How to Make Your Cat Happier — in 3 Minutes | Nicky Trevorrow | TED

翻译人员: Boyang H 校对人员: Ruan Xiu Ze 阮修泽

When I was asked to do this TED Talk,

当我被邀请做这个TED演讲时，

I sat down with my cat, as you do,

我和你一样跟我的猫坐在一起，

and I thought,

然后我在思考

what's going to make the biggest difference

怎么做可以给尽可能多的猫们

to as many cats as possible?

带来最大的影响？

What could it be?

可能是什么事情？

And I looked at my cat for inspiration and thought,

然后我看着我的猫思考试图寻求灵感

“Yes, that’s it, yes, Kato,” --

“是的，就是这样，是的，加藤，”，

that’s his name --

这是我的猫的名字，

"Let's tell everybody about the power of play."

“让我们告诉所有人玩游戏的力量。”

If some people seem to be the cat people like me, hands up.

如果有些人像我一样是爱猫人士，举一下手。

Yes, welcome.

好的，欢迎你。

Other people seem to be dog people, hands up.

其他人可能是爱狗人士，举一下手。

You're also welcome.

也欢迎你。

It doesn't matter if you're not really a cat person.

如果你不是一个真正的爱猫人也没关系。

If cats aren't really your thing, that's fine.

如果猫不是你真正喜欢的，那也还好。

Just take the word cat in this talk

只要把这个演讲中的

and replace it with dog --

猫这个词改成狗——

or horse, goat, child,

或者马、山羊、孩子，

whatever your species of choice is.

不管你喜欢什么种类。

And that's because play is so fundamental to happiness

这就是为什么玩耍对幸福感如此重要，

that it affects so many different types of animals.

因为它会影响许多不同类型的动物。

In fact, there's research to show that even fish like to play.

实际上，有研究表明，即使是鱼也喜欢玩游戏。

They actually jump into streams of bubbles and ride them to the top

他们实际上会跳进泡泡的水流中， 并骑着它们上到顶部，

and jump out and do it again.

然后跳出来再做一次。

In case you were wondering.

如果你在思考的话，

Now when I tell people that I’m a cat behaviorist,

现在当我告诉人们我是猫咪行为学家时，

other than the confused looks I get,

你可以想象我得到的

which you can imagine,

除了困惑表情之外

and people saying, "A cat, a cat what?"

还有他们说：“猫，猫什么？”

Then -- they really are quite confused by it.

然后 ——他们真的对此感到非常困惑。

Then if they don't have a cat themselves,

接着，如果他们自己没有猫，

then they'll soon tell me that,

他们很快就会告诉我，

"Oh, yes, my mother's neighbor's friend's sister has a cat,"

“哦，是的，我母亲的邻居 朋友的姐姐有一只猫。”

and they'll often ask me questions about that cat's behavior.

他们经常会问我关于猫的行为的问题。

It's a bit like those of you that are nurses

这有点像你们当中的护士

and you get everybody's medical questions.

会问所有人关于医药的问题。

Now invariably,

现在我一如既往地

I'm often recommending interactive play

经常推荐互动式游戏

and feeding enrichment.

和丰容喂养。

And that's because it has such a positive difference,

那是因为这对他们的幸福感

such a big impact on their happiness.

有着非常积极的改变和巨大的影响。

As you can see here from my cat Kato, play is not only fun,

正如你从我的猫加藤身上看到的那样， 玩游戏不仅有趣，

it gets the gray matter working.

还可以激活大脑灰质。

It's great way to connect with your cat.

这是与你的猫交流的好方法。

And it has lots of physical benefits as well,

而且它还有很多身体上的好处，

because all that extra exercise is an excellent tool

因为所有这些额外的锻炼

for helping overweight cats shed those extra pounds.

都是帮助超重的猫减掉多余体重的绝佳工具。

This is the very gorgeous Moodles,

这是非常漂亮的Moodles（图里猫咪的名字），

and she came into Cats Protection's care weighing 6.7 kilograms.

她被猫咪保护局照顾，当时的体重6.7 千克。

Now her very fantastic owner not only continued the diet

现在，她那个非常棒的主人不仅延续执行

that was already in place,

已经制定的饮食习惯，

but she also implemented a program of interactive play

而且还实施了互动式游戏

and feeding enrichment.

和丰容喂养的计划，

It's certainly made dieting a lot more fun.

这无疑使它的节食变得更加有趣。

And this is Moodles today at her target weight of four kilograms,

这就是今天的Moodles， 她现在维持在的她理想体重四千克，

and she's a much happier and healthier cat for it.

对她来说，她变成了更快乐、更健康的一只猫。

Play is important for every cat,

玩游戏对每只猫都很重要，

young or old, all around the world.

无论年龄大小，无论在世界各地。

Now I know what you might be thinking.

