Are you ABLE to..? ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿผ English Modal Verbs

507,337 views ใƒป 2018-06-28

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:07
Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€mmmEnglishใฎEmmaใงใ™๏ผ
00:11
Last week, my lesson was about using modal verbs
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€
00:14
to express possibility and probability.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจ็ขบ็Ž‡ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:18
If you haven't seen it,
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ใพใ ใ”่ฆงใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ–นใฏ
00:19
make sure you check it out after this lesson.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒใซๅฟ…ใšใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:22
I'll link to it at the end of this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
So, we'll continue talking about modal verbs today,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ™
00:30
but this time modal verbs that express ability.
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ใŒใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Now, it's important to know that one modal verb
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€1ใคใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž
00:38
can be used to express
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—
00:39
different things in English.
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ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
So, for example, the modal verb 'can'
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcanใ€
00:45
is used to express possibility but in this lesson today,
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ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:50
I'll explain how it expresses ability.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
And then later,
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ใใ—ใฆๅพŒใงใ€
00:54
you'll learn that 'can' can also be used
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ใ€Œcanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
00:56
to ask permission, make requests
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ใ—ใฆ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฆๆฑ‚ใ‚’่กŒใฃ
00:59
and offer help.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ—ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
So, it's a pretty useful modal verb!
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไพฟๅˆฉใชๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™๏ผ
01:03
To express ability in English,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
01:06
you need to use these verbs
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžCanใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:09
Can.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Can't.
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ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:12
Could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:13
Couldn't.
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ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:15
And be able to.
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ใใ—ใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:19
Now, 'can' and 'can't' are pretty simple.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:23
They're both used to express
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใง่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:25
ability in the present tense.
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ใ€‚
01:28
You can speak English.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:31
My mum can pick us up.
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็งใฎๆฏใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:34
I can ask my brother for help.
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ๅ…„ใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจ
01:37
We also use '(be) able to'
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ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œ๏ผˆbe๏ผ‰abletoใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
01:40
to express the same thing.
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ใ€‚
01:42
You are able to speak English.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
My mum is able to pick us up.
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็งใฎๆฏใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
I am able to ask my brother for help.
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็งใฏๅ…„ใซๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
But notice that the 'be' verb conjugates
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ๏ผˆbe๏ผ‰able toใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไธป่ชžใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ
01:55
to the subject
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01:56
when we're using '(be) able to'.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:00
But, when you're using the modal verb 'can'
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:03
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
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ใ€ไธป่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:05
The modal verb is always the same.
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ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
And this is true for all modal verbs.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
They have just one form.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ 1ใคใฎๅฝขๅผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
Now, the present tense is simple.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใฏๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
But, when we talk about ability in the past,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ
02:19
we need to pay closer attention to the rules.
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ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
Because we use 'could' to talk about general ability
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€
02:29
and we use 'was/were able to'
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒใงใใŸ/ใงใใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
02:33
to talk about specific ability in the past.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
Huh?
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ใฏ๏ผŸ
02:39
To express yourself correctly, you need to understand
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
02:43
What is general ability and what is specific ability?
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ใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
If someone had the ability to do something, at all times
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅธธใซใ€ใใ—ใฆๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸ
02:54
and in many different situations,
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02:57
then this is a general ability.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
She could read by the time she was five.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ๏ผ•ๆญณใซใชใ‚‹ใพใงใซ่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚
03:04
She could read anything!
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
03:05
Books, newspapers, letters, anything!
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ๆœฌใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใ€ๆ‰‹็ด™ใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚๏ผ
03:09
This is a general ability
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใช
03:12
so 'could' is the correct choice here.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:16
Now, if someone had the ability to do something at a
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใชใ‚‰
03:19
specific time,
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03:21
in a specific situation, well, this is specific ability.
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ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:26
She was able to read Little Red Riding Hood
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎๅ‰ใง่ตคใšใใ‚“ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
03:29
in front of the class.
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ใ€‚
03:31
This is a specific situation.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
So when you're talking about a specific ability
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
03:37
to 'be able to' is the correct choice.
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ใฏใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
So, in these examples,
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใง
03:42
we used different words to express ability in the past.
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ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:47
It's a little trickier, isn't it?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:49
But fortunately, the negative form is the same
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅฝขใฏ
03:53
in general and specific situations in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ŠถๆณใงๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
It's just 'couldn't'.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใ€Œใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:59
She couldn't read by the time she was five.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ๏ผ•ๆญณใซใชใ‚‹ใพใงใซ่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:02
She couldn't read
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎๅ‰ใง่ตคใšใใ‚“ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
04:04
Little Red Riding Hood in front of the class.
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ใ€‚
04:08
Note that when someone had the ability in the past,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸ
04:11
but they didn't use it,
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:14
we use a different structure.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅˆฅใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:17
We use 'could' with 'have'
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ใ€Œcouldใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€
04:20
and the past participle form.
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ใŠใ‚ˆใณ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
I could have helped you, but you didn't ask me!
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
04:30
We could have invited more people.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎไบบใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใงใใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
There's spare seats at the back!
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ๅพŒใ‚ใซไบˆๅ‚™ๅธญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผ
04:35
Okay, let's just pause for a moment
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆ
04:39
and think about
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04:40
all of this new information that you've taken in.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ–ใ‚Šๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฎใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ
04:43
I think we should probably practise
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่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:45
expressing ability in the past tense
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ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใง่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
04:47
just for a moment before we move on.
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ใ€‚
04:50
So, what you need to do is choose the correct word
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
04:53
to complete the sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:56
Okay, choose the correct word.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:00
When my neighbour
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็งใฎ้šฃไบบ
05:01
slipped down the stairs this morning, I...
