Could a DAO Build the Next Great City? | Scott Fitsimones | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

How do you start a new city?

要如何創建一個新城市？

Turns out it's not easy.

結果發現，並不容易。

You need to survey terrain,

你得調查地形，

get permission from a state, buy land,

得到州政府同意，

買土地，說服大家搬過去住。

convince people to move there.

And until Elon Musk gets us to Mars,

在馬斯克把我們送上火星之前，

land is a finite resource.

土地都是有限的資源。

And the good spots are probably all taken.

且好的地點可能都早就有人了。

But what if we could start smaller, like really small?

但如果我們能從小一點開始呢？

真的很小？

And just post on Twitter.

且貼在推特上。

That's what I did,

這就是我的做法，因為 這樣我就能找到全世界

because it allowed me to find people all over the world

願意協助我想辦法的人。

willing to help me figure it out.

My new internet friends and I started a group chat,

我和我的網路新朋友 開了一個群組聊天室，

pooled cryptocurrency,

用加密貨幣合資，

researched locations,

研究地點，

and three months later,

三個月後，

we bought 40 acres of land

我們買了一塊四十英畝的地，

near Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

在懷俄明州，接近 黃石國家公園的地方。

Now we had a piece of land, a pool of money,

現在我們有了一塊地、

一些共同資金，

and a lot of decisions to make collectively.

還有很多決策要一起做。

That’s why we decided to start a DAO,

這就是為什麼我們 決定成立一個 DAO，

or a decentralized autonomous organization, called CityDAO.

也就是分散式自治組織，

命名為「CityDAO」。

A DAO is an internet native, blockchain-governed,

DAO 是網路原生的、

用區塊鏈來管理的、

collectively owned organization working towards a shared mission.

所有權歸大家的組織，

目標是要完成一個共同使命。

Most DAOs pool cryptocurrency in a treasury

大部分的 DAO 會把加密貨幣 共同資金放在一個金庫裡，

where members vote on how it's used.

由成員投票決定如何運用。

In a traditional company,

在傳統的公司裡，

a CEO works with executives to set the direction, the budgets

執行長和主管合作，

決定方向、預算，

and hands priorities down the org chart to be implemented.

並把優先處理事項根據 組織圖向下交付實施。

In a DAO, members act as peers,

在 DAO 裡，

成員像是同儕，

contributing capital,

貢獻資本，

proposing and working on projects

提出計畫，投入計畫，

and making decisions as a group.

整個團體一起做決策。

Top-down management is replaced by blockchain-based rules

由上而下的管理被換成

以區塊鏈為基礎的規則，

encoded in smart contracts.

寫在智能合約中。

For example, funding a project if a proposal passes.

比如，如果提案通過， 就要提供資金。

If a traditional company succeeds,

如果傳統公司成功了，

most of the wealth will accrue to a few founders,

大部分的財富會分給 少數幾位創辦人、

some early employees

一些元老級員工，

and investors who are generally already higher net-worth.

和投資者，一般來說 他們的淨值本來就比較高了。

A DAO is a sort of crypto co-op,

DAO 像是種加密的合作社，

giving a wider group of people the opportunity to own a piece,

讓更廣泛的族群 能夠有機會分一杯羹、

participate in management

參與管理，

and share in the potential upside.

還能分享潛在的上漲空間。

CityDAO grew out of my frustrations dealing with city bureaucracy and red tape

CityDAO 會誕生是因為我很挫折，

那時我為了成立新創公司， 得對付城市官僚政治和繁文褥節，

while building a start-up

that helps cities better utilize their empty parking lots.

這間公司旨在協助城市 把閒置的停車場運用得更好。

It took us over three months

光是取得許可在舊金山 銷售停車位，就花了超過三個月。

to get a permit just to sell parking in San Francisco.

And it was an archaic bureaucratic nightmare.

那是場很過時的官僚惡夢。

Things like putting a parking lot to higher and better use,

比如，把停車場拿來做 更好更有價值的用途，

which my urbanist self really wants to do, like, you know, build a food truck park,

我心中最城市的一面 很想這麼做，比如，

建造餐車市集、物流中樞、 也許甚至新住房、農夫市集。

logistics hub, maybe even new housing,

a farmer's market.

