How to Design Mosquitoes Out of Cities | Cameron Webb | TED

44,667 views ใƒป 2022-03-31

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Woori Suh ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:04
We're going to have hotter, drier summers in our cities.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๋” ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์งˆ ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
00:08
We're going to have to deal with more frequent and intense heat waves.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:13
It's going to have an impact on our health and well-being,
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
but not just us.
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00:17
What about the plants and animals that call our cities home?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:21
So what could we do about that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:24
We could green our cities, we could plant trees.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด์„œ ๋…น์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ผ์ฃ .
00:26
The shade provided by trees provides protection
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ด ์—ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:29
from those impacts of the heat.
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00:32
But what do we need to make those plants thrive and survive?
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์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:36
We need water.
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€์š”.
00:38
Our green cities need water, but mosquitoes also like water.
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๋…น์ƒ‰๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
And so how can we balance the impacts that come from both of those,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:47
if we perhaps are inadvertently creating increasing pests
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
00:51
and public health risks for ourselves
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:53
in the ways in which we try to respond to a changing climate?
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:57
How can we green our cities and not create a problem with mosquitoes?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ง€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:00
The mosquito is the deadliest animal on the planet.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
About half a million people die every year because of mosquito bite.
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๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ 50๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ๋ ค์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ด์š”.
01:07
Diseases such as malaria and dengue
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด์€
01:10
infect hundreds of millions of people every year, across the planet.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
That burden of disease weighs quite heavily
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋‹น๊ตญ์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ œ๋ฒ• ํฐ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ์„œ
01:17
on both communities and local authorities,
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01:19
as they struggle to try to deal with those impacts.
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:23
Here in Australia, we're very fortunate to be free
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์ด๊ณณ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”
01:26
of some of the more serious mosquito-borne diseases,
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฝค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
but there are still pathogens spread by local mosquitoes
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:32
that can make us sick.
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01:34
So something like Ross River virus.
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๋กœ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด
01:37
If we get infected with this virus, we may not die,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:40
but we could get seriously ill.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•“๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Fever, rash, joint pain, fatigue ...
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๋ฐœ์—ด, ๋ฐœ์ง„, ๊ด€์ ˆํ†ต, ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:45
We could be battling illness for many months.
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ๋ณ‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:49
But notwithstanding the burden of disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค์น˜๊ณ ,
01:51
what about the nuisance that mosquitoes can have just to our day-to-day lives?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ๋งŒ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ด๋„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ง์ด ์—†์ฃ ?
01:55
How many of you have been bothered by mosquitoes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ .
01:57
when you're outside, enjoying the barbecue
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์šธ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
02:00
or visiting the local wetlands during summer?
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์Šต์ง€์— ๋†€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
02:02
What about that mosquito that buzzes around your bedroom at night?
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๋ฐค์— ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์œ™์œ™ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ณ ์š”?
02:06
How can we manage these risks and move forward,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ
02:10
and try to live in a greener city
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๋” ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:11
and not create opportunities for mosquitoes?
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02:14
So I spend my summers sloshing about in wetlands,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒ ๋ฒ…๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
02:17
wrangling mosquitoes.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์™€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:19
Despite the sunburn and the mosquito bites and the mud,
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:22
I actually do quite like my job.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ผ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And I've also got a confession to make to you all ...
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:27
I actually quite like mosquitoes.
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์ „ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:31
I'm quite fascinated by them.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
I think they're actually quite beautiful,
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
if you get a chance to look at them underneath the microscope.
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02:37
So before I started my research
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:39
and first looked through a microscope at a mosquito,
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:42
I don't think I'd really given them much of a thought.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด ๋ดค์—ˆ์ฃ .
๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:45
I knew that they were involved in outbreaks of disease overseas,
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02:48
and I was quite familiar with that smell of a smoldering mosquito coil.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐํ–ฅ์ด ํ”ผ์šฐ๋Š” ๋…ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:52
It still reminds me of summer holidays.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜์š”.
02:55
But the work I do now,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
02:57
together with that of scientists around the country,
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02:59
is trying to work out how we can stop people getting sick
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
because of mosquito bites.
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03:04
It requires us to understand
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜
03:06
the role that mosquitoes have in our local environment,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:09
and how we can change our cities
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๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
03:11
so that we're greening our cities,
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ง€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
03:13
we're mitigating those impacts of climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์„œ
03:16
but at the same time not creating opportunities for mosquitoes.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:21
Did you know there are over 60 different types of mosquitoes
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์›จ์Šคํ„ด ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ 60์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:25
that are found in Western Sydney?
