Can Global Food Companies Make the Shift to Regenerative Agriculture? | Steve Presley | TED

翻译人员: Yip Yan Yeung 校对人员: suya f.

Lindsay Levin: Great to be here with you.

林赛·列文 （Lindsay Levin）：

很高兴在这里见到你。

And you started your career at Nestlé

你在雀巢的事业

in a beverage factory in Suffolk, Virginia, I believe, way back when.

始于弗吉尼亚州萨福克 （Suffolk）的饮料厂，

是很久以前了吧。

And today you run the largest business division

如今，你领导着世界 最大的食品公司旗下

of the world's largest food company.

最大的业务部门。

Give us a sense of what that means.

谈谈这意味着什么吧。

Steve Presley: Yeah, obviously, as you said,

史蒂夫·普雷斯利 （Steve Presley）：

显然如你所说，

Nestlé is the world's largest food company.

雀巢是世界上最大的食品公司。

It's also one of the largest food and beverage companies in North America.

它也是北美最大的食品饮料公司。

我敢打赌在座的大多数人

And I would bet the majority of the people in the room

have a Nestlé product in your house.

家里都有雀巢商品。

美国 95% 的家庭会有 来自我们旗下品牌之一的商品。

We're actually in 95 percent of the households in the US

with one of our brands.

当你想到我们的品牌时，

And if you think about our brands,

很多人会通过我们的品牌， 如迪吉奥诺、斯托佛、Hot Pockets、

most people know us through our brands DiGiorno, Stouffer's, Hot Pockets,

Starbucks at home, Coffee-mate or any of our Purina petcare products.

星巴克家享咖啡、咖啡伴侣 或普瑞纳宠物用品了解我们。

And so we have a really broad, vast portfolio of products.

我们的产品矩阵 涉猎广泛、规模庞大。

And as we work across that, how do we bring that to life?

我们在开发这些产品的时候， 是如何实现的呢？

And we bring it to life with 30,000 amazing team members

我们依靠全国各地三万名 优秀员工实现这一图景，

around the country

that are spread around 119 facilities in 28 different states

他们分布在 28 个州 119 座设施中，

that really are focused on trying to make our business

专心致志让我们的业务

and the contributions to the society much better every single day.

和对社会的贡献 每一天都越来越好。

But if you kind of step back at a global level,

如果你向上提升到全球层面，

we actually sell a billion Nestlé products every single day

我们每一天都会在 全球 188 个国家

in 188 countries around the world.

售出 10 亿件雀巢商品。

So massive scale.

这么大的规模。

And to do that, we work directly with 500,000 farmers around the world,

为了实现这一点，我们直接 与世界各地的五十万名农民合作，

directly and indirectly over a million.

直接或间接与超过百万名农民合作。

LL: So that's a lot of responsibility, right?

LL: 这是很重的责任，对吧？

We think about food, we think about farming,

我们想到食物的时候， 就会想到农业，

we think about the responsibility of the agricultural industry

想到农业生产中的责任，

in terms of soil, in terms of water,

涉及土壤、水、排放。

in terms of emissions.

Give us a sense of the challenges that you're now seeking to address

谈一谈你在考虑农业 和食品的未来的时候

as you think forward in terms of farming and food.

试图解决的挑战。

SP: Sure. I mean, look, food production in total

SP: 没问题。食品生产总计

accounts for about 30 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions.

约占全部温室气体排放的 30%。

And at the core of that is agriculture.

其核心是农业。

And for us, that's why regenerative agriculture is so important.

这也就是为什么对我们来说 再生农业如此重要。

For us to continue to make progress on our net-zero commitment,

我们要想继续在净零承诺上 有所进展，

we actually have to see these farming practices adopted at more scale.

我们必须得让这些农业方式 被更广泛地采用。

And when you think about that,

想到这一点的时候，

it's easy to say and it's very hard to do.

说起来容易，做起来难。

Just take it to the US level alone.

