LEARN ENGLISH PODCAST: FINALLY UNDERSTAND PAST MODALS - SHOULD, COULD, WOULD HAVE (SUBTITLES)

163,323 views ・ 2021-12-09

To Fluency


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
- [Jack] Should have, could have, would have.
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- [Jack] ν–ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄, ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄, ν–ˆμ„ 텐데.
00:04
Today we're going to talk about modal verbs for the past,
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였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 쑰동사에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 것이고,
00:09
and you're also going to learn
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00:11
how to use these as reductions.
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이것을 μΆ•μ†Œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법도 배울 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
00:14
So for example, shoulda, coulda, woulda,
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, shoulda, cana, woulda
00:17
or should've, could've, would've.
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λ˜λŠ” should've, could've, would'veκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
And I'm gonna give you lots of examples
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그리고 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ should, would 및 couldλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:23
so that you can finally understand exactly
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00:27
how to use these advanced modal verbs,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³ κΈ‰ 쑰동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ •ν™•νžˆ 이해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§Žμ€ 예λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:30
to use should, would, and could to talk about the past.
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.
00:35
Hello, my name is Jack from tofluency.com,
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 제 이름은 tofluency.com의 Jackμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
and this is the To Fluency podcast,
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이곳은
00:41
a place where you can learn English,
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 배우고 μ „ 세계 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ‚˜
00:44
and listen to my English lessons from anywhere in the world.
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제 μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 듀을 수 μžˆλŠ” To Fluency νŒŸμΊμŠ€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:49
Before I get started,
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μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에
00:50
I do want to talk about a couple of things.
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λͺ‡ 가지 사항에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
First, I have a free book,
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λ¨Όμ €
00:55
"The Five Step Plan for English Fluency,"
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"The Five Step Plan for English Fluency"λΌλŠ” 무료 책이 μžˆλŠ”λ° μ„€λͺ…
00:57
click the link in the description to download that.
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에 μžˆλŠ” 링크λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:01
And also if you haven't subscribed to my lessons yet,
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λ˜ν•œ 아직 제 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌμ…¨λ‹€λ©΄
01:05
just click the Subscribe button or the Follow button.
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ꡬ독 λ²„νŠΌμ΄λ‚˜ νŒ”λ‘œμš° λ²„νŠΌμ„ ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:09
And if you want to take it an extra step further,
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ν•œ 단계 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄,
01:13
if you want to do something else in addition,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 더 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
01:16
then click the Share button and share this lesson.
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곡유 λ²„νŠΌμ„ 클릭 ν•˜κ³  이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:21
Before we talk about how to use,
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μ‚¬μš© 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° 전에
01:23
should have, could have, and would have,
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should,
01:25
let's just very quickly talk about should, could, and would.
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could 및 would에 λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:31
And my friend Shayna at espressoenglish.net
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그리고 espressoenglish.net의 제 친ꡬ ShaynaλŠ”
01:36
tell us about this in a very succinct way.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 κ°„κ²°ν•˜κ²Œ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
A way that helps you understand it clearly,
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λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 방법이며
01:43
and I'll leave a link to her lesson in the description too.
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μ„€λͺ…에 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 레슨 링크도 λ‚¨κ²¨λ‘κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
But she says, "Should is use for recommendation and advice,"
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” " κΆŒκ³ μ™€ 쑰언을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜λ©°
01:52
and these are general rules here.
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이것이 일반적인 κ·œμΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
For example, if you want to lose weight,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 살을 λΉΌκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
01:57
you should eat healthy food.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μŒμ‹μ„ λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Could is used for possibilities.
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couldλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성에 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
For example you can say,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
02:05
"Oh, we could go away this weekend, right?"
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"μ•„, 이번 주말에 우리 멀리 갈 수 μžˆμ§€ , 그렇지?"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
We could go away this weekend,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이번 주말에 λ– λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
it's a possibility, something that you could do.
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당신이 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
And would is for imagining results,
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그리고 wouldλŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
"If I were rich, I would buy a boat."
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"λ‚΄κ°€ λΆ€μžλΌλ©΄ λ°°λ₯Ό μ‚΄ 텐데."
02:21
If I were rich, I would buy a boat.
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λ‚΄κ°€ λΆ€μžλΌλ©΄ λ°°λ₯Ό μ‚΄ 텐데.
