How a strong creative industry helps economies thrive | Mehret Mandefro

Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

女子：醫師？該您了。

講者：好的。

Woman: Doc? We're ready for you.

Mehret Mandefro: OK.

男子一：來吧，場景，麻煩。

Man 1: Here we go. Places, please.

最後容貌整理。

男子二：拍攝時間到。

男子三：開始拍攝。 男子二：攝影機啟動。

Last looks.

男子三：A 啟動， B 啟動，C 啟動。

男子一：打板。開始。

Man 2: We're at roll time.

講者：我十五年前開始拍電影，

Man 3: Rolling! Man 2: Roll cameras.

Man 3: A speed, B speed, C speed.

那時我在當住院醫師，

Man 1: Marker. And ... action.

大家都這樣嘛。

我在研究黑人女性間的 愛滋病病毒差距，

MM: I started making movies 15 years ago,

那研究後來演變成了紀錄片，

during my internal medicine residency,

我從此就一直在拍電影了。

as one does.

I was doing HIV disparities research amongst Black women,

我認為我創作的電影和節目 是一種視覺良藥。

and that work turned into a documentary,

我的意思是，我試著把關係

and I've been making movies ever since.

重大社會障礙的故事放到螢幕上，

I like to think of the movies and shows I create

比如美國的種族主義、

as a kind of visual medicine.

衣索比亞的性別不平等，

By that I mean I try to put stories on the screen

以及全球健康差距。

我總是希望觀眾

that address large social barriers,

看完後能受到鼓舞，採取行動 幫助他人克服這些障礙。

like racism in America,

gender inequities in Ethiopia

and global health disparities.

視覺良藥。

And it's always my hope that audiences leave inspired to take actions

大部分的時候，我在 衣索比亞工作及生活，

我在這個國家出生。

that will help people hurdle those barriers.

目前，我在衣索比亞政府的

Visual medicine.

工作創造委員會擔任顧問委員。

Most of the time, I live and work in Ethiopia,

我相信各位會很納悶，我本來 是醫生，後來成了電影導演，

the country I was born in,

and currently, I sit on the advisory council

又不是經濟學家， 在工作創造委員會做什麼？

of the Ethiopian Government's Jobs Creation Commission.

嗯，

Now, I'm sure you're wondering what a doctor-turned-filmmaker,

我相信創意產業，比如電影及戲劇，

not economist,

設計，甚至時尚，

is doing working with the Jobs Creation Commission.

在任何國家都能促進 經濟成長和民主理想。

Well, I believe the creative industries,

like film and theater, design and even fashion,

我親眼見識過，

我也推波助瀾過，

我來此是要和各位多談一些。

can promote economic growth and democratic ideals in any country.

但先說一下背景。

在過去十五年間，衣索比亞是

I've seen it happen,

全世界經濟成長最快的國家之一。

I've helped it happen,

and I'm here to tell you a little bit more.

But first, some context.

這成長也讓貧困的情況緩解。

Over the past 15 years,

但根據 2018 年的數字，

Ethiopia has had amongst the fastest-growing economies

都市地區的失業率大約是 19%，

in the world.

This growth has led to a reduction in poverty.

十五到二十九歲的 年輕人失業率更高。

But according to 2018 numbers,

unemployment rates in urban areas is around 19 percent,

不意外，年輕女性的 失業率還要更高。

with higher unemployment rates amongst youth ages 15 to 29.

和非洲其他地方一樣， 衣索比亞的人口也很年輕，

意思就是，隨著都市 勞動力市場持續成長，

No surprise, those numbers are even higher among young women.

勞動力也在老化，且工作供不應求。

Like the rest of Africa, Ethiopia's population is young,

所以，站在任何政府的立場想想，

which means as the urban labor market continues to grow,

若你很難為不斷成長的人口 創造出足夠薪水不錯的工作，

people are aging into the workforce,

and there aren't enough jobs to go around.

你怎麼辦？

So put yourselves in the shoes of any government

我想你的第一個念頭不會是：

「嘿，咱們來擴充創意部門。」

struggling to create enough good-paying jobs for a growing population.

