How to Design Mosquitoes Out of Cities | Cameron Webb | TED

翻译人员: Chen Chen 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

We're going to have hotter, drier summers in our cities.

在城市里，我们正遭遇着 更多干燥炎热的夏季。

We're going to have to deal with more frequent and intense heat waves.

我们不得不和炎炎夏日打交道。

It's going to have an impact on our health and well-being,

它逐渐影响我们的健康和幸福，

but not just us.

但，不仅是我们。

What about the plants and animals that call our cities home?

那些以城市为家的 动植物们不也一样吗？

So what could we do about that?

所以，我们能做些什么？

We could green our cities, we could plant trees.

我们可以通过绿化城市，可以种树。

The shade provided by trees provides protection

树荫提供保护的屏障，

from those impacts of the heat.

减少了热浪的影响。

But what do we need to make those plants thrive and survive?

但是什么能让植物茁壮成长？

We need water.

我们需要水。

Our green cities need water, but mosquitoes also like water.

我们的绿色城市需要水， 但蚊子也喜欢。

And so how can we balance the impacts that come from both of those,

那么，我们怎样平衡利与弊呢？

if we perhaps are inadvertently creating increasing pests

我们可能无意间让害虫变多了。

and public health risks for ourselves

同时，我们的公共卫生危机也增加了。

in the ways in which we try to respond to a changing climate?

我们以这些方式来应对气候变化吗？

How can we green our cities and not create a problem with mosquitoes?

怎样绿化城市，又不会带来蚊子？

The mosquito is the deadliest animal on the planet.

蚊子在这个星球上是最致命的害虫。

About half a million people die every year because of mosquito bite.

每年大约有 50 万人死于蚊子叮咬。

Diseases such as malaria and dengue

疟疾和登革热等疾病

infect hundreds of millions of people every year, across the planet.

每年感染数亿人。

That burden of disease weighs quite heavily

在社区和地方当局，

on both communities and local authorities,

疾病的负担相当重，

as they struggle to try to deal with those impacts.

当他们试图与这些感染对抗。

Here in Australia, we're very fortunate to be free

在澳大利亚，我们很幸运的是

of some of the more serious mosquito-borne diseases,

没有受一些更严重的蚊媒疾病困扰，

but there are still pathogens spread by local mosquitoes

但还是有由当地蚊子传播的病原体

that can make us sick.

会让我们治病。

So something like Ross River virus.

因此，一些像罗斯和病毒,

If we get infected with this virus, we may not die,

感染了这种病毒，我们可能不会死，

but we could get seriously ill.

但我们会病的很严重。

Fever, rash, joint pain, fatigue ...

发烧、皮疹、关节疼痛、疲劳……

We could be battling illness for many months.

我们可能需要几个月和病魔抗争。

But notwithstanding the burden of disease,

不说疾病的负担，

what about the nuisance that mosquitoes can have just to our day-to-day lives?

蚊子对我们日常生活的滋扰怎样呢？

How many of you have been bothered by mosquitoes

有多少人烦透了蚊子？

when you're outside, enjoying the barbecue

当你在户外享受着烧烤时，

or visiting the local wetlands during summer?

或者在夏天参观湿地时，嗯？

What about that mosquito that buzzes around your bedroom at night?

再比如，到了晚上 蚊子在你的卧室嗡嗡作响呢？

How can we manage these risks and move forward,

我们怎样在一个更绿意的城市里

and try to live in a greener city

尝试管理这些风险并有所突破，

and not create opportunities for mosquitoes?

然后不给蚊子创造机会呢？

So I spend my summers sloshing about in wetlands,

因此，我用了几个夏季在湿地里晃悠，

wrangling mosquitoes.

和蚊子们周旋。

Despite the sunburn and the mosquito bites and the mud,

尽管有烈日当空， 蚊虫叮咬以及稀巴烂的土地，

I actually do quite like my job.