02:23
And this is a quick question,
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그리고 이것은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
if you were rich what would be
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당신이 λΆ€μžλΌλ©΄ κ°€μž₯
02:26
the first thing you would buy?
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λ¨Όμ € 무엇을 μ‚΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:29
So again, the general rule is,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ 일반적인 κ·œμΉ™μ€
02:30
should is for recommendations or advice,
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ꢌμž₯ μ‚¬ν•­μ΄λ‚˜ 쑰언을 μœ„ν•œ ꢌμž₯ 사항,
02:34
could is for possibilities,
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κ°€λŠ₯성을 μœ„ν•œ μž‘μ—…,
02:37
and would is for imagining results.
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
Again, I'll leave a link to this lesson in the description.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 μ„€λͺ…에 이 κ°•μ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 링크λ₯Ό λ‚¨κ²¨λ‘κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:44
The good news is when we use should have, could have,
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ should have, could have, would
02:48
and would have that same general rule applies.
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haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ λ™μΌν•œ 일반 κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μ μš©λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
So, what we're doing here is we're talking
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은
02:56
about imaginary situations in the past.
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과거의 가상 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
We're talking about things in the past
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03:03
by using should have, could have, and would have.
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should have, could have, would haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 과거의 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
So that's the first thing to know,
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이것이 κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
we use should have, could have, and would have for the past.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ should have, could have, would haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
This is fun because this is where you can play around
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이것은 당신이 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό 쑰금 가지고 놀 수 μžˆλŠ” 곳이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μž¬λ―ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:20
with the language a little bit.
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.
03:21
And also just talk about how things would have,
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λ˜ν•œ 과거에 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일이 λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 상황이 어땠을지, 과거에
03:26
how things would have been different
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상황이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:28
in the past if something else happened?
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03:32
It's really good fun to talk about this.
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 정말 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
But should have as well,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
we can use it to talk about regrets,
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ν›„νšŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있고 과거에 κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 쑰언이 무엇인지에
03:38
we can use it to talk about
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λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:40
what the best advice should have been in the past.
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.
03:44
And most people think would have
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그리고 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ wouldκ°€
03:46
is only used in the third conditional,
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μ„Έ 번째 μ‘°κ±΄λ¬Έμ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€κ³  생각
03:48
but we don't have to use it for the third conditional.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„Έ 번째 μ‘°κ±΄λ¬Έμ—λŠ” μ‚¬μš©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
So let's start with should have.
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:55
I like should have, people use this a lot,
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λ‚˜λŠ” μžˆμ–΄μ•Όν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것을 많이 μ‚¬μš©
03:58
and we mainly talk about this
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ν•˜κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주둜
04:01
to give advice for past events,
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04:05
so to give advice for past events.
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κ³Όκ±° μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 쑰언을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
So, before I said should is mainly used
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” shouldκ°€ 주둜
04:11
for recommendations or advice,
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μΆ”μ²œμ΄λ‚˜ 쑰언에 μ“°μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄
04:14
should have is used for recommendations
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shouldλŠ”
04:17
or advice in the past.
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과거에 μΆ”μ²œμ΄λ‚˜ 쑰언에 μ“°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
04:19
And a lot of the time we use this like I said before,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 전에 λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄
04:23
when talking about regrets.
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ν›„νšŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
So imagine, let's start with an example.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
Imagine that my friend is running
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λ‚΄ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€
04:34
a big race tomorrow morning,
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내일 아침에 큰 κ²½μ£Όλ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:37
so she has a big running race tomorrow morning.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 내일 아침에 큰 κ²½μ£Όλ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
She's running a marathon,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ§ˆλΌν†€μ„ ν•˜κ³ 
04:43
and as a friend I want to give her some advice.
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있고 μΉœκ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λͺ‡ 가지 쑰언을 ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
She probably already knows this but I say,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 이것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ λ‚˜λŠ”
04:50
"You should go to bed early tonight."
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"였늘 λ°€ 일찍 μžμ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
You should go to bed early tonight,
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였늘 밀은 일찍 μžμ•Ό ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ
04:55
so this is advice right now,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 좩고인데
04:58
however I see her in the morning,
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아침에 λ³΄λ‹ˆ
05:01
she looks exhausted, she looks so tired.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 지쳐보이고 λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν”Όκ³€ν•΄ λ³΄μ—¬μš”.
05:06
And I asked her, "You look tired, what did you do?"
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" ν”Όκ³€ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ° λ­ν–ˆμ–΄?"