我們受到制約，認為藝術 是種如果能有也不錯的東西，

What do you do?

I'm guessing your first thought isn't, "Hey, let's expand the creative sector."

但在經濟成長和安全方面 並沒有什麼重要性。

We've been conditioned to think of the arts as a nice thing to have,

我不認同。

四年前我搬到衣索比亞時，

but not really as having a place at the economic growth and security table.

我並沒有思考這些失業議題。

我在想的其實是如何拓展我在美國

I disagree.

When I moved to Ethiopia four years ago,

共同創立的媒體公司 Truth Aid 的營運。

I wasn't thinking about these unemployment issues.

對我們的事業而言，衣索比亞 似乎是個讓人興奮的新市場。

I was actually thinking about how to expand operations

of a media company I had cofounded, Truth Aid, in the US.

我在那裡快滿一年時，

我加入一家初出茅蘆就快速 吸引媒體關注的電視台，

Ethiopia seemed like an exciting new market for our business.

Kana TV，擔任首任執行 製作人及社會影響主管。

By the end of my first year there,

I joined a fledgling TV station

我的工作是要想辦法 製作出優質的原創內容，

that exploded onto the media scene,

Kana TV,

as its first executive producer and director of social impact.

且是講官方語言出阿拉哈母語，

且在這個勞動力市場中，電影 電視的技能和教育十分有限。

My job was to figure out

how to produce premium original content in Amharic, the official language,

我們真的只有一條路可以走。

我們必須要大量投資在教育訓練上。

in a labor market where the skills and education for film and TV was limited.

我負責訓練劇本戲劇團隊，

只有一種可行的訓練方式：

There was really only one way we could do it.

We would have to invest heavily in training.

邊做邊訓練。

付錢給我的員工去做電視節目，

I was charged with training the scripted drama team,

同時學習如何做電視節目。

and there was really only one way we could do that:

他們平均二十四歲。

on the job,

那是他們大學畢業後的 第一份工作，所以很渴望學習。

paying my employees to make TV while they learned how to make TV.

我們打造了世界級的 工作室，並開始進行。

Their average age was 24,

我們創作的第一個節目，

it was their first job out of university,

也是我們訓練的成果，是以 一個權勢家庭為中心的影集，

and they were eager to learn.

We built a world-class studio and began.

叫做《繼承》。

The first show we created as a product of our training

第二個節目是衣索比亞的 第一部青少年劇《Yegna》，

was a scripted series with a powerful family at the center

是和非營利組織 Girl Effect 合作的作品。

called "Inheritance."

這些節目讓其演員一夕成名，

The second show was Ethiopia's first teen drama,

called "Yegna,"

並贏得觀眾的心，

and was made in partnership with the nonprofit Girl Effect.

而我工作中最棒的部分 很快就變成經營

These shows turned the cast into overnight stars

基本上可說是一間 內容製作人才訓練工廠。

and won audiences over,

Kana 又接著推出 數個原創內容節目，

and the best part of my job quickly became

running what was essentially a content production talent training factory.

包括由我創作的 健康脫口秀《Hiyiweti》，

翻譯為「我的人生」。

Kana would go on to make several original content shows,

對 Kana 而言這顯然很棒，

但我們要做的事還更大。

including a health talk show I created called "Hiyiweti,"

我們在創造一個 讓訓練變成就業的模型，

which translates into "my life."

Now, this is obviously great for Kana,

在這個市場裡，創造新工作， 特別是和年輕人有關的工作，

but we were doing something bigger.

是人口結構改變造成 最大的難題之一。

We were creating a model for how training becomes employment

你無法說你減輕了

in a market where creating new jobs, especially as it relates to young people,

像失業這麼重大的社會問題，

is among the largest of demographic challenges.

