Why Do You Love Your Favorite Songs? | Scarlet Keys | TED

翻译人员: Jinnie Sun 校对人员: Bruce Wang

Songs are the soundtrack of our lives.

歌曲是我们生活的原声带。

From birthday parties, lullabies,

从生日聚会、摇篮曲、

our first love, our first heartbreak,

我们的初恋、我们的第一次心碎、

our wedding song,

我们的婚礼歌曲、

our next wedding song,

我们的下一次婚礼歌曲，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And ultimately the song that’s played at our funeral.

最后是在我们的葬礼上播放的歌曲。

Songs enhance the moment or the season.

歌曲使特定时刻或季节更加美好。

They help us dance.

它们帮助我们跳舞。

They make us cry.

它们让我们哭泣。

They make us run the extra mile.

它们让我们跑步时能坚持更久。

And they can even make us hate sitting in traffic just a little bit less.

它们甚至能让我们不那么讨厌堵车。

Songs help us remember our lives.

歌曲可以帮助我们记住我们的生活。

They are a time capsule and a time machine.

它们是时间胶囊，也是时间机器。

Imagine you're riding in your car next to your partner

想象一下，你正坐在你的车里， 伴侣就在身旁，

in your perfectly happy marriage,

你们的婚姻非常幸福。

when all of a sudden that song comes on.

就在此刻那首歌突然响起。

That song, you know,

那首歌，你知道，

that song from that one summer love.

那首来自那个夏日之恋的歌。

And as your partner is sweetly giving you a traffic update,

当你的伴侣甜蜜地 告诉你最新的路况时，

you are gone, evaporated --

你已经离开了，蒸发了——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

evaporated from your heated seat back to that Greek island.

从你的加热座椅上蒸发 回到了那个希腊岛屿。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

With the sunset lips of Pericles Constantine Dinos --

那里有伯里克利·康斯坦丁·迪诺斯 日落般的嘴唇——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

coming in for a kiss.

凑上来亲吻。

You have been transported by a song

你被一首在那个夏天编码于 你大脑中的歌曲强烈吸引。

that was encoded in your brain that summer.

It's not your fault.

这不是你的错。

Songs are powerful.

歌曲很强大。

Have you ever thought about what's in a song?

你有没有想过一首歌里有什么？

What's in those 3.5 minutes of arranged sound that have such impact?

那些三分半的编排过的声音中 有什么东西影响如此之大？

We all listen to and turn to songs.

我们都听歌、投入于歌曲。

I've had the privilege of being someone who writes songs,

我有幸成为一个写歌的人。

and as a professor at the Berklee College of Music,

作为伯克利音乐学院的教授，

I help other artists write theirs.

我帮助其他艺术家创作他们的歌曲。

And there's tools we use as songwriters that affect emotion.

作为词曲作者， 我们有可以影响情感的工具。

One of the tools we use is tone.

我们使用的工具之一是语调。

That's something we all understand, tone.

语调，这是我们都明白的。

Imagine you're sitting in a cold hospital room

想象一下，你正坐在一个寒冷的病房里

waiting to meet your doctor,

等着见医生，

wearing nothing but your underwear beneath your "dignity gown."

在你的“尊严长袍”下只穿着内衣。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And your doctor comes in.

然后你的医生进来了。

Nobody wants to hear,

没有人想听到：

“Hello, my name is Dr. Watson, and I’m your brain surgeon.”

“你好，我叫沃森博士， 我是你的脑外科医生。”

We want to hear,

我们想听到：

“Hello, My name is Dr. Watson, and I am your brain surgeon.”

“你好，我叫沃森博士， 我是你的脑外科医生。”

Because when his tone of voice goes up, so does your heart rate.

因为当他的语调上升时， 你的心率也会升高。

And when his tone of voice goes down, you feel calm and like,

当他的语调下降时， 你会感到平静

"I'm in good hands."

并相信他是靠谱的。

So tone of voice matters.