These things are also really tedious, can take months, years,

這些事也真的很冗長乏味，

可能要花數個月、數年， 甚至因為土地使用分區而不合法。

or even just be illegal due to zoning laws.

CityDAO was among the first DAOs brave enough to buy land.

CityDAO 是少數敢大膽 當先驅購買土地的 DAO 。

And speaking of bureaucracy, it took us over a month to do so

說到繁文褥節，

在目前的體制下，這也花了 我們超過一個月的時間。

under the current system.

We had to find an agent, coordinate tours,

我們得找個仲介，協調參訪，

make offers, wait for counteroffers,

報價，等還價，付訂金，

put down a deposit,

form an LLC, fill out paperwork.

成立有限責任公司，填寫文書資料。

At CityDAO, we imagine an on-chain city

在 CityDAO，我們 想像的是一個鏈上城市，

where things like permitting, budgets,

許可、預算、法律、 契據、記錄等東西，

laws, deeds and records,

they're all just transparent on a blockchain,

都在區塊鏈上，都是透明的，

and smart contracts can speed up the transactions

智能合約能加速交易，

and reduce bureaucracy.

減少繁文褥節。

Let me give you an example.

讓我舉個例子。

Things that used to take weeks,

以前要花數週的事情，

like buying or selling land

比如土地買賣，

or taking a loan out against your property,

或是用你的資產來貸款，

that could happen in seconds through a smart contract.

靠智能合約，只要幾秒鐘就能完成。

DAOs are financial flash mobs,

DAO 是金融上的快閃族，

often organizing seemingly overnight in pursuit of an idea.

通常彷彿一夜就組織起來， 來追求一個理想。

They usually start out as a few people who have a big vision

最初通常是少數幾個人有個大遠景，

but realize it will take a large collective effort to get it done.

卻發現需要花非常大的 集體心力才能辦到。

So they usually start the community in a group chat server,

他們通常會在群組聊天室 伺服器上建立社群，

and the most common is called Discord.

最常用的是 Discord。

We use Discord for weekly community calls

我們用 Discord 來做 每週的社群視訊通話，

where people can share ideas and debate proposals.

大家可以分享點子， 並對提議進行辯論。

In the server, channels are set up around teams and projects.

這個伺服器上，會根據 團隊及計畫來設立頻道。

Instead of a formal boss,

沒有正式的老闆，

each team has an elected facilitator who holds regular meetings.

每個團隊會選出一個主持人， 負責舉辦定期會議。

People can contribute to the DAO full-time, part-time,

參與 DAO 盡一份力的 方式，有全職及兼職，

but one of the most common ways is through bounties,

但最常見的是透過賞金，

where you hop in and out of the DAO,

你可以跳進 DAO 去接小任務， 盡可能貢獻，做完就離開。

taking on small tasks and contributing where you can.

Most DAOs raised some initial funding by selling a governance token

大部分的 DAO 在初始募資時 都是靠販賣治理型代幣，

that gives holders voting rights over DAO activities.

代幣持有者對於 DAO 的活動具有投票權。

You can either buy these tokens on the open market

你可以在開放市場上購買這類代幣，

using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum,

用以太幣等加密貨幣就可以買，

or you can earn them by contributing to the DAO.

或者你可以對 DAO 做出貢獻來賺取代幣。

For example, things like designing a logo, researching or writing some code.

比如：設計商標、 做研究，或寫一些程式。

At CityDAO, we raised over six million dollars

CityDAO 募得了超過六百萬美金，

from 5,000 people through our governance token called “Citizenship”.

是用我們的治理型代幣 「市民身分」向五千人募得。

Citizens get to vote in things like

市民可以投票決定 下一塊地要買哪裡之類。

where our next piece of land will be located.

DAOs have been called group chats with a bank account.

有人稱 DAO 是 「有銀行帳戶的群組聊天室」。

And I know what you're thinking.

我知道你在想什麼。

"Scott, sharing a bank account with my significant other

「史考特，和我的伴侶共享 銀行帳戶已經夠難了。

is already hard enough.