05:11
And she says, "Ugh, I stayed up late
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” "으, λ‚˜λŠ”
05:14
watching that new Netflix series."
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κ·Έ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ Netflix μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλ₯Ό λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ λŠ¦κ²ŒκΉŒμ§€ κΉ¨μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
And I say to her,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ
05:19
"Well, you should have come to bed earlier,
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"κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 당신은 더 일찍 μž μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ ,
05:22
you shouldn't have watched TV so late."
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 늦게 TVλ₯Ό 보지 λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
You should have gone to bed earlier,
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일찍 μž μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄,
05:28
you shouldn't have watched TV so late.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 늦게 TVλ₯Ό 보지 λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄.
05:32
So in this case, I am giving her advice for the past.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 과거에 λŒ€ν•œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 쑰언을 ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
I am saying what she should have done,
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일,
05:42
recommendations or advice for the past.
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과거에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌμž₯ 사항 λ˜λŠ” 쑰언을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
And in this case it's gone, you can't change the past.
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그리고 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
It's a little bit unique in a way,
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그것은 μ–΄λ–€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ•½κ°„ λ…νŠΉν•˜λ©°, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 언어에도
05:56
and I'm sure have something similar
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 것이 μžˆμ„ 것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:58
in your own language too.
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.
06:00
But when you say you should go to bed early,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일찍 μžμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
06:03
you're given advice for now or the future.
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ν˜„μž¬λ‚˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 쑰언을 λ°›λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
But if you say you should have gone to bed earlier,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 일찍 μž μžλ¦¬μ— λ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
06:08
you're giving advice for the past.
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과거에 λŒ€ν•œ μΆ©κ³ λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
You can give yourself advice too.
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μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 쑰언을 쀄 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
For example, let's say you go
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 당신이
06:16
to a Thanksgiving party and you think,
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μΆ”μˆ˜κ°μ‚¬μ ˆ νŒŒν‹°μ— κ°€μ„œ
06:19
"Okay, I'm not going to eat so much today,
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"μ’‹μ•„, μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 많이 먹지 μ•Šμ„κ±°μ•Ό. μ§„μ •ν• κ²Œ.
06:23
I'm gonna take it easy,
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06:25
I'm just gonna eat a little bit of turkey and that's it."
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μΉ λ©΄μ‘°λ₯Ό 쑰금 λ¨Ήμ„κ²Œ. 그것."
06:28
But you sit down, you start eating,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•‰μ•„μ„œ λ¨ΉκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
06:31
it's delicious so you get more, you get a second plate.
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λ§›μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 더 λ¨Ήκ³  두 번째 μ ‘μ‹œλ₯Ό μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
You fill your plate with turkey, and potatoes,
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칠면쑰, 감자,
06:39
and vegetables and then you get a third plate,
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μ•Όμ±„λ‘œ μ ‘μ‹œλ₯Ό μ±„μš°κ³  μ„Έ 번째 μ ‘μ‹œμ—
06:44
more turkey, more potatoes, more vegetables.
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μΉ λ©΄μ‘°, 감자, 야채λ₯Ό 더 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
Your stomach starts to hurt, you feel tired,
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λ°°κ°€ μ•„ν”„κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ , ν”Όκ³€ν•˜κ³ ,
06:51
you don't wanna do anything, you just want to go to bed.
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아무것도 ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šκ³ , κ·Έλƒ₯ 자러 κ°€κ³  싢을 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
You can say, "Ugh, I shouldn't have eaten so much."
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"μ–΄, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 많이 먹지 λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
I shouldn't have eaten so much.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 많이 먹지 λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄.
07:00
Another example is,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλŠ”
07:02
imagine that you are talking with a friend,
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당신이 μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있고 의견이
07:05
you have a disagreement and you say something really nasty.
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μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©° 정말 λΆˆμΎŒν•œ 말을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:10
So instead of just talking about things naturally,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλƒ₯ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:14
you say something really nasty and you insult your friend.
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정말 μ‹¬μˆ κΆ‚μ€ 말을 ν•˜κ³  친ꡬλ₯Ό λͺ¨μš•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
The next day you can say,
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λ‹€μŒλ‚  당신은
07:20
"I'm so sorry, I shouldn't have said that."
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"λ―Έμ•ˆν•΄, 그런 말을 ν•˜μ§€ λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
I'm so sorry, I shouldn't have said that.