单看美国层面。

There’s two million farms in the US,

美国有两百万座农场，

and for us, we source over 2,600 agricultural ingredients

对我们来说，我们会 从全国各地上千个农场

from thousands of farms across the country.

采购超过 2600 种农业食材。

And within that 2,600,

在这 2600 种中，

every single crop has a different challenge

每一种农作物在采用再生方法上

to actually get to regenerative practices.

都面临着不同的挑战。

Carrots are different from apples which are different from dairy

胡萝卜与苹果不同， 与奶制品不同，

which are different from beef.

与牛肉不同。

And so the complexity

这种挑战的复杂程度 和规模不可小觑，

and scale of that challenge across that is incredible

because it's not just one solution that can be applied.

因为没有可用的万能解法。

And secondly, as we talk to our farming partners,

第二，我们在和 农业合作伙伴交流的时候，

we really talk to our suppliers to understand.

我们真的会为了理解他们 去和我们的供应商交流。

They're incredibly interested in this journey.

他们对这个过程非常感兴趣。

We try to put ourselves in the farmers' shoes.

我们试图设身处地地理解农民。

Imagine if this is a multigenerational farm,

想象这是一个代代相传的农场，

and you're the farmer that's changing the way

你成为了面临更好的耕作方式，

you've farmed the soil for hundreds of years,

改变上百年来的 耕田方式的那个农民。

and now there's a better way to do it.

It's incredible risk.

风险巨大。

That's where I think for us as Nestlé,

这就是我认为我们作为雀巢，

we feel like we have to play and share in that risk.

也应该参与、共同承担 这种风险的立场。

And we approach it in this idea of creating shared value.

我们提出了创造共同价值的解决方案。

And everybody says creating shared value.

每个人都在说创造共同价值。

But for us, it has to be good for Nestlé.

但对我们来说， 必须是对雀巢有益的。

We’re a for-profit company and a publicly traded company,

我们是一家盈利性的企业， 一家上市公司，

and what we do is focused around being good for us.

我们做的一切 都围绕着对我们自己有益。

But at the same time, we want it to be good for the farmers,

但与此同时，我们也希望 对农民有益，

good for our suppliers, good for our consumers

对供应商有益， 对消费者有益，

and ultimately good for the planet.

最终对我们的地球有益。

LL: Tell us about the goals you’ve set for the company.

LL: 说说你为公司设定的目标。

How ambitious are you trying to be, how do you prioritize?

你有多雄心勃勃， 你如何排定优先级？

SP: Yeah, look, for us on the goals,

SP: 我们在目标上，

we have a net-zero commitment by 2050, which seems like a long time away,

我们预计在 2050 年以前 达到净零排放，看似还有很久，

but as we all know, it's tomorrow.

但我们都知道，就在眼前了。

And if we haven't already started making progress against that, we're in trouble.

如果我们还没有为此作出努力， 那就麻烦了。

And we're quite proud of the fact

我们对我们在过去几年里 取得的进展还挺自豪的，

that the progress we made in the last couple of years,

we're actually beyond peak carbon

我们已经度过了碳达峰，

and so we're reducing carbon as we move ahead.

之后都会持续减碳。

So we’re very focused on that.

我们全心全意追求这一目标。

And we really approach it in kind of four key pillars.

我们通过四大支柱努力。

We approach it with ingredients that I'll talk quite a bit about today,

包括我刚提到的食材、

we approach it on packaging, manufacturing, the conversion process,

包装、生产（转化过程），

and then last, the local communities that we serve.

还有我们服务的当地群体。

And if I can just quickly on each one.

我简单地说一说每一点。

In ingredients, you think about it,

食材的话，

regenerative agriculture has to come to all those in a way

再生农业必须渗透方方面面，

that brings sustainable change.

带来可持续的改变。

And so we’re very focused on that.

我们非常注重这一点。

And we have to do it across every single bucket,

我们得让每一桶食材都做到这一点，

whether it's wheat, rice, corn.

无论是小麦、大米还是玉米。

And we've got teams and programs focused across all of those categories.