我还是深爱着我的工作。

And I've also got a confession to make to you all ...

还有，我得向你们坦白……

I actually quite like mosquitoes.

我其实很喜欢蚊子。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I'm quite fascinated by them.

相当为它们着迷。

I think they're actually quite beautiful,

它们其实相当漂亮，

if you get a chance to look at them underneath the microscope.

如果你有机会在显微镜下看它们的话。

So before I started my research

所以，在我开始

and first looked through a microscope at a mosquito,

第一次通过显微镜 研究一只蚊子之前，

I don't think I'd really given them much of a thought.

我并没有想过我会给它们关注。

I knew that they were involved in outbreaks of disease overseas,

我清楚它们曾参与过海外疾病爆发，

and I was quite familiar with that smell of a smoldering mosquito coil.

我对蚊香的味道是非常熟悉的，

It still reminds me of summer holidays.

它仍然让我想起夏天的假期。

But the work I do now,

但是，现在我所做的事儿，

together with that of scientists around the country,

是和全国各地的科学家们在一起

is trying to work out how we can stop people getting sick

试图弄明白

because of mosquito bites.

怎样才能防止被蚊子 叮咬过的人们生病。

It requires us to understand

这要求我们搞清楚

the role that mosquitoes have in our local environment,

蚊子在当地环境中的作用，

and how we can change our cities

以及我们如何改变我们的城市

so that we're greening our cities,

才能让城市更绿意，

we're mitigating those impacts of climate change,

我们正在减轻气候变化的影响，

but at the same time not creating opportunities for mosquitoes.

但是，同时不给蚊子机会。

Did you know there are over 60 different types of mosquitoes

你知道在悉尼的西部

that are found in Western Sydney?

有超过 60 种的蚊子吗？

So it's not just that one mosquito that you slap on your arm and squash;

因此，在你的手臂上， 你拍打的蚊子不仅仅只有一种；

they're an incredibly diverse and interesting range of animals.

它们是种类繁多且有趣的动物。

There's 60 different types across Western Sydney.

在西悉尼，有 60 多种不同的。

These mosquitoes might be big, they might be small.

这些蚊子可能很大，也可能很小。

They might be black with distinctively striped legs.

它们可能是黑色并腿长着条纹。

They might be a pale brown color.

它们也可能是浅棕色的。

Or they might be a really vibrant orange color.

或者也可能是鲜艳的橙色。

But one of the things I love about all of these mosquitoes

但是，让我着迷的原因是

is that they're very unique,

它们彼此都非常独特，

they've adapted to very different types of environment.

适应着不同的环境，

It’s one of the reasons that I like them, because they’re incredibly adaptive.

因为它们的适应性非常强， 这也是我喜欢它们的原因。

But it’s also the thing that worries me about them,

但是，这也让我担忧，

because they could be adapting to these sources of water

因为它们可以在

we're creating around our cities.

为城市建造的水资源里生存。

So mosquitoes are found in an incredibly wide range of environments,

所以，蚊子可以在 广泛的环境里被找到。

from coastal rock pools

从沿海的岩石池

to snowmelt streams in our Alpine regions,

到阿尔卑斯山区的融雪溪流，

from polluted drains to pristine wetlands

再从受污染的排水沟通往原始湿地

and almost every puddle of water in between.

以及几乎所有的水坑。

There are mosquitoes found in all of these environments.

这些环境里都能发现蚊子，

And understanding how the mosquitoes interact with these environments

要知道蚊子怎样应对这些环境

and the climate

以及气候，

is really important to understand how they might play a role

对于搞清楚 它们怎样在疾病爆发时

in outbreaks of disease.

起作用是很重要的。

But all of these mosquitoes essentially need two things:

但是，这些蚊子本质上需要两件事：

they need blood and they need water.

水和血液。

So I'll get to the blood in a little while,

所以，我会去取点血，

but let me talk to you about why water is really important for mosquitoes.

