The Majority of English Learners Make these Mistakes - Do You?

25,675 views ใƒป 2019-09-27

To Fluency


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
(upbeat music)
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(้™ฝๆฐ—ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:01
(whooshing)
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(ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ)
00:02
- Hello, this is Jack from tofluency.com.
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€tofluency.com ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
And welcome to this lesson where you are going
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ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
00:08
to see some of the most common mistakes in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:13
And these mistakes are generally made by English learners,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…
00:18
but some of them are also made by native speakers too.
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ใŒ็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธญใซใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚‚็Šฏใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
So, the lesson is going to work like this.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใง้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็”ป้ข
00:25
I'm going to show a sentence on the screen,
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ใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹
00:29
and the sentence is going to contain one mistake.
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ใจใ€ใใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซ ้–“้•ใ„ใŒ 1 ใคๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
It is your job to try and spot this mistake,
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ใ“ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹
00:36
which means to notice the mistake.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Now, you might not notice any mistake and that's okay,
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ใ•ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:42
but I am then going to give you the correct answer,
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ใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใจ
00:46
and also some more examples.
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ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:49
So, this lesson is really going to benefit you,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
00:52
and it's going to help you speak with more accuracy.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใก ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
Now, at the end of the lesson,
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ใงใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒ
00:57
I'll have a question for you,
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ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:59
so stick around until the end.
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ใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใŠๅพ…ใกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:02
Okay, let's get started with number one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€1็•ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
01:06
Number one is this,
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ไธ€็•ชใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€
01:07
I have been in England six times.
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็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซ6ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Spot the mistake.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ
01:17
The correct answer is, I have been to England six times.
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) ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€็ง ใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซ 6 ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
So, we need to change the preposition in to to.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ to ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
And this again, is a very common mistake
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ็Šฏใ™้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
01:29
that I see people make.
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้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:31
So, you need to say, I've been to England six times.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซ 6 ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:35
I've never been to Vietnam.
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็งใฏใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
01:38
Okay?
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01:38
Or, I haven't been to the cinema for a long time.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใฏ้•ทใ„้–“ๆ˜ ็”ป้คจใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:42
We tend to use in when we are still in that country.
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็งใŸใกใฏใพใ ใใฎๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ in ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
So, I can say, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
01:48
I've been in the US for nearly nine years now.
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็งใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝใซ 9 ๅนด่ฟ‘ใๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
I've been in the US for nearly nine years now.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซๆฅใฆ 9ๅนด่ฟ‘ใใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Number two, I love listening music.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€็งใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ้Ÿณใ‚’ใŸใฆใ‚‹
02:04
The correct sentence is, I love listening to music.
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) ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏใ€ ็งใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
So, when we use listen and music,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€listen ใจ music ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
02:12
we need a preposition, and that preposition is to.
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ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ to ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
I love listening to music.
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็งใฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
What type of music do you like listening to?
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ใฉใ‚“ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’ ่ดใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹?
02:21
Leave your examples below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:23
Number three, I wish I pass the test tomorrow.
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็ฌฌไธ‰ใซใ€ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
(ticking)
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(
02:31
I hope I pass the test tomorrow.
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ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ) ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆๆ ผใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
02:34
So, this highlights the difference between hope and wish.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅธŒๆœ›ใจๅธŒๆœ›ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
Now, wish is generally used when
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็พๅœจใ€wish ใฏ็Šถๆณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€ใจใใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
02:41
we want a change of situation.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
For example, it's raining outside now,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠใ€ๅค–ใฏ้›จใŒ
02:48
I can say, ugh, I want to play soccer.
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้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
I wish it wasn't raining.
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้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
02:54
I wish it wasn't raining.
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้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
02:56
Or, I don't have enough time,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’
02:58
I wish I had enough time to go play soccer.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
Whereas, hope is used to talk about a specific outcome,
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๅธŒๆœ›ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
03:06
I hope I pass the test tomorrow.
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ใŒใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใซๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:09
This is something specific and this is your desired outcome.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ›ใ‚€็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
K?
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ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:15
Another example is, I hope to see you soon.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ ใ€ŒใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Or, I hope you enjoy this lesson.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:21
Number four is a good one.
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4็•ชใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:23
I was so boring.
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็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:25
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ้Ÿณใ‚’ใŸใฆใ‚‹
03:30
The correct sentence is, I was so bored.
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) ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏใ€็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸ.
03:34
And this just highlights the difference
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:36
between boring and bored.