因此，声音的语调很重要。

The next time you go on a first date,

之后你在第一次约会时，

you can either say,

可以选择说：

"I haven't been on a date in a while."

“我已经有一段时间没约会了。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Or you can say,

或者你可以说：

"I haven't been on a date in a while."

“我已经有一段时间没约会了。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It matters, it matters.

这很重要，很重要。

So think of melody as the song's tone of voice.

让我们把旋律视为歌曲的语调。

How we say what we say is oftentimes more important

我们的说话方式往往 比我们说的内容更重要。

then what we say.

As Western listeners,

作为西方听众，

we have a relationship to melody,

我们与旋律有一种关系，

and we have an expectation to that relationship.

并且我们对这种关系有着期望。

So I’m going to play something.

所以我将要弹奏一段。

And when I stop playing,

当我停止弹奏时，

I want you to tell me what you expect me to play next.

我想让你告诉我 你希望我接下来弹什么。

(Playing the scale on piano)

（钢琴上弹奏音阶）

Audience: Do.

观众：Do。

There it is, exactly.

就是这样。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So some notes feel stable and some notes feel more unstable,

所以有些音感觉稳定， 有些音感觉更不稳定，

begging for resolution.

乞求解决方案。

And that's very powerful information for a songwriter to know.

对于作曲家来说， 这是非常有力的信息。

The words we place on those notes

我们在这些音上放置的词语

make the listener feel certain things.

会让听众感受到某些东西。

I'd like to take a moment to ruin an Adele song.

我想花点时间毁掉一首阿黛尔的歌。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I'm sure you've all heard her song "Someone Like You."

我敢肯定你们都听过 她的歌《Someone Like You》。

In the verse and in the pre-chorus she runs into her ex unexpectedly,

在主歌和前副歌中， 她意外地遇到了前任，

and she's clearly still in love.

而且她显然还爱着前任。

And in the chorus she says,

然后她在副歌里说：

“Nevermind, I’ll find someone like you.”

“没关系，我会找到像你这样的人。”

OK, you know the song.

好的，你们知道这首歌。

What if she had sung it like this?

如果她这样唱怎么办？

(Singing) Nevermind, I’ll find someone like you.

（唱）“没关系， 我会找到像你这样的人。”

What happened?

发生了什么？

I apologize, by the way.

顺便说一下，我很抱歉。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In my version, we believe her.

在我的版本中，我们相信她。

We believe she will find someone like you.

我们相信她会找到像你这样的人。

No problem, there's plenty of you out there.

没有关系，外面有很多你这样的人。

Because I have paired stable notes in the key and stable chords,

因为我已经将调中稳定的音 和稳定的和弦配对了，

bringing a feeling of stability.

这带来了稳定的感觉。

But that's not the melody she sang.

但那不是她唱的旋律。

Those weren't the tones that she sang.

那些不是她唱的音调。

This is her version.

这是她的版本。

(Singing) “Nevermind, I’ll find someone like you.”

（唱）“没关系， 我会找到像你这样的人。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Do you feel the difference?

你感觉到区别了吗？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So when she sang “Nevermind,”

当她唱“Nevermind”时，

she sang it on the most stable note in the major key.

她用大调中最稳定的音唱了这首歌。

When she sang “find someone,”

当她唱“find someone”时，

she sang it on that note that you all wanted me to resolve

她唱的音是你们都想让我

back to the home note.

能回到主音的音上。

(Singing) "Find someone."

（唱）“Find someone”

And then she sings “you” on the bittersweet sixth degree

然后她唱“you”，用的是 苦乐参半的大调音阶第六音，

of the major scale, breaking your heart.

让你们心碎。

(Singing) "You."

（唱）“You”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In her version,

在她的版本中，

we know she will never find

我们知道她永远找不到

(Crying voice) anyone like you.

