3 Ways Your Company's Data Can Jump-Start Climate Action | Massimo Russo | TED

翻译人员: Frank Wang 校对人员: Ethan Huang

If you've gone to a tech conference,

如果你参加过过去五年中

literally any tech conference in the last five years,

任意的科技大会，

you would walk away with the impression that the connected, easy-to-navigate,

大会结束时你一定会感到，

万物互联、导航便利、清洁绿色的 智慧城市正触手可及。

clean and green smart city is just around the corner.

The reality and the hype is

事实以及大肆的炒作是，

that many companies are working on products and solutions to get there.

很多公司在研发实现此目标的 产品与解决方案。

Take transportation, for example.

以交通运输行业为例。

Allegedly, in the city of the future

据称，在未来城市，

you will be able to seamlessly plan your journey from public transportation

人们可使用公交交通 到自动驾驶的共享车辆，

to shared autonomous taxis and even electric scooters.

乃至电动滑板车 去无缝衔接出行计划。

If you own a car, it will be electric,

私家车都将是电动车，

and there will be charging stations strategically placed throughout the city.

充电桩将有战略地遍布整个城市。

So all you do is type your location into your GPS,

只需要把目的地输入GPS，

and it will automatically take you to your location

车辆便会自动驾驶， 送你去目的地，

in the minimum amount of time

它还会自动选择最快路线，

and any payment you need for charging

并且一切与车辆充电相关的付款

will be done automatically in the background.

都将在后台自动完成。

Now you might say, wait a minute,

这时你可能会说，等等， 已经有公司正推出这类服务，

there are companies that are doing this today.

我已经用上这种服务了。

I can do this today.

但推出这类服务的是个别公司，

But it’s individual companies,

and it's certainly not ubiquitous across the city.

并且还没有达到城市范围内地普及。

But it doesn't just stop with transportation.

不过，智慧城市远不止局限于交通领域。

Let's take health.

以健康领域作为例子。

In the future, there will be air-quality monitors at every street corner,

在未来，每个街角都将装有 空气质量检测仪，

and they will be connected with your asthma inhaler

并将和哮喘吸入器相连，

so that you know when it's safe to go out.

这将使得哮喘患者可以知道 何时出门最安全。

Or there will be infrared cameras

街上还会装有

以匿名方式测量市民的体温的红外相机，

that are measuring the temperature of citizens anonymously

and that will be connected with your thermometer

而红外相机又将与体温计相连，

以便于防控未来的传染病爆发。

so that we can detect future outbreaks.

And of course, you will also have your wearable device

当然，身上的可穿戴设备

that connected to your bathroom scale and your smart refrigerator

还会与体重秤和智能冰箱相连，

so that nutritionists, doctors and other companies

以便营养专家、医生和其他公司

can come up with new ways to keep you, you know,

可以找到让你身材跟我一样苗条的

slim and and trim as I am.

新方法。

Then of course, there's shopping.

当然，还有购物方面。

I mean, when you shop today, you know,

现在我们购物时，

you purchase from different retailers

会从不同的零售商选购商品，

and you receive multiple shipments during the course of the day.

会在一天时间内 收到好几次快递。

Now, if you had an app where you could set your preferences

那如果有一个应用可以 让你设置自己的喜好

and those shipments can be consolidated

并把这些快递合并起来，

减少一周内收取快递的次数，

and maybe you receive fewer shipments during the week,

这会有一点不方便，

a little bit less convenient,

但你的碳足迹会得到减少。

but you get to reduce your carbon footprint.

So these are all great ideas and solutions and products

这些都是各大企业正为之努力的

that companies are working on,

很优秀的构想、产品和解决方案，

but they all share an underlying requirement

可以上种种都共享着一个

that could make that smart city

可能会使智慧城市更像是遥远的幻想

more of a distant dream than a reality just around the corner.

而非近在咫尺的现实的基本要求。

And that is the need for greater sharing of data across companies,

而这个要求就是企业、 个人、城市之间

individuals and cities.

更多的数据共享。

And if there's one thing that we've learned

而我们汲取到的教训是，

is that companies don't like to share data,

企业并不喜欢共享数据，

they don't even like to share our own data with us.

它们甚至不愿和用户自身共享数据，

So let alone data with competitors or partners.

更别说跟竞争对手或合作企业了。

And therein lies the dilemma,

此即存在着两难困境，

because if we want to have a chance at really combating climate change,

因为如果我们真心希望 有机会战胜气候变化，

we need to have our cities become as smart and as connected

那么就需要城市 尽可能快和多地实现

高度智能与高度互联。

as quickly as possible, and as many cities as possible.

So we need to overcome this fear of data sharing

所以我们要克服对数据共享的恐惧，

and move towards the smart-city future.

迈向存在智能城市的未来。

But why is it that companies fear sharing data?

可为什么企业害怕共享数据呢？

Well, it’s what I call “FOMA”.

