How to Weave a Cultural Legacy Through Storytelling | Cohen Bradley | TED

翻译人员: Sophia Ye 校对人员: suya f.

I come from a culture of storytellers.

我来自一个讲故事的文化。

Our oldest legends stretch back to a time of the supernatural.

我们最古老的传说延伸到超自然的时代。

They're so ancient, they begin long ago,

它们如此古老，

before time began,

早在时间开始之前，

when the world was both light and dark.

当世界既有光明又有 黑暗时，它们就开始了。

So I thought we could discuss the story of story itself, of legacy.

因此，我想我们可以讨论 故事本身的故事，传承的故事。

In a Western sense,

从西方的角度来看，

legacy is the mark a person leaves on history.

传承是一个人在历史上留下的印记。

Statues are raised for the heroes, for those that are revered.

雕像是为了英雄而建造的， 为那些备受尊崇的人而建造的。

In my culture, we see it a bit differently.

在我的文化中， 我们有些不同的看法。

(Speaking Haida)

（用海达语说）

I am Taaydal.

我是泰达尔 (Taaydal)。

It's closest, direct translation is "coming in big."

它的最接近、直接的翻译是“来得大”。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I come from Haida Gwaii,

我来自海达岛，

an archipelago off the northwest coast of British Columbia,

它是不列颠哥伦比亚西北 海岸的一个群岛，

where, on a clear day, you could paint the shores

在晴朗的日子里， 你可以从我们北部的海滩上

of the Alaskan panhandle from our northern beaches.

看到阿拉斯加的海岸线。

Our legacy or the stories told about us, at least internationally,

关于我们的传承或者说关于 我们的故事，至少在国际上，

is of our monumental Haida art,

我们以我们宏伟的海达艺术而闻名，

our intricate 40-foot story poles,

以我们精美的 40 英尺故事柱、

our longhouses and canoes and our dance masks,

我们的长屋、独木舟和 舞蹈面具而闻名世界各地。

which are all internationally renowned and collected.

他们都是国际化的享有盛誉并被收藏。

It is, however, our weaving that, in my opinion, is the unsung hero.

然而，在我看来， 我们的编织才是无声的英雄。

I dare say our entire culture and society was supported by our weaving,

我敢说，我们整个文化和社会 都是由我们的编织支撑起来的，

be it the clothing we wore or the rope for our fishermen

无论是我们穿的衣服， 还是我们渔民使用的绳索，

or the baskets we wove to collect and store our food for winter.

或者是我们编织的篮子用来收集 和储存我们的冬季食物。

When you weave a cedar basket, you have your warps,

当你编织一只雪松篮子时，你有纵线，

which cascade down your form,

它们沿着你的形状垂下来，

and you have your weft, which spirals continuously around it,

你有纬线，它们不断地围绕着纵线螺旋，

incorporating itself over and under your warps to create your basket.

通过纵线的上下交织来创建篮子。

We are, I think, the weft,

我认为，我们就像纬线，

trying to find our way around the form,

试图在形状周围找到自己的方式，

being careful not to miss a step or make a mistake,

小心地不要错过一步或犯错误，

or for some of us, trying not to unravel altogether.

或者对我们其中一些人来说， 试图不要完全崩溃。

That's how I think of legacy,

这就是我对传承的理解，

as the weaving together of our stories passed on as a whole.

它将我们的故事作为一个 整体编织在一起。

And it may seem a little esoteric, but I'd love to give you an example.

这可能看起来有点深奥， 但我想给你举一个例子。

250 years ago,

大约 250 年前，

approximately 20,000 Haidas thrived on the shores of Haida Gwaii.

约有 2 万名海达人 在海达岛上繁荣发展。

Less than 600 remained at the end of the 19th century.

到 19 世纪末， 仅剩下不到 600 人。

So it was 250 years ago that an explorer arrived,

250 年前，一位探险家乘

sailing on the ship, "Santiago,"

坐着“圣地亚哥”号船首次到达这里。

the first European to do so.

他是第一个来的欧洲人

So what was his legacy?

那么他的传承是什么？

Was it the inlet that's named after him on Haida Gwaii?