我们在每一个品种上 都有专门的团队和项目。

And for us, we've committed to be 50 percent regenerative-sourced by 2030.

我们致力于在 2030 年以前 达到 50% 再生食材来源。

We're well on our way on that journey.

我们正在这条路上稳步前进。

If you think about packaging,

说到包装，

we're very proud of the progress we've made in packaging.

我们对包装方面 取得的进展非常自豪。

We've reduced over half a million tons of plastic

我们从现有包装减少了

from our existing packaging today,

超过 50 万吨塑料，

with so much more to go on that journey.

还会越来越多。

And then if you think

说到生产转化过程，

about the manufacturing conversion process,

we committed to 100 percent renewable electricity across all of our facilities,

我们致力于让所有设施 使用上 100% 的可再生电力。

and we're actually well on the way on that, we're at 50 percent.

我们正在途中，已经到了中点。

We've been able to reduce our scope to emissions around that already.

我们已经成功将排放量 降低到了这个水平。

We're invested in two massive solar farms in Texas

我们在德州投资了 两座巨型太阳能发电厂，

that have allowed us to do that, and we continue to push that forward.

助我们一臂之力， 我们也在继续努力。

All of our factories in the US actually are zero waste to landfill

我们所有位于美国的工厂 如今都已经达到了废弃物零填埋。

already today.

And then lastly is in the local farming communities.

最后一点是当地的农民群体。

And when we talk about working with the farmers,

说到与农民的合作，

just a couple examples.

我来举几个例子。

You know,

比如，

if you think about the work we do in the Côte d’Ivoire on cocoa farmers,

我们在科特迪瓦 与可可种植户的合作，

really it's providing financial incentives directly to the farmers

真的会直接给这些农民 带来经济上的激励，

to actually encourage these practices

鼓励这些措施的实行，

and at the same time encourage child education and agroforestry work.

同时促进了儿童教育和农林工作。

So that's just kind of how we think about how we prioritize across the list.

这就是我所认为的抓重点的方式。

LL: Now, I want to take you back to this term “regenerative farming,”

LL: 我想把话题拉回到 “再生农业”这个词，

because it seems to me this is one of these things

因为我认为这是一个

everybody's going to self-define and then we kind of dumb it down

理解因人而异的词语， 我们还默认大家都懂的，

and we don't really know what we're talking about.

但我们其实不太懂这是个什么。

What what do you mean by that?

你说到这一点的时候 指的是什么意思？

And how do you hold yourself to a standard?

你如何保证自己能达到某个标准呢？

SP: I'm sure there have been much better speakers

SP: 我相信这个环节中 肯定有更优秀的演讲者、

and much smarter people in the course of this session

更聪明的人，

that have actually defined it more eloquently than I have.

可以比我更通俗易懂地解释这个词。

But when I look at it, ultimately at the end of every crop cycle,

但当我看着这个词的时候， 尤其是每个作物生长周期的末尾，

have we improved the soil and the biodiversity

我们有没有改善 我们用于生产作物的

of the resources we use to produce those?

资源的土壤和生物多样性呢？

And if we have, then we're moving forward in regenerative farming.

如果我们做到了， 那我们就是在再生农业上进步。

And it's incredibly powerful.

这是很强大的。

And it sounds a bit academic or maybe a little far out there,

这听起来有点学术， 可能有点跑题了，

but really when you get down to it,

但如果你真的动手做了，

some of the practices are simple as crop rotation,

有些操作就像轮作、

live root farming, low-till, no-till.

活根种植、低耕、免耕 这么简单。

And those are relatively easy to implement.

这些都很比较容易实行的。

Still different and challenging for the farmers.

但对于农民来说 还是不适应、有难度的。

All the way to multimillion-dollar installations of manure systems

我们甚至还耗费上亿美元 安装了粪肥系统，

that actually can reduce greenhouse gases on dairy farms.

可以减少奶牛场的 温室气体排放。

And so the scale and complexity of the application of solutions

这些解决方案的实行 所涉及的规模和复杂程度

is very different as we work through that.