这个现象被我称为 “FOMA”。

Not FOMO,

这不是在说 “FOMO” ——

the fear of missing out on a great party or either opportunity,

FOMO 是指害怕错过聚会 或其他好机会的错失恐惧症，

but FOMA, the fear of missing out on competitive advantage.

而 FOMA 是指害怕错过竞争优势，

Data is a source of competitive advantage.

既然数据是竞争优势的根本之一，

So why would companies want to give it up?

那么企业为何要放弃这一优势？

In our research, over the last two years,

在我们过去两年的研究中，

we've been looking at many different solutions

我们一直在围绕多种

that would improve the citizen experience

将提升智慧城市的生活体验 和可持续性

and as well sustainability solutions for cities.

的解决方案开展研究。

And what we found is that 85 percent of those solutions

我们研究发现，85%的解决方案

require much more data sharing

都需要企业、个人和城市之间

across companies, individuals and cities.

进行更多的数据共享。

So the question really comes,

那么问题来了，

how do we motivate companies to share more of their data?

怎样激励企业共享更多数据？

We need to actually overcome this fear quickly

如果我们想要解决气候变化上 真正取得进展。

if we want to make meaningful progress on climate change.

我们需要尽快克服 对失去竞争优势的恐惧。

Well, as we talked to a number of companies

我们和很多企业做了交流，

that were building platforms and ecosystems in different verticals

这些企业建设的生态体系和平台 涉及到

like logistics, transportation,

比如物流、交通、智能建筑

smart buildings, smart cities,

和智慧城市的多个垂直市场。

we asked about what it would take to drive greater data sharing

我们询问需要付出什么代价

across these different solutions.

才能针对多种解决方案 推动更多数据共享。

And what we heard were the usual concerns:

企业给我们的回答总是千篇一律：

data sharing is costly, it’s complicated.

数据共享既昂贵又复杂。

And companies were concerned about unintended disclosures

企业也担心可能使品牌声誉受损的

that could risk their brand.

意外内容披露的发生。

However, there was one exception.

不过也存在例外，

And this, I think, is promising.

并且这个例外是前景光明的。

Companies were more willing to share their data

如果数据共享可以超越商业目的 以服务广泛大众的话，

if it could serve a broader common purpose beyond commercial motivations.

那么企业将会更愿意共享。

And in particular,

特别的是，

they're more willing to share their data beyond their own four walls

若数据共享可以帮助战胜气候变化，

if that data sharing could help fight climate change.

那么企业会更愿意 与其他企业数据共享。

Let's take, for example, a few car companies

举个例子，

一些其实是激烈竞争关系的汽车公司，

that actually are fierce competitors,

and they got together

它们一起合作，

and started to share detailed mapping data

开始相互共享详细的地图数据，

so they could develop better solutions for routing trucks,

这样就能为优化卡车运输路线 开发更好的解决方案，

so they spend less time idling

以减少空转时间，

and also could route trucks in a city

还可根据主导风向的趋势

based on prevailing wind patterns to reduce smog.

规划运输路线从而减少雾霾。

These are pretty cool solutions that companies are working on.

公司正研发的这些解决方案 都很棒。

But the real question is,

但真正的问题是，

if this common purpose of fighting climate change

如果对抗气候变化这一远大宗旨

能够帮助行业领导者们克服 竞争优势恐惧症，

can help leaders overcome their data sharing FOMA,

how do we get them to actually do it?

那么究竟该怎样激励企业做出行动呢？

Well, in our work, we found that it takes three actions

在我们的研究当中， 我们发现有三项行动

to jump-start a virtuous cycle of data sharing and innovation.

可以推动形成数据共享 与创新的良性循环。

First, companies need to look for new, unexpected sources of data.

首先，企业需要寻找 未曾想到的全新数据来源。

Second, they need to develop new sustainability solutions quickly.

其次，企业需要快速开发 新的可持续性解决方案。

And third, they need to act together for change.

第三，企业需要一起行动， 寻求改变。

Let's take finding new, unexpected partners for data.

让我们来谈谈寻找未曾设想的 全新数据伙伴。

Well, what I mean by that

我的意思是说，

is looking well beyond the four walls of a company

要打开大门，放眼企业外部，

for sources of data that can be combined with a company's own

寻求能与企业自身相结合的数据来源，

to analyze and develop new sustainability solutions.

去进行分析和研发 新的可持续性解决方案。

But let me give a specific example.

让我举一个具体的例子，

Let's take farming.

比如农业。

Farming historically has been more art than science.

农业历来是更偏向文科而非理科。

You've had farmers that make decisions on when to plant,

农民依据务农经验和生产知识做出关于

what fertilizer to apply, when to irrigate, etc.,

何时播种，施何种肥料和

based on their own personal experience and knowledge of the farm.