是以他的名字命名在海达瓜依的海湾吗？

Or what I assume were the unintended consequences

还是我认为是天花和结核病的无意后果。

of smallpox and tuberculosis,

our potlatch bans, residential schools,

或者他的传承是取消我们的聚餐仪式， 强迫我们进入寄宿学校，

the burning of our masks and poles as firewood,

将我们的面具和故事柱当作柴火烧掉，

or the collectors who came and ransacked the villages

或者让收藏家们来洗劫

that we were forced to abandon?

我们被迫离开的村庄？

That is the colonial legacy.

那是殖民遗留。

Our legacy is of those 600 Haidas

我们的传承是指那 600 名海达人

who stood against the well-oiled machinery of an empire that sought to destroy them.

抵抗了一个试图摧毁他们 的帝国的精心机构的那些人。

And though they have no inlets that bear their names,

虽然他们没有海湾以他们的名字命名，

their legacy can be seen every time we stand up

但每当我们站起来说

and say, “We are the Haida nation.”

“我们是海达民族”时， 他们的传承都可以看到。

Their legacy was on display last fall when my clan, the K’ayaahl Laanas,

他们的传承在去年秋天展示出来， 当我的氏族，卡亚尔·拉纳斯，

the sea lion town people,

海狮镇的人们，

descended from those born at K’ay Llnagaay, Ts’aahl Llnagaay,

源自那些在凯·林纳盖、查尔·林纳盖、

Xaayna, Kaysuun and Niisii, held a potlatch.

赛纳、凯苏恩和新井出生的人， 举行了一个聚餐仪式。

A potlatch is when clans and nations come together

聚餐仪式是氏族和国家聚集在一起的时候

for the purposes of feasting and conducting business

为了宴会和开展业务

like a chief being inaugurated,

比如酋长就职典礼

or a person receiving a name or a death or a marriage.

或者一个人接受名字或者死亡或婚姻。

We witness these business transactions to support

我们见证这些商务交易，支持它们，

or even to defend them if necessary.

甚至在必要时为它们辩护。

Our potlatch was memorial pole raising, honoring our late Chief Gaahlaay.

我们的聚餐是为了纪念我们已故的 酋长加赫莱而举行的纪念柱升起仪式。

A memorial pole is, in and of itself,

纪念柱本身就是财富和地位 的象征，就像雕像一样。

a symbol of wealth and status, much like a statue.

Where they differ is in the rings that are carved up the pole,

它们的区别在于柱子上雕刻的环，

each one representing a potlatch,

每一个环代表一个聚餐，

the real measure of wealth for a chief,

是酋长财富的真正衡量标准，

marking each occasion that a chief and his clan came together

标志着酋长和他的氏族每次聚集在一起，

and they redistributed their wealth beyond their needs

将他们的财富超出自身需要，

to ensure that other clans and nations could survive the winter as well.

确保其他氏族和国家也能度过冬季。

My piece of the story began on a beautiful fall afternoon.

我故事的一部分发生在 一个美丽的秋日午后。

The type of day you would take a jacket with you

那种你会带上外套 却最后到处携带它的日子。

and only ever end up carrying it around everywhere you go.

I had no sooner landed in Haida Gwaii than I was in a speedboat,

我到了海达瓜伊，上了快艇，

skimming across the inlet to our traditional village site

掠过海湾，

of Xaayna Llnagaay, or Sunshine Town.

来到我们传统村落 赛纳·林纳盖，或者阳光镇。

And as I leapt off the bow onto the shore,

当我从船头跳下来登上岸时，

I was told that we just missed the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,

有人告诉我，我们刚刚 错过了皇家加拿大骑警，

or Mounties,

who had come over on their speedboat to sleuth out the cause of the smoke

他们乘坐快艇过来， 调查冒烟的原因，

that was billowing into the sky.

那些烟正在天空中腾升。

They wanted to make sure that Maude Island wasn't on fire.

他们想确保莫德岛没有失火。

You see, there was a bonfire going on the beach,

你瞧，海滩上有个篝火，

and we were burning the branches from trees

我们正在燃烧从树木上割下的树枝，

that we had been removing to unveil big rectangles of sunken earth

揭开我们的长屋曾经 矗立的太阳地下的大矩形。

where our longhouses once stood.

And for me, the smoke was a bat signal in the sky.

对我来说，烟是天空中的蝙蝠信号。

The K’ayaahl Laanas have returned home.