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03:28
So it's not just that one mosquito that you slap on your arm and squash;
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŒ”์„ ๋•Œ๋ ค์„œ ์žก๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
they're an incredibly diverse and interesting range of animals.
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
There's 60 different types across Western Sydney.
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์›จ์Šคํ„ด ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ์ „์—ญ์—๋งŒ 60์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:38
These mosquitoes might be big, they might be small.
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๋ฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
They might be black with distinctively striped legs.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋‚˜
03:45
They might be a pale brown color.
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ํ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:47
Or they might be a really vibrant orange color.
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๋ˆˆ์— ํ™• ๋„๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:50
But one of the things I love about all of these mosquitoes
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง• ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
๋…ํŠนํ•จ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:53
is that they're very unique,
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03:54
they've adapted to very different types of environment.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:57
Itโ€™s one of the reasons that I like them, because theyโ€™re incredibly adaptive.
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04:00
But itโ€™s also the thing that worries me about them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์›์—๋„ ์ ์‘ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:03
because they could be adapting to these sources of water
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04:06
we're creating around our cities.
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04:08
So mosquitoes are found in an incredibly wide range of environments,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:12
from coastal rock pools
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ํ•ด๋ณ€ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๋ฐ‘์— ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜,
04:13
to snowmelt streams in our Alpine regions,
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๋†’์€ ์‚ฐ์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋…น์•„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๋ƒ‡๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜,
04:16
from polluted drains to pristine wetlands
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์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์Šต์ง€๊นŒ์ง€
04:19
and almost every puddle of water in between.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›…๋ฉ์ด์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
There are mosquitoes found in all of these environments.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:24
And understanding how the mosquitoes interact with these environments
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด
04:27
and the climate
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04:28
is really important to understand how they might play a role
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:31
in outbreaks of disease.
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04:33
But all of these mosquitoes essentially need two things:
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
they need blood and they need water.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์™€ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
So I'll get to the blood in a little while,
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ํ”ผ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
but let me talk to you about why water is really important for mosquitoes.
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04:45
The humble mossie is a really frail and fragile creature.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Looks like it'll fall apart in a strong breeze.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
04:50
It's hard to imagine these are the most dangerous animals on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
But these animals kind of rely on water;
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
they've got an amazing life cycle that starts in the water.
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04:59
They need water.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
๋ฌผ ์•ˆํŒŽ์—์„œ ์•Œ์„ ๊นŒ๊ณ ,
05:01
So eggs are laid in and around sources of water,
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05:03
and then, when it rains, or tides come into the wetlands,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์Šต์ง€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ๋•Œ,
05:06
these eggs hatch, and out of these eggs hatch these wormlike larvae
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์ด ์•Œ์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
05:09
that swim around in the water.
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๋ฌผ ์†์„ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:11
Maybe youโ€™ve seen them in puddles or your pot plant saucers.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”๋ถ„ ๋ฐ›์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:14
Or maybe, as I did as a child,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
05:16
if you're a bit slow to clean your backyard swimming pool
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๋’ค๋œฐ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๋ค˜์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
05:19
when warmer weather arrives,
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๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋”์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด
05:20
all of a sudden, you can see these mosquitoes
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:22
swimming around at the top of the water.
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05:24
But during summer, it might only take a week or so
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
05:27
for them to emerge from that water and start flying around.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
They only live for a few weeks,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:32
but during that time, they can bite a lot of people,
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌผ์ฃ .
05:35
and they can lay more than a thousand eggs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1000๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
But to get those eggs, they need blood.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•Œ์„ ๊นŒ๋ ค๋ฉด ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
05:42
Mosquitoes need blood, that's why they bite.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
It's only the female mosquito that bites,
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์•”์ปท ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๋ฌด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:48
and she needs that protein hit in her blood to develop her eggs.
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์•Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
They can live quite happily on plant juices and sugars, most of the time,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฆ™๊ณผ ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
but they really need that blood to develop eggs.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์•Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
ํ”ผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:57
And the animals they can get that blood from can be incredibly varied,
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์†Œ์™€ ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ƒˆ๋„ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:00
from cows and kangaroos to birds to frogs.
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06:03
But also us.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And I know some of us in this room, you're probably thinking,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:08
"Boy, mosquitoes sure like to bite me
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โ€œ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์™œ ๋‚ด ์˜†์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•ˆ ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๊ผญ ๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ.โ€
06:10
more than they like to bite my friends."
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06:12
And sometimes, we can be a bit unlucky like that.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:16
But it's also important to remember that mosquitoes, when they bite,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ ๋•Œ
06:20
can not only create an itchy red lump on our skin,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›€์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:22
but they can also make us sick.
