A Controversial Play — and What It Taught Me About the Psychology of Climate | David Finnigan | TED

譯者: 朝勛 楊 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

Hi, I’m David.

嗨，我是大衛

I'm a playwright from Ngunnawal country,

我是來自昂納瓦爾國家的一位劇作家，

the unceded lands of the Ngunnawal people

位於昂納瓦爾人民未被遺棄的土地，

in southeast Australia.

澳大利亞東南方的地區。

I come from a family of climate scientists,

我來自氣候科學世家，

and in 2014 I wrote a play entitled "Kill Climate Deniers."

2014 年我寫了一部題為 「殺死氣候否認者」的戲劇。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The play follows the story of a group of eco-terrorists

這部劇講述了一群生態恐怖分子的故事，

who take over Australia's Parliament House

他們接管澳大利亞國會大廈

during a Fleetwood Mac concert

在 Fleetwood Mac 音樂會期間，

and hold the entire government hostage,

並將整個政府當成人質，

demanding an instant end to climate change.

要求立即終止氣候變化。

So the story is ridiculous,

這個故事很可笑，

but I wanted the play to start a conversation

但我希望可以開啟討論

about what happens when the unstoppable force of climate change

有關不可阻擋的自然力量

meets the immovable object of politics.

遇到不可移動的政治時會發生什麼。

OK so obviously the title “Kill Climate Deniers” is provocative.

好吧，「殺死氣候否認者」 的標題顯然是有點挑釁的，

But just to be clear, when I wrote it, I wasn't targeting anyone real.

但事實上當我寫它時， 我沒有影射任何人。

Now thanks to the work of journalists and scientists like Naomi Oreskes,

現在，感謝記者 和像Naomi Oreskes的科學家的努力，

we know how climate denial began.

我們知道氣候否認是如何開始的。

Oil and gas companies recognized the issue of greenhouse gas emissions

石油和天然氣公司在1950年代 和 1960 年代

back in the 1950s and '60s.

認識到溫室氣體排放問題。

They set out to cast doubt on the science.

他們開始對科學產生懷疑。

They funded lobby groups, marketing firms, politicians.

他們資助了大會團體， 營銷公司，政治家。

They astroturfed an entire climate denial movement into being.

他們對整個氣候否認運動以人為操控 營造出來。

So now there's this industry of pundits and journalists

所以現在有一群專家和記者

who make a living denying the reality of climate change.

以否認氣候變化的現實維生。

When I made the statement "Kill Climate Deniers,"

當我發表 「殺死氣候否認者」的聲明時，

I expected outrage from these people.

我預期這些人會產生憤怒，

But I did not expect pushback from the general public.

但我沒想到會遭到大眾反對。

I figured there are no real climate deniers.

我認為沒有真正的氣候否認者。

If there are regular, normal people who don't believe in climate science,

如果有普通人不相信氣候科學，

they can't be that passionate.

他們不會那麼地熱情。

So I was very wrong.

所以我大錯特錯。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now to begin with, the play received exactly the attention I expected

從現在開始，這部劇獲得了 我期待的關注

from exactly the people I expected.

從我期待的人們。

When the first production was announced in 2014,

在 2014年宣布首次製作時，

a conservative politician in my hometown of Canberra

我家鄉坎培拉的一位保守政治家

called for the play to be shut down.

呼籲關閉該劇。

There were angry articles in the Murdoch press

報紙上有憤怒的文章， 包括默多克新聞、

Breitbart, Infowars,

布萊特巴特、《信息戰》，

all the usual suspects in the right-wing media machine.

所有右派媒體機構中常見的角色。

Some of these pundits accused the play of being an "incitement to terrorism,"

有些專家指控這戲劇是 「煽動恐怖主義」，

and they referred me to the police.

，所以他們將我轉介給警察。

Their argument was that people would see the show

他們的論點是人們 會看到該節目

and be inspired to take an entire government hostage

並獲得啟發將 整個政府作為人質

to end climate change.

來終止氣候變化。

Now the theater company didn’t have money for lawyers

現在劇院公司 沒有錢請律師

or a crisis communications team,

或危機溝通團隊，

so out of concern for the actors' safety, the production was cancelled.

所以由於擔心演員的安全， 製作被取消了。

But I didn't like backing down.

但我不喜歡放棄，

It didn't feel good.

感覺不好。

I felt as if giving up on the project

我覺得放棄這個項目

was like agreeing with the people attacking it.

就像同意攻擊它的人一樣。

And I did not agree with them.

但我不同意他們。

The play was not an incitement to terrorism.

這部劇並不是 煽動恐怖主義。

But no theater company was willing to take the risk

但沒有戲劇公司願意承擔

of being referred to the police.

被轉介警察的風險。

I couldn't get it up as a show.

我無法把它當作一齣劇。

So instead, my musician friend Reuben Engel turned it into an album.

因此，我的音樂家朋友 魯本·恩格爾將它轉為一張專輯。

Reuben sampled dialogue from the play

魯本從劇中採樣對話，

and wove it into a series of original electronic tracks.

