LEARN ENGLISH PODCAST: FINALLY UNDERSTAND PAST MODALS - SHOULD, COULD, WOULD HAVE (SUBTITLES)

164,520 views

2021-12-09 ใƒป To Fluency


New videos

LEARN ENGLISH PODCAST: FINALLY UNDERSTAND PAST MODALS - SHOULD, COULD, WOULD HAVE (SUBTITLES)

164,520 views ใƒป 2021-12-09

To Fluency


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- [Jack] Should have, could have, would have.
0
120
3890
- [ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏ] ใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ ใงใใŸใฏใšใ ใฃใŸ
00:04
Today we're going to talk about modal verbs for the past,
1
4010
5000
ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
00:09
and you're also going to learn
2
9690
1900
ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€
00:11
how to use these as reductions.
3
11590
3350
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้‚„ๅ…ƒใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
So for example, shoulda, coulda, woulda,
4
14940
2790
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€shouldaใ€couldaใ€wouldaใ€
00:17
or should've, could've, would've.
5
17730
3270
ใพใŸใฏ should'veใ€could'veใ€would've ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
And I'm gonna give you lots of examples
6
21000
2670
ใใ—ใฆ
00:23
so that you can finally understand exactly
7
23670
3330
00:27
how to use these advanced modal verbs,
8
27000
3640
ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž
00:30
to use should, would, and could to talk about the past.
9
30640
4800
ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ€shouldใ€wouldใ€ could ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Hello, my name is Jack from tofluency.com,
10
35440
3060
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ tofluency.com ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
00:38
and this is the To Fluency podcast,
11
38500
3120
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ To Fluency ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆ
00:41
a place where you can learn English,
12
41620
2720
ใงใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚
00:44
and listen to my English lessons from anywhere in the world.
13
44340
5000
็งใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ ใ€‚
00:49
Before I get started,
14
49550
1080
ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹
00:50
I do want to talk about a couple of things.
15
50630
2790
ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
First, I have a free book,
16
53420
1727
ใพใšใ€็„กๆ–™ใฎๆœฌ
00:55
"The Five Step Plan for English Fluency,"
17
55147
2743
ใ€ŒThe Five Step Plan for English Fluencyใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
00:57
click the link in the description to download that.
18
57890
3400
ใพใ™ใ€‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ— ใฆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
And also if you haven't subscribed to my lessons yet,
19
61290
4250
ใพใŸ ใ€็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใพใ ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:05
just click the Subscribe button or the Follow button.
20
65540
3730
[่ณผ่ชญ ] ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใพใŸใฏ [ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผ] ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:09
And if you want to take it an extra step further,
21
69270
3910
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธ€ๆญฉ้€ฒใ‚ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
01:13
if you want to do something else in addition,
22
73180
3500
ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏ
01:16
then click the Share button and share this lesson.
23
76680
4340
ใ€[ๅ…ฑๆœ‰] ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:21
Before we talk about how to use,
24
81020
2050
01:23
should have, could have, and would have,
25
83070
2840
should haveใ€could haveใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ would have ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€shouldใ€couldใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
01:25
let's just very quickly talk about should, could, and would.
26
85910
5000
would ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
01:31
And my friend Shayna at espressoenglish.net
27
91670
4760
็งใฎๅ‹ไบบ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ espressoenglish.net ใฎ Shayna ใฏ
01:36
tell us about this in a very succinct way.
28
96430
3400
ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๆฝ”ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
A way that helps you understand it clearly,
29
99830
3380
ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚่ชฌๆ˜Ž
01:43
and I'll leave a link to her lesson in the description too.
30
103210
3890
ใซๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ— ใพใ™.
01:47
But she says, "Should is use for recommendation and advice,"
31
107100
5000
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ŒๆŽจๅฅจใจใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€
01:52
and these are general rules here.
32
112820
2410
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™.
01:55
For example, if you want to lose weight,
33
115230
2030
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ“้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—
01:57
you should eat healthy food.
34
117260
2483
ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
Could is used for possibilities.
35
120580
2600
could ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
For example you can say,
36
123180
1847
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:05
"Oh, we could go away this weekend, right?"
37
125027
3893
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
We could go away this weekend,
38
128920
2030
็งใŸใกใฏไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€
02:10
it's a possibility, something that you could do.
