A flavorful field guide to foraging | Alexis Nikole Nelson | TED

譯者: Marian Lee 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

If a vegan falls in the forest ...

如果一位純素者在森林裡跌倒……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And no one's there to hear them say, "I'm vegan!"

沒有人聽到他們說「我吃素！」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Are they even really vegan?

他們真的算是純素者嗎？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Laughter and applause)

（笑聲及掌聲）

I like to preface conversations about my dietary habits with jokes

我在談我的飲食習慣時， 喜歡用笑話來開場，

because brains love the ha-has

因為大腦都喜歡笑點，

and because sometimes you say the word "vegan"

而且因為有時候當你說出 「純素者」這個詞時，

and people get a little afraid.

大家會有點害怕。

Their mind immediately conjures

他們的腦中馬上浮現 一位不存在的超級純素者，

this nonexistent super vegan

who's an amalgam of every annoying thing they've ever heard a vegan say.

這個人是由他們曾聽純素者說過 所有惱人的話而組合而成的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And at that point, they're checked out.

那一刻起，他們就不再聽下去了。

Now if you've managed to somehow avoid the zeitgeist

如果你在過去15或20年 以某種方式避開了這種意識形態，

for the last 15 or 20 years,

one, tell me how.

第一，告訴我你怎麼辦到的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Two, I will tell you what vegan means, because I'm sure you're dying to know.

第二，讓我告訴大家

純素者是什麼意思， 因為我相信你們都超想知道。

So vegan is both a diet completely free of animal products

純素者指一種完全排除動物產品 的飲食習慣。

and a person who follows that diet,

也指遵循這種飲食習慣的人，

often used interchangeably with "plant-based."

通常和「植物性飲食」一詞通用。

But plant-based means "vegan" but not vegan.

但「植物性飲食」代表純素， 也不全然代表純素。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Like, not necessarily done to decrease animal suffering per se,

比如說，「植物性飲食」的本質上 不一定是為了減輕動物的痛苦，

but maybe to help one's health.

但可能是為了改善一個人的健康。

But that is not the argument we came to have today.

但這不是我們今天要討論的。

No siree, Bob.

絕對不是。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I see some sweet-spot minds looking to tussle.

我看到幾個在前排的想要爭論，

Not at my TED Talk.

在我的TED演講上可不行。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now I am an outdoor educator,

我是一個戶外教育者，

I am a wild food forager,

我是一個野生食物採食者，

I am a reluctant social media star.

我勉強算是個社群媒體網紅。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And yes, I am a vegan.

而且是的，我是個純素者。

Audience: Whoo!

（觀眾歡呼）

Thank you.

謝謝。

That's not the reaction I usually get.

那可不是我平常會得到的反應。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

At the age of five,

在我5歲時，

upon realizing that the cows in the fields

我意識到牧場裡的牛

and the cows on my dad's grill were the same cows ...

和我爸烤架上的牛， 是一樣的牛時……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I asked my parents if I could go vegetarian.

我問我爸媽自己能不能當素食者。

To which they said,

他們回答說，

"Sure, but let's wait until you're done growing first."

「當然了，但先等到你長大了。」

So sure that I would change my mind over the next five to nine years.

他們非常確定在接下來的 5到9年內我會改變想法。

Well.

嗯。

Shortly after my 12th birthday,

在我12歲生日後不久，

I took the plunge, and I gave up meat completely.

我下定決心 並且完全不吃肉。

It took another 12 years for me to give up eggs and dairy.

我又花了另外12年 去放棄蛋和乳製品。

And now between the veganism and the foraging,

現在在純素食主義和採食之間，

I have one of the more eclectic pantries in the world.

我擁有一個和一般人相比， 更加兼容並蓄的食品儲藏櫃。

(Video) Meet the Indigo Milk Cap.

（影片）這是藍綠乳菇。

Let's make a fancy dessert out of seaweed.

我們來用海帶做一道精緻的甜點。

Here is a mimosa tree.

這是一棵合歡樹。

Please be a puffball! Please be a puffball!

拜託是馬勃蘑菇！ 拜託是馬勃蘑菇！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It was a puffball.

結果是馬勃蘑菇。

Now, foraging is the art/science of identifying, collecting

採食是一門藝術/科學， 有關辨別、收集，

and eating wild food.

以及食用野生食物。

So if anyone's ever convinced you to try dandelions or wood sorrel,

所以如果有人曾說服你 嘗試蒲公英或酢漿草，

congratulations, you're a forager too.

恭喜，你也是個採食者。

When my mom told me that there was a bunch of free food

當我媽媽告訴我， 在院子草坪和人行道上

hanging out in lawns and sidewalks ...

有一大堆免費食物時，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

my mind was blown.

我感到很震撼。

All these free fruits, veggies and fungi that didn't require your water,

所有這些免費水果、蔬菜還有菌菇， 不需要你澆水，

didn’t require your time

不需要你花時間，

and often were healthier

和超商同樣的商品相比 還來得更健康。

than their counterparts in the grocery store.

