How a strong creative industry helps economies thrive | Mehret Mandefro

Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

翻译人员: Shuhui Huang 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

导播：曼德弗罗（Mandefro）医生， 场子已经准备好了。

梅赫雷特·曼德弗罗 （Mehret Mandefro）：好。

Woman: Doc? We're ready for you.

Mehret Mandefro: OK.

男 1 ： 各单位准备， 请各就各位。

Man 1: Here we go. Places, please.

妆发最后补一下。

男 2 : 开播时间到。

男 3 ： 摄像机准备好了！ 男 2 ： 摄像机开机。

Last looks.

男 3 ： 录音设备 A,B,C 准备。

男 1 ：场记板。 预备……开拍。

Man 2: We're at roll time.

梅赫： 十五年前， 当我在住院医生实习的时候，

Man 3: Rolling! Man 2: Roll cameras.

Man 3: A speed, B speed, C speed.

我就开始拍电影了，

Man 1: Marker. And ... action.

这不是什么新鲜事。

我当时在研究，艾滋病 在黑人女性中比例失衡的问题。

MM: I started making movies 15 years ago,

那份研究最后成了一部纪录片，

during my internal medicine residency,

之后我就一直在拍电影了。

as one does.

I was doing HIV disparities research amongst Black women,

我喜欢把我拍的电影和剧

都看作一种视觉药剂。

and that work turned into a documentary,

就是说，我努力把荧幕上的故事

and I've been making movies ever since.

I like to think of the movies and shows I create

指向庞大的社会问题，

比如美国的种族歧视，

as a kind of visual medicine.

埃塞俄比亚的性别不平等，

By that I mean I try to put stories on the screen

或是全球医疗水平不均。

我也总是希望观众可以受到启发，

that address large social barriers,

like racism in America,

去帮助解决这些问题。

gender inequities in Ethiopia

and global health disparities.

视觉药剂。

And it's always my hope that audiences leave inspired to take actions

大部分时间 我吃住行都在埃塞俄比亚，

我的家乡，

that will help people hurdle those barriers.

而现在， 我是埃塞俄比亚政府就业委员会的

Visual medicine.

Most of the time, I live and work in Ethiopia,

一名顾问。

我知道你很好奇， 一个医生出身的导演，

the country I was born in,

and currently, I sit on the advisory council

又不是经济学家，

of the Ethiopian Government's Jobs Creation Commission.

在创造就业委员会干什么。

因为我相信创意产业，

Now, I'm sure you're wondering what a doctor-turned-filmmaker,

比如电影电视，设计甚至时装业，

not economist,

is doing working with the Jobs Creation Commission.

在任何国家都可以推动 经济和理想制度的发展。

Well, I believe the creative industries,

like film and theater, design and even fashion,

我见过先例，

也帮助它们实现过，

所以我来到这里 告诉你一些故事。

can promote economic growth and democratic ideals in any country.

但首先，需要了解一下背景。

过去的十五年里，

I've seen it happen,

埃塞俄比亚成为了全世界 发展最快的经济体。

I've helped it happen,

and I'm here to tell you a little bit more.

But first, some context.

贫困人口比例也降低了。

Over the past 15 years,

但根据 2018 年的数据来看，

Ethiopia has had amongst the fastest-growing economies

城市的失业率在 19% 左右，

in the world.

This growth has led to a reduction in poverty.

其中是 15 到 29 岁的年轻人 失业率最高。

But according to 2018 numbers,

unemployment rates in urban areas is around 19 percent,

意料之中的是， 年轻女性中的失业率还要更高。

with higher unemployment rates amongst youth ages 15 to 29.

就像非洲的其他地区， 埃塞俄比亚人口构成主要是年轻人，

也就是说， 当城市的劳动市场在发展时，

No surprise, those numbers are even higher among young women.

人们逐渐成长到就业年龄，

Like the rest of Africa, Ethiopia's population is young,

工作机会却不够了。

所以如果你站在政府的角度看，

which means as the urban labor market continues to grow,

他们没有足够的高薪工作 分配给越来越多的人。

people are aging into the workforce,

and there aren't enough jobs to go around.