在我们执行的过程中 是非常不一样的。

LL: And what are you doing to actually advance those practices?

LL: 那你为了推行这些措施 做了一些什么呢？

SP: You know, when we think about it,

SP: 说到这点，

I think the best way to bring it to life is maybe focus it on a product.

我认为实现的最佳方式 也许是聚焦在一款产品上。

And we're in Detroit, which is a great pizza city.

我们在底特律， 底特律是个披萨之城。

And so let's talk about pizza.

那我们就来聊一聊披萨吧。

Every great pizza starts with a great crust

每一张好披萨始于一张好饼皮，

and the crust in DiGiorno, we're making an announcement today,

迪吉奥诺的饼皮， 我们今天就在此宣布，

where we're investing in over 100,000 acres

我们与合作伙伴共同投资了

of wheat farming in the US with our partners

美国超过十万英亩小麦田，

to be able to produce enough wheat

都能生产足够的小麦，

to double the production required for DiGiorno pizza.

让迪吉奥诺披萨所需的产量翻倍。

And so we'll have regenerative wheat through that.

我们借此生产出了再生小麦。

And then you move to the tomatoes.

来看番茄。

Today, it’s not about getting more farms to actually move to regenerative practice,

如今，我们关注的并不是 让更多的农场转而采用再生操作，

and tomatoes, the majority of our tomatoes are already regeneratively farmed.

而番茄，我们大多数的番茄 都已经是再生种植的了。

And so it's about external verification.

所以我们要做的是外部验证。

So we're working with an external firm called Leading Harvest

我们与一家外部企业 Leading Harvest 合作，

that's actually help us

让我们做到

not only just, one, we’ve already got the farmers doing it,

不仅仅是让农民执行，

but how do we verify it over time, how do we continue to do that?

还应该如何长时间地验证， 持续做下去呢？

So we work through the tomatoes

我们研究了番茄，

and I think really good progress in that space.

我认为番茄领域取得了不错的进展。

And then when you go to dairy,

说到奶制品，

dairy is one of the toughest ones and we're quite proud,

奶制品是最难的一个， 我们很自豪，

we were the first company to join the US Dairy Net Zero Initiative,

我们是第一个加入 美国乳品净零排放倡议的公司，

and we have live farms working in California today

我们现在在加州和全国各地 都有确确实实履行倡议的农场，

or around the country today

that are really focused on applying these practices

专注于执行这些操作，

that can get to net zero emission for a dairy farm

让奶牛场达到净零排放，

and at the same time, is it economically viable for the farmer?

同时让农民有钱赚。

And we're really proud of the progress we're making

我们很自豪与我们的 农业合作伙伴

with some of our farming partners out there.

所取得的进步。

And then the last one is meat,

最后一点是肉，

and we all love a good pepperoni or topping on the pizza.

我们都很喜欢披萨上的 美味意大利辣肉肠和配料。

And when you go to meat, we actually have the largest partnership,

说到肉类， 我们最大的合作，

it's early days, we're just moving ahead with it,

还在初期，但我们正在努力，

but the largest private partnership with Cargill

是与嘉吉公司、

and the National Wildlife and Fish Foundation

国家鱼类和野生动物基金会的 最大型的私人合作关系，

to actually have regenerative ranching practices in over 15 states.

在超过 15 个州普及再生畜牧业。

So as you kind of think through the pizza,

从上到下看看披萨，

you can see that it touches every single component,

你会发现它触及了每一个成分，

and every single one is a different application and solution.

每一个成分都需要 不同的操作方法和解决方案。

LL: So there's a lot and this is difficult.

LL: 这很了不起，也很难。

Where are you not moving fast enough yet?

有哪个方面是你们 没有太多进展的吗？

SP: Where are we not moving fast enough?

SP: 我们没有太多进展？

You know, for us, I think clearly,

对我们来说，我仔细想想，

when you go to try to drive this kind of scale,

如果你想推动这么大的规模，

it's not about one farm.