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ใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใจ้€€ๅฑˆใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
And there are other adjectives here too.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚‚ไป–ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
But just to focus on this one.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
If you say, I was so boring,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€
03:46
it's talking about the way you were acting,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆผ”ๆŠ€
03:49
and your personality.
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ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€งๆ ผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
03:50
So, to say that someone is boring,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
03:53
is to describe them as a person.
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ใใฎไบบใ‚’ไบบ้–“ใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
And it's not a nice thing to say about someone.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:59
But if you were bored, it talks about how you felt.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:05
So, I can say, I was so bored during that class.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๆŽˆๆฅญไธญใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Or, I was so bored when I went to that lecture.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
04:14
And it talks about how you felt not your personality.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€งๆ ผใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
04:19
So, this is a really good difference to know.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
I was so bored the other day.
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ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:25
Number five is, I will go out tonight.
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5ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ไปŠๅคœๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
But you already have plans.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ
04:35
The correct answer is, either I'm going out tonight,
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) ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ ไปŠๅคœๅค–ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไปŠๅคœๅค–ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™
04:39
or, I'm going to go out tonight.
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ใ€‚
04:41
So, when you have plans for the future,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
04:45
don't use will, it's not common.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:48
And a lot of students want to use will
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ
04:51
because they know will as the future tense.
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ใฏ will ใ‚’ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€will ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:55
So, they think, okay, let's use will
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใใ†ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆ
04:58
to talk about the future.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
But if you have plans then use either
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่จˆ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
05:03
the present continuous, or the going to verb.
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ใ€็พๅœจ ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใพใŸใฏ going to ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:07
K, for example, I'm playing football on Sunday.
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Kใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
I'm going to see some friends tonight.
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ไปŠๅคœใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎๅ‹้”ใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
I'm going to some housework tomorrow, et cetera.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅฎถไบ‹ใชใฉใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
I'm going to make some more videos this week.
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ไปŠ้€ฑใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:20
It's a plan I already have, or an intention for the future.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ™ใงใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จˆ็”ปใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซไฝ•ใ‹
05:25
We tend to use will when we decide
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ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:27
to do something in that moment.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:29
Okay, I'll make another lesson after this one.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅพŒใพใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
05:33
I decided to do that in the moment and I used will.
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็งใฏใใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใ€ ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:38
Number six, if he will do it, I will do it too.
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ๅ…ญ็•ชใ€ๅฝผ ใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰็งใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:42
(ticking)
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๏ผˆใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ
05:46
If he does it, I will do it too.
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๏ผ‰ๅฝผใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
So, this is an example of the first conditional,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹
05:53
where we use the present simple and then will.
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ใงใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
So, this is another way to use will
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
05:59
to talk about future actions.
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ใ—ใฆๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
But the sentence structure is the if or the when clause,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€  ใฏ if ใพใŸใฏ when ๅฅใงใ‚ใ‚Š
06:06
uses the present simple and then
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ใ€็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซ
06:08
the second clause uses will.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฅใฏ will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:11
So, looking at this example again.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:14
If he does it, I'll do it.
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ๅฝผใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:17
If he does it, I'll do it.
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ๅฝผใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:20
If it rains later, we'll stay inside.
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ๅพŒใง้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธญใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
Number seven, there were less goals scored last year.
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็ฌฌ7ใซใ€ ๆ˜จๅนดใฏๅพ—็‚นใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:28
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ)
06:33
There were fewer goals scored last year.
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ๆ˜จๅนดใฏๅพ—็‚นใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ.
06:36
There were fewer.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:38
Now, this is a mistake that a lot
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใ
06:41
of native speakers make as well.
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ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:44
And you constantly see this being used in the wrong way.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅธธใซ็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
So, the rule here, is to use fewer with countable nouns,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใฏใ€ ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏ
06:55
and less with uncountable nouns.
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less ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏ less ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
And because goals are countable then we use fewer,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใฏ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
07:02
there were fewer goals scored last year.
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ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซๆ•ฐใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜จๅนดใฎใ‚ดใƒผใƒซๆ•ฐใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:05
An example with less is,
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ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€
07:07
John drinks less beer than he used to.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏไปฅๅ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€้‡ใŒๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
Because beer in this sense isn't countable.
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ใ“ใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:14
And another example with fewer,
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘
07:16
people are buying fewer physical books these days.
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ใฏ็ด™ใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:20
Number eight, I finished to work a few hours ago.
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ๅ…ซ็•ช็›ฎใ€็งใฏ ๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:25
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ
07:30
The correct answer is, I finished working a few hours ago.