你会怎么做？

So put yourselves in the shoes of any government

你的第一反应估计不会是， “那我们多拨点预算给创意部门。”

struggling to create enough good-paying jobs for a growing population.

我们一直以来都认为， 艺术是锦上添花，

What do you do?

I'm guessing your first thought isn't, "Hey, let's expand the creative sector."

而不是给经济的增长和稳定 雪中送炭。

We've been conditioned to think of the arts as a nice thing to have,

我不这么认为。

四年前， 当我搬到埃塞俄比亚的时候，

but not really as having a place at the economic growth and security table.

我并没有直接着手失业问题。

我当时想的的是， 如何扩大我在美国建立的

I disagree.

When I moved to Ethiopia four years ago,

一家媒体公司， Truth Aid。

I wasn't thinking about these unemployment issues.

埃塞俄比亚看上去 是一个很有潜力的新市场。

I was actually thinking about how to expand operations

of a media company I had cofounded, Truth Aid, in the US.

我搬到那儿之后的第一年，

我就加入了一个新兴电视台， 卡纳电视（Kana TV），

Ethiopia seemed like an exciting new market for our business.

它们已经扩张到媒体制作领域了。

作为他们的第一位制作人 和公关部长，

By the end of my first year there,

I joined a fledgling TV station

我的职责是，

that exploded onto the media scene,

如何利用一个影视技术落后的 劳动力市场，

Kana TV,

as its first executive producer and director of social impact.

并使用当地官方语言阿姆哈拉语， 来制作高质量内容。

My job was to figure out

how to produce premium original content in Amharic, the official language,

办法只有一个。

我们需要花大力气培养人才。

in a labor market where the skills and education for film and TV was limited.

我当时的任务是， 培训编剧组，

而唯一的办法就是：

There was really only one way we could do it.

We would have to invest heavily in training.

边做边学。

花钱雇我的员工来 边学边写剧本。

I was charged with training the scripted drama team,

and there was really only one way we could do that:

他们的平均年龄是 24 岁，

on the job,

都是刚出校园的毕业生，

paying my employees to make TV while they learned how to make TV.

充满着对知识的渴望。

我们打造了一个世界级的工作室， 就这么开始了。

Their average age was 24,

我们第一部来自培训的作品

it was their first job out of university,

是一部电视剧， 讲的是一个位于权力中心的家族故事，

and they were eager to learn.

We built a world-class studio and began.

名叫《传承》。

The first show we created as a product of our training

第二部作品是 埃塞俄比亚的第一部青少年电视剧，

叫做《Yegna》。

was a scripted series with a powerful family at the center

还与非营利组织“女孩效应” （Girl Effect）进行了合作。

called "Inheritance."

这些作品让参演演员们一夜成名，

The second show was Ethiopia's first teen drama,

called "Yegna,"

并获得了热烈反响，

and was made in partnership with the nonprofit Girl Effect.

最棒的地方是 我的工作变成了

经营一个内容制作的人才培训工厂。

These shows turned the cast into overnight stars

and won audiences over,

卡纳电视计划继续制作 多部原创作品，

and the best part of my job quickly became

running what was essentially a content production talent training factory.

包括一部我创作的健康主题的 脱口秀《Hiyiweiti》，

翻译过来叫是“我的生活”。

Kana would go on to make several original content shows,

虽然这一切对于卡纳电视来说 非常好，

但我们想做的是影响更大的事。

including a health talk show I created called "Hiyiweti,"

在这个劳动力市场上， 最大的人口挑战之一

which translates into "my life."

Now, this is obviously great for Kana,

是创造新的工作机会，尤其是 与年轻人相关的岗位，

but we were doing something bigger.

而我们发明了一个 “让培训成为雇佣的一部分”的模型。

We were creating a model for how training becomes employment

那你当然不能说

in a market where creating new jobs, especially as it relates to young people,

自己解决了失业问题的一大部分，

is among the largest of demographic challenges.