（哭腔）像你这样的人。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We know that because she has paired unstable pitches

我们之所以这么觉得， 是因为她将不稳定的音调

to match the way she's feeling,

与自己的感受相匹配，

building empathy with the audience.

从而建立了与观众的同理心。

Go, Adele.

加油，阿黛尔。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Another way that songwriters emotionalize our lyrics

词曲作者对我们的歌词进行 情感化的另一种方式

is the use of chords.

是使用和弦。

Chords are just three to four notes

和弦只是同时演奏的三到四个音。

played at the same time.

(Plays piano) Three, four.

（弹奏钢琴）三个，四个。

And chords have a lot to say about how our lyrics feel.

和弦在很大程度上 影响着歌词的情感表达。

So let's say I want to write a song about eating a Snickers bar.

假设我想写一首 关于吃士力架的歌。

And let's say that I feel amazing about eating that Snickers bar,

假设我吃那个士力架棒 感觉棒极了，

because they just came out with a fat-free vegan version.

因为他们刚刚推出了 不含脂肪的素食版本。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I would want to make sure that I picked chords

我会确保我选的和弦

that felt as happy about this news as I do.

能和这个消息一样让我感到高兴。

(Singing) Today I ate a Snickers bar.

（唱）今天我吃了一个士力架。

But what if ...

但是如果······

What if that wasn't the case?

如果不是这样怎么办？

What if I was despondent or very upset

如果我感到失望或非常沮丧，

about the fact that I'm eating the Snickers bar

因为我正在吃的士力架

because it was my ex's favorite Snickers bar?

是我前任最喜欢的士力架， 这样该怎么办？

It was his favorite candy bar,

这是他最喜欢的糖果棒，

and it was the last thing we ate together.

也是我们一起吃的最后一个东西。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Singing) Today I ate a Snickers bar.

（唱）今天我吃了一个士力架。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So chords.

所以和弦，

Chords help us define the mood of the song.

和弦帮助我们定义歌曲的情绪。

Another tool that we use is repetition.

我们使用的另一个工具是重复。

Because repetition helps our listener remember our song and sing with us.

因为重复可以帮助我们的听众 记住我们的歌并与我们一起唱。

So again, I'm going to play something and I want you to be honest.

再来一遍，我要弹奏一小段， 我想让你们说实话。

I want you to raise your hand when you start to get bored.

当你开始感到无聊时， 我希望你举手。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Singing) You are the world's greatest audience.

（唱）你们是世界上最伟大的观众。

You are the world's greatest audience.

你们是世界上最伟大的观众。

You are the world's greatest audience.

你们是世界上最伟大的观众。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I'm hurt.

我伤心了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Exactly how did we all know that, right?

我们是怎么都知道这个现象的？

Because in songwriting, there's the rule of three.

因为在歌曲创作中，有三次原则。

You can't repeat the same melody exactly the same way three times in a row.

你不能以完全相同的方式 连续三次重复相同的旋律。

Something's got to change that third time.

第三次一定要有一些变化。

Maybe I could have changed a chord.

也许我本可以换个和弦。

(Singing) You are the world's greatest audience.

（唱）你们是世界上最伟大的观众。

Or maybe the melody.

或者可能是旋律。

(Singing) You are the world's greatest audience.

（唱）你们是世界上最伟大的观众。

So our brains love patterns,

我们的大脑喜欢模式，

but our brains also love surprise.

但我们的大脑也喜欢惊喜。

So I set up a pattern,

所以我设立起一个模式，

and then I surprised you and you were reengaged.

然后我再让你们惊讶， 你们就又重新参与其中了。

But too much repetition causes the brain to habituate

但是过多的重复会导致大脑习惯

and zone out.

并开始走神。

Too much repetition is a sonic cliche, and our listener stops listening.

过多的重复是声音上的陈词滥调， 我们的听众会停止倾听。

How many times have you said to your partner,

你有多少次对你的伴侣说，

in the same melodic stratosphere,

且声音在同一个旋律层级：

"Honey, pick up your towels!"