Now you're telling me I have to share one with 5,000 people on the internet?"

現在你還要我和五千人 在線上共享一個帳戶？」

Well, it's not that bad.

嗯，沒那麼糟。

Blockchain helps fix this.

區塊鏈能協助處理。

So funds live in a public blockchain treasury

所以，

資金會放在公共的區塊鏈金庫裡，

where anyone can audit income and spending.

人人都能稽核收入和花費。

And any time spending or money transfers are involved,

每次要花錢或者轉帳時，

the DAO approves it through a proposal.

DAO 會透過提議來核准。

Typically written by a DAO member,

通常由 DAO 成員 將最初的想法撰寫成提案，

a proposal starts as an idea that gets debated

大家辯論後，

and is put to a vote of the token holders.

交由持有代幣的人來投票表決。

For example,

比如，

one of the first proposals at CityDAO was, of course,

當然，CityDAO 最初的提議之一就是

which piece of land to buy.

要買哪一塊地。

The DAO debated must-haves, nice-to-haves,

CityDAO 辯論了 需要什麼、能有什麼會很好，

and DAO contributors combed through Wyoming land listings

DAO 貢獻者則徹底搜查了 懷俄明的賣地清單，

and narrowed it down to the top three,

把清單縮減到前三名，

outlining the pros and cons of each

整理出每塊地的優缺點，

and presenting the final proposal to the DAO for a vote.

把最終提議提交給 DAO 投票。

We voted to acquire Parcel 0 near Cody, Wyoming.

我們投票選出第零號地，

接近懷俄明的科迪。

Chosen for being close to an airport,

選上它是因為臨近機場、

having an on-site well for water access,

就地就有水井可以取水，

and of course,

當然，還有，

the most important criterion of all,

所有條件中最重要的，

being near Kanye West.

可以很接近肯伊‧威斯特。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

OK, OK, that wasn't really in the criteria,

好啦，那其實不是條件之一，

but it just so happens

只是剛好

our piece of land in Wyoming is not far from Kanye's own Cody ranch.

我們在懷俄明的一塊地 離肯伊‧威斯特的科迪牧場不遠。

The next steps at CityDAO

CityDAO 的下一步

are things like voting on what gets built on the land

包括投票決定土地上要建造什麼、

and who gets to use it when.

誰可以用、何時可以用。

Some other proposals floating around

其他蠻熱門的提議還有

are things like buying a piece of land in the Amazon for conservation

比如在亞馬遜買一塊地，

做保育，

or building out a network of DAO-owned spaces

或者為 DAO 擁有的 空間建造一個網路，

where citizens can visit at any time,

市民任何時候都可以造訪，

a decentralized city, perhaps.

也許是個分散式的城市。

Today we're seeing DAOs do all kinds of really interesting things together.

現今，我們可以看到 DAO 一起做各種有趣的事。

They're building products, they're investing in start-ups,

它們會創造產品、投資 新創公司、購買藝術和資產、

they're buying art and assets,

資助研究，和募款。

they're funding research and raising money.

Let's take a look at some examples.

咱們來看一些例子。

ConstitutionDAO raised over 47 million dollars in seven days

ConstitutionDAO 募得了 超過四千七百萬美金，

只花了七天，

in attempt to buy an original US Constitution copy.

試圖購買原版的美國憲法。

It usually takes longer than seven days just to set up a company

通常都要花至少七天

才能設立一間公司 並開一個銀行帳戶。

and open a bank account.

Krause House is buying an NBA team and LinksDAO a golf course.

Krause House 要買 一支 NBA 球隊，

LinksDAO 要買一個高爾夫球場。

DAO members will likely get to participate in key things,

DAO 成員很可能會 參與重大決策，比如，

like who's coaching the team or where the golf course gets built.

誰來當球隊教頭， 或高爾夫球場要建在哪裡。

PleasrDAO collects art and digital assets like NFTs.