但，让我先告诉你 为什么水对蚊子很重要。

The humble mossie is a really frail and fragile creature.

小小的蚊子是一个非常脆弱的生物。

Looks like it'll fall apart in a strong breeze.

看起来它会在一阵狂风中散架。

It's hard to imagine these are the most dangerous animals on the planet.

很难想象它是 这个星球上最危险的动物。

But these animals kind of rely on water;

但是，它们依赖水；

they've got an amazing life cycle that starts in the water.

它们在水里开启了 非常奇妙的生命周期。

They need water.

它们需要水，

So eggs are laid in and around sources of water,

所以，它们的卵在水源里或在附近，

and then, when it rains, or tides come into the wetlands,

下雨或潮汐涨潮到湿地时，

these eggs hatch, and out of these eggs hatch these wormlike larvae

这些卵便会孵化 出像蠕虫一样的幼虫

that swim around in the water.

在水里游动。

Maybe you’ve seen them in puddles or your pot plant saucers.

你可能在水坑里见到过它们， 或者盆栽植物的茶托里。

Or maybe, as I did as a child,

也或许，在我们小时候，

if you're a bit slow to clean your backyard swimming pool

如果当夏季来临的时候，

when warmer weather arrives,

你稍稍地清洗你家后院的游泳池的话，

all of a sudden, you can see these mosquitoes

猛然的，你就会看到它们

swimming around at the top of the water.

浮游于水面。

But during summer, it might only take a week or so

但是在夏天， 只用大约一周的时间

for them to emerge from that water and start flying around.

从水里冒出来然后到处飞。

They only live for a few weeks,

它们仅能生存几周的时间，

but during that time, they can bite a lot of people,

但是在那段时间里， 它们会咬很多的人，

and they can lay more than a thousand eggs.

接着它们又会产下一千多枚卵。

But to get those eggs, they need blood.

但是，需要血液滋养卵。

Mosquitoes need blood, that's why they bite.

蚊子需要血液， 这是为什么它们会咬人的原因。

It's only the female mosquito that bites,

只有母蚊子才咬人，

and she needs that protein hit in her blood to develop her eggs.

她需要血液中的蛋白质来发育卵子。

They can live quite happily on plant juices and sugars, most of the time,

大多数情况下， 它们可以靠植物汁和糖过的很快乐，

but they really need that blood to develop eggs.

但它们更需要血液帮助发育卵子。

And the animals they can get that blood from can be incredibly varied,

它们能从很多动物那儿得到血液，

from cows and kangaroos to birds to frogs.

奶牛、袋鼠、鸟类和蛙类等等。

But also us.

同样，还有我们。

And I know some of us in this room, you're probably thinking,

我知道你们在想，

"Boy, mosquitoes sure like to bite me

“哥们儿，蚊子确实很爱咬我，

more than they like to bite my friends."

而不是我的朋友们。”

And sometimes, we can be a bit unlucky like that.

在这件事儿上， 有时候，我们可能不是很幸运。

But it's also important to remember that mosquitoes, when they bite,

但同样重要的是要记住，蚊子叮咬时，

can not only create an itchy red lump on our skin,

可能不仅留下的是 一个发痒的红色肿块，

but they can also make us sick.

它们也能让我们得病。

They can transmit pathogens that make us sick.

它们可以传播让我们得病的病原体。

But mosquitoes aren’t flying around,

但是蚊子并不会

transferring droplets of infected blood from person to person.

在人与人之间转移受感染的血滴。

These are not dirty syringes;

这些不是脏的注射器；

they’re much more complicated organisms.

它们是有些复杂的生物。

So the mosquitoes themselves have to become infected with the pathogen

因此，它们必须在 把病原体传染给我们前

before they can pass that on to us.

先被病原体感染。

And when it comes to pathogen transmission,

说到病原体传播，

not all mosquitoes are created equal.