“亲爱的，把毛巾拿起来！”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

"Honey, pick up your towels!"

“亲爱的，把毛巾拿起来！”

Like, after thousands of repetitions,

经过数千次的重复，

their brain has habituated to your wife-voice --

他们的大脑已经习惯了 你在妻子状态的声音——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

and they don't hear you.

于是他们听不到你。

They really don't.

他们真的听不到。

They really don't.

他们真的听不到。

So try changing your melody in some way.

所以，尝试以某种方式改变旋律。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Next time, go,

下次，这样说：

"Honey, pick up your towels."

“亲爱的，把毛巾拿起来。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Songs help us process emotion

歌曲帮助我们处理情绪，

and understand how we feel.

理解我们的感受。

When we listen to songs we love,

当我们听自己喜欢的歌曲时，

our brain releases the feel-good hormone, dopamine.

我们的大脑会释放出 让人感觉良好的荷尔蒙，多巴胺。

When we listen to songs we don't like or hate or bad hold music,

当我们听自己不喜欢 或讨厌的歌曲或糟糕的音乐时，

our body releases the stress hormone, cortisol.

我们的身体会释放 压力荷尔蒙，皮质醇。

So try a little bit of this brain science for yourself at home.

因此，在家里自己 尝试一下这种脑科学。

Pick a song in the morning to start your day with.

早上挑一首歌开始新的一天。

Instead of the usual negative-thought train that blazes through your brain,

与其让装着负面想法的列车 在你脑内呼啸、

taking you with it,

掌控着你，

put on a song you love that has uplifting lyrics

不如放一首你喜欢的歌， 歌词是令人振奋的，

that primes your nervous system for a great day.

能让你的神经系统 为美好的一天做好准备。

Or the next time you have questionable in-laws coming over --

或者下次有别有用心的公婆过来时——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

instead of awkward silences and small talk,

与其尴尬地沉默或闲聊，

put on a song you know they love, and let the dopamine flow.

不如放一首你知道他们喜欢的歌， 让多巴胺流动。

I like to start a song with a great title

我喜欢以一个好标题

or a concept or a clear emotion.

或一个概念，或一个清晰的情感 开始创作一首歌。

And then to use the language

然后使用语言，

that's a mixture of concrete language, metaphor and emotion.

一种具体语言、隐喻和情感的混合物。

And then I use all of the musical elements in support of that idea.

然后我用所有的音乐元素 来支撑那个想法。

As music helps us process negative emotions,

由于音乐可以帮助我们 处理负面情绪，

as I've gotten older,

随着年龄的增长，

I've had to adopt new nouns to my vocabulary.

我不得不在我的词汇库中 加入新的名词，

Words I never thought would belong to me,

一些我从未想过会属于我的词语。

like jowls.

比如下巴。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And turkey neck.

还有火鸡脖子。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And most horrifyingly, crepe skin.

最可怕的是，绉绸般的皮肤。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So in order to process my rage,

所以为了处理我的愤怒，

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I wrote a song about it.

我写了一首关于它的歌。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

Alright, so here's a little bit.

好的，接下来我会演奏一部分。

(Singing) Crepe skin

（唱）绉绸皮肤

oh, I’ve got crepe skin

哦，我有绉绸皮肤。

I’m just getting started haven’t figured out the journey yet

我才刚刚开始， 还没弄清楚这个旅程。

Better than I've ever been

我现在比以往任何时候都好，

but now I’ve got a turkey neck

但是现在我有了一个火鸡脖子。

I’m wearing scarves like Diane Keaton

我像黛安·基顿一样戴着围巾，

Turtleneck sweaters in the summer when it’s heating

在夏天穿高领毛衣。

Crepe skin

绉绸皮肤。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

I know you don't relate, but --

我知道你不能感同身受，但是——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Yes, I was able to laugh at --

是的，我能够笑一笑——

I was able to laugh at the aging process

我能够嘲笑衰老过程，

and better accept it.