卡亚尔·拉纳斯已经回到家了。

Shortly after arriving,

刚到达不久后，

I was six feet deep in the Earth and working to reach seven.

我就深入地下六英尺，努力达到七英尺。

I'd arrived late to the digging party,

虽然我来参加挖掘派对时已经晚了，

but it was my honor to complete the final foot necessary

但能够完成最后一英尺是我的荣幸，

so that the pole we would be raising in a few days' time

这样几天后我们将竖起的柱子

was seated deep enough in the Earth

就能够深入地球，

that the greatest winds of Haida Gwaii wouldn't topple it.

即使海达岛上最强烈的风 也不能将其倾覆。

What made the moment even more powerful were the treasures we found

让这一刻更加有力的是

during the initial digging:

我们在初始挖掘中发现的珍宝：

a portion of a carved stone bowl,

一个雕刻石碗的一部分，

blue and red glass trade beads that came by way of Russian traders

来自俄罗斯商人传来的蓝色 和红色玻璃贸易珠，

all the way from Bohemia.

它们来自波希米亚。

In a way, we were reawakening the spirits

在某种程度上，我们正在 唤醒曾经保存在土地中的灵魂，

that were held in the land

在那里，

where external forces once drove us to abandon those shores,

外部力量曾经驱使我们离开这些海岸，

now we were coming home, and they were there waiting for us.

现在我们回家了， 它们在那里等着我们。

Hundreds of fellow community members,

数百名同胞社区成员、

clans and relatives from our other nations

氏族和来自其他族群的亲属齐聚一堂，

came together to help us raise the pole.

帮助我们举起这根柱子。

It began with an offering of food burned in the fire,

开始时，我们献上烧在火中的食物，

a gift to our ancestors.

献给我们的祖先。

The drum sounded, announcing a canoe coming ashore,

鼓声响起，宣告一艘划艇即将上岸，

carrying the carvers of the pole,

载着柱子的雕刻家、

the current Chief Gaahlaay

现任酋长加赫莱

and the daughter of our late chief, Gwaaganad.

和我们已故酋长的女儿瓜加纳德。

The wild man of the woods was drummed through the village

野人从森林中走过村庄，伴随着鼓声，

to clear out any unwelcome spirits.

驱散任何不受欢迎的灵魂。

And the pole, which at the time lay on the forest floor,

柱子当时躺在森林地面上，

was cleansed with cedar boughs

用沾了海水的雪松枝清洗，

dipped in ocean water and brushed along its length.

沿着它的长度轻轻擦拭。

And new offerings of glass beads were placed into the hole.

还将新的玻璃珠供奉放入洞中。

So that centuries from now,

这样，数百年后，

long after this pole has decayed and returned to the Earth,

当这根柱子腐烂归还大地时，

they would find those treasures from us

他们会找到我们留下的宝藏，

when the next pole was raised in its place.

当下一根柱子在其位置上升起时， 他们会找到这些宝藏。

Thick ropes that were tied around the midsection of the pole

粗绳子被系在柱子的中部，

were stretched down the beach to the water's edge,

沿着海滩一直延伸到水边，

and all those who were able found a place along it.

所有能够的人都找到了一个位置。

And from that first instruction to pull,

从第一个指令开始拉动，

it took only moments for the pole to rise up

柱子只用了片刻就升起来，

and become a permanent beacon for the next 200 years,

成为接下来 200 年的永久灯塔，

that this place is Xaayna Llnagaay

证明这个地方是赛纳·林纳盖，

and it remains the village of the K’ayaahl Laanas Xaaydagaay.

仍然是卡亚尔·拉纳斯·赛达盖的村庄。

Over this two-day event of feasting and raising the pole,

在这个为期两天的盛宴和升柱事件中，

I stood in the role of master of ceremony alongside my clan brother, Gaagwiis.

我和我的氏族兄弟加格维斯一起 担任主持人的角色。

It's a role I inherited from

这是我从我的母亲的叔叔

and share with my maternal uncle Kilslaay Kaadjii Sdin.

基斯莱·卡吉·斯丁 那里继承并分享的角色。

And during our potlatch, we shared in our songs and our stories,

在我们的聚餐上， 我们分享了我们的歌曲和故事，

in our language and in our art,

我们的语言和艺术，

in our traditions and in our deep relationship with our lands and waters.