现在我知道你可能在想什么了，

"I know how to play with my cat."

“我知道怎么和我的猫一起玩。”

That's fine.

没关系。

But if your cat were to give you a review,

但是，如果你的猫要给你点评，

what's it going to say?

它会说什么？

Now, it might not say

现在，它可能不会说

"Could try harder."

“可以更努力”。

But it might say: “Could try smarter.”

但它可能会说：“可以更聪明地尝试。”

So let's have a look at how to play the cat way.

那么，让我们来看看如何与猫一起玩耍。

I often act as a bit of a translator between cats and their caregivers.

我经常充当猫和它们的看护者之间的翻译。

This cat, for example, is saying,

例如，这只猫在说：

"What is this?

“这是什么？

This mouse is dead.

这只老鼠死了，

Bring it to me alive."

我要一只活的。”

And that's where the interactive play comes.

这就是互动式游戏的用武之地。

Because if you just put it there in front of the cat,

因为如果你把它直接放在猫面前，

it's not interesting.

那就没有乐趣了。

You need to make it move,

你需要让它移动，

you need to bring it to life.

你需要赋予它生命。

And so you bring the mouse to the cat, and the cat goes,

于是你把老鼠带到猫身边，

"No, no, no, no, not like that.

猫说：“不，不，不，不，不是这样。

Make it run away from me."

你要让它从我的身边跑开。”

Because let's face it, not many --

因为在现实生活中，

You know, no self-respecting mouse would ever go up to a cat and go,

你知道没有很多有自尊的老鼠会 试图走到猫身边说

"Hiya! Here I am!"

：“你好！我在这里！”

So we need to be thinking about how prey species actually move.

因此，我们需要考虑猎物种的实际移动方式。

And then we need to be thinking about the fact

然后我们需要考虑这样一个事实，

that cats have got different play styles.

猫有不同的游戏类型

Some cats prefer a game of rabbit,

有些猫喜欢玩兔子游戏，

a bit like this cat.

有点像这只猫。

And that's where they grab the toy with their front claws

这就是他们用前爪抓住玩具

and they bunny kick with the back legs.

然后用后腿做兔子踢。

Other cats prefer a game where you move the toy across the floor,

其他猫更喜欢你在地板上移动玩具，

and maybe it makes like a little,

可能要让玩具一点、一点的颤抖，

a little quiver over here and a mad dash across the floor,

然后疯狂地冲过地板，

just like a mouse might.

就像老鼠一样。

And then others prefer the toy to be moved up in the air, like this.

然后其他猫更喜欢玩具在空中向上移动，像这样，

So this is a game like an erratic moth.

所以这是一款像不稳定的飞蛾一样的游戏。

Now cats haven’t evolved to show an awful lot in their faces.

现在猫还没有进化到脸上表现出太多情绪，

If you find them hard to read, that's OK,

如果你觉得很难读懂猫咪，那没关系，

they've evolved that way.

它们就是这样演变的。

But if you look at this cat, you can see that the claws are out,

但是，如果你看看这只猫， 你会发现它爪子已经伸出来，

the whiskers have come forwards and the mouth's open,

胡须向前伸出，嘴巴张开，

and they're so engaged and focused on that toy.

它们非常投入专注于那个玩具。

This is a cat showing the face of joy.

这就是猫正在表达喜悦的情绪。

You can also make it a lot more fun

你也可以通过让它消失在视线之外，

like this by just having it disappear out of sight,

比如在这样的报纸或杂志下消失，

like under a newspaper or magazine like this.

让游戏更多乐趣。

And that makes it much more interesting.

这使它变得更加感兴趣，

It's really important that the cat is actually allowed

能让猫咪抓住并杀死玩具，

to catch and kill the toy.

这一步非常重要。

It makes the cat feel good.

它能让猫感觉良好，

It's those happy hormones.

它是猫咪快乐的荷尔蒙。

So very, very important, catch and kill the toy.

所以这一点非常、非常重要， 让猫咪抓住并杀死这个玩具。

And that's where, spoiler alert,

这里有个剧透的点，

the laser pens can be a bit of a problem,

用激光笔（跟猫玩耍）可能有点小问题，

because it can cause frustration

因为如果猫永远无法抓住红点，

where the cat can't ever catch the red dot.

它可能会感到沮丧。

So if you do have a laser toy at home, fear not.

因此，如果您家里确实有激光玩具， 请不要害怕。

You just need to end the game always on a physical toy like this

你只需要始终使用这样的实体玩具来结束玩耍，

so they can actually catch and and kill the toy.

这样他们就可以真正抓住并杀死玩具。

You may be concerned, perhaps that, you know,

你可能会存在这种担心，

maybe all of this play is just training our cats

也许所有这些游戏只是

to become more proficient hunters.