Cute little fun fact just between us,

悄悄跟你說一個可愛小知識，

we did this thing over the last 100 years

我們在過去100年內做了件事，

where we bred foods to travel easier, be bigger, taste milder.

把食物培育得更容易運輸、更大、 味道更溫和。

And that often breeds out the nutrition.

但是常常把營養給培育沒了。

Let's take, for example, Purslane or Verdolagas,

我們來舉個例子，馬齒莧，

或者在講西班牙語的美洲地區， 叫做Verdolagas。

if you are in a Spanish-speaking part of the Americas.

It is a weed that grows out of sidewalk cracks in the summertime.

這是一種夏季 長在人行道縫隙裡的雜草。

It is chock-full of Omega-3s, and it ain’t a fish.

它富含Omega-3 脂肪酸， 而且它不是一種魚。

Iron, get out of here, Popeye.

富含鐵，你可以滾一邊去了， 大力水手卜派。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And vitamin C,

還有維生素C，

your immune system will thank you.

你的免疫系統會感謝你的。

Sometimes I will just stand in my neighborhood,

有時候我就站在我的社區裡，

looking at the ground like.

像這樣看著地面。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And I'm baffled that no one else seems to care.

而似乎沒有其他人在乎， 讓我很困惑。

Now I am a forager and a vegan for much the same reason.

基於相同的理由， 我成為了一個採食者和一位純素者。

My love of this planet and its inhabitants.

理由是我對這顆星球 和居住在這星球上的人民的愛。

But let me tell you,

但讓我告訴你，

between those two identifiers,

在那兩個身份標籤之間，

it's pretty hard to get people to try my food.

要讓人們嘗試吃我的食物相當難。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You tell someone something's vegan and you're already met with skepticism.

你跟別人講某個東西是純素產品時， 人們就感到遲疑了。

Tell them it’s vegan and you pulled half of it out of the ground ...

告訴人們那個是純素，然後說 大半食材是你從地上拔的......

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It's a tough sell.

真的很難推銷出去。

So today I'm going to give all of you my tips, my tricks

所以今天要告訴你們所有人 我的建議和小技巧，

on getting people to expand their palette

讓人們拓展味蕾

and try wild vegan foods consensually.

並自主嘗試野生的純素食物。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is not the Lying Liar show.

這不是謊言騙子秀。

It is the Slightly Annoying but Ultimately Lovable Tall Vegan show.

這是有點煩人但是整體而言 可愛又有點吹牛的純素者秀。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So today we are going to be making a snack that happens to be vegan,

那今天我們來做一個 剛好是純素的零食，

happens to be great for the planet,

剛好對地球友善，

happens to use one of my favorite ingredients.

也剛好用到我最喜歡的食材之一。

We are making sweet and salty kelp chips,

我們來做鹹甜口味海帶脆片，

a Korean snack known as Dasima Twigak.

一道被叫做다시마튀각 （韓式炸海帶片）的韓國零食。

Oh, thank you.

噢，謝謝你！

A "woo" for the pronunciation, I was worried about it.

有人對我的發音歡呼， 我剛剛還有點擔心有沒有唸對。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now I know all of y'all's kids are obsessed

我知道你們這群人

對那些燒海苔零食十分著迷，

with those nori seaweed snacks,

so why not kick it up a notch --

那為什麼不提高檔次 --

Sorry --

不好意思 --

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

With a locally foraged ingredient: bull kelp.

用一種本地採集的食材： 公牛藻。

I foraged this right here in Vancouver.

就是在溫哥華這裡採集的。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲與歡呼）

Now I'm going to go and start chipifying this seaweed.

首先我將海藻切段。

Very official kitchen shears.

非常正式的廚房剪刀。

And while I'm doing that,

在做這件事的同時，

I'm going to give you my first tip.

我將給你我的第一個小建議。

When introducing a dish to skeptical mouths,

在為持懷疑態度的人介紹一道菜時，

it is best to use a dish that is not pretending to be something else.

這道菜最好不要偽裝成其他餐點。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

You know.

你知道的。

That way, they have no prior associations,

這樣他們就不會有東西 可以拿來做聯想，

no memories to be comparing it to of their mother's version of it.

不能和他們的記憶或和 他們媽媽的食譜來做比較。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Maybe they have no opinions about it at all.

有可能他們對這道菜 完全沒有任何想法。

I'm going to spritz these with a little sunflower oil.

我在上面噴點葵花籽油。

Ooh.

喔。

Smokey.

讚。

Now, seaweed and sea vegetables in general

整體而言，海藻

are a very exciting food space.

是個非常令人興奮的食物領域。

They don't require fresh water.

它們不需要淡水。

They don't require fertilizer.

它們不需要肥料。

They don't even require land.