我们的传统和我们与我们的土地 和水域的深厚关系。

That is true legacy.

这才是真正的传承。

That is the warps that make up my basket.

这就是组成我篮子的纱线。

And I am the weft that weaves myself through them to become a basket,

我是纬线，将自己编织 到其中，成为一个篮子，

that everything else I learn and do in my life

使我在生活中学到的和做的一切都

can be collected in to pass on.

可以收集起来传承下去。

That day I received this copper shield alongside of the name Taaydal.

那天，我得到了这个铜盾牌 和泰达尔这个名字。

Perhaps you've had the same name since birth

也许你从出生开始就有同样的名字，

and will continue to have the same name until you die.

直到你死去都将保持同样的名字。

Well, in my culture,

而在我的文化中，

we are often the caretakers of multiple names over our lifetime.

我们经常在一生中 担任多个名字的守护者。

Last year, I would have first introduced myself as Gidin Kuns.

去年，我首次以吉丁昆斯自我介绍。

Now I am Taaydal,

现在我是泰达尔，

but I do continue to hold the name Gidin Kuns

但我继续保留吉丁昆斯的名字，

until such a time as my sister has a child and I can pass the name on to them.

直到我姐姐生子， 我可以将这个名字传给他们。

It is our duty to build on the wealth and status of our names,

我们的职责是建立起 我们名字的财富和地位，

not just ourselves.

不仅仅是我们自己。

This shield is a witness to the creation of that wealth and status.

这个盾牌见证了这种财富和地位的创造。

It is present at significant occasions:

它在重要场合出现：

as I received my name,

当我接受我的名字时，

it was there at my wedding,

它在我的婚礼上出现，

and tonight it is here, witnessing me speaking to all of you.

在今晚，它在这里， 见证我与你们所有人交谈。

Each of these occasions becomes tied to it,

每个场合都与它联系在一起，

and one day when I pass on the name of Taaydal,

将来的某一天， 当我传递泰达尔这个名字时，

I will recount all that the shield has witnessed

我将叙述盾牌见证过的一切，

and ensure that those stories are carried on with it.

并确保那些故事随之传承下去。

It's a concept I encourage each of you to borrow in your own unique way.

我鼓励你们以自己独特的 方式借鉴这个概念。

The decisions we make today will make the difference

我们今天的决策将决定

on whether or not our descendants will have all the warps in place

我们的后代是否拥有 编织篮子所需的所有纱线，

to weave their own basket,

去编织自己的篮子，

to collect new knowledge and stories in.

能够收集新的知识和故事。

We must not allow our environment to continue to worsen

我们不能让我们的环境继续恶化，

to a point where none of us can carry on our cultures.

以至于我们所有人都 无法传承我们的文化。

We must be willing to do our business in the light.

我们必须愿意在光明中开展业务，

Make decisions in which we can proudly celebrate with our families

做出我们可以自豪地与我们的家人、

and our communities or even our constituents.

社区甚至选民一起庆祝的决策。

Mark individual achievement,

注重个人成就，

but celebrate our collective well-being.

但庆祝我们的集体福祉。

And build up our names so we are proud to pass them on.

建立我们的名字，让我们 自豪地将它们传递下去。

Personal legacy is inevitable, as unavoidable as the passage of time.

个人传承是不可避免的， 就像时间的流逝一样。

And while you may want to prioritize your personal legacy

尽管你可能希望个人传承

to be the one with statues erected in your honor

以为你竖立雕像

or an inlet that bears your name,

或以你的名字命名的海湾为特征，

I ask you to consider

但我要求你考虑

the collective legacy of those unnamed 600.

那 600 个无名之人的集体传承。

They're the only reason that I'm standing here today.

正是因为他们， 我今天能站在这里。

Will future generations look back at us in gratitude

将来的几代人会感激

for all of the gifts we have left them?

我们留给他们的一切吗？

I would hate for them to look back at me and all they could say is,

我不希望他们回顾我，唯一能说的就是

"Wow, he must have been pretty impressive.

“哇，他一定很了不起，

He even got a statue."

甚至还得到了一座雕像。”

Háw'aa, merci, thank you.

哈哇，谢谢你们。

(Applause)

（掌声）