并更好地接受它,

And the delivery of my first AARP magazine.

还有我的第一本AARP杂志的送达。 （美国一本关于健康与衰老的杂志）

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Over a year ago --

一年多以前——

many of you might know this --

你们中的许多人可能都知道这一点——

over a year ago, I was diagnosed with breast cancer.

一年多以前，我被诊断出乳腺癌。

And I turned to music for my therapy.

然后我转向音乐进行治疗。

In fact, my song was Lizzo's "About Damn Time."

事实上，当时我听的歌是 Lizzo的“About Damn Time”。

(Cheers)

（喝彩声）

Yes.

没错。

(Applause)

（掌声）

After a double mastectomy, chemotherapy and going bald,

在经历了两次乳房切除术、 化疗和秃顶之后，

Lizzo’s lyrics, “I’ve been so down and under pressure,

听Lizzo的歌词： “我最近情绪低落，承受着压力，

I may not be the girl I was or used to be,

我可能不再是以前那个女孩，

bitch I might be better."

但我可能更好了。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）

And the chorus lyric,

以及副歌的歌词

"I've got a feeling I'm going to be alright,

“我感觉我会没事的，

OK, it’s about damn time,”

好吧，时辰将至了”，

became my fight song of optimism

这成了我乐观的战斗歌曲

and a shot of dopamine.

和多巴胺来源。

As there were days that I couldn’t face the next round of chemo,

因为有时候我无法面对下一轮的化疗，

and I would get a text message from an old friend

我会收到一位老朋友的讯息，

or a card in the mail

或者一张邮件中的卡片，

or a knock on the door with a huge bouquet of flowers.

或者敲门声后的一大束鲜花。

And I was filled with love from those simple kindnesses.

那些简单的善意让我充满了爱。

And that support and that love made me face the next treatment.

那种支持和那种爱 让我得以面对下一次治疗。

It really made me start to understand why I loved that old song,

这真的让我开始明白 为什么我喜欢那首老歌：

"You Are the Wind Beneath My Wings,"

“你是我羽翼下的风”。

because I literally felt lifted by the love

因为我实实在在地感觉到被鼓舞，

and the friendship that was surrounding me.

由我周围的爱和友谊。

Because I shared what I was going through,

因为我分享了我正在经历的事情，

which I felt was really important to do.

我认为这种分享真的很重要。

And their love held me when I couldn't hold myself.

当我无法支撑自己的时候， 他们的爱支撑住了我。

One day, one of my favorite songwriters texted me, and he said, “How are you?”

有一天，我最喜欢的词曲作者之一 给我发了短信，他说：“你好吗？”

And I said,

然后我说：

"It's going to take everything I've got to get through this."

“我需要用尽我拥有的一切 才能度过这次难关。”

And he texted back,

然后他回复：

"Well, it's a good thing you've got everything."

“唔，你拥有一切真是件好事。”

But I'm a songwriter.

但我是一名词曲作者。

So that idea --

所以这个想法——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

which he will get no credit for --

他不会因此获得任何赞誉——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I held on to that idea

我保留着这个想法，

because I thought that’s where ideas come to --

因为我认为那是我的想法的来源。

[that’s] where ideas come to me from.

And one day my dear friend and artist Susan Cattaneo came to visit and I said,

有一天，我亲爱的朋友兼艺术家 苏珊·卡塔尼奥来拜访我，我说：

"I'm ready to start processing some of this.

“我已经准备好开始 处理其中的一些了。

I'd like to write a song."

我想写一首歌。”

And I told her about that idea, and we sat down.

我把这个想法告诉了她， 然后我们坐了下来。

And of course, the first instinct could have been the minor key,

当然，第一本能可能是小调，

because --

因为——

(Playing piano)

（弹奏钢琴）

That's where we sort of feel that sadness or darkness belongs.

那使我们感受到悲伤或黑暗。

But I was feeling a lot more complicated and complex than that.