PleasrDAO 則在收集 藝術和數位資產，如 NFT。

They recently purchased the only copy in existence

他們最近買到了世界上唯一一張

of an unreleased Wu-Tang Clan album,

未出版的武當幫專輯，

and DAO members are now the only people in the world

現在全世界只有這個 DAO 的成員

who can legally listen to it.

可以合法聽這張專輯。

VectorDAO is a collective of designers

VectorDAO 是由設計師組成，

shaking up the agency model

改變了設計工作室的模型，

where DAO members get ownership in each project they work on.

DAO 成員可以擁有 他們接手進行的專案計畫。

In DAOs like MetaCartel and Seed Club,

像 MetaCartel 及 Seed Club 這些 DAO

members review submissions from promising start-ups and projects

成員要審核很有前景的新創公司 提交的資料及專案計畫，

and decide on which ones to fund.

決定要資助哪些。

VitaDAO is funding research,

VitaDAO 資助研究，

and more recently, UkraineDAO raised over six million dollars

更近期則有 UkraineDAO 募得了超過六百萬美金，

to donate towards the Ukrainian defense effort.

捐贈做烏克蘭國防用途。

It’s still early for DAOs,

現在還是 DAO 的初期，

and they certainly aren't for everything.

且它們並非無所不能。

They require a level of consensus building

它們需要某種程度的共識建立，

and might move slower than a company

且在動作上可能會比 由老闆決定一切的公司更慢些。

who has a boss who can just call the shots.

After all, ConstitutionDAO was outbid at Sotheby's auction house

畢竟，在蘇富比拍賣上， ConstitutionDAO 的出價

被城堡公司的執行長超過。

by the CEO of Citadel.

And some say the transparency and decentralization

有些人說，透明度和分散式架構

made it hard for the DAO to coordinate and win the auction.

讓該 DAO 很難協調好 在那次拍賣上獲勝。

And while traditional corporate structures are battle-tested,

傳統的公司架構是經過實戰考驗的，

DAOs are a new type of entity

而 DAO 則是新型的實體，

that can find themselves in uncharted regulatory waters.

在管理上，有可能會 落入到未知的海域。

To help solve some of these issues,

為了協助解決這類議題，

states like Wyoming are putting laws on the books that recognize DAOs.

懷俄明等州都有新增 承認 DAO 的法規。

And we actually used one of these laws to buy our first piece of land at CityDAO,

而我們就利用了其中一條法規

來購買 CityDAO 的第一塊地，

that's why it's in Wyoming.

那就是為什麼它位在懷俄明。

Once we work out the kinks,

我們把這些結都解開之後，

DAOs have the potential to increase economic opportunity

DAO 就有潛力

增加經濟機會，

and allow more people to share in the upsides of ownership.

讓更多人以有利的方式分享所有權，

Things like real estate, sports teams, fine art.

比如房地產、運動隊伍、藝術這些東西

These are things that would typically be owned

通常是由單一個淨值很高的人擁有，

by a single, high net-worth individual

that today DAOs are buying and democratizing.

現今 DAO 在購買這些東西， 並將它們大眾化。

Imagine if the next social network or ride-hailing app were a DAO.

想像如果下一個社群網路 或隨叫隨停的 APP 是 DAO。

And each time you posted valuable content or put in late-nights driving,

每當你張貼出有價值的內容 或提供夜間駕駛服務，

you got little pieces of ownership in that platform.

你就能分到那平台的 一小部分所有權。

And since ownership means voting rights in DAOs,

在 DAO 裡，所有權意味投票權，

you can use your new voting power to propose changes to the platform

所以你就能用你的新投票權力

提議改善該平台，

if you think that there's a fairer or better way to do things.

提出你覺得更公平或更好的做法。

Agriculture enabled us to live in cities.

農業讓我們能夠居住在城市中。

The internet let us share information globally.

網際網路讓我們能與全球分享資訊。

And today, DAOs let us work together,

現今，

DAO 讓我們能協同合作，

trust each other

信任彼此，

and coordinate in a fairer way

並用比較公平的方式協調，

on larger-scale problems than ever before.

處理比以前規模更大的問題。

And maybe a DAO can even build the next great city.

也許 DAO 也能建造出 下一個偉大的城市。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）