Climate Action’s Hidden Opportunities for Women | Zineb Sqalli | TED

翻译人员: Fei Yu 校对人员: Xinyi Li

What if our efforts to build a better planet

如果我们为建设一个 更好的地球所做的努力

benefited half of this room more?

能让在座一半以上的人受益？

What if we reduced our emissions

倘若我们减少了排放，

but increased the gap between men and women?

却拉大了男女之间的差距？

What if by 2050 we reach net zero,

假设到了 2050 年， 我们达到了零排放，

but women had a lower chance than men to find a decent job?

但女性比男性更难获得 一份体面工作呢？

Disturbing, right?

这些话令人不安，对吧？

And yet, this is exactly what my colleagues and I found

但这就是我和我的同事

while studying the links between women and climate

在过去几年里研究 女性与气候的关联时

over the last years.

所发现的。

Our research has shown that climate action,

我们的研究表明 气候行动

as it is unfolding,

在展开的过程中

could set gender equality back by 15 years.

可能使性别平等倒退十五年。

I'm going to say that again.

这一点我要再说一遍。

So climate action, not climate change,

气候行动，不是气候变化，

climate action,

气候行动，

meaning all the efforts that are being made

意味着我们努力

to reduce our emissions,

降低排放，

to adapt our lives to a warmer planet,

让我们适应生活在 一个更加温暖的星球，

could actually set gender equality back by 15 years.

这种行动会使 性别平等倒退十五年。

I know what you must be thinking.

我知道你们肯定在想，

This is a total buzzkill.

这可真扫兴。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So the climate challenge is not big enough,

看来，气候的挑战还不够大。

you’re adding solving gender equality to the equation?

你还要把解决 性别不平等纳入其中？

I get the feeling.

我懂你的感受。

But the good news is, if we do it right,

但好消息是如果我们做得好，

we have a unique chance to advance both the climate agenda

就有一个独特的机会 来推进气候议程

and gender equality.

和性别平等。

How?

怎么推进？

By being intentional about it.

通过有意为之。

But first, let's go back to that 15-year setback risk I mentioned.

但首先，让我们回到我提到的 倒退十五年的风险上。

I give it to you, it's counterintuitive to say that climate action

为所有人建设未来气候行动

that aims at building a more viable future to all of us

其实会加剧性别不平等，

could actually have a negative impact on gender equality.

这种说法很反常。

So let me explain.

所以我来解释一下：

Obviously women, as well as men,

很明显，女性和男性一样，

women even more than men,

甚至比男性

will benefit from living in a more sustainable planet.

更能从生活在一个 更加可持续的地球受益。

Their health, their education, their livelihoods will improve.

她们的健康、教育、 生活水平将会提高。

But what I'm saying is that there is also a risk

但我要声明的是，

that women might miss out

女性可能会错过

on the green economy's massive investments

绿色经济的大规模投资，

and job opportunities.

还有就业机会，以上都存在风险。

And here are two examples of that.

这里有两个例子可以说明：

By 2030,

截止 2030 年，

65 million green jobs will be created.

将会产生 6500 万个绿色岗位。

The highest-paid, more stable ones will require what’s called STEM education:

高收入、更稳定的岗位要求 有STEM的教育背景——

science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

科学、技术、工程以及数学。

Today, women represent 35 percent of STEM students globally.

如今，全球有 35 %的 STEM学生是女性。

So they might be less qualified to access these green jobs.

所以她们更不容易 接触到绿色岗位。

Second example:

第二个例子：

by 2030, companies in highly emitting sectors --

截止 2030 年， 高排放产业的公司——

such as energy, building materials, industrial goods --

例如能源、建筑材料、工业产品——

will be spending as much as 500 billion dollars

将会花费 5000 亿美元

to train their employees in new green skills.

来培训员工在绿色 新产业方面的技能。

Now, these industries are historically male-dominated,

现在，这些产业历来由男性主导。

so mechanically, women are less likely to participate in these retrainings,

理论上，女性不太可能 参加这类培训，

widening the skill gap between men and women

导致男女的技能差距越来越大，

again in accessing the jobs of the future.

进而影响女性 未来获得工作的机会。

So, see, the risk is real.

你看，这个风险真的存在。

Women might miss out on these opportunities and investments,

女性可能会被排除在 这些机会和投资之外，

or at least miss out on part of them,

或者至少被排除在 一个项目之外，

even if this wasn't the initial intent.

即使这不是最初的意图。

So what is it that we need to do

那么我们的气候行动

to have a climate action

需要做些什么

that solves these two major challenges at the same time:

才能同时应对这两大挑战：

gender equality and sustainability?

性别平等和可持续？

Well, we need to do something that seems very simple,

我们需要做一些看起来十分简单，

yet very often overlooked.

但又经常被忽视的事。

When investing in green projects

在投资绿色项目，

and developing green products, crafting green legislations,

开发绿色产品 以及制定绿色法律时，

we need to make sure that women as well as men will equally benefit.

我们要确保女性和男性 平等地受益。

Not more, not less.