但我感觉到的比这复杂得多。

I was feeling sadness, but I was feeling fear,

我当时感到悲伤，但我也感到恐惧，

but it was all lined with sunlight and hope

但这一切又都伴随着阳光和希望，

because of all my amazing friends and the community around me.

归功于我所有的好朋友 和我周围的社区。

And so we decided to write it in a major key

因此，我们决定用一个 改了一个音的大调来写这首歌。

altering one note.

So it was a blend of darkness and light.

因此，它是黑暗与光明的融合。

From the major key, we got the major.

从大调中，我们得到了大体的感觉。

And then altering one note,

然后修改一个音，

we sort of got a little bit of the darkness.

我们就有了点黑暗的感觉了。

In psychology, there’s a term: “name it to tame it.”

在心理学中，有一个术语： “给它起名字来驯服它。”

And when we listen to songs that give name to how we feel

当我们听那些用名字 说明我们感受的歌曲时，

or we write them,

或者我们写这些歌曲时，

we can transmute and metabolize difficult emotions.

我们可以转化并代谢掉困难的情绪。

And I felt better on the other side of this song.

我在完成这首歌后感觉好多了。

And I'd like to dedicate it to anyone here that's facing the hardest thing.

我想把它献给在座所有 正面临最艰难的境遇的人。

(Playing piano)

（弹奏钢琴）

(Singing) The room went out of focus

（唱）房间失焦了，

When I heard that diagnosis

当我听到那个诊断的时候。

Words I never thought I'd hear

我把从没想过会听见的话

I told my family then my friends

告诉了我的家人和朋友。

As we all tried to pretend

我们都想假装

That nothing bad ever happens here

这从来没有发生过任何不好的事情，

But then there were cards and calls and flowers at my door

但是后来我的门口 有卡片、电话和鲜花，

I don't feel so alone anymore

我不再感受到孤独。

It's gonna take everything I've got

它要耗尽我所拥有的一切。

It's gonna take everything I've got

它要耗尽我所拥有的一切。

Everything to get me through

耗尽一切，我才能渡过难关。

It's gonna take everything I've got

它要耗尽我所拥有的一切。

Everything I've got

我所拥有的一切。

Everything to see me through

耗尽一切，我才能渡过难关。

So it's a good thing

所以这是件好事——

That I've got everything

我拥有一切。

My head was spinning with a thousand split decisions

上千个分歧的决定 让我的头脑不得安宁。

With my fragile faith and a rose quartz in my hand

我只有着脆弱的信心 和手里的一块玫瑰石英。

But then family, friends and neighbors

但是后来有家人、朋友和邻居，

The kindness of strangers

以及陌生人的善意。

When I think that I can't do this

当我觉得我做不到的时候，

They make me think I can

他们让我相信自己能做到。

And it's gonna take everything I've got

它要耗尽我所拥有的一切。

Everything I've got

我所拥有的一切。

Everything to get me through

耗尽一切，我才能渡过难关。

It's gonna take everything I've got

它要耗尽我所拥有的一切。

Everything I've got

我所拥有的一切。

Everything to see me through

耗尽一切，我才能渡过难关。

So it's a good thing

所以这是件好事——

That I've got everything

我拥有一切。

'Cause love

因为爱，

Love is a real thing

爱是真实的东西。

And love

爱，

Love is a real thing

爱是真实的东西。

And it's the only thing

它是唯一的东西。

And it's everything we've got

它是我们拥有的一切。

It's everything we've got

它是我们拥有的一切。

Everything to get us through

使我们渡过难关的一切。

It's gonna take everything we've got

耗尽一切，我们才能渡过难关。

Everything we've got

我们拥有的一切。

Everything to get us through

耗尽一切，我们才能渡过难关。

So it's a good thing

所以这是件好事——

That we've got everything

我们拥有一切。

(Music stops)

（音乐停止）

(Applause)

（掌声）