并非所有蚊子生来都是平等的。

It's why it's really important to understand mosquitoes,

这就是为什么了解蚊子很重要，

because even though we have dozens of mosquitoes here in Sydney

因为，即使在悉尼有很多蚊子

that could transmit something like Ross River virus,

传播罗斯和病毒，

there are no mosquitoes currently in Sydney

悉尼目前没有蚊子

that can transmit the pathogens that cause more serious diseases,

可以传播可以导致 更严重疾病的病原体，

things like dengue, chikungunya or Zika.

比如登革热， 基孔肯雅热或寨卡病毒（疾病名称）

Let's hope it stays that way.

希望保持这种状态。

So what does a green city look like for a mosquito?

对于一只蚊子而言， 绿色城市是怎样的呢？

So first of all, there are trees that provide shade,

首先，有很多树可以提供阴凉地方，

protection from wind and sun ...

刮风或烈日下能保护它们……

It provides these kind of protected, humid little areas,

它提供了这样一个受保护、 潮湿的小区域，

where mosquitoes can take refuge.

蚊子们能在此避难。

The longer mosquitoes live,

蚊子住的越久，

the more people they bite,

越多的人被咬，

the more eggs they lay.

它们会产下更多的卵。

But it’s not so much the plants but the water they need,

但不是植物而是它们需要的水，

which is really critical for mosquitoes.

对蚊子而言非常重要。

So in a green city, we have water tanks,

所以在绿色城市里，我们有水箱，

we build wetlands.

我们建造湿地，

We’ve got green walls and frog ponds.

我们有绿色的墙和青蛙池。

We’ve got bioretention basins.

我们有生物滞留池。

We’ve got rain gardens.

我们有雨水花园。

All of these structures that might be designed to store and recycle water

所有这些设施都是在 我们的城市和郊区内外

in and around our cities and suburbs

用来储蓄水和循环水资源的，

could be used by mosquitoes.

这些水资源能被蚊子使用。

Remember, mosquitoes love this water that's available to them.

请记住，蚊子喜欢 这些容易得到的水资源。

So how can we design our cities

所以，我们怎样规划城市

so that mosquitoes aren't quick to adapt to these types of environments?

才能不让蚊子迅速地 适应这类环境呢？

Wherever there's water, mosquitoes will lay eggs,

只要有水，蚊子就会在那儿产卵，

and we have to be mindful about that as we try to respond and green our cities,

在我们努力应对和绿化我们的城市时， 我们必须注意这一点，

create the structures that will help us.

创建有助于我们的设施。

It'll make a city greater.

它能让城市更强大。

I want to live in a green city.

我想住在绿色城市里。

I would love to live in a green city;

我更愿意住在一个绿色的城市里，

it's probably great for my physical and mental health and well-being.

这可能对我的身心健康有益。

I just don't want to share that with too many mosquitoes.

我只是不想让我的环境有太多的蚊子。

And mosquitoes are so adaptive

蚊子又适应能力很强，

that I'm sure that they're going to create opportunities

我敢肯定它们会在

in these structures that we're building,

这些我们建造的设施里 不断地创造机会，

and so I'm really worried

所以我很焦虑

that we're going to see more and more mosquitoes into the future.

我们会在未来看到超多的蚊子。

So how do you create a wetland that's not home to mosquitoes?

因此，我们怎样创造 一个容不下蚊子的湿地？

One of the really interesting pieces of research we've found in recent years

近年来，我们发现了 一项非常有趣的研究成果，

is that problematic mosquito populations

烦人的蚊子数量

often seem to be associated with wetlands of poor health:

经常看上去和生态不佳的湿地有关；

wetlands that have more stagnant water,

湿地会有许多死水，

wetlands that don't have enough predators to eat the mosquitoes.

湿地里没有太多蚊子的天敌。

So it’s a tantalizing idea

所以，这是一个非常诱人的想法。

that if you can create a wetland that's healthier,

如果能建造一个生态良好的湿地，

it has more water flow,

水能流动起来，

it has a greater level of biodiversity,

它就会有更多的生物多样性，

you can actually keep mosquito populations down.

