
with the past simple and the present perfect.
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•κ³Ό ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 'when'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 볡수인
09:29
We have to use the past perfect
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09:32
'had' with the past participle even when
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κ²½μš°μ—λ„ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ 'had'λ₯Ό κ³Όκ±° 뢄사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:35
the subject is plural, we still use 'had'
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. μ—¬μ „νžˆ 'had'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ
09:39
okay so don't conjugate the verb. That is a massive
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동사λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
09:42
mistake when you're talking about the past perfect.
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ 그것은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ‹€μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
So we've gone through all the details about how
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
09:48
to make the past perfect, what you need to remember,
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κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법, κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것,
09:51
what you need to do.
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
Let's practise using it together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜
09:55
I'm really looking forward to hearing some stories
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이야기λ₯Ό λ“£κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:58
from you guys.
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.
09:59
Quiz time!
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ν€΄μ¦ˆ νƒ€μž„!
10:01
To kick off our quiz, I'm gonna give you two events
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ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 두 가지 이벀트
10:04
or actions up here.
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λ˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Both of these events take place in the past.
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이 두 사건은 λͺ¨λ‘ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
So I'll tell you which event happened first and you'll need
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 사건이 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄ ν…Œλ‹ˆ
10:13
to write a sentence correctly using the past perfect.
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ 써야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
So the first event was we heard a strange noise
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 첫 번째 사건은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄μƒν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 듀은 것이고
10:23
and the second event was
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두 번째 사건은 κ·Έ
10:24
the lights went out immediately after.
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직후에 뢈이 κΊΌμ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
Now that part about immediately after is important
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10:32
because you can use an adverb to help explain that.
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뢀사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ°”λ‘œ λ‹€μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢀뢄이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
So you might write something like
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
10:38
We had just heard a strange noise
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10:41
when the lights went out.
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뢈이 κΊΌμ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ μ΄μƒν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ“€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
Now it's your turn to try. So I want you to write
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이제 당신이 μ‹œλ„ν•  μ°¨λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
10:46
your answers in the comments down below this video
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10:49
so that I can come down and check them for you,
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μ œκ°€ λ‚΄λ €μ™€μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 닡을 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ 
10:52
correct them if you need it.
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ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©΄ μˆ˜μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 닡을 이 λ™μ˜μƒ μ•„λž˜ λŒ“κΈ€μ— μ μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
10:53
Ths first event.
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첫 번째 μ΄λ²€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
I decided to leave.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ– λ‚˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆλ‹€.
10:57
The second event.
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두 번째 이벀트.
10:59
The boss called for a meeting.
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사μž₯이 회의λ₯Ό μ†Œμ§‘ν–ˆλ‹€.
11:03
The second event
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두 번째 μ΄λ²€νŠΈλŠ”
11:05
was we bought plane tickets.
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
The first event.
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첫 번째 이벀트.
11:10
The prices increased.
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가격이 μΈμƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
Unexpectedly early.
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μ˜μ™Έλ‘œ 일찍.
11:19
Last one. First event.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰. 첫 번째 이벀트.
11:21
She looked around for help.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ£Όμœ„λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬λ³΄λ©° 도움을 μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
Second event.
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두 번째 이벀트. κ·Έ 직후
11:25
A salesperson appeared, immediately afterwards.
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점원이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€.
11:33
Awesome work!
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멋진 일!
11:35
I have got one extra challenge for you if you
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당신이
11:38
really want to test your skills, see how well you can do.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 잘 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μΆ”κ°€ 도전이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
I want you to write a short story for me
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11:45
about a misadventure that you've had once in the past.
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당신이 과거에 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ λΆˆν–‰μ— λŒ€ν•œ 짧은 이야기λ₯Ό μ €μ—κ²Œ μ¨μ£Όμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
So I want you to try and use three examples
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμ˜ μ„Έ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ 보기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
11:52
of the past perfect.
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.
11:54
And just so you know a misadventure is an adventure
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그리고 λΆˆν–‰μ€ λͺ¨ν—˜
11:58
or a story but something went a little wrong.
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μ΄λ‚˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ λ­”κ°€ 쑰금 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
Something went not quite right,
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λ­”κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
perhaps it's quite a funny story where you were
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„
12:07
running late, you missed your bus
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늦게 달리고 λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜κ³  λΉ„λ₯Ό
12:10
and you got rained on.
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λ§žμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 이야기일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
Or maybe it was a frustrating story about
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄
12:15
losing your keys, getting locked out
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μ—΄μ‡ λ₯Ό μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ³  문이 잠긴
12:17
and then missing an important meeting.
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ν›„ μ€‘μš”ν•œ νšŒμ˜μ— λΉ μ§€λŠ” λ‹΅λ‹΅ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜€μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
I'm really excited to read these stories guys
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이 이야기듀을 읽게 λ˜μ–΄ 정말 κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
and I'm gonna do my best to give you feedback,
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12:25
especially if you get your stories written in the next
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특히
12:28
couple of days,
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12:29
as soon as this video is released on my channel.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€κ°€ 제 채널에 곡개되자마자 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ©°μΉ  μ•ˆμ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 이야기가 μž‘μ„±λœλ‹€λ©΄ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ“œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ΅œμ„ μ„ λ‹€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
Thank you for sticking with me through this lesson.
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λκΉŒμ§€ ν•¨κ»˜ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
I hope that it was useful and a little bit of fun.
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μœ μ΅ν•˜κ³  μ†Œμ†Œν•œ μž¬λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
Make sure you subscribe to my channel and
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제 채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜κ³  문법을 쑰금 μ—°μŠ΅
12:40
share this lesson with anyone who you know needs to
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ„Έμš”
12:43
practise their grammar a little.
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.
12:46
As always you can join me right here for our next lesson
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μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 그렇듯이 λ‹€μŒ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
See you in there!
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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