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๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
They can transmit pathogens that make us sick.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:27
But mosquitoes arenโ€™t flying around,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
06:30
transferring droplets of infected blood from person to person.
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์ด์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ €์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ•๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
These are not dirty syringes;
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:35
theyโ€™re much more complicated organisms.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So the mosquitoes themselves have to become infected with the pathogen
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๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
before they can pass that on to us.
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06:43
And when it comes to pathogen transmission,
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๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ์ „์—ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
not all mosquitoes are created equal.
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06:49
It's why it's really important to understand mosquitoes,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
06:51
because even though we have dozens of mosquitoes here in Sydney
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์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ์ข…์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
06:54
that could transmit something like Ross River virus,
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๋กœ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:57
there are no mosquitoes currently in Sydney
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š”
07:00
that can transmit the pathogens that cause more serious diseases,
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ,
07:03
things like dengue, chikungunya or Zika.
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์ฆ‰ ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด, ์น˜์ฟค๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ง€์นด๋Š” ๋ชป ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Let's hope it stays that way.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
07:09
So what does a green city look like for a mosquito?
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋„์‹œ๋ž€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:11
So first of all, there are trees that provide shade,
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
07:15
protection from wind and sun ...
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๋น›๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
It provides these kind of protected, humid little areas,
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์Šตํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:19
where mosquitoes can take refuge.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
The longer mosquitoes live,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์ˆ˜๋ก,
07:23
the more people they bite,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆด์ˆ˜๋ก,
07:24
the more eggs they lay.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
But itโ€™s not so much the plants but the water they need,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์‹๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
07:30
which is really critical for mosquitoes.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
So in a green city, we have water tanks,
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๋…น์ง€ํ™”๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:35
we build wetlands.
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์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:37
Weโ€™ve got green walls and frog ponds.
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์ˆ˜์ง ์ •์›๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ชป,
07:40
Weโ€™ve got bioretention basins.
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์‹์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์ง€๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:42
Weโ€™ve got rain gardens.
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๋น—๋ฌผ ์ •์›๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
All of these structures that might be designed to store and recycle water
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๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ
๋„์‹œ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„
07:48
in and around our cities and suburbs
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07:49
could be used by mosquitoes.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Remember, mosquitoes love this water that's available to them.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:56
So how can we design our cities
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ
07:57
so that mosquitoes aren't quick to adapt to these types of environments?
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:01
Wherever there's water, mosquitoes will lay eggs,
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๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋””๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
08:04
and we have to be mindful about that as we try to respond and green our cities,
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ง€ํ™”ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
08:08
create the structures that will help us.
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์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
It'll make a city greater.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:11
I want to live in a green city.
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์ €๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
I would love to live in a green city;
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ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:15
it's probably great for my physical and mental health and well-being.
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์ œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ณต์ง€์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋–ผ์™€๋Š” ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
I just don't want to share that with too many mosquitoes.
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08:21
And mosquitoes are so adaptive
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
08:23
that I'm sure that they're going to create opportunities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ทน ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:25
in these structures that we're building,
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08:27
and so I'm really worried
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ ๋ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ผ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
that we're going to see more and more mosquitoes into the future.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‘”๊ฐ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
08:32
So how do you create a wetland that's not home to mosquitoes?
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08:35
One of the really interesting pieces of research we've found in recent years
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:38
is that problematic mosquito populations
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์ด
08:40
often seem to be associated with wetlands of poor health:
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์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์Šต์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
wetlands that have more stagnant water,
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๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์Šต์ง€,
08:47
wetlands that don't have enough predators to eat the mosquitoes.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์Šต์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
So itโ€™s a tantalizing idea
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„,
08:53
that if you can create a wetland that's healthier,
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๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
08:55
it has more water flow,
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๋ฌผ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:56
it has a greater level of biodiversity,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:58
you can actually keep mosquito populations down.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
If you provide habitats for the animals that eat mosquitoes --
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:04
the birds, the bats, the fish, the frogs, the spiders,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ƒˆ, ๋ฐ•์ฅ, ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋‚˜,
09:08
any number of aquatic insects that love munching on mosquitoes --
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์”น๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๊ณค์ถฉ ๋“ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:12
rather than being a problem,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
09:13
mosquitoes are not going to disappear,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
we're not going to get rid of mosquitoes completely,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:18
but if they're at a more balanced place in the ecosystem,
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09:21
maybe we'll have fewer pest impacts,
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ํ•ด์ถฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:23
and more importantly,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
09:25
maybe we will see less mosquito-borne disease.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
But what about stormwater drains?