这样就能减少蚊子了。

If you provide habitats for the animals that eat mosquitoes --

如果你为吃蚊子的动物提供栖息地—

the birds, the bats, the fish, the frogs, the spiders,

鸟类、蝙蝠、鱼类、青蛙，蜘蛛等，

any number of aquatic insects that love munching on mosquitoes --

任何数量的水生昆虫都喜欢吃蚊子—

rather than being a problem,

而不是成为一个问题，

mosquitoes are not going to disappear,

蚊子是不会消失的，

we're not going to get rid of mosquitoes completely,

我们不能完全摆脱蚊子，

but if they're at a more balanced place in the ecosystem,

但如果它们在生态系统中 处于更平衡的位置，

maybe we'll have fewer pest impacts,

可能我们将会受到更少的害虫危害，

and more importantly,

并且最重要的是，

maybe we will see less mosquito-borne disease.

可能我们会见到更少 由蚊子传播的疾病。

But what about stormwater drains?

但是雨水渠呢？

These are already a common sight in our local wetlands,

这些已经是我们 当地湿地的常见景观，

and there's a mosquito that calls these habitats home,

还有一种蚊子把这些栖息地当作家，

which you all already know.

你们都知道的。

You may not notice it when it flies past you,

它飞过时，你也不会注意到的，

but you know its sound.

但是，你知道是因为它的嗡嗡声。

You've probably learned to hate the sound of this mosquito,

你可能已经学会讨厌蚊子的声音了，

more so than its bite.

比起被它咬更讨厌它的声音。

This is a mosquito called the brown house mosquito.

这是一种被叫作棕色家蚊的蚊子。

It loves breeding in polluted ponds and pipes and waterways;

它喜欢在污染的池塘、 管道和水道中繁殖；

it's going to be quick to exploit

我们城市里储存污水的地方

the ways in which we store wastewater in our cities.

会被很快地利用起来。

The thing is about this mosquito

这种蚊子

is that it loves coming indoors at night.

在晚上喜欢飞进室内。

It's the mosquito that's going to be buzzing around your face at night,

会在晚上围着你的脸嗡嗡作响，

keep you awake, disrupting your sleep.

吵着你睡觉，打扰你的睡眠。

Now the reason you can hear that mosquito

现在你能听到蚊子的声音，

is not because it makes a sound that's different to any other mosquito.

并不是因为它发出 的声音和其他蚊子不同。

It's just that a mosquito prefers to bite birds,

而是因为蚊子更爱咬鸟，

and so it's flying around your face and your body,

因此，它在你的脸和身体周围飞着，

responding to your heat and the smell of your skin, working out,

感觉你的热量和皮肤的气味，心想：

"Is this a large, featherless bird?

“这是一只大个儿的， 没什么羽毛的鸟吧？”

I'm not sure whether I want to bite it or not."

我不确定他是否符合我的胃口。“

It's bad luck for those of you who smell a bit like a bird.

如果你闻起来像只鸟，那太不幸了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But it's a reminder that sometimes,

但有时，会提醒我们，

it's not just the bite of mosquitoes that's the problem,

问题不只是蚊子叮咬，

it's the disturbance that can be caused by large numbers of mosquitoes.

而是大量蚊子引起的混乱。

And so we don't want these mosquitoes coming inside our homes,

所以，我们不希望 这些蚊子进入家里，

where we're kind of creating opportunities for these mosquitoes in our cities.

我们正在为城市里的蚊子创造机会。

So what about our backyards?

再去看看我们的后院，

We all want to keep our backyards healthy,

我们都希望后院能健康整洁，

we want to have a great opportunity for our plants and our pets

希望那里能有植物和可爱的宠物，

and the local wildlife.

以及当地的野生动物们。

One effective way to do that is installing a rainwater tank.