在训练我们的猫成为更熟练的猎人。

But you'll be very pleased and relieved to hear

但这有一个能让你愉悦和松口气的消息，

that the latest research shows

最新的研究表明，

that if you just play with your cat for a few minutes, several times a day,

如果你每天和猫一起玩几分钟，玩多几次，

it actually reduces hunting behavior.

实际上会减少狩猎行为。

OK, now some people might think,

好吧，现在有些人可能会想，

"It's all very well and good,

“一切都很好，

but my cat doesn't really like to play.

但是我的猫真的不喜欢玩。

They're too old.

他们太老了。

They're too lazy.

他们太懒了。

That won't work for my cat."

这对我的猫不起作用。”

And some people really think that their cat doesn't play at all.

而且有些人真的认为他们的猫根本不会玩耍。

I had one client who said, "No, my cat doesn't play."

我有一位客户说：“不，我的猫不会玩耍。”

And yet, during the conversation, I found out that her cat does play,

但是，在谈话中，我发现她的猫确实在玩，

but only for five minutes.

但只玩了五分钟，

This is play.

这也是在玩游戏。

It's just that the owner expected her cat to play for half an hour or more.

只是主人希望她的猫能玩半小时或更长时间，

Much like a dog would.

就像小狗会做的，

But cats are not small dogs.

但是猫咪不是小狗。

Now as children, we were taught not to play with our food.

我们从小被教导不要玩弄食物，

And I’m here to ask all of you to not only play with your cat’s food

但是我在这里请大家不仅要玩猫咪的食物

but, more importantly,

但更重要的是，

get your cat to play with their food.

要让猫咪玩它们的食物。

Feeding cats in a way that's more interesting

尝试用更有趣的方式喂猫

gets their minds working.

可以让它们大脑运转，

It's mentally stimulating.

这给予它们精神层面的刺激。

In short, for very little effort,

简而言之，只要付出很少的努力，

you can actually change your cat's happiness

你就能真正改变猫咪的幸福感，

and you can change their life in just three minutes,

而且你可以在短短三分钟内改变它们的生活。

because that's how long it takes to show a cat feeding enrichment,

因为这是进行一次猫咪的丰容喂食

also known as puzzle feeders.

（也称为拼图喂食器）所需要的时间。

And it simply just means feeding a cat in a way

而这只是意味着用一种

that's much more interesting than just in a bowl.

比单纯放在碗里更有趣的方式去喂猫。

Now some people may have dabbled in feeding enrichment,

现在有些人可能偶然地

probably accidentally,

涉足了丰容喂食的领域，

when they’ve gone down the pet shop and picked up a puzzle ball like this.

当时他们走进了宠物店，拿起了这样的拼图球。

And they’ve given it to their cat,

然后他们把它交给了猫，

and then they’ve got frustrated and thought,

接着他们会感到沮丧并想：

“It doesn’t work.”

“这东西没用啊。”

Because the cat’s disinterest has left them disheartened.

因为猫的不感兴趣使他们灰心丧气。

But fear not, because I have a few handy tips up my sleeve

但是不要害怕，因为我有一些方便的小贴士，

and that is to keep it simple.

那就是不要把事情简单化。

Now, as much as I love,

现在，尽管我很喜欢，

I do love the puzzle balls, they are brilliant,

我确实喜欢拼图球，它们很棒，

but these are medium-level toys.

但这些都是中等级别的玩具。

We need to start off really simple with something like this, OK?

我们需要从非常简单的开始做起，好吗？

You can find this online.

你可以在网上找到这个，

And you want to start everybody off in an egg box.

而且你想让所有人从一个鸡蛋盒里开始。

It’s brilliant because they’re free,

太棒了，因为 它们是免费的，

and you just put in the biscuits where the eggs would normally sit.

而且你只要把饼干放在放鸡蛋的位置即可。

And you need to pour it out with your fingers

而且你需要用手指把它倒出来，

and show the cats how to use it.

告诉猫咪如何使用它。

And then for the next level up,

然后，为了更近进一步，

you can cover the biscuits with a bit of paper.

你可以用一点纸盖住饼干。

If you want it to be really difficult, you can then shut the lid.

如果你想让它变得非常困难， 那么你可以关上盖子。

And it's so much fun watching these cats hunt for their food.

看着这些猫寻找食物真是太有趣了，

Once they've mastered the egg box,

一旦他们掌握了蛋盒，

you can move on to the toilet roll pyramid.

你就可以进入厕纸金字塔了。

This one is fantastic for children,

这是对孩子们来说非常棒的，

a great one I'd like to see done in schools,

一个我希望能看到在学校里完成的玩具，

particularly because there's no sharp scissors involved.