畢竟你創造的工作只是為了 私部門中單一間公司的利益，

Now, you can't say

you took a bite out of a large social problem like unemployment

這就是為什麼我光做電視還不夠。

我希望我訓練的人員能夠 接觸到國際標準的製作，

if the jobs you create only serve the interests

of a single private sector company,

而我很興奮我擔任執行製作的 加拿大愛爾蘭聯合製作公司

which is why I didn't stop at TV.

I wanted the crews I had trained

到衣索比亞來拍攝電影 長片《肚子裡的甜蜜》。

to have exposure to international standard production

and was so thrilled

我聯絡了衣索比亞國營旅遊的總裁，

when a Canadian-Irish coproduction that I was executive producing

came to Ethiopia to shoot the feature film "Sweetness in the Belly."

問看看我們能否用這部電影 當作學習個案研究，

研究政府能如何支持 電影製作和電影製作人。

I contacted the CEO of the state-owned tours in Ethiopia

論據是：

to see if we could use this film as a learning case study

電影能促進經濟成長， 並吸引觀光錢財，

for how government can support filmmaking and filmmakers.

主要方式有二：

將電影製作工作帶到衣索比亞，

The argument was,

films can promote economic growth and attract tourism dollars

更重要的，

將衣索比亞及其獨一無二的 文化資產推廣到全世界。

in two key ways:

by bringing production work to Ethiopia and, more importantly,

後者要利用國家的 文化藝術之創造表現能力，

by promoting Ethiopia and its unique cultural assets

政府非常願意接受且很支持，

to the world.

最後提供了物流和安全方面的支援，

The latter taps into a nation's expressive power.

完全超過製作人一個人能夠提供的，

The government was incredibly receptive and supportive

特別是要提供給 這麼大量的工作人員。

and ended up providing logistical and security support

有了他們的協助，我們得以在 極艱辛的條件下完成電影拍攝，

above and beyond what a lone producer could provide on her own,

我也能僱用我的電視團隊， 讓他們更深化他們的經驗，

especially to such a large film crew.

With their help, we were able to complete shooting the feature film

和世界級的電影團隊一起工作。

under very challenging conditions,

這意味著我們的員工 能夠成熟、成長，

and I was able to hire my TV crews so they could deepen their experiences

在他們的各自的職涯階梯向上爬，

and work alongside a world-class film crew.

不只是在我們的公司裡， 也是在整個市場大環境裡。

This meant our employees could mature and grow

已經有我們的團隊成員自己 創立了自己的製作公司，

and move up their own respective career ladders,

進入廣告公司、通訊公司，

not just in our company but in the market at large.

甚至其他電視台。

Members of our crew have gone on to start their own production companies,

對我而言，這種加乘效應 就是這一切的重點。

joined ad agencies, communication firms,

但還有更好的呢。

even other TV stations.

大約就在這個時期，工作創造委員會

To me, this multiplier effect is what it's all about.

僱用我進行一項診斷研究，

來評估子部門有哪些需求 未被滿足，子部門包括電影、

But the story gets better.

This was right around the time the Jobs Creation Commission

視覺藝術，和設計，

hired me to conduct a diagnostic study

並看看針對這些需求， 政府能如何因應。

to assess the unmet needs of subsectors like film, visual arts and design

完成研究之後，

我們做了政策建議， 建議將創意經濟納入

and see what government could do to respond to those needs.

國家工作行動計畫，

且以高潛力服務產業的名義納入。

After we completed the study,

we made policy recommendations to incorporate the creative economy

這促成了更大的成果， 「衣索比亞創造」組織，

in the National Jobs Action Plan

這個組織才剛開始將 這個部門內的創意產業企業家

as a high-potential services industry.

整合起來，讓這個部門能茁壯成長。

This led to a larger effort called Ethiopia Creates,

「衣索比亞創造」最近 針對歐洲電影市場

which is just beginning to organize the creative industry entrepreneurs

安排了一項電影出口任務，

in the sector

讓衣索比亞電影製作人團隊 可以去兜售他們的計畫，

so the sector can thrive.

Ethiopia Creates recently organized a film export mission

有機會得到財務上的支助。

to the European film market,

將文化納入經濟工作事項當中，

where a team of Ethiopian filmmakers were able to pitch their projects

是個極重要的里程碑。

for potential financing opportunities.