它們不需要土地。

They're just hanging out in the salty seas, creating ecosystems,

它們就這樣飄在鹹鹹的海裡， 創造出生態系統，

creating oxygen for all of us to breathe,

製造氧氣讓我們呼吸，

and creating these amino acid-rich snacks.

還可以被做成這些富含氨基酸的零食。

In this day and age, seaweed is truly future-minded food.

現今，海藻真的是很有遠見的食物。

They're an option I wish more people would reach for,

它們是一種我希望更多人 願意去接觸的食物選擇，

as runoff, water access, labor issues and monoculturing

徑流、取水、勞工問題、 以及單一栽培

plague a lot of modern agriculture here in North America.

在這些問題長期困擾著 北美現代農業的時代。

Yeah.

對。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Also they taste real good.

還有它們非常好吃。

Those amino acids do a lot more than adding umami to your dishes.

那些氨基酸除了提鮮之外，

Bull help on average packs 15.3 percent protein by weight.

公牛藻平均含有15.3% 的蛋白質。

That is for everyone who asks where vegans get their protein from.

很多人問純素者是從哪裡得到蛋白質， 這就是答案。

We're fine.

我們真的沒事。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now as I said before, this dish is nothing new.

像我之前說的， 這道菜不是新料理。

It's a popular bar snack in parts of Korea,

它在韓國部分地區 是一道受歡迎的酒吧下酒菜，

and we actually have a lot of accidentally vegan recipes historically.

而實際上，過去有很多誤打誤撞 而生的純素食譜。

And the reason for that is because up until recently,

這是因為直到最近之前，

we did not eat this much meat.

我們都沒有吃這麼多肉。

Which is going to lead to my second tip.

這也將帶到我的第二個建議。

It's a little spicy, a little touchy.

它有點辛辣、有點敏感。

Hopefully the promise of a food reveal will get you all through it.

希望你們能撐過並聽完 食物的真相。

And it is this.

真相是，

Explain to your friends that the way that we are eating is not sustainable.

向你的朋友解釋， 我們的飲食習慣並不是永續的。

Yeah.

是的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

It's not.

它不是。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

As we are constantly reaching for more land and more fresh water,

當我們不斷獲取更多土地 和更多淡水時，

we have set a precedent that our planet can not keep up with.

地球無法跟上我們開採的速度。

Tell them you are not trying to change their entire life.

告訴他們， 你並不是想改變他們的整個人生。

You just want them to be a bit more thoughtful

你只是希望他們多去思考他們的選擇，

with some of their choices,

to go for those kelp chips

在便利店裡去選擇那些海帶脆片

instead of maybe pork rinds from the convenience store.

而不是炸豬皮。

I find that introducing people to wild foods in their area

我發現為人們介紹他們當地的野生食物

is an excellent way to foster their connection to their food.

是一個建立人們和 食物間連結的好方法。

And it's a way that fosters that connection over shame.

這是建立連結而非製造罪惡感。

And it shares a snack instead of an infographic

透過分享零食，而非資訊圖表，

or a shocking piece of media.

或一個讓人吃驚的媒體報導。

Now moment of truth time.

現在到了關鍵時刻。

Let's see how these guys are doing in here.

讓我們來看看這些傢伙們在裡面如何。

Oh, yes, this will do nicely.

噢，可以，很好。

Now I'm going to be real real with all of you

現在我將和你們所有人實話實說，

because I would never not be real real with you.

因為我永遠不會對你們拐彎抹角。

Some people ...

有些人……

OK, get out of there, babies.

好了，出來吧，寶貝們。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Some people are going to be salty.

有些人很憤世忌俗。

And that's a funny thing for me to say, because this is salt.

說來好笑，因為這是鹽巴。 【salty雙關憤世忌俗跟鹹】

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And that's just the way it goes,

事情就是這樣，

we don't get to choose the pace at which people change,

我們無法選擇人們改變的速度，

if they choose to change at all.

而且前提是他們決定要做出改變。

But, some people -- this is sugar --

但是，有些人 -- 這是糖 --

will be sweet.

會很甜蜜貼心。

They will appreciate you for meeting them where they are.

他們會感謝你從他們的角度設想。

For sharing a snack and a smile,

感謝你分享一份零食和微笑，

and maybe you extending that bit of compassion to them

而可能你給他們的那點同理心

will make them make some big changes moving forward in their life.

將讓他們在他們的人生道路上 做出一些大改變。

And who knows,

誰知道呢，

maybe next time they'll be gutsy enough to try acorn cheese or something.

可能下次他們能夠勇猛到 去嘗試橡子起司或其他東西。

So share that snack.

所以分享那份零食。

And make that memory.

創造那份回憶。

Thank you all so much for coming to my talk.

非常感謝你們來聽我的演講。

Ooh.

喔。

That was a nice crunch.

好脆。

Happy snacking.

吃零食愉快。

Don't die.

別死阿。

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼和掌聲）