39
130950
3610
ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
02:14
And would is for imagining results,
40
134560
3047
ใใ—ใฆใ€
02:17
"If I were rich, I would buy a boat."
41
137607
3713
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ้‡‘ๆŒใกใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
If I were rich, I would buy a boat.
42
141320
2290
ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ้‡‘ๆŒใกใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใซใ€‚
02:23
And this is a quick question,
43
143610
1100
็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€
02:24
if you were rich what would be
44
144710
2010
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŠ้‡‘ๆŒใก
02:26
the first thing you would buy?
45
146720
2360
ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:29
So again, the general rule is,
46
149080
1810
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€
02:30
should is for recommendations or advice,
47
150890
3960
should ใฏๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€
02:34
could is for possibilities,
48
154850
2250
could ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
02:37
and would is for imagining results.
49
157100
3050
ใ€would ใฏ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
Again, I'll leave a link to this lesson in the description.
50
160150
3023
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
The good news is when we use should have, could have,
51
164480
4170
่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€
02:48
and would have that same general rule applies.
52
168650
5000
ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
So, what we're doing here is we're talking
53
173840
2690
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
02:56
about imaginary situations in the past.
54
176530
4530
ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๆžถ็ฉบใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:01
We're talking about things in the past
55
181060
2670
03:03
by using should have, could have, and would have.
56
183730
3840
should haveใ€ could haveใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ would have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:07
So that's the first thing to know,
57
187570
2090
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
we use should have, could have, and would have for the past.
58
189660
5000
็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ should haveใ€could have ใ€would have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
This is fun because this is where you can play around
59
195010
5000
ใ“ใ“
03:20
with the language a little bit.
60
200100
1650
ใง่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
And also just talk about how things would have,
61
201750
4710
ใพใŸ
03:26
how things would have been different
62
206460
2330
03:28
in the past if something else happened?
63
208790
3610
ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:32
It's really good fun to talk about this.
64
212400
2870
ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
But should have as well,
65
215270
1310
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
03:36
we can use it to talk about regrets,
66
216580
2320
ใใ‚ŒใฏๅพŒๆ‚”ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซ
03:38
we can use it to talk about
67
218900
1750
ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽป
03:40
what the best advice should have been in the past.
68
220650
4040
ใฎๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏไฝ•ใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:44
And most people think would have
69
224690
1630
ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบ
03:46
is only used in the third conditional,
70
226320
2530
ใฏใ€ ใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใง
03:48
but we don't have to use it for the third conditional.
71
228850
3470
ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:52
So let's start with should have.
72
232320
2750
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ™ในใใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:55
I like should have, people use this a lot,
73
235070
3230
็งใฏใ™ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€
03:58
and we mainly talk about this
74
238300
2900
ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏไธปใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
04:01
to give advice for past events,
75
241200
3860
04:05
so to give advice for past events.
76
245060
3210
ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™.
04:08
So, before I said should is mainly used
77
248270
3660
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€should ใฏไธปใซๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„
04:11
for recommendations or advice,
78
251930
2520
04:14
should have is used for recommendations
79
254450
2990
04:17
or advice in the past.
80
257440
2470
ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€shove ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
And a lot of the time we use this like I said before,
81
259910
3850
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅพŒๆ‚”ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
04:23
when talking about regrets.
82
263760
3040
ใ€‚
04:26
So imagine, let's start with an example.
83
266800
3900
ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:30
Imagine that my friend is running
84
270700
3860
็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๆœใซๅคงใใชใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:34
a big race tomorrow morning,
85
274560
3050
04:37
so she has a big running race tomorrow morning.
86
277610
3770
ใ€‚
04:41
She's running a marathon,
87
281380
2150
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’
04:43
and as a friend I want to give her some advice.
88
283530
3870
ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจใ—ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
She probably already knows this but I say,
89
287400
2917
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚‚ใ†็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏ
04:50
"You should go to bed early tonight."
90
290317
2663
ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใฏๆ—ฉใๅฏใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
You should go to bed early tonight,
91
292980
2620
ไปŠๅคœใฏๆ—ฉใๅฏใŸ
04:55
so this is advice right now,
92
295600
2860
ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใŒ
04:58
however I see her in the morning,
93
298460
3370
ใ€ๆœ
05:01
she looks exhausted, she looks so tired.
94
301830
5000
ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
And I asked her, "You look tired, what did you do?"