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정말 λ―Έμ•ˆν•΄, 그런 말을 ν•˜μ§€ λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄. κΈ€μ“°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:28
Here is a good time to practice your writing.
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쒋은 μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ”
07:31
If your listening on a platform that has a comment section,
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ μ²­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 경우
07:35
leave an example using I shouldn't have,
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I should n't haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 예λ₯Ό λ‚¨κ²¨μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
07:40
an actual example from your life.
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μ‹€μ œ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
It could be from today, it could be from the past,
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그것은 였늘일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고, 과거일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
07:46
it could be recent, or it could be from a long time ago.
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졜근일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고, μ•„μ£Ό μ˜€λž˜μ „ 일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ“κΈ€μ„ μž‘μ„±ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:50
And if you're not listening on a platform
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ λ“£κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄
07:52
that allows you to write a comment,
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07:54
then just use a notebook for now.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
07:56
Write down an example saying I shouldn't have,
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λ‚΄κ°€ 가지면 μ•ˆλœλ‹€λŠ” 예λ₯Ό 적고
07:59
and write that down.
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그것을 적어 λ‘μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:02
So should have again, is mainly used to give advice
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So should have again은 주둜
08:06
or recommendations for past events,
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κ³Όκ±° μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‘°μ–Έμ΄λ‚˜ ꢌμž₯ 사항을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©°
08:10
the event has gone but maybe you have advice for the past.
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μ΄λ²€νŠΈλŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ 과거에 λŒ€ν•œ 쑰언이 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And sometimes you can learn from this.
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그리고 λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 당신은 μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
So when you say, "Oh, I shouldn't have eaten so much,"
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ "μ•„, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 많이 먹지 λ§μ•˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄"라고 말할 λ•Œ
08:20
next time don't eat so much.
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λ‹€μŒμ— λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 먹지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
08:23
Let's talk about could have now, could have.
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κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€, κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©μ‹œλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할
08:27
We use could have when we're talking about something
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λ•Œ could haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:31
that we had the ability to do but we didn't do it.
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.
08:36
We had the ability to do something but we didn't do it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무언가λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 그것을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
An example from my life.
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λ‚΄ μΈμƒμ˜ 예.
08:43
When I left school,
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λ‚΄κ°€ 학ꡐλ₯Ό 떠났을 λ•Œ,
08:45
or we call it college in the UK,
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λ˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ 그것을 λŒ€ν•™μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯Ό λ•Œ,
08:48
this is before university.
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이것은 λŒ€ν•™ μ΄μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
So, I finished college at 18
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 18세에 λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜κ³ 
08:53
and I went to university just after finishing college,
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λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ‘Έμ—…ν•œ 직후에 λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„ν•™ν–ˆκ³ 
08:58
and I had the opportunity to go to various universities.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λŒ€ν•™μ— 갈 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
And I can say, "I could've gone to Newcastle University,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” " λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ— 갈 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:11
but I went to Leeds instead."
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λŒ€μ‹  λ¦¬μ¦ˆμ— κ°”μ–΄μš”."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
I could have gone to Newcastle University,
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Newcastle University에 갈 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:16
but I went to Leeds instead.
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λŒ€μ‹  Leeds에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
This states that Newcastle University
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이것은 λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬ λŒ€ν•™κ΅κ°€ μ €λ₯Ό
09:24
accepted me as a student but I didn't go,
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ν•™μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ 가지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³ , 갈
09:28
I had the opportunity to go but I didn't go.
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κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 가지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
Another example is,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλŠ”
09:34
"I could have passed that test,
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"λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡과할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
09:36
but I didn't really work hard enough."
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λ‚˜λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
I could've passed that test, but I didn't work hard enough.
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡과할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
09:45
Again, this sounds a little bit
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은
09:49
like a third conditional,
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μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문처럼 λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
and we'll talk about that in a second.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μž μ‹œ 후에 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
But a lot of the time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우
09:55
instead of using the third conditional,
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μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  λ‹¨μˆœ
09:57
we can just use the past simple.
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κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Perfect English Grammar
10:00
Another example from Perfect English Grammar,
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의 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예인
10:03
I'll leave a link to this as well.
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이것에 λŒ€ν•œ 링크도 남길 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
"Julie could have bought the book,
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"JulieλŠ” 책을 μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λŒ€μ‹  λ„μ„œκ΄€
10:07
but she borrowed it from the library instead."
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μ—μ„œ λΉŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."