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์ด์ œ ๋น—๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:31
These are already a common sight in our local wetlands,
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์ง€์—ญ ์Šต์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:34
and there's a mosquito that calls these habitats home,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ์‹์ง€์— ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ .
09:37
which you all already know.
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09:39
You may not notice it when it flies past you,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ชป ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:42
but you know its sound.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:44
You've probably learned to hate the sound of this mosquito,
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์‹ซ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:47
more so than its bite.
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09:48
This is a mosquito called the brown house mosquito.
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ง‘๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
It loves breeding in polluted ponds and pipes and waterways;
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ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ์ˆ˜๋กœ, ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์—ฐ๋ชป์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:54
it's going to be quick to exploit
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ์ˆ˜ ์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
the ways in which we store wastewater in our cities.
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09:59
The thing is about this mosquito
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐค์— ์‹ค๋‚ด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
is that it loves coming indoors at night.
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10:03
It's the mosquito that's going to be buzzing around your face at night,
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๋ฐค์— ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
์ž  ๋ชป ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ฃ .
10:07
keep you awake, disrupting your sleep.
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10:08
Now the reason you can hear that mosquito
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
is not because it makes a sound that's different to any other mosquito.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:14
It's just that a mosquito prefers to bite birds,
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10:17
and so it's flying around your face and your body,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ๋ชธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
10:19
responding to your heat and the smell of your skin, working out,
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์ฒด์—ด์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฒด์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋งก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
"Is this a large, featherless bird?
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โ€œ์ด ์ƒˆ๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ๊นƒํ„ธ์ด ์—†๋„ค? ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค. โ€
10:24
I'm not sure whether I want to bite it or not."
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10:26
It's bad luck for those of you who smell a bit like a bird.
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์ƒˆ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถˆ์Œํ•˜์ฃ .
(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:29
(Laughter)
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10:31
But it's a reminder that sometimes,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
10:33
it's not just the bite of mosquitoes that's the problem,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค
์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
it's the disturbance that can be caused by large numbers of mosquitoes.
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์ผ๋‹จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์ฃ .
10:39
And so we don't want these mosquitoes coming inside our homes,
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์ง‘์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:42
where we're kind of creating opportunities for these mosquitoes in our cities.
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10:47
So what about our backyards?
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๋’ค๋œฐ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
10:49
We all want to keep our backyards healthy,
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๋’ค๋œฐ๋„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:51
we want to have a great opportunity for our plants and our pets
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์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
and the local wildlife.
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๋„์š”.
10:56
One effective way to do that is installing a rainwater tank.
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์ด์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Problem is, rainwater tanks can be a great source
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:01
for very serious mosquitoes.
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11:04
You all in this room have probably been bitten
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘
ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋’ค๋œฐ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
by the Australian backyard mosquito.
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11:09
Its scientific name is Aedes notoscriptus.
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ํ•™๋ช…์€ ์—๋ฐ์Šค ๋…ธํ† ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํˆฌ์Šค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:12
It is the most widespread mosquito in Australia;
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:15
almost everybody has opportunities for this mosquito in their backyard.
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๋’ค๋œฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Whether it's a birdbath, a pot plant saucer,
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์ƒˆ ๋ฌผํ†ต์ด๋‚˜, ํ™”๋ถ„ ์ ‘์‹œ๋‚˜,
11:21
even the smallest volumes of water trapped in a water-holding container
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฌผ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์— ๊ณ ์ธ ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌผ์—๋„
11:25
will be a place this mosquito can lay its eggs.
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
It's a nuisance biting pest,
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๊ท€์ฐฎ์€ ํ•ด์ถฉ์ด๊ธด ํ•ด๋„,
11:30
but it's not a serious threat to our health.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
But there's a problem here,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ƒ๋ฉด,
11:34
because these same habitats where this mosquito is found
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๋Š”
11:37
could also be the home of a mosquito
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋Š”
11:40
that's associated with the transmission of much more serious pathogens,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
pathogens that can cause outbreaks of disease
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๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด, ์น˜์ฟค๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ง€์นด ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika.
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11:51
These mosquitoes are the Asian tiger mosquito
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์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋‚˜,
11:53
or the yellow fever mosquito.
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ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
These two mosquitoes are not found in Sydney at the moment,
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
11:58
but worldwide, they contribute to major outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฃผ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
They don't breed in wetlands,
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์Šต์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:05
they love these water-holding containers in our backyards.
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๋ฌผ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋’ค๋œฐ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
And as we do a better job of creating these opportunities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋œฐ์— ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:11
like rainwater tanks in our backyards,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
12:13
maybe we're creating an opportunity for these mosquitoes to move in.