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ใŒไปŠๆœ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ๆป‘ใ‚Š้™ใ‚ŠใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ...
05:04
something
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ
05:05
help her.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
So, think about this situation.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:11
Is it general,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ
05:13
or is it specific?
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็š„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:17
This is a specific situation in the past, isn't it?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
05:22
We know when and exactly what was happening.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
So, 'I was able to help her' is the correct choice.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:31
She (something) speak
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ๅฝผๅฅณ๏ผˆไฝ•ใ‹๏ผ‰
05:33
a little Japanese when she was younger.
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ใฏ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
Is it general?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:39
Or, is it specific?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:45
It's general.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
So, 'could' is the right choice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:50
She could speak.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚
05:53
My brother (something)
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็งใฎๅ…„๏ผˆไฝ•ใ‹๏ผ‰
05:56
not start the car last night.
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ใฏๆ˜จๅคœ่ปŠใ‚’ๅง‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:00
Well, this is a negative sentence, isn't it?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
06:04
We can see 'not' so, it must be 'couldn't'.
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'not'ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ 'could n't'ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:10
My brother couldn't start the car last night.
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็งใฎๅ…„ใฏๆ˜จๅคœ่ปŠใ‚’ๅง‹ๅ‹•ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:12
Or he could not the car last night.
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ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๅคœ่ปŠใŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:16
He (something)
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ๅฝผ๏ผˆไฝ•ใ‹๏ผ‰
06:18
offered to drop her home, but he was too tired.
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ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใŸใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
06:23
Now, notice the form of the main verb here,
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ใ“ใ“ใงไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
06:27
that's a clue
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06:29
because it's not in the bare infinitive form.
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
So, it must be 'could have'.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:36
He could have offered to drop her home,
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ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
06:41
My boss' phone was switched of all day today!
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็งใฎไธŠๅธใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใฏไปŠๆ—ฅไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
06:45
Finally, I got through at around and I
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใฏๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ€
06:51
speak to her.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
This is quite a specific situation, isn't it?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š็‰นๆฎŠใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
06:58
So, 'was able to' is the right answer.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
Okay the last step now.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
We need to talk ability in the future, don't we?
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ๅฐ†ๆฅใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
07:11
We still need to pay attention to those rules
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใจ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:14
about general ability and specific ability.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
And it's a little trickier
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ใใ—ใฆ
07:20
because the rules are completely the opposite
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ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
07:23
to the past tense.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:26
Thanks English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
So in the future, we use 'will'
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€
07:30
and 'won't be able' to
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ใจใ€Œไธๅฏ่ƒฝใ€
07:33
to talk about general abilities.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
So we're using 'will' as the future tense
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใจใ—ใฆใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
07:39
and following 'will', as with all modal verbs
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ใ€Œwillใ€ใซ็ถšใ„ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž
07:42
is the bare infinitive form every time.
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ใŒๅธธใซไธๅฎšๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
We don't conjugate the verb following 'will' here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œwillใ€ใซ็ถšใๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:49
It's 'will be' or 'won't be'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใชใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:54
If you arrive before 6 o' clock,
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2020
6ๆ™‚ๅ‰ใซๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
07:56
you'll be able to see the sunset.
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ๅค•ๆ—ฅใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:00
Women who become members
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ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฅณๆ€งใฏ
08:02
will be able to practise their English speaking skills.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™
08:10
We use 'can' and 'can't'
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
08:12
to talk about specific abilities in the future.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
I can look after your kids tomorrow night.
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็งใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๅคœใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:22
But I can't collect them from school
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ใงใ‚‚
08:24
because I don't finish work until 5 o'clock.
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5ๆ™‚ใพใงไป•ไบ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงๅญฆๆ กใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ้›†ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:28
So these are specific situations.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:32
Okay a couple of questions to practise with
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็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹็›ดๅ‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
08:35
just before we finish.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
I (something) help you with your homework
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็งใฏ๏ผˆไฝ•ใ‹๏ผ‰
08:41
this afternoon.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
That's a specific situation, at a specific time.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:48
So in the future we you use 'can'.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏใ€Œcanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:53
If you complete this course, you
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
08:56
(something) apply for a new job.
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๏ผˆไฝ•ใ‹๏ผ‰ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
So this is quite general, really.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:03
So 'will be able to' is the correct choice.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:07
Well, that's it!
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™๏ผ
09:09
But who would have thought that talking about
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่ชฐใŒๆ€ใฃใŸใ ใ‚ใ†
09:11
ability in English could be so tricky.
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ใ€‚
09:15
I hope this lesson made it a little clearer for you
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
09:18
and I really recommend that you write down a few
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ใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็ด™ใ‚„ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
09:21
of your own sentences on paper
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09:24
or in the comments under this video.
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ใ€‚
09:27
Then, go back to the start of this lesson
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซๆˆปใฃ
09:29
and watch it again to check your answers
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
09:33
and to make sure that the information sinks in.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๆตธ้€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
09:37
Remember to practise using what you've learnt today.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:40
Don't just watch these lessons,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
09:42
use the English that I teach you.
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ใ€็งใŒๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:45
Now if you want to keep practising,
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
09:47
then check out this lesson up here.
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ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:50
Oh and the modal verbs lesson
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
09:53
that talks about probability and possibility
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็ขบ็Ž‡ใจๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
09:57
is right here.
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ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
So thanks for watching and I'll see you again next week
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
10:02
for a new lesson.
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ใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑใพใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:03
Bye for now!
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ใพใŸใญ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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