尤其是因为这不用锋利的剪刀。

And you just need to sellotape all the joins front and back,

你只需要将所有接头的正面和背面都粘起来，

and then put the biscuits in where the toilet roll tubes are,

然后把饼干放到卫生纸管所在的地方，

and then allow the cat to get them out.

然后让猫把它们拿出来。

So you can see, very simple ideas,

因此，你可以看到，非常简单的想法，

they're free and a lot of fun.

它们是免费的，而且非常有趣。

So those are my two tips.

所以这是我的两个秘诀。

Keep it simple and show the cats how to do it.

保持简单，并向猫咪展示该怎么做。

Many years ago,

很多年前，

I helped a caregiver

我帮助了一位看护者，

and I was explaining how to introduce a puzzle ball to the cat.

我正在解释如何向猫咪介绍拼图球。

So we talked through it,

于是我们讨论了这个问题，

and she rung me up a while later,

过了一会儿她给我打电话，

quite exasperated, and said, "Nicky, I've done what you said.

非常生气，然后说：“Nicky，我照你说的做了。

I got down on my hands and knees,

我放低双手同时跪下，

and I've been batting around this puzzle ball now for two hours,

我已经围绕这个拼图球打了两个小时了，

and the cat still doesn't understand.

但那只猫还是不明白。

She just follows me and eats all the biscuits."

她只是跟着我，把所有的饼干都吃光了。”

Yeah, that cat knows what she's doing.

是的，那只猫知道她在做什么。

And that cat knows how to use a puzzle ball

而且那只猫知道如何使用拼图球，

but she's getting the caregiver to do all the hard work.

但她会让看护人完成所有艰苦的工作。

And you get pairs of cats like this as well,

你还会看到成对这样的猫，

where one cat does all the hard work

其中一只猫做所有的辛勤工作，

and the other cat swoops on in and eats the biscuits.

另一只猫猛冲进来吃饼干。

I particularly like this puzzle board

我特别喜欢这个拼图板，

because it's got, if you can just about see,

因为如果你能看见的话，

it's got about four different sections on there.

里面有大约四个不同的部分。

So it's different ways for the cat to think and use their brain

这可以让猫咪思考和运用大脑

and figure out how they're going to get the food.

用不同的方法获得食物。

The little bowls you can see near the beginning, near the cat,

你可以看到在前端靠近猫附近的小碗，

are also really good for wet food,

也非常适合盛放湿的食物，

so it's quite a good one for both wet and dry food.

所以这对不论是干的还是湿的食物都合适。

This one is one of our cats in care, in Cats Protection's care,

这是我们在猫咪保护局照护的一只猫，

because we do use the feeding enrichment quite a lot.

因为我们经常对它使用丰容喂食。

Now this is one of those "do not try this at home,"

（视频展示的） 这是一种“不要在家里尝试这个”的喂食方式，

unless your cat has been doing a lot of enrichment

除非你的猫已经做了大量的丰容喂食训练，

and knows exactly what they're doing,

并且它确切地知道自己在做什么，

because this cat has worked through from easy through to middle

因为这只猫已经从简单到

right through to sort of hard, master level.

中级再到有点困难的大师级经历了。

But you can see that it's a lot of fun.

但是你可以看到这很有趣。

And also, it really does slow down feeding.

而且，它确实会减慢喂食速度。

It's particularly good if you've got cats that will just eat a lot of food

这样做对你家的那只会猛地干饭

and then regurgitate it up.

然后再吐出来的猫好处尤其多。

Where's the biscuit?

饼干在哪里？

It's on her back.

它在她的背上。

They do make cute videos as well.

他们也制作了很多可爱的视频。

So you can see that really, we're not teaching cats how to play.

所以你可以看到，我们不是在教猫怎么玩。

They're teaching us.

它们在教我们。

We just have to listen to them,

我们只需要倾听它们的意见，

and we need to learn their preferences.

我们需要了解它们的偏好。

Because once you get the basic principles of feeding enrichment,

因为一旦你掌握了丰容喂养的基本原理，

the world is your oyster,

你完全可以随心所欲，

and you're only limited by your imagination.

你只会受到想象力的限制。

So you just need to take the feeding enrichment

因此，你只需要

and build up really slowly in complexity over time

按照自己的猫咪的节奏进行丰容喂养，

to your own individual cat's pace.

随着时间的推移慢慢增加复杂程度。

I think that feeding enrichment is just as fun for us

我认为丰容喂养对我们来说

as it is for the cats.

和对猫咪一样有趣。

So go ahead, give it a go.

所以来吧，试一试。

It's fun, it's easy, and it takes very little effort.

这很有趣，很简单，而且只需很少的精力。

You've got three minutes, right?

你有三分钟，对吧？

It may not change the world,

它可能不会改变世界，

but it will change the world for your cat.

但它会改变你的猫的世界。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）