95
306850
4380
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
05:11
And she says, "Ugh, I stayed up late
96
311230
3200
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€
05:14
watching that new Netflix series."
97
314430
3107
ใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„Netflixใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
And I say to her,
98
318450
1517
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณ
05:19
"Well, you should have come to bed earlier,
99
319967
2773
05:22
you shouldn't have watched TV so late."
100
322740
3080
ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:25
You should have gone to bed earlier,
101
325820
2340
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€
05:28
you shouldn't have watched TV so late.
102
328160
4260
ใใ‚“ใชใซ้…ใใพใงใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:32
So in this case, I am giving her advice for the past.
103
332420
5000
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
I am saying what she should have done,
104
338720
3830
็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ‹
05:42
recommendations or advice for the past.
105
342550
4270
ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
And in this case it's gone, you can't change the past.
106
346820
5000
ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใชใใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:53
It's a little bit unique in a way,
107
353230
3150
ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใง
05:56
and I'm sure have something similar
108
356380
2080
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใ‚‚ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
05:58
in your own language too.
109
358460
2360
ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
But when you say you should go to bed early,
110
360820
2530
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ
06:03
you're given advice for now or the future.
111
363350
2510
ใ€็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™.
06:05
But if you say you should have gone to bed earlier,
112
365860
3010
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๅฏใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ ใ€
06:08
you're giving advice for the past.
113
368870
2450
ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใธใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
You can give yourself advice too.
114
371320
3010
่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:14
For example, let's say you go
115
374330
2160
ใŸใจใˆใฐ
06:16
to a Thanksgiving party and you think,
116
376490
3237
ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ็ฅญใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
06:19
"Okay, I'm not going to eat so much today,
117
379727
3633
ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ้ฃŸในใชใ„
06:23
I'm gonna take it easy,
118
383360
1760
ใงใ€ๆฐ—ๆฅฝใซ
06:25
I'm just gonna eat a little bit of turkey and that's it."
119
385120
3810
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใ€ไธƒ้ข้ณฅ่‚‰ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘้ฃŸในใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ€‚"
06:28
But you sit down, you start eating,
120
388930
2910
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅบงใฃใฆ้ฃŸในๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
06:31
it's delicious so you get more, you get a second plate.
121
391840
4340
ใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้ฃŸในใฆใ€2 ็šฟ็›ฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:36
You fill your plate with turkey, and potatoes,
122
396180
3167
็šฟใซ ไธƒ้ข้ณฅใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใŒใ„ใ‚‚
06:39
and vegetables and then you get a third plate,
123
399347
4803
ใ€้‡Ž่œ ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็šฟ
06:44
more turkey, more potatoes, more vegetables.
124
404150
3460
ใซไธƒ้ข้ณฅใ€ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใŒใ„ใ‚‚ใ€้‡Ž่œใŒๅข—ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:47
Your stomach starts to hurt, you feel tired,
125
407610
3460
่ƒƒใŒ ็—›ใใชใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€
06:51
you don't wanna do anything, you just want to go to bed.
126
411070
2980
ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ— ใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใŸใ ๅฏใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
06:54
You can say, "Ugh, I shouldn't have eaten so much."
127
414050
4180
ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:58
I shouldn't have eaten so much.
128
418230
2510
ใใ‚“ใชใซ้ฃŸในใชใใฆ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:00
Another example is,
129
420740
1890
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏ
07:02
imagine that you are talking with a friend,
130
422630
2650
ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
07:05
you have a disagreement and you say something really nasty.
131
425280
5000
ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅŽ„ไป‹ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็„ถใซ็‰ฉไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ
07:10
So instead of just talking about things naturally,
132
430320
3970
่ฉฑใ™ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
07:14
you say something really nasty and you insult your friend.
133
434290
4660
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅซŒใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃ ใฆๅ‹้”ใ‚’ไพฎ่พฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:18
The next day you can say,
134
438950
1777
็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ€
07:20
"I'm so sorry, I shouldn't have said that."
135
440727
3303
ใ€Œใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚“ใช ใ“ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
I'm so sorry, I shouldn't have said that.
136
444030
2503
็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:28
Here is a good time to practice your writing.
137
448600
3190
ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ
07:31
If your listening on a platform that has a comment section,
138
451790
4200
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€
07:35
leave an example using I shouldn't have,
139
455990
4540
I should not have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
07:40
an actual example from your life.