10:10
You can just say,
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당신은
10:11
"I could have bought it, but I borrowed it instead."
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"λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λŒ€μ‹  λΉŒλ Έλ‹€"κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
You had the ability to do it but you didn't do it.
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당신은 그것을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 그것을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
Another example is this.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
Imagine that I go and open the fridge and I say,
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λ‚΄κ°€ κ°€μ„œ 냉μž₯κ³ λ₯Ό μ—΄κ³ 
10:24
"Oh, we have no milk,
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"μš°μœ κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
10:26
you just went shopping but we have no milk."
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당신은 방금 쇼핑을 κ°”λŠ”λ° μš°μœ κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”."라고 λ§ν•œλ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:29
And I'm talking to my wife here.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 제 아내와 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
My wife says, "Well, I could have bought some,
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제 μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” "κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ œκ°€ μ’€ μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
10:34
but you didn't tell me."
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당신이 μ €μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
I could have bought some, but you didn't tell me.
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λͺ‡ 개 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ° 당신이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄.
10:41
It's time to turn that last sentence
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ„Έ
10:44
into the third conditional, are you ready?
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번째 쑰건문으둜 λ°”κΏ€ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”? 당신이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ
10:47
I could have bought some milk,
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μš°μœ κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 우유λ₯Ό μ’€ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 텐데
10:49
if you had told me we need some.
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. 당신이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ
10:53
I could have bought some milk,
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μš°μœ κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” 우유λ₯Ό μ’€ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:54
if you told me we needed some.
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.
10:57
However, I think that it's more common to say,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚˜λŠ”
11:01
"I could have bought some milk,
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"우유λ₯Ό μ‚¬μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
11:02
but you didn't tell me to get any."
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당신이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 아무 것도 μ‚¬μ˜€λΌκ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 더 일반적이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
So again, it's important to think about using could have
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ„Έ 번째 쑰건처럼 λŠκ»΄μ§€λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ could haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:10
in sentences that feel like the third conditional,
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.
11:13
but we're not always using the exact third conditional.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 μ •ν™•ν•œ μ„Έ 번째 쑰건을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
And I'll leave the examples that I'm using
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 예λ₯Ό
11:20
below in the description so you can read along,
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μ•„λž˜ μ„€λͺ…에 남겨 두어 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ 읽고
11:23
and just think about these a little bit more.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
11:27
So could have, we're talking about something
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11:29
that we had the ability to do in the past,
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과거에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
11:31
but we didn't do it.
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ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
I could have gone to Newcastle University,
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Newcastle University에 갈 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
11:35
but I went to Leeds instead.
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λŒ€μ‹  Leeds에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
Before I move on to would have,
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would have둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κΈ° 전에,
11:40
there is one more example of could have,
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could have의 μ˜ˆκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
because we can use it with an element of criticism, okay?
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λΉ„νŒμ˜ μš”μ†Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
11:48
So for example, my friends they had this massive party,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 제 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ νŒŒν‹°λ₯Ό μ—΄μ—ˆ
11:54
but only invited me after it started.
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μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œμ•Ό μ €λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
And I can say to them in this case because I'm disappointed,
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이 경우 μ‹€λ§μŠ€λŸ½κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 갈
12:02
I couldn't go because I didn't have time to go.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ 갈 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
I can tell them, "Oh, you could have invited me earlier."
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ "였, 당신이 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 더 일찍 μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
You could have invited me earlier.
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당신은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 더 일찍 μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
So we're using this with criticism,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 λΉ„νŒκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
we're saying you had the possibility
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 당신이 μ €λ₯Ό
12:18
to invite me earlier and you didn't,
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더 일찍 μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  당신이 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  그것이
12:20
and that's why I couldn't come.
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μ œκ°€ 올 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 이유라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
You could have invited me earlier.
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당신은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 더 일찍 μ΄ˆλŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
Okay, let's talk about would have now.
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μ’‹μ•„, 이제 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μž.
12:29
Let's talk about would have,
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would have 에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 과거의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κ³  싢을 λ•Œ
12:32
and we use would have when we want to imagine
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would have λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
12:38
a result in the past ,
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12:40
to imagine what would be different
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12:44
if something else had happened, okay?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 일이 일어났닀면 무엇이 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„μ§€ 상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
12:49
Again, most people will think about would have
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
12:52
using the third conditional.
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μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ„ 것이라고 생각할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
However, just like could have,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
12:57
we can use it in different ways too.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
Let's start with an example.