一个有效的方法是安装雨水箱。

Problem is, rainwater tanks can be a great source

但问题是， 对于非常危险的蚊子而言，

for very serious mosquitoes.

雨水箱是一个极大的资源。

You all in this room have probably been bitten

你们都可能被

by the Australian backyard mosquito.

澳大利亚人后院的蚊子咬过吧！

Its scientific name is Aedes notoscriptus.

它们的学名是埃及斑蚊。

It is the most widespread mosquito in Australia;

它是澳大利亚最常见的蚊子。

almost everybody has opportunities for this mosquito in their backyard.

几乎所有人的后院都有。

Whether it's a birdbath, a pot plant saucer,

不管是水盆还是盆栽植物碟，

even the smallest volumes of water trapped in a water-holding container

即使是盛水容器里残留的一点水

will be a place this mosquito can lay its eggs.

都可能为蚊子产卵提供机会。

It's a nuisance biting pest,

它是一种讨厌的害虫，

but it's not a serious threat to our health.

但它对我们的健康没太严重的威胁。

But there's a problem here,

但是有个问题，

because these same habitats where this mosquito is found

因为这类蚊子 所找到的栖息地同时也是

could also be the home of a mosquito

那些

that's associated with the transmission of much more serious pathogens,

携带危险病原体的 蚊子所找到的地方。

pathogens that can cause outbreaks of disease

病原体能引起疾病的暴发

such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika.

比如，登革热，基孔肯亚和寨卡病。

These mosquitoes are the Asian tiger mosquito

这些蚊子是亚洲虎蚊

or the yellow fever mosquito.

或埃及伊蚊。

These two mosquitoes are not found in Sydney at the moment,

目前在悉尼没有发现这两种蚊子，

but worldwide, they contribute to major outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease.

但在世界范围内， 它们导致了蚊媒疾病的大规模暴发。

They don't breed in wetlands,

它们不在湿地繁衍，

they love these water-holding containers in our backyards.

它们喜欢我们后院的蓄水池里。

And as we do a better job of creating these opportunities

随着我们更好地创造这些机会

like rainwater tanks in our backyards,

像后院的雨水池，

maybe we're creating an opportunity for these mosquitoes to move in.

也许我们就为这些蚊子 提供了入住的机会。

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti,

埃及伊蚊，埃及斑蚊，

was actually once common in Sydney,

在悉尼曾经很普遍，

but during the '50s, it disappeared.

但在 50 年代，它消失了。

One of the reasons for its disappearance

消失的原因之一是

could well have been the fact that we moved away from rainwater tanks.

（也许是事实）我们搬走了雨水池。

And now, rainwater tanks are coming back.

然而现在，雨水池又回来了。

They're going to become more common.

它们会变得更普遍。

And could that see the return of these mosquitoes?

我们能预见这些蚊子 会再一次出现吧？

I certainly hope not.

我真心希望不会。

So what can authorities do about reducing the mosquitoes

因此，对于减少与我们正在应对 的这些绿色城市有关的蚊子，

associated with these greening cities that we're dealing with?

地方当局能做些什么呢？

There's a role for our local authorities

我们的地方当局在建造湿地时

to consider mosquitoes when they're building wetlands,

要考虑蚊子，

creating wastewater recycling schemes,

创建废水回收计划，

regulating the installation of rainwater tanks.

规范雨水池的安装。

Because these are dynamic systems.

因为这些都是动态系统。

It's not just about how you design them and build them,

这不仅仅是怎么设计怎么建造的问题，

but it's how you maintain them.

还关系到你怎么维护它们。

You can't just build them and walk away,

你不能只造完就走人了，

because as we've learned,

经验告诉我们，

if these habitats degrade, they become more suitable for mosquitoes.

如果这些设施老化， 它们会更容易招蚊子。

These types of structures,

这类体系，

these wetlands in our cities, they're great.