140
460530
2490
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”ŸใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
It could be from today, it could be from the past,
141
463020
3570
ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ
07:46
it could be recent, or it could be from a long time ago.
142
466590
3810
ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎใ“ใจ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
07:50
And if you're not listening on a platform
143
470400
2180
ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใง่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
07:52
that allows you to write a comment,
144
472580
1540
07:54
then just use a notebook for now.
145
474120
2380
ใฏใ€ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:56
Write down an example saying I shouldn't have,
146
476500
3250
ๆŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ€
07:59
and write that down.
147
479750
1503
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
So should have again, is mainly used to give advice
148
482260
4120
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไธปใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
08:06
or recommendations for past events,
149
486380
3910
ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
the event has gone but maybe you have advice for the past.
150
490290
4750
ใใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฏใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:15
And sometimes you can learn from this.
151
495040
2600
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
So when you say, "Oh, I shouldn't have eaten so much,"
152
497640
3290
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใใ‚“ใชใซ้ฃŸในใชใใฆ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
08:20
next time don't eat so much.
153
500930
2640
ใจใใฏใ€ๆฌกใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ฃŸในใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:23
Let's talk about could have now, could have.
154
503570
4130
could have nowใ€could have ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:27
We use could have when we're talking about something
155
507700
3540
็งใŸใกใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใงใใ‚‹
08:31
that we had the ability to do but we didn't do it.
156
511240
4760
่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€could have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
We had the ability to do something but we didn't do it.
157
516000
4053
็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:41
An example from my life.
158
521000
2560
็งใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
08:43
When I left school,
159
523560
2420
็งใŒๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใŸใจใใ€
08:45
or we call it college in the UK,
160
525980
2460
ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใงใฏใ‚ซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„
08:48
this is before university.
161
528440
2400
ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงๅญฆใฎๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:50
So, I finished college at 18
162
530840
2930
ใใ‚Œใงใ€18ๆญณ
08:53
and I went to university just after finishing college,
163
533770
4620
ใงๅคงๅญฆใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใฆใ™ใใซๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใ€ ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชๅคงๅญฆ
08:58
and I had the opportunity to go to various universities.
164
538390
5000
ใซ่กŒใๆฉŸไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
09:05
And I can say, "I could've gone to Newcastle University,
165
545400
5000
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
09:11
but I went to Leeds instead."
166
551540
2780
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒชใƒผใ‚บใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:14
I could have gone to Newcastle University,
167
554320
2480
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
09:16
but I went to Leeds instead.
168
556800
2573
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒชใƒผใ‚บใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:20
This states that Newcastle University
169
560450
3740
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซๅคงๅญฆ
09:24
accepted me as a student but I didn't go,
170
564190
4640
ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใŒใ€็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€่กŒใ
09:28
I had the opportunity to go but I didn't go.
171
568830
3440
ๆฉŸไผš ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
Another example is,
172
572270
1747
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€
09:34
"I could have passed that test,
173
574017
2493
ใ€Œใใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€
09:36
but I didn't really work hard enough."
174
576510
3440
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:39
I could've passed that test, but I didn't work hard enough.
175
579950
4783
็งใฏใใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅๅˆ†ใชๅŠชๅŠ›ใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:45
Again, this sounds a little bit
176
585880
3450
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
09:49
like a third conditional,
177
589330
2560
ใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฎใ‚ˆใ†
09:51
and we'll talk about that in a second.
178
591890
2250
ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:54
But a lot of the time,
179
594140
1560
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎ
09:55
instead of using the third conditional,
180
595700
2290
ๅ ดๅˆใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
09:57
we can just use the past simple.
181
597990
2960
ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ Perfect English Grammar
10:00
Another example from Perfect English Grammar,
182
600950
2750
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€
10:03
I'll leave a link to this as well.
183
603700
1887
ใ“ใ‚Œใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
"Julie could have bought the book,
184
605587
1833
ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒชใƒผใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
10:07
but she borrowed it from the library instead."
185
607420
3405
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
10:10
You can just say,
186
610825
833
10:11
"I could have bought it, but I borrowed it instead."
187
611658
3622
ใ€Œ่ฒทใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:15
You had the ability to do it but you didn't do it.