並將其編織成一系列 原創電子曲目。

We toured that record around Australia.

我們在澳大利亞巡迴演唱片。

We couldn't get into theaters,

我們無法進劇院，

so we went to nightclubs, we held dance parties.

所以我們去了夜總會， 我們舉辦舞會。

Then we launched an unauthorized covert walking tour of Parliament House.

然後我們開始了一次未經授權的 秘密徒步遊覽會議院，

People downloaded a special version of the album on headphones

人們在耳機上 下載專輯的特殊版本，

and listened to the music and the story

聽著其中的音樂和故事，

while walking around the real-life setting of Australia's halls of power.

當在澳大利亞權力中心的 現實場景中四處走動時。

Like so.

就像這樣。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

(Music)

（音樂）

(Music ends)

（音樂結束）

Now all of this helped to build up an audience for the project.

現在所有這些都有助於 為該項目建立觀眾。

But even more importantly, there were no real-life copycats.

但更重要的是， 沒有現實生活中的抄襲人。

Not one government building was taken hostage by eco-terrorists

沒有一個政府大樓被生態恐怖分子綁架，

during a Fleetwood Mac concert.

在 Fleetwood Mac音樂會期間，

So four years after the original production was canceled,

因此，原始製作取消的四年後，

the play finally made it to the stage in 2018

該劇終於在 2018年上演，

at the Griffin Theatre in Sydney,

在雪梨格里芬劇院，

followed by productions in Prague, London, Los Angeles and so on.

然後在布拉格， 倫敦，洛杉磯等等進行了演出。

Obviously I was very happy.

顯然我非常高興。

And in one version of the story,

在故事的一個版本中，

that's where it ends.

就是在這裡結束。

This project just joins a long list of things

這個項目只是加入了 一系列

right-wing commentators have found to be outraged about,

右翼評論家發現 令人憤怒的事情，

alongside Elvis, smartphones,

包括埃爾維斯，智能手機，

twerking, Miley Cyrus, Fortnite,

搖滾，Miley Cyrus，Fortnite，

the Beat Generation, skateboarding,

節奏一代，滑板，

Woodstock, Woodstock '99,

伍德斯托克，伍德斯托克 99，

sugary cereal, TikTok,

糖穀類，TikTok，

gay marriage, NWA, feminism,

同性婚姻，NWA，女性主義，

the Twist, Dungeons and Dragons,

the Twist,《迷宮與龍》，

LiveJournal, shopping malls and women reading novels.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But as the play made its way into the world,

但是當劇進入世界時，

something else started happening.

其他事情開始發生。

I started hearing from climate deniers.

我開始聽到氣候否認者的消息，

And not fossil-fuel pundits

而不是化石燃料專家

or right-wing journalists,

或右翼記者，

real climate deniers.

真正的氣候否認者。

Regular, normal people.

平凡地普通人，

And I couldn't get my head around it.

而且我無法理解。

Like, why did they care so much?

比如，他們為什麼這麼關心？

Like, if you're an ExxonMobil executive,

例如，如果您是埃克森美孚高管，

then you have a financial incentive to downplay climate science.

那麼你有財務動機去淡化氣候科學。

But if you're a high school teacher in Queensland

但是，如果你是昆士蘭州 的高中老師，

or a massage therapist in Massachusetts,

或是馬薩諸塞州的按摩治療師，

why would you spend your nights and weekends

為什麼你會把你的夜晚和周末

desperately trying to debunk Earth science research?

用在努力駁斥地球科學研究？

Now it turns out that although climate denial began

現在事實證明，儘管 氣候拒絕開始

as an astroturfed movement created by fossil fuel companies,

是一種由化石燃料公司 創造的天文化運動，

it caught on because it connects with a certain group of people

但它被引起是因為它聯繫起一群人

in a very real way.

以非常真實的方式。

I got emails, I got physical letters, I got phone calls.

我收到電子郵件，我收到實體信件， 我接到電話，

They started showing up to performances of the play.

他們開始出席戲劇的表演。

And as the show got bigger and bigger,

隨著節目越來越大，

there were more and more of them, and they were passionate.

他們越來越多， 而且他們充滿熱情。

I wanted this play to start a conversation, and it did.

我希望這個戲劇產生對話， 而且結果也是如此。

It just was not the conversation I thought I was starting.

只是這不是我想要開啟的對話。

I ended up speaking with hundreds of climate deniers

我最終與數百名氣候否認者交談，

over the course of this project.

在這個項目的過程中，

Now some of them wanted to insult me and threaten me.

現在他們中的一些人 想羞辱我和威脅我，

Some of them wanted to tell me variations on the same gag,

有些人想告訴我 同一句話的不同版本，

like, "What if I wrote a play called 'Kill Climate Scientists?'"

例如：「如果我寫了一部名為 “殺死氣候科學家“的劇怎麼辦？」

But some of them were interesting.

但其中有些人是很有趣的。

These deniers wanted to explain to me why climate science was wrong.