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μ˜ˆλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
We'll use the third conditional first.
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μ„Έ 번째 쑰건을 λ¨Όμ € μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
So, when I was talking about university before,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이전에 λŒ€ν•™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ
13:08
we had the University of Leeds
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리즈 λŒ€ν•™
13:10
and the university of Newcastle.
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κ³Ό λ‰΄μΊμŠ¬ λŒ€ν•™μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
I also applied although this isn't true,
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저도 사싀이 μ•„λ‹Œλ° μ‹ μ²­ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
13:16
but let's just say it is true.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 사싀이라고 ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
13:18
I also applied to Oxford University
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μ˜₯μŠ€νΌλ“œ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ—λ„ μ§€μ›ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
13:20
but they said no, they said,
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κ±°μ ˆλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
"Sorry, we are not accepting you as a student here."
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"μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ ν•™μƒμœΌλ‘œ 받아듀이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
13:28
I can say, "If Oxford had accepted me,
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"μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œκ°€ λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄
13:32
I would have gone there."
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λ‚˜λŠ” 거기에 갔을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
If Oxford had accepted me, I would have gone there.
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μ˜₯μŠ€νΌλ“œκ°€ λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” 거기에 갔을 것이닀.
13:40
And just to follow on from this,
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그리고 이것에 이어
13:42
"If I had gone to Oxford University, I would have hated it."
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"λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ— 갔더라면 , λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 μ‹«μ–΄ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
13:47
If I had gone to Oxford University, I would have hated it.
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜₯μŠ€νΌλ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ— 갔더라면 λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 μ‹«μ–΄ν–ˆμ„ 것이닀.
13:52
So again, we're imagining results in the past.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
We're imagining different things happening in the past
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ°”κΏˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 일듀을 μƒμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:01
by changing the past as well.
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.
14:04
Oxford University didn't accept me as a student,
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μ˜₯μŠ€νΌλ“œ λŒ€ν•™κ΅λŠ” λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν•™μƒμœΌλ‘œ 받아듀이지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
14:07
but if they had accepted me I would have gone there.
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그듀이 λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” 거기에 갔을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:12
To use this without using that structured
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κ΅¬μ‘°ν™”λœ μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄
14:15
third conditional sentence you can say,
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14:18
"I would have gone to Oxford University,
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"λ‚˜λŠ” Oxford University에 갔을 텐데
14:20
but they didn't accept me."
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그듀은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 받아듀이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
I would've gone to Oxford University,
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜₯μŠ€νΌλ“œ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ— 갔을 텐데
14:25
but they didn't accept me.
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그듀은 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 받아듀이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
A super common example here which is really useful is,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 정말 μœ μš©ν•œ 맀우 일반적인 μ˜ˆλŠ”
14:31
if I had more time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 있으면
14:33
people talk about this a lot.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 많이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
They'll say things like,
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그듀은
14:37
"Ugh, I would have done it if I had more time."
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"μ–΄, μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ ν–ˆμ„ 텐데."라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
"I would have come to the party if I had more time."
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" μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ νŒŒν‹°μ— 왔을 텐데."
14:43
"I would have traveled more if I had more money."
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" 돈이 더 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 더 많이 μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμ„ 텐데."
14:46
"I would have traveled more in the past
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"돈이 더 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 과거에 더 많이 μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:48
if I had more money."
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."
14:51
So again, we're talking about things in the past
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거의 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기
14:54
and imagining different results in the past,
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ν•˜κ³  과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:57
if something else were different.
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. μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ
15:01
Let's talk about contractions and pronunciation here
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μˆ˜μΆ•κ³Ό λ°œμŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기
15:04
and how this is retracted.
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ν•˜κ³  이것이 μ² νšŒλ˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
15:06
So, in spoken English you'll often hear,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ꡬ어체 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ’…μ’… λ“£κ³ ,
15:09
should've, could've, and would've.
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ , ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ , ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
And a lot of the time this also gets contracted further to,
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그리고 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 이것은
15:16
shoulda, woulda, coulda, or shoulda, coulda, woulda.
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shoulda, woulda, cana λ˜λŠ” shoulda, cana, woulda둜 더 μΆ•μ†Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
Shoulda, coulda, woulda,
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€, ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€, ν•  것이닀
15:21
shoulda, coulda, woulda, okay?
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, ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€, ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€, ν•  것이닀, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€?
15:25
So instead of saying should have,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ— ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ 
15:27
you can say shoulda, I shoulda done it.