188
615280
3300
ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:18
Another example is this.
189
618580
1227
ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
10:19
Imagine that I go and open the fridge and I say,
190
619807
4850
็งใŒ่กŒใฃ ใฆๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ€
10:24
"Oh, we have no milk,
191
624657
2083
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็‰›ไนณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
10:26
you just went shopping but we have no milk."
192
626740
2780
ใ‚“ใ€‚่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็‰›ไนณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:29
And I'm talking to my wife here.
193
629520
2340
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฆปใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:31
My wife says, "Well, I could have bought some,
194
631860
2820
ๅฆปใฏใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ ่ฒทใˆใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€
10:34
but you didn't tell me."
195
634680
1520
ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:36
I could have bought some, but you didn't tell me.
196
636200
3693
็งใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:41
It's time to turn that last sentence
197
641160
3090
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡
10:44
into the third conditional, are you ready?
198
644250
2283
ใ‚’ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
10:47
I could have bought some milk,
199
647510
2220
็‰›ไนณ
10:49
if you had told me we need some.
200
649730
3280
ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€็‰›ไนณใ‚’่ฒทใˆใŸใฎใซใ€‚
10:53
I could have bought some milk,
201
653010
1390
็‰›ไนณใŒ
10:54
if you told me we needed some.
202
654400
2333
ๅฟ…่ฆใ ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€็‰›ไนณใ‚’่ฒทใˆใŸใฎใซใ€‚
10:57
However, I think that it's more common to say,
203
657620
3787
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
11:01
"I could have bought some milk,
204
661407
1163
ใ€Œ็‰›ไนณใ‚’่ฒทใˆ
11:02
but you didn't tell me to get any."
205
662570
2600
ใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‰›ไนณใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
So again, it's important to think about using could have
206
665170
5000
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
11:10
in sentences that feel like the third conditional,
207
670700
3020
ใ€3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใฎ could have ใฎไฝฟ็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใช 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’
11:13
but we're not always using the exact third conditional.
208
673720
4800
ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
11:18
And I'll leave the examples that I'm using
209
678520
2240
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใฎใงใ€
11:20
below in the description so you can read along,
210
680760
3060
ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
11:23
and just think about these a little bit more.
211
683820
3280
ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„.
11:27
So could have, we're talking about something
212
687100
2200
ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็ง
11:29
that we had the ability to do in the past,
213
689300
2600
ใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใงใใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸ
11:31
but we didn't do it.
214
691900
1220
ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:33
I could have gone to Newcastle University,
215
693120
2430
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
11:35
but I went to Leeds instead.
216
695550
2033
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใƒชใƒผใ‚บใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:38
Before I move on to would have,
217
698720
1600
would have ใซ็งปใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
11:40
there is one more example of could have,
218
700320
2660
ใ€could have ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Š
11:42
because we can use it with an element of criticism, okay?
219
702980
5000
ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ‰นๅˆคใฎ่ฆ็ด ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:48
So for example, my friends they had this massive party,
220
708970
5000
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบ ใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้–‹ใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
11:54
but only invited me after it started.
221
714380
4010
็งใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅง‹ใพใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:58
And I can say to them in this case because I'm disappointed,
222
718390
4030
ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—
12:02
I couldn't go because I didn't have time to go.
223
722420
4200
ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่กŒใๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง่กŒใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:06
I can tell them, "Oh, you could have invited me earlier."
224
726620
4140
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:10
You could have invited me earlier.
225
730760
2520
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:13
So we're using this with criticism,
226
733280
3120
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ใซไฝฟใฃ
12:16
we're saying you had the possibility
227
736400
1930
ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฅๅ‰ใซ็งใ‚’ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใซ
12:18
to invite me earlier and you didn't,
228
738330
2250
ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
12:20
and that's why I couldn't come.
229
740580
2770
็งใŒๆฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:23
You could have invited me earlier.
230
743350
2013
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:26
Okay, let's talk about would have now.
231
746310
3320
ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:29
Let's talk about would have,
232
749630
2740
would have ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซ
12:32
and we use would have when we want to imagine
233
752370
5000
would have ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
12:38
a result in the past ,
234
758010
2260
12:40
to imagine what would be different
235
760270
3830
12:44
if something else had happened, okay?