因为这些创造出来的工作机会 都是给私营企业的，

Now, you can't say

you took a bite out of a large social problem like unemployment

所以我并没有止步于电视产业，

我希望我训练出来的员工

if the jobs you create only serve the interests

可以有机会参加国际上的影视制作，

of a single private sector company,

所以当我合作的一个 加拿大爱尔兰的联合公司

which is why I didn't stop at TV.

I wanted the crews I had trained

来到埃塞俄比亚制作一部叫 《肚中的甜味》的故事片时，

to have exposure to international standard production

and was so thrilled

我联系了埃塞俄比亚国有的 旅行公司的首席执行官，

when a Canadian-Irish coproduction that I was executive producing

came to Ethiopia to shoot the feature film "Sweetness in the Belly."

想用这次拍摄机会作为案例

来学习政府能怎样支持影视产业。

I contacted the CEO of the state-owned tours in Ethiopia

to see if we could use this film as a learning case study

我的论据是，

电影可以在两方面促进 经济发展和旅游业：

for how government can support filmmaking and filmmakers.

通过让更多的影视制作机会 来到埃塞俄比亚，

The argument was,

films can promote economic growth and attract tourism dollars

更重要的是通过 将埃塞俄比亚及其独特的文化资产

in two key ways:

推向全世界。

by bringing production work to Ethiopia and, more importantly,

后者与国家的表现力息息相关。

by promoting Ethiopia and its unique cultural assets

政府的回应非常积极，

to the world.

最终提供的后勤和安全支持

The latter taps into a nation's expressive power.

远远超出了一个单独的制片人 自己所能提供的范围，

The government was incredibly receptive and supportive

尤其是对如此庞大的电影摄制组。

and ended up providing logistical and security support

在他们的帮助下 我们在极具挑战性的条件下，

above and beyond what a lone producer could provide on her own,

成功完成了故事片的拍摄，

同时我也成功地让我的雇员们 多了一些相关经验，

especially to such a large film crew.

With their help, we were able to complete shooting the feature film

并和世界级的影视剧组合作。

under very challenging conditions,

这意味着我们雇员的职业晋升通道，

and I was able to hire my TV crews so they could deepen their experiences

不仅是在公司范围内，

and work alongside a world-class film crew.

还拓展到了整个影视市场范围。

This meant our employees could mature and grow

我们组的雇员中， 有的成立了自己的影视公司，

and move up their own respective career ladders,

有的加入了广告公司、媒介公司，

not just in our company but in the market at large.

甚至有其他的电视台。

Members of our crew have gone on to start their own production companies,

对我来说， 这多重效应就是我努力的意义。

joined ad agencies, communication firms,

这还不是结局。

even other TV stations.

当时就业机会创造委员会

To me, this multiplier effect is what it's all about.

还让我评估 影视、视觉艺术和设计行业的

But the story gets better.

This was right around the time the Jobs Creation Commission

未被满足的对劳动力的需求，

hired me to conduct a diagnostic study

并给出政府应当如何应对的建议。

to assess the unmet needs of subsectors like film, visual arts and design

当研究完成，

我们提出了把创意产业

作为高潜力服务业纳入 “国家就业行动计划”中的

and see what government could do to respond to those needs.

After we completed the study,

政策建议。

we made policy recommendations to incorporate the creative economy

这后来成为了 又一个大型计划的火种，

“创造的埃塞俄比亚” （Ethiopia Creates），

in the National Jobs Action Plan

as a high-potential services industry.

这个计划正在 组织创意产业的企业家们

来让这个产业蓬勃发展。

This led to a larger effort called Ethiopia Creates,

“创造的埃塞俄比亚”最近组织了 一个电影出口的项目，

which is just beginning to organize the creative industry entrepreneurs

目标市场是欧洲，

in the sector

一队埃塞俄比亚的电影制作人 有机会向投资者

so the sector can thrive.