不多不少，

Just equally.

要追求平等。

Might seem obvious.

这么说似乎很容易理解。

You might even think, "Isn't that what we're already doing?"

你可能会想， “我们不是已经在做了吗？”

But history has showed us that time and time again,

但历史一次次地告诉我们，

even though this is what we think we're doing,

即使我们认为正在做这件事情，

this is not what is actually happening,

实际上并不是这样的，

at least not naturally, organically,

至少这件事不够自然， 没有章法，

not without an explicit intent.

缺乏明确意图。

So we need to take this intent into climate action.

因此，我们要将 这一意图付诸行动。

We need to naturally, systematically,

我们需要自然地，有组织地，

intentionally embed what you could call a gender lens

有意地将性别视角嵌入到

in all of the green economy’s investments, projects and legislations.

每个绿色经济的 投资项目和立法当中。

And I am not just talking about projects targeting women

我不止是谈论针对女性的项目，

or funds dedicated to women

专门用于女性的基金，

or a gender day in climate negotiations.

或者在气候谈判中设立性别日。

I am talking about gender as an intentional forethought

我所谈论的性别指的是仔细谋划

in every green project, every green investment,

每个绿色项目，每个绿色投资，

every green legislation.

每个绿色立法。

Let's take an example.

我们来举个例子：

Green cities.

绿色城市。

Green cities are a great illustration

绿色城市是一个很好的展现

of how we could integrate this gender lens

如何整合性别视角，

and have climate action boost gender equality

并采取气候行动促进性别平等，

instead of setting it back.

而不是阻碍平等的例子。

From Chicago to Shanghai,

从芝加哥到上海，

from Copenhagen to Rio,

从哥本哈根到里约，

most large cities have ambitious programs to become greener.

大多数大城市都有雄心壮志 变得更加环保。

Two trillion dollars will have to be spent every year

在接下来的 20 年里，

for the next 20 years

每年将不得不花费两万亿美元

to upgrade urban infrastructure

来升级城市的基础设施，

and make it more sustainable.

提高可持续性。

And this covers housing, energy

这些基础设施涵盖 房屋、能源安全、

safety, public transportation, green spaces, you name it.

公共交通和绿地，等等。

With the right approach,

只要用正确的方式，

these cities can become greener

这些城市会更加环保，

and more inclusive of women.

更加包容女性。

Now greener, they sort of know how to do that.

现在的环保人士， 他们多少知道了该怎么做。

They have already initiated multiple projects,

他们已经开展多个项目，

and there is already a lot of research in that field.

在这个领域也有许多研究。

But becoming more inclusive of women,

但更加包容女性的项目，

we hear less about that.

我们却很少得知。

This is less documented.

这种情况很少被记录下来，

And yet there is a great story that can serve as an inspiration.

不过，有个故事可以鼓舞人心。

This story takes place in the beautiful city of Vienna,

这个故事发生在美丽的维也纳，

in Austria.

在奥地利，

In the '90s,

当时是九十年代。

planning officials in Vienna realized

维也纳的规划官员意识到

that women were less satisfied with transportation systems

女性对于交通运输系统的不满意度

than men.

比男性要高。

Because these systems are designed for people going between home and work,

因为这些系统是为大多数时间 往返于家与办公场所，

between suburbs and city centers

穿梭于郊区与市中心的人设计的。

at mostly set times.

But women,

但是对于女性，

although they make up the majority of public transportation users,

尽管她们才是公共交通的 主要使用者，

women's trips are nothing like that.

但女性的运动轨迹并不是这样的。

They are much more fragmented, they are much shorter,

她们的轨迹更加分散， 路程短得多，

they require multiple transportation modes,

她们需要多种交通方式，

and they don't necessarily happen during rush hour.

但在高峰期， 这些情况不一定出现。

All of this because women combine their work trips

这是因为女性将她们的工作路程

with their domestic and caregiving responsibilities.

与家庭生活、照顾责任相结合。

And this, transportation, is a major factor when it comes to women’s labor

基于这点，交通 是影响女性的劳动、

and participation [in] the economy.

经济（活动）参与度的主要因素。

They also noticed something else.

他们还注意到其他情况。

Before the age of nine,

在九岁以前，

boys and girls would equally go to parks.

男孩和女孩都会去公园。

But when girls reach the age of nine, something strange happens.

可女孩到了九岁时， 奇怪的现象发生了。

They almost disappeared from public parks.

公园中再也没有她们的身影。

So they did some research and they confirmed that, no,

因此，人们通过研究确认，

it’s not that all of a sudden, when girls turn nine,

这些变化不是突然发生的， 等到女孩九岁了，

they no longer are interested in public parks.

她们不再对公园感兴趣。

It's again, because of the way these parks are designed

还是同样的原因，这些公园

with their single large open space and multiple football cages,

被设计成大片的开放空间 和多个足球场，

boys feel welcomed,

这样更受男孩们欢迎。

girls feel they need to compete for space.

女孩们觉得她们需要去争夺空间。

So they just stopped going there.