236
764100
4950
ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใซไฝ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Again, most people will think about would have
237
769050
3050
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ
12:52
using the third conditional.
238
772100
2820
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:54
However, just like could have,
239
774920
2320
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†
12:57
we can use it in different ways too.
240
777240
2700
ใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:59
Let's start with an example.
241
779940
2580
ไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:02
We'll use the third conditional first.
242
782520
2290
ๆœ€ๅˆใซ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:04
So, when I was talking about university before,
243
784810
3390
ไปฅๅ‰ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใ
13:08
we had the University of Leeds
244
788200
1870
ใ€
13:10
and the university of Newcastle.
245
790070
3430
ใƒชใƒผใ‚บๅคงๅญฆใจใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใ‚นใƒซๅคงๅญฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:13
I also applied although this isn't true,
246
793500
2990
็งใ‚‚ๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
13:16
but let's just say it is true.
247
796490
1630
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:18
I also applied to Oxford University
248
798120
2610
็งใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซๅ‡บ้ก˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
13:20
but they said no, they said,
249
800730
2107
ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
13:22
"Sorry, we are not accepting you as a student here."
250
802837
5000
ๆ–ญใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:28
I can say, "If Oxford had accepted me,
251
808140
3940
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
13:32
I would have gone there."
252
812967
2548
็งใฏใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:35
If Oxford had accepted me, I would have gone there.
253
815515
5000
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:40
And just to follow on from this,
254
820660
1947
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ็ถšใ„ใฆใ€
13:42
"If I had gone to Oxford University, I would have hated it."
255
822607
5000
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅซŒใ ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€.
13:47
If I had gone to Oxford University, I would have hated it.
256
827750
4350
ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅซŒใ ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:52
So again, we're imagining results in the past.
257
832100
4620
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
We're imagining different things happening in the past
258
836720
4490
็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„
14:01
by changing the past as well.
259
841210
2870
ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:04
Oxford University didn't accept me as a student,
260
844080
3590
ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใฏ ็งใ‚’ๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ—ใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œ
14:07
but if they had accepted me I would have gone there.
261
847670
4530
ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:12
To use this without using that structured
262
852200
3360
ๆง‹้€ ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
14:15
third conditional sentence you can say,
263
855560
2927
3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
14:18
"I would have gone to Oxford University,
264
858487
2373
ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
14:20
but they didn't accept me."
265
860860
2220
ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:23
I would've gone to Oxford University,
266
863080
2160
ใ‚ชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ‰ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™
14:25
but they didn't accept me.
267
865240
2580
ใŒใ€ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:27
A super common example here which is really useful is,
268
867820
3700
ใ“ใ“ ใง้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชไพ‹ใฏใ€
14:31
if I had more time,
269
871520
2010
ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
14:33
people talk about this a lot.
270
873530
2040
ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:35
They'll say things like,
271
875570
1477
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€
14:37
"Ugh, I would have done it if I had more time."
272
877047
2470
ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:39
"I would have come to the party if I had more time."
273
879517
3700
ใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใŸใฎใซใ€‚ใ€
14:43
"I would have traveled more if I had more money."
274
883217
3140
ใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€
14:46
"I would have traveled more in the past
275
886357
2373
ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—…่กŒใ—ใŸ
14:48
if I had more money."
276
888730
2330
ใฎใซใ€‚ใ€
14:51
So again, we're talking about things in the past
277
891060
3090
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ
14:54
and imagining different results in the past,
278
894150
3330
ๅˆฅใฎ ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆ
14:57
if something else were different.
279
897480
2483
ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
Let's talk about contractions and pronunciation here
280
901070
2940
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใจ็™บ้Ÿณ
15:04
and how this is retracted.
281
904010
2660
ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŽ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:06
So, in spoken English you'll often hear,
282
906670
2570
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ่žใใ€
15:09
should've, could've, and would've.
283
909240
2770
ใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใงใใŸใฏใšใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ ใฃใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
15:12
And a lot of the time this also gets contracted further to,
284
912010
4650
ใใ—ใฆๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
15:16
shoulda, woulda, coulda, or shoulda, coulda, woulda.
285
916660
2490
็ธฎ็ด„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:19
Shoulda, coulda, woulda,
286
919150
2450
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒƒใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒƒใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ€ใ€
15:21
shoulda, coulda, woulda, okay?