但事實是，這關係到的 遠不只是工作。

Now, putting culture on the economic agenda

衣索比亞正處在重要關頭，

is an incredibly important milestone.

不僅是在經濟方面， 在民主方面亦然。

But the truth of the matter is,

there's far more at stake than just jobs.

似乎，世界的其他地方也處在 類似的成敗攸關時刻。

Ethiopia is at a critical juncture, not just economically but democratically.

依我所見，

根據衣索比亞的實際狀況， 它有兩條路可以走：

It seems like the rest of the world is at a similar make-or-break moment.

可以走上包容的民主參與之路，

From my perspective on the ground in Ethiopia,

也可以走上較分裂的路，人種分裂。

the country can go one of two ways:

我們都認同包容的路才是好的路。

either down a path of inclusive, democratic participation,

問題就變成：要如何達成？

or down a more divisive path of ethnic divisions.

我主張，守護民主最好的方法之一

If we all agree that the good way to go is down the inclusive path,

就是讓每個人都能接觸到 彼此的故事、音樂、

the question becomes: How do we get there?

文化，及歷史。

I would argue one of the best ways to safeguard democracy

當然，這就是創意經濟的專長了。

is to expose everyone to each other's stories, music, cultures and histories,

是這個部門在協助教導公民社會

如何產生沒有偏見的新想法。

and of course, it's the creative economy that does that best.

長久以來藝術家一直 有辦法鼓舞包容、

It's the sector that helps teach civil society

訴說故事，及創作音樂，

how to access new ideas that are free of bias.

產生持久的政治影響。

已故的偉大美國英雄

Artists have long found ways to inspire inclusion, tell stories and make music

國會議員約翰‧路易斯 了解這一點，他說：

「沒有舞蹈、沒有戲劇、

for lasting political impact.

沒有攝影，

The late, great American hero, Congressman John Lewis,

民權運動就會像是沒有翅膀的鳥。」

understood this when he said,

（鈴響聲）

"Without dance, without drama, without photography,

男子一：好，我們回來了。

the civil rights movement would have been like a bird without wings."

講者：想像一下，音樂、電影，

(Bell rings)

Man 1: OK, we're back.

及藝術的效果能增加多少，

如果藝術家能有薪水不錯的工作，

且政府會支持他們。

MM: Now imagine how much more effective music, films and arts would be

在這個情況下，經濟成長 和民主成長息息相關。

if artists had good-paying jobs

我認為，如果政府認為 藝術是能有也不錯的東西，

and the government supported them.

In this case, economic growth and democratic growth

而非必要的，

那是在自欺欺人。

go hand in hand.

對國家的經濟和民主成長， 各種形式的藝術和文化

I think any government that views arts as a nice thing to have

都是不可缺的。

as opposed to a must-have

像衣索比亞這樣的國家， 更是不能忽視這個部門，

is kidding itself.

Arts and culture in all of their forms

are indispensable for a country's economic and democratic growth.

因為它有潛力可以 對社區造成最大的影響。

所以，如同約翰‧路易斯所認知的，

It's precisely countries like Ethiopia that can't afford to ignore

沒有藝術，民權運動 就不可能飛得起來，

the very sector that has the potential to make the greatest civic impact.

也需要將蓬勃發展的創意部門

So just as John Lewis understood

組織成像一個產業一樣。

that the civil rights movement could not take flight without the arts,

不然，衣索比亞的未來， 或任何其他在覺醒時刻的國家，

without a thriving creative sector that is organized like an industry,

都飛不起來。

這些產業所提供的經濟及民主益處

Ethiopia's future, or any other country at its moment of reckoning,

讓發展和進步不能少了創意經濟。

cannot take flight.

The economic and democratic gains these industries afford

謝謝。

男子一：卡！

（掌聲及歡呼聲）

make the creative economy essential to development and progress.

Thank you.

Man 1: And ... cut!

(Applause and cheers)