因此她们不想去了。

So bottom line, through these two examples and many more,

最后，从这两个 以及更多的例子来看，

they realized that the gender-neutral approach that the city had

他们意识到这个城市 使用的性别中立的方法，

and that most cities in the world have,

在世界上的大多数 城市中也同样使用，

this gender-neutral approach can actually be a women-blind one.

这种性别中立方法 实际上就是对女性的无视。

So they decided to intentionally design a gender-equal urban planning program.

因此他们决定构思一个 真正性别平等的城市规划项目。

So they surveyed men and women

于是，他们调查了男性和女性，

to better understand the way they live in the city.

更好地了解他们 在城市的生活方式。

They brought in female architects and urban planners

他们邀请了女性建筑师和规划师，

to participate alongside their male colleagues,

与她们的男性同事一起参与

to participate [in] the city’s redesign.

城市重新设计的项目。

They added gender assessment in social housing

他们在社会住房和基础设施合同中

and infrastructure contracts.

增加了性别评估。

So see, just like that, every step was made

所以来看看，就是这样， 每一步都是

with the intention, the explicit intention,

有意识地，有明确地目地，

to make sure that women will benefit as well as men.

确保女性可以像男性一样 从这个项目中受益。

Again, not more, not less, as well as men.

再次强调，没有谁比谁多， 而是和男性平等。

So in parks they have added foot paths to divide up space.

在公园中，他们加设了 步道来划分空间。

They have integrated a wider range of activities

他们还整合了更多种类的活动，

such as volleyball.

例如排球。

And just like that,

于是，

teenage girls came back to parks.

女孩子重新回到公园，

And this has benefited teenage girls, but not only them.

这让她们受益， 但受益者并不局限于她们。

Every year since 2009,

从 2009 年之后的每一年，

except for COVID years,

除去受新冠疫情影响的年份，

Vienna has been named the best city in the world to live in.

维也纳已经被提名为 “世界上最宜居的城市”。

Now, it's not just the gendered approach,

现在，这不仅是一种性别方法，

but it clearly contributed because for the first time,

显然它还做出了贡献， 因为这是第一次把

the specific needs of the other half of the population

另一半人口的具体需求

were taken into account.

考虑在内。

Now, what does Vienna's story tell us?

那么，维也纳的故事 给我们什么启示？

It tells us that if we want women to benefit from a green city project,

它告诉我们，要想让女性 从绿色城市的项目，

from an urbanism project, or from any project,

从城市化项目， 或其他任何项目中受益，

it needs intention.

都需要“有意为之”。

And intention means at least these three ingredients:

“有意为之”至少表示三个方面：

upfront and ascending women specific needs,

直面以及提升女性的具体需求，

even if the project is not specifically targeting women;

哪怕实施的项目 并不以女性为目标群体；

involving women in the design of the project;

让女性参与到该项目的设计过程；

and specifically measuring the impact of the project on women

并专门衡量项目对女性的影响，

to be able to adjust if necessary.

以在必要时进行调整。

So this way, with this approach,

因此，有了这种方式，

we could correct the biases

我们可以纠正存在于

that are behind the gender-neutral urban planning programs

性别中立城市建设项目中

that exist everywhere.

无处不在的偏见。

And we could duplicate Vienna’s intentional experience

我们也能在每一个绿色城市中

in every green city.

借鉴维也纳的意向体验。

And I left the best part for the end.

我把最好的部分留在最后。

When involved in urban planning,

参与城市规划时，

women proved to be active agents of sustainability.

女性也证明她们积极 推动了可持续发展。

Statistically, the most sustainable cities

据统计，最具可持续发展的城市

are also the ones with the highest representation of women

也是在政策制定以及领导地位中，

in policy making and leadership positions.

拥有最多女性代表的城市。

So this gendered approach will not only make green cities more inclusive of women,

所以这种性别方案 不仅让绿色城市更加包容女性，

it will also make them greener.

也让它们更加环保。

Treating women exactly like men,

像对待男性一样去对待女性，

as I have heard multiple times from policymakers and leaders,

就像我多次从政策制定者 和领导者那里听到的，

is not what will get us to gender equality

不会让我们实现性别平等，

because it turns a blind eye to the biases that we all have,

因为它对我们 所有的偏见视而不见，

and it tends to perpetuate pre-existing inequalities

会延续以前就存在的不平等，

and could even be widening them.

甚至加剧不平等。

Urbanism is just one example

城市化只是一个

of how the green economy will revolutionize the way we move,

绿色经济如何彻底改变我们生活、

work, eat.

工作、饮食的例子。

If we intentionally embed a gender lens in the way we will sustainably rebuild,

如果我们有意识地从性别视角 审视可持续重建，

rethink all of these aspects,

重新考虑方方面面，

we can advance gender equality at the same time,

我们就能同时推进性别平等，

and this will in turn have a positive impact on the planet.

反过来也会给我们的地球 带来积极影响。

See, we can save the world all at once, after all.

你瞧，我们终究会一起拯救世界。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）