這些否認者想向我解釋 為什麼氣候科學是錯的。

They had a whole worldview.

他們有一個完整的世界觀。

They said, "The reality is, David,

他們說：「大衛，

that climate change is a made up excuse

現實是氣候變化是一個由上而下

for a huge program of top-down intervention.

的巨大干預計劃的偽造藉口。

What climate activists really want is to stifle our freedoms.

氣候活動家真正想要的 是抑制我們的自由。

They want to control what we eat,

他們想控制我們吃的食物，

they want to choke the life out of rural communities,

他們想扼殺鄉村社區的生機，

and they want to throw the doors open to massive global migration."

，他們想為全球大規模 移民打開大門。」

Now I wanted to respond to these people and say,

現在，我想回答這些人：

"I'm sorry, you're wrong.

「我很抱歉，你錯了。

That's not what it's about."

並不是這樣的。」

But the more I talked with them, the more I realized...

但是我和他們談話越多， 我就越意識到...

They're right.

他們是對的

They are completely correct.

它們是完全正確的。

I mean, they're not correct about climate change being a made up excuse.

我的意思是，他們對氣候變化 是一個偽造的藉口並不正確。

That, sadly, is not true.

遺憾的是，這並不是真的。

But the consequences of climate change?

但是氣候變化的後果？

Yes, diets are going to change.

是的，飲食將會改變。

Yes, a lot of communities in exposed locations will be forced to leave.

是的，在暴露地點的許多社區 將被迫離開。

Yes, there will be huge movements of people

是的，在國內和國家 之間將會有

within and between countries, they're right.

很大的人口流動， 他們是對的。

And we don't even realize how right they are.

而且我們甚至不會意識 到他們有多麼正確，

I believe in the science of climate change,

我相信氣候變化的科學，

and so do probably most of the people in this room.

這個房間裡的大多數人也相信。

But more often than not,

但通常，

we go about our lives as if it's not real.

我們的生活就像這不是真實的一樣。

We plan our careers, we build houses,

我們規劃我們的職業生涯，我們建造房子，

we educate our children as if the future will look like the past.

我們教導我們的孩子， 就像未來看起來像過去一樣。

But the world we're educating them for no longer exists.

但我們告訴他們的世界已經不存在了。

At one degree warming,

在一度暖化下，

we are already on a planet unlike anywhere humans have ever lived in the past,

我們已經生活在一個與人類過去 曾居住的任何地方都不同的星球上，

and our systems are starting to buckle under the strain.

我們的系統開始在 這種壓力下變得緊張。

Now whether you believe that we are sleepwalking into disaster

現在，無論你認為 我們正在慢慢走進災難，

or if you think we're going to turn things around through high-tech solutions

還是你認為我們 要通過高科技解決問題

or massive social movements,

或大規模的社會運動來改變事情，

whatever climate future you believe in,

無論你相信哪個氣候未來，

our lives are going to radically change.

我們的生活都會徹底改變。

Our future will not look like our past.

我們的未來不會像我們的過去。

We accept the science,

我們接受科學，

but we haven't processed the consequences.

但我們沒有處理後果。

We don't explicitly deny climate change,

我們並不明確否認氣候變化，

but in our actions, we're like soft deniers,

但在我們的行動中， 我們就像軟性否認者，

stealth deniers.

潛行否認者，

I'm one of these people.

我是這些人之一，

Maybe you are too.

也許你也是。

I keep my carbon footprint as low as possible.

我盡可能降低碳足跡。

But then I got on a plane to give this talk.

但是然後我上飛機 來這裡演講。

I read research reports about which cities will be vulnerable in future decades

我閱讀了一些研究報告， 有關未來幾十年中哪些城市將容易

to climate shocks, resource shocks.

受氣候衝擊和資源衝擊的影響。

And then I forget all that and think,

然後我忘記了一切，想著

I just want to buy a flat in my hometown.

我只想要在家鄉買一個公寓。

If you believe something but you act like you don't believe it,

如果你相信某事， 但你行為就像不相信它，

do you really believe it?

那你算真的相信嗎？

Now climate deniers understand the consequences of the science,

現在氣候否認者 了解科學的後果，

so they don't accept the science.

因此他們不接受科學。

They know what it means if it's true, so they won't allow it to be true.

他們知道如果這是真的代表著甚麼， 所以他們不會允許它是真的。

I think we can learn from climate deniers.

我認為我們可以從氣候否認者那裡學習。

I want to be more like that high school teacher in Queensland,

我想更像昆士蘭州的高中老師，

that massage therapist in Massachusetts,

馬薩諸塞州的按摩治療師，

because they live what they believe.

因為他們活出了自己的信念。

You and I, we think we know better.

我們以為自己比他們更了解，

We are the ones in denial.

其實我們才是否認的人。

And I know deep down that the longer we deny reality,

我深深知道， 我們否認現實越長時間，

the harder the shock when it hits.

它發生時的衝擊就越嚴重。

Thank you.

謝謝你

(Applause)

（掌聲）