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) ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ ใ€ๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:35
Now, some of you might have also said,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ€
07:38
I finished work a few hours ago.
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็งใฏๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
07:41
Which is correct too.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:43
But in this case, I'm trying to highlight
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:45
the difference between the gerund and the infinitive.
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ใ€‚
07:49
And this is an example of verb patterns.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:52
I have made many lessons on verb patterns.
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็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:54
And you can get a link to those lessons
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ใพใŸใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใ
07:57
in the description below.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
But in this case, when we use finish,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€finish ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ
08:02
we use the gerund, okay?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:04
I finished playing soccer a few minutes ago.
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็งใฏ ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ‰ใซใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:07
I finished working on this project hours ago, et cetera.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:12
So, when we use finish, we then use the gerund.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€finish ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
Now, I did say that we can say,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ
08:19
I finished work a few hours ago.
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ๆ•ฐๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
And in this case, we're using work
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
08:25
not as the verb, but as the noun.
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ work ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:28
Number nine, he made me to do it.
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9็•ช็›ฎใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:31
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ)
08:36
He made me do it.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใซใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:38
So, in this case, this is where we use
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
08:42
the bare infinitive with verbs such as make and let.
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make ใ‚„ let ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใง่ฃธใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:47
And a good example I like to give is that,
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็งใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใฏใ€
08:50
my parents made me make my bed when I was younger.
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็งใŒ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใ€ไธก่ฆชใŒ็งใซใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใŸใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:56
My parents made me make my bed when I was younger.
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็งใŒๅนผใ„้ ƒใ€ไธก่ฆชใฏ็งใซใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
09:00
But they let me stay out late.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:04
They let me stay out late.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:06
So, we don't need to use the to as the infinitive,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:11
instead we use the bare infinitive.
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ใ€‚ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใใฎใพใพใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:13
And the last one, can you make our picture?
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
09:16
(ticking)
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(ใ‚ซใƒใ‚ซใƒ)
09:21
It's, can you take our picture?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
09:24
Can you take our picture?
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:25
To take your picture, to take a photo,
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ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹
09:27
we use the verb take.
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ใซใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž take ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:30
And a lot of the time, people get confused
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ
09:33
with verbs like, have, take and make.
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ใ€haveใ€takeใ€make ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
And we're talking about collocations here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
Things like, have a bath, take your time,
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ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใซๅ…ฅใฃ
09:43
make your bed, et cetera.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€‚
09:45
And this last one is, can you take our picture?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
09:49
Now, in America, you might also hear people say,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใ€
09:53
can you take take our picture real quick?
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็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ใ™ใใซๆ’ฎใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:56
Real quick.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ„ใ€‚
09:57
This is something that always used to make me laugh.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใ‚’็ฌ‘ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:00
I am used to it now.
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ไปŠใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:02
But it just means, can you take our picture,
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ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸ
10:04
it's not going to take you a long time,
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ใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซๆ™‚้–“
10:07
it doesn't mean that you have to do things really quickly.
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ใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
10:10
So, can you take our picture real quick?
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ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ใ™ใใซๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:13
So, how did you do?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:15
Did you spot those mistakes?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:17
Did you realize that they were mistakes
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10:19
when you saw those sentences?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ้–“้•ใ„ใ ใจๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
10:21
Again, these are some of the
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
10:22
most common mistakes in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:24
So, don't worry if you saw these mistakes.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:27
And also, don't worry if you make these types of mistakes,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:31
because on the whole, people will be able to understand you.
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ๆฆ‚ใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€… ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:35
But it's a good idea to increase your accuracy.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ฒพๅบฆใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
And you can do that by using methods
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ใใ—ใฆใ€LRRCใƒกใ‚ฝใƒƒใƒ‰ใชใฉใฎใƒกใ‚ฝใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
10:42
such as the LRRC Method.
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.
10:45
And I'll leave a link to that method
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—
10:46
in the description below.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
Now, another thing I want you to do,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€
10:52
it to leave a comment below and tell me
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ไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆ
10:55
some more common mistakes in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:58
Think about the mistakes that you used to make,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใŸ้Žใก ใจใ€
11:01
and what the actual answer is now.
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็พๅœจใฎๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:05
And then, I'll make another video,
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆ
11:07
and test your ability to spot
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11:09
these mistakes in the future.
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ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
If you have enjoyed this lesson then
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰
11:13
please like and share it, and I'll speak to you soon.
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ใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ™ใใซใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:17
Okay, buh-bye for now.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
11:18
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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