在我们城市里的湿地，是很棒的！

They help reduce pollution, they help store water,

它们帮助降低污染以及蓄水，

but we don't want them to become an opportunity for mosquitoes.

但我们不希望会为蚊子提供机会。

But what about us?

那我们自身呢？

There's a role for local government, for our local authorities,

当地政府的作用，对当局而言，

but how an we help protect our families and our friends

怎样保护家园和朋友们

from the impact of mosquitoes associated with a greening city?

不受绿色城市里蚊子的危害呢？

I'm going to leave you with three tips

我会给你三个建议

that can help you stop the bite of mosquitoes

来帮助你不被蚊子咬，

and the buzz of mosquitoes this summer.

还有就是在这夏天不被它们困扰。

First of all,

第一条，

don't create opportunities for mosquitoes in your backyard.

别在你的后院给蚊子创造机会。

Anything that traps water after rainfall will be a source of mosquitoes,

任何在降雨后积水的东西 都会成为蚊子的来源，

so tip out, cover up or remove these water-holding containers

所以，在你的后院， 把这些盛水的容器翻出来，

in your backyard.

盖上盖子或直接搬走蓄水的容器。

Screen your rainwater tanks.

盖住雨水池。

Clean your gutters and your drains,

清理排水沟和下水道，

reduce that standing water that mosquitoes love so much

在我们家周围

around our homes.

减少蚊子喜欢的死水。

Secondly,

第二点，

insect repellents are a safe and effective way

驱虫剂也是一个安全有效的方法，

to avoid mosquito bites.

它可以避免蚊子叮咬。

When you're choosing a formulation

当你从当地的药店或超市

from the local pharmacy or the supermarket,

选购驱虫剂的时候，

make sure you apply it as a nice, even coat

确保把它用法得当，

over all exposed areas of skin.

用在所有暴露在外头的皮肤上。

Don't put it on like perfume.

不要像喷香水那样。

A dab here or there is not going to provide protection.

随意地用一下是不会有保护作用的。

Unless you've got complete cover, those mosquitoes will find a way

除非你全副武装， 否则就会给蚊子们可乘之机。

to find that gap in your repellent and bite.

蚊子会发现没有用驱虫剂的地方， 然后咬下去。

Lastly, a way that you might be able to stop the buzz of mosquitoes.

最后，一个可能可以停止 蚊子的嗡嗡声的方法。

Why not just switching on a fan?

为什么不打开风扇呢？

We know that operating a fan in a bedroom can help reduce those mosquitoes

我们知道在卧室里 用风扇是可以减少蚊子

that come in and buzz around our ears at night.

在晚上来到我们耳边嗡嗡作响的。

It disperses the smells and the temperatures

风扇能帮助分散吸引

around that body that attracts them;

它们的身体的气味和温度。

it might make it a bit harder for that mossie

风扇也让蚊子更难

to fly around and find us as well.

飞到我们身边以及发现我们。

So finally, I want to leave you with a thought.

最后，我想留给大家一个思考。

We may hate mosquitoes, and I understand.

我们可能讨厌蚊子，我知道。

I don’t want to convert you into loving these bloodsuckers.

我没想劝大家喜欢上这些“吸血鬼”。

But we need to understand them.

但需要了解它。

Because if we can’t understand the diversity of mosquitoes

因为，如果我们在创造绿色城市时，

and their relationships with the environments

不了解它的多样性，

we’re creating in our green cities,

以及和环境之间的关系的话，

it's going to become a much greater struggle

就会遇到更多的麻烦，

to kind of reduce the burden of disease that might come with them.

比如怎样减少由蚊媒 疾病带来的负担等等。

And unfortunately,

不幸的是，

mosquitoes are going to be yet another challenge we face

在气候变化的影响下。

as we move forward into our future cities

当我们迈入未来城市时，

under the impact of a changing climate.

蚊子依旧是我们面临的挑战！