就不是一个农场的问题了。

It's about the farming ecosystem in total that has to change.

而是整个农业系统都得改变。

So we need to move at scale to be able to do this

我们得大刀阔斧才能做到

across not just our business,

超越我们自己公司的规模，

but if we're really going to move the needle,

我们真的得加把劲，

we have to do it at industry level.

在行业领域做成这件事。

And so I think just the pace of the change

所以我认为我们希望 改变的速度

where we'd love to see that move a little faster.

能更快一点。

I think secondly maybe is in packaging,

我想第二个也许是包装，

when I look at packaging and recyclability,

我在考虑包装和可回收性的时候，

we know the recycling infrastructure is woefully insufficient in the US.

我们知道美国的回收设施 是严重短缺的。

It's why we've leaned in pretty aggressively.

这就是为什么我们迈的步子很大。

We’ve invested with partners like Closed Loop to support infrastructure,

我们和合作伙伴，如 Closed Loop 合作支持基础设施，

and also we support kind of responsible extended producer responsibility

我们也支持将责任 落实到生产商身上，

to actually help build that

有助于达成目标，

because we know that we can't make all the recyclable products we want.

因为我们知道我们是做不出 我们想要的所有可回收商品的。

There is no infrastructure to do it.

没有基础设施来干这件事。

So at the end of the day, it doesn't get done.

搞到最后也做不出来。

And so I'd say that's an area where we're really focused.

我可以说这是 我们很关注的一个方面。

And just lastly, I think the tempo and urgency

最后，我认为整个行业的 节奏和紧迫程度

across the entire industry complex is one that we've got to pick up the pace.

让我们必须加快脚步。

We've got to move much, much faster, not just to achieve our goals,

我们得加快、再加快， 不仅仅是为了达成我们的目标，

but to make the kind of difference we want to make.

也是为了带来我们想要的影响。

LL: So just to close, Steve, what can and should we expect from you all?

LL: 作为结束，史蒂夫， 我可以、应该对你们有何期待呢？

SP: Look, I think you'll continue to see incredible commitment.

SP: 我认为你们会继续看到 我们的不懈努力。

By 2025, we will have invested 3.6 billion dollars in these practices

2050 年以前，我们会 为雀巢在全球的这些实践上

across the world for Nestlé.

投入 36 亿美元。

It's an incredible investment but we believe it's the right investment,

这是一笔不菲的投资， 但我们相信这就是正确的投资，

because ultimately, when you look at our business,

因为说到底，你看我们的业务，

we're a food and beverage business

我们是一家做食品和饮料的公司，

that we make products for you and your families and your pets

为了你、你的家人、你的宠物

to enjoy every single day.

享受每一天而打造产品。

And those start with great ingredients.

这些都由好食材开始。

And that investment for us is actually about a business decision

这笔投资于我们是一个商业决策，

that, we've been around for over 150 years,

我们已经成立了超过 150 年，

if we're going to be around for the next 150,

如果我们要活过接下去的 150 年，

we need to make sure we have great quality ingredients for that period.

我们必须保证在这段时间里 我们都有高质量的食材。

And so that investment actually helps us ensure that.

这笔投资能让我们为此提供保障。

So what you can count on

你可以相信

is we'll continue to drive that across all of our complexes.

我们会继续在各业务中 推行这一点。

But most importantly, what I'm proud of,

但最重要的一点， 也是我自豪的一点是

is you can count on the company and all the people that work in it.

你可以相信这家公司， 相信供职于此的所有人。

There's 30,000 in North America and there's almost 300,000 worldwide

北美有三万人， 全球有将近三十万人，

that are absolutely committed to making progress every single day

他们的每一天都在为这些承诺

against one of those commitments.

做出实实在在的努力。

SP: Steve, thank you very much for joining us.

SP: 史蒂夫，感谢你来到这里。

SP: Thanks for having me.

SP: 谢谢你的邀请。

(Applause)

（掌声）