何时灌溉等等的决定。

Do you remember "Star Trek"

记不记得《星际迷航》里，

and when Spock could scan the surface of a planet

当斯波克扫描星球的表面

to know what the habitat was, using the sensors from the “Enterprise”,

就能通过企业号上的传感器 知道那里的自然环境，

and they could tell whether the planet could support human life?

还能识别出是否这颗星球 适宜人类居住？

Well, I know I'm dating myself and I'm a bit of a geek,

我知道我有点老古董和技术宅了，

but that science fiction is becoming a reality today.

但科幻作品正在变成现实。

You have data from satellites,

我们现在有着卫星数据、

from drones, from sensors on the field,

无人机数据、农田感应器数据，

from connected farming equipment that is collecting data.

联网的农业设备也在提供数据。

All of that can be combined

这些数据都能够结合起来，

so that farmers can make better real-time decisions on

让农民对提升总体收成率，

how to improve their overall crop yield,

减少肥料和化学品的用量，

reduce the amount of fertilizer and other chemicals they need,

以及保护水及其他稀缺资源

and also conserve scarce resources like water.

作出更好的实时判断。

So they can improve their income,

因此他们能够增加收入，

lower their costs,

降低成本，

and now they can even start generating new income sources

甚至现在还能依靠种植吸碳农作物

by planting carbon-absorbing crops and getting paid for that.

从而创造新的收入来源。

So really quite fascinating what's happening in agriculture.

农业的现状十分有趣。

Next comes innovating quickly new sustainability solutions.

接下来是快速研发 新的可持续性解决方案。

What I'm talking about is not your typical long product road map,

传统普遍的研发 基于时间冗长的产品路线图，

but we need to have companies hire data scientists

但现在需要聘用

能分析各种不同的数据来源的数据科学家，

that can analyze all these different data sources

and in new, agile ways,

并以新的迅捷方法

bring new products and services to market.

向市场推出新的产品和服务。

We need to use data and digital quickly to fight climate change.

我们要使用数据和网络 快速应战气候变化。

Finally, acting together.

最后，我们要一起行动。

Now let me come back to the smart-city example.

让我们回到智能城市的例子上。

If we had transportation companies and utilities

如果交通运输企业、 电力公司和大楼

and buildings share data with the city,

愿意同城市管理部门共享数据，

then the city could make better decisions on investing in renewable energy projects.

相关部门便可对投资可再生能源项目 作出更好的决定。

That could mean that you lower your energy bill

这对大家意味着能耗费用的下降

and also reduce your carbon footprint.

以及碳足迹的减少。

Or that transportation data can be used to decide

或者交通数据能帮助决定

where charging stations are needed

电动充电桩应当安装在何处，

so that we can accelerate the speed of adoption of electric vehicles.

用以加速推进电动汽车的普及。

And that means maybe you spend less time in traffic,

这样交通不仅将更加快速便捷，

but also your air is cleaner.

空气还会更加干净清洁。

So to really make progress on more sustainable energy,

所以要想真正发展可持续能源，

we need to have data sharing across buildings, transportation and utilities.

建筑物、交通企业和公用事业之间 需要互相共享数据。

All of this data sharing needs to come together for a brighter future.

这些数据共享必须团结统一， 才能共建美好未来。

Now ...

现在，

You also have a critical role to play.

各位听众也都扮演着关键角色。

Of course, we individually need to be in control of our own data.

诚然，我们每个人都需要 掌握好自己的数据。

Imagine you have an app that allows you to set preferences

想象有一款移动应用程序 让你设置偏好

so that data from your car, from your utilities,

以便汽车、公用设施

from your shopping patterns can be shared

以及购物模式的数据能够被共享，

and you can make decisions about your own carbon footprint

让你控制和决定碳足迹

变得易如反掌。

in a very easy way.

So you can run "what if" scenarios.

你可以做出假设。

What if I purchase an electric car?

假如我买电动车？

What if I take the train from Boston to New York versus fly?

假如我乘火车去纽约， 而不是乘飞机过去？

Or what if I change my shopping pattern so I shop more locally?

或者假如我改变购物习惯 去购买更多当地生产的产品？

How much will that impact my overall carbon footprint?

我的总体碳足迹会有怎样的变化？

Would you be willing to share more data

你是否愿意共享更多数据，

to have more sustainable climate

去推进气候可持续发展，

and to make those climate-friendly decisions?

去做出对气候有帮助的决定？

Well, I for one, I'm pretty excited about this future,

我个人对这一未来激动不已，

a future where greater data sharing

到那时，更多的数据共享

can really help us jointly combat climate change.

将帮助我们共同对抗气候变化。

What we need is for company leaders to move away from FOMA

我们所需要的是 企业的高管脱离竞争优势恐惧症，

and back to good old-fashioned FOMO.

回到传统的错失恐惧症。

The future is bright if all that data can be shared,

如果所有数据都可以被共享的话， 未来将是一片光明，

and I don't think we really want to miss out.

这真的是我们不会想要错过的。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）