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์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti,
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์—๋ฐ์Šค ์—์ง‘ํ‹ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š”
12:21
was actually once common in Sydney,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋•Œ ํ”ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:24
but during the '50s, it disappeared.
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50๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
One of the reasons for its disappearance
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ํฐ ์ด์œ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:29
could well have been the fact that we moved away from rainwater tanks.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์—†์•ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
And now, rainwater tanks are coming back.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:35
They're going to become more common.
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๋” ๋ณดํŽธํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:37
And could that see the return of these mosquitoes?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
12:40
I certainly hope not.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
12:45
So what can authorities do about reducing the mosquitoes
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ง€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:48
associated with these greening cities that we're dealing with?
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:52
There's a role for our local authorities
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:54
to consider mosquitoes when they're building wetlands,
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12:57
creating wastewater recycling schemes,
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ํ์ˆ˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ ,
12:59
regulating the installation of rainwater tanks.
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๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Because these are dynamic systems.
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์— ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:05
It's not just about how you design them and build them,
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๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:08
but it's how you maintain them.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
You can't just build them and walk away,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๋ฉด,
13:12
because as we've learned,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”,
13:15
if these habitats degrade, they become more suitable for mosquitoes.
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์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋…ธํ›„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์„œ์‹์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
These types of structures,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ฃ .
13:22
these wetlands in our cities, they're great.
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13:24
They help reduce pollution, they help store water,
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์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ
13:26
but we don't want them to become an opportunity for mosquitoes.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:32
But what about us?
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๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:33
There's a role for local government, for our local authorities,
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:36
but how an we help protect our families and our friends
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๋„์‹œ ๋…น์ง€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:39
from the impact of mosquitoes associated with a greening city?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:44
I'm going to leave you with three tips
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ
13:46
that can help you stop the bite of mosquitoes
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ™์œ™๋Œ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ง‰์•„์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
and the buzz of mosquitoes this summer.
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13:50
First of all,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ,
13:52
don't create opportunities for mosquitoes in your backyard.
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๋’ค๋œฐ์— ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
13:55
Anything that traps water after rainfall will be a source of mosquitoes,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:58
so tip out, cover up or remove these water-holding containers
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๋’ค๋œฐ์— ๋ฌผ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰์•„๋‘๋“ ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”
14:02
in your backyard.
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14:04
Screen your rainwater tanks.
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๋น—๋ฌผ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”.
14:06
Clean your gutters and your drains,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:08
reduce that standing water that mosquitoes love so much
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”, ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„์ด์„ธ์š”.
14:10
around our homes.
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14:13
Secondly,
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ,
14:15
insect repellents are a safe and effective way
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
to avoid mosquito bites.
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14:18
When you're choosing a formulation
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์•ฝ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šˆํผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์‹ค ๋•Œ๋Š”
14:20
from the local pharmacy or the supermarket,
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14:22
make sure you apply it as a nice, even coat
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๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”.
14:25
over all exposed areas of skin.
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14:28
Don't put it on like perfume.
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ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:30
A dab here or there is not going to provide protection.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ ์‚ด์ง ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
Unless you've got complete cover, those mosquitoes will find a way
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŽด ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
14:36
to find that gap in your repellent and bite.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ๋ฌผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Lastly, a way that you might be able to stop the buzz of mosquitoes.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ™์œ™๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์œผ์‹œ๋ ค๋ฉด
14:43
Why not just switching on a fan?
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์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŠธ์„ธ์š”.
14:45
We know that operating a fan in a bedroom can help reduce those mosquitoes
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์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‹€๋ฉด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค์— ์นจ์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
14:49
that come in and buzz around our ears at night.
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์œ™์œ™๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
It disperses the smells and the temperatures
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์„ ํ’๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ด๊ณผ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
14:53
around that body that attracts them;
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋œ ๊ผฌ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
it might make it a bit harder for that mossie
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
14:58
to fly around and find us as well.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
15:02
So finally, I want to leave you with a thought.
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๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด,
15:05
We may hate mosquitoes, and I understand.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ด ํกํ˜ˆ๊ท€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋“ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:08
I donโ€™t want to convert you into loving these bloodsuckers.
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15:12
But we need to understand them.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Because if we canโ€™t understand the diversity of mosquitoes
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
15:16
and their relationships with the environments
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:19
weโ€™re creating in our green cities,
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15:20
it's going to become a much greater struggle
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
to kind of reduce the burden of disease that might come with them.
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15:26
And unfortunately,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„
15:27
mosquitoes are going to be yet another challenge we face
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฒช์„ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚œ๊ด€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
as we move forward into our future cities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:32
under the impact of a changing climate.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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