287
921600
3690
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒƒใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ฏใƒƒใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ€ใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผ๏ผŸ
15:25
So instead of saying should have,
288
925290
1910
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ™ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ™ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹
15:27
you can say shoulda, I shoulda done it.
289
927200
3810
ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:31
Practice that, I shoulda done it, I shoulda done it.
290
931010
4433
ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:36
Again, this is giving recommendations to yourself.
291
936550
3107
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๆŽจๅฅจไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:39
"Oh, I didn't do it but I shoulda done it."
292
939657
3603
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใ ใ ใฃใŸ.ใ€
15:43
I shoulda done it.
293
943260
1023
ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:45
And then practice this one, "You coulda done it."
294
945510
2767
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:49
You could have done it.
295
949550
1150
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:52
And then, "I woulda done it but I didn't want to."
296
952170
3057
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃ ใŸใ‘ใฉใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
15:57
I woulda done it but I didn't want to.
297
957190
2543
ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:01
Okay, hopefully that gives you a good overview
298
961400
2890
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใค
16:04
of how to you should have, could have, and would have.
299
964290
3830
ในใใ€ๆŒใค ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ๆŒใคใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
16:08
And the key to this is practice,
300
968120
2800
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ้ตใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
16:10
and also understanding how it is used first
301
970920
3720
ใพใšใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
16:14
before you do practice.
302
974640
2080
.
16:16
So what I recommend doing now,
303
976720
2740
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง
16:19
what you should do now is write some sentences
304
979460
4250
ใŒไปŠใ‚„ใ‚‹
16:23
using should have, could have, and would have,
305
983710
3160
ในใใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ™ในใใ“ใจใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†
16:26
and make them really relevant to your life.
306
986870
4310
ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
16:31
So make them relevant to your life and talk about examples,
307
991180
4150
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใซ้–ข้€ฃใ•ใ› ใ€ไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃ
16:35
write down examples that have happened recently.
308
995330
4110
ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
16:39
And again, if you're on a platform
309
999440
1750
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—
16:41
that allows you to do that,
310
1001190
1720
ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใชใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
16:42
then do it in the comment section.
311
1002910
1960
ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:44
If not, do it in your notes
312
1004870
2110
ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒกใƒข
16:46
and use the grammar tool that I recommend,
313
1006980
3700
ใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒๆŽจๅฅจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่ชฌๆ˜Ž
16:50
I'll leave the link to that in the description.
314
1010680
4000
ใซใใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:54
And also while you're in the description,
315
1014680
1570
ใพใŸใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’
16:56
check out my book, "The Five Step Plan for English Fluency."
316
1016250
3290
่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใซใ€็งใฎๆœฌใ€ŒThe Five Step Plan for English Fluencyใ€ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
16:59
The resources I use for this lesson,
317
1019540
2680
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น
17:02
and the other links that I'll leave down there too.
318
1022220
3700
ใจใ€ ใใ“ใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใŠใไป–ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ€‚
17:05
And remember, be sure to subscribe to my lessons
319
1025920
3490
ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„
17:09
on the platform that you're listening to them right now.
320
1029410
4130
ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใง็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ 
17:13
And then click that Share button,
321
1033540
2120
ใ•ใ„. ๆฌกใซใ€ใใฎ [ๅ…ฑๆœ‰] ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€
17:15
and send this lesson to a friend.
322
1035660
3630
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹้”ใซ้€ไฟกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:19
You can send it by email, by messenger, by message,
323
1039290
4440
ใƒกใƒผใƒซ ใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใง้€ไฟกใ—
17:23
or just share it on a social media platform.
324
1043730
3250
ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:26
Once you've done that let me know,
325
1046980
1820
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
17:28
and I'll be very grateful to you.
326
1048800
2850
ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™.
17:31
Okay, thank you again for listening.
327
1051650
1950
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:33
And before you go, check out the other episodes and lessons
328
1053600
4700
่กŒใๅ‰
17:38
that I've made by just clicking onto my profile
329
1058300
3720
ใซใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
17:42
and listening to more lessons.
330
1062020
2340
ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€็งใŒไฝœใฃใŸไป–ใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:44
Okay, thanks again,
331
1064360
1310
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€
17:45
and I'll speak to you soon, bye bye.
332
1065670
1800
ใพใŸใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7