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말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:31
Practice that, I shoulda done it, I shoulda done it.
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μ—°μŠ΅ν–ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄, ν–ˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄.
15:36
Again, this is giving recommendations to yourself.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ ꢌμž₯ 사항을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
"Oh, I didn't do it but I shoulda done it."
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"μ•„, λ‚΄κ°€ μ•ˆ ν–ˆλŠ”λ° ν–ˆμ–΄μ•Όμ§€."
15:43
I shoulda done it.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 ν–ˆμ–΄μ•Όν–ˆλ‹€.
15:45
And then practice this one, "You coulda done it."
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그런 λ‹€μŒ "ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”."라고 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
15:49
You could have done it.
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당신은 그것을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
15:52
And then, "I woulda done it but I didn't want to."
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” "ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ ν•˜κΈ° μ‹«μ—ˆλ‹€."
15:57
I woulda done it but I didn't want to.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
16:01
Okay, hopefully that gives you a good overview
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μ’‹μ•„, λ°”λΌκ±΄λŒ€ 그것은
16:04
of how to you should have, could have, and would have.
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당신이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있고, κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 쒋은 κ°œμš”λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:08
And the key to this is practice,
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그리고 μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ 핡심은 μ—°μŠ΅μ΄λ©°,
16:10
and also understanding how it is used first
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λ˜ν•œ
16:14
before you do practice.
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μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜κΈ° 전에 λ¨Όμ € μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:16
So what I recommend doing now,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ ꢌμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것은,
16:19
what you should do now is write some sentences
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μ§€κΈˆ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것은
16:23
using should have, could have, and would have,
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should have, could have, would would haveλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ‡ 가지 λ¬Έμž₯을 μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
16:26
and make them really relevant to your life.
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그것듀을 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άκ³Ό μ •λ§λ‘œ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:31
So make them relevant to your life and talk about examples,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 그것듀을 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ‚Άκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λ˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ˜ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
16:35
write down examples that have happened recently.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 예λ₯Ό μ μ–΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
16:39
And again, if you're on a platform
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν”Œλž«νΌμ— μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
16:41
that allows you to do that,
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16:42
then do it in the comment section.
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λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
16:44
If not, do it in your notes
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그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 경우 λ©”λͺ¨μ— μž‘μ„±
16:46
and use the grammar tool that I recommend,
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ν•˜κ³  μ œκ°€ ꢌμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 문법 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
16:50
I'll leave the link to that in the description.
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μ„€λͺ…에 ν•΄λ‹Ή 링크λ₯Ό λ‚¨κ²¨λ‘κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:54
And also while you're in the description,
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λ˜ν•œ μ„€λͺ…에 μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
16:56
check out my book, "The Five Step Plan for English Fluency."
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제 μ±… "The Five Step Plan for English Fluency"λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
16:59
The resources I use for this lesson,
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€
17:02
and the other links that I'll leave down there too.
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와 거기에 λ‚¨κ²¨λ‘˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 링크도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
And remember, be sure to subscribe to my lessons
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ λ“£κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ 제 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ„Έμš”
17:09
on the platform that you're listening to them right now.
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.
17:13
And then click that Share button,
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 곡유 λ²„νŠΌμ„ 클릭
17:15
and send this lesson to a friend.
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ν•˜κ³  이 λ ˆμŠ¨μ„ μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:19
You can send it by email, by messenger, by message,
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이메일, λ©”μ‹ μ €, λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ‘œ 보내
17:23
or just share it on a social media platform.
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κ±°λ‚˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:26
Once you've done that let me know,
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μ™„λ£Œν•œ ν›„
17:28
and I'll be very grateful to you.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ € μ£Όμ‹œλ©΄ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:31
Okay, thank you again for listening.
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μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:33
And before you go, check out the other episodes and lessons
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그리고 κ°€κΈ° 전에
17:38
that I've made by just clicking onto my profile
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λ‚΄ ν”„λ‘œν•„μ„ 클릭
17:42
and listening to more lessons.
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ν•˜κ³  더 λ§Žμ€ λ ˆμŠ¨μ„ λ“€μœΌλ©΄μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ λ§Œλ“  λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—ν”Όμ†Œλ“œμ™€ λ ˆμŠ¨μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”.
17:44
Okay, thanks again,
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μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
and I'll speak to you soon, bye bye.
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곧 μ—°λ½λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ³„μ„Έμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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