Ethiopia Creates recently organized a film export mission

推销他们的项目。

to the European film market,

那么，利用文化来促进经济

where a team of Ethiopian filmmakers were able to pitch their projects

是一个非常值得称赞的里程碑，

for potential financing opportunities.

但事实是，

需要拯救的不仅仅是就业。

Now, putting culture on the economic agenda

埃塞俄比亚正在面临一个 对于人口和经济都很重要的契机，

is an incredibly important milestone.

But the truth of the matter is,

there's far more at stake than just jobs.

其实整个世界好像都在这样一个 不成功便成仁的时刻。

Ethiopia is at a critical juncture, not just economically but democratically.

在我看来， 从埃塞俄比亚现在的位置出发，

这个国家有两条路可以走：

It seems like the rest of the world is at a similar make-or-break moment.

要么是一条人口多样化的包容之路，

From my perspective on the ground in Ethiopia,

要么是一条走向民族对立的分裂之路。

the country can go one of two ways:

如果我们都同意应该选包容之路，

either down a path of inclusive, democratic participation,

那么问题就是： 怎么做？

or down a more divisive path of ethnic divisions.

我会说保障民主的 最好办法之一是

If we all agree that the good way to go is down the inclusive path,

书写出每个人的 故事、音乐、文化和历史，

the question becomes: How do we get there?

I would argue one of the best ways to safeguard democracy

而这，当然是创意行业最擅长的。

is to expose everyone to each other's stories, music, cultures and histories,

这是一个帮助教育人文社会

如何获得 没有偏见的新想法的产业。

and of course, it's the creative economy that does that best.

艺术家们早就已经找到倡导包容、 讲故事、制作音乐的方式了，

It's the sector that helps teach civil society

how to access new ideas that are free of bias.

借此带来长久的政治影响。

伟大的已故英雄，众议员约翰·刘易斯 （John Lewis）

Artists have long found ways to inspire inclusion, tell stories and make music

就深谙此道，

他曾说， “如果没有舞蹈、故事、摄影，

for lasting political impact.

The late, great American hero, Congressman John Lewis,

民权运动就是一只没有翅膀的鸟。”

understood this when he said,

（铃声响）

"Without dance, without drama, without photography,

男 1 ：我们继续。

the civil rights movement would have been like a bird without wings."

我们来想象一下， 当艺术家有了高薪工作和政府支持，

(Bell rings)

Man 1: OK, we're back.

音乐、电影和艺术的传播 会有多高效。

MM: Now imagine how much more effective music, films and arts would be

在这种情况下， 经济发展和人口增长

如影随形。

if artists had good-paying jobs

我觉得任何认为 艺术只是锦上添花

and the government supported them.

In this case, economic growth and democratic growth

而不是雪中送炭的政府

都是在发科打诨。

go hand in hand.

任何形式的艺术和文化

I think any government that views arts as a nice thing to have

都是一个国家经济 和人口增长的必需品。

as opposed to a must-have

正是埃塞俄比亚这样的国家 才不能忽视这些

is kidding itself.

Arts and culture in all of their forms

are indispensable for a country's economic and democratic growth.

最有潜力影响社会人文的产业。

所以就像约翰·刘易斯说的，

It's precisely countries like Ethiopia that can't afford to ignore

没有艺术的民权运动无法飞翔，

the very sector that has the potential to make the greatest civic impact.

没有一个严谨有序 且蓬勃发展的创意产业支撑，

So just as John Lewis understood

that the civil rights movement could not take flight without the arts,

埃塞俄比亚， 或是任何其他国家的未来

without a thriving creative sector that is organized like an industry,

都无法展翅飞翔。

对经济和人口发展的巨大价值

Ethiopia's future, or any other country at its moment of reckoning,

使创意产业对国家发展至关重要。

cannot take flight.

The economic and democratic gains these industries afford

谢谢。

男 1 ： 好……卡！

（掌声和喝彩）

make the creative economy essential to development and progress.

Thank you.

Man 1: And ... cut!

(Applause and cheers)