What If Buildings Created Energy Instead of Consuming It? | Ksenia Petrichenko | TED

Translator: Mohira Zokirova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Buildings are not only what they seem.

Binolar nafaqat ko’ringanidek kabidir.

They aren't just inert structures to live and work in.

Ular shunchaki yashash va ishlash uchun harakatsiz inshootlar emas.

They're connected to the energy system.

Ular energiya sistemasiga bog’langan.

And this makes buildings an essential element

Va bu binolarni muhim elementini yaratadi

of the efforts to decarbonize our world.

dunyoyimizni karbonsizlantirishimiz uchungi harakatlar.

Today, I want to talk about changing our thinking

Bugun men bizning energiya tizimidagi binolarning roli atrofida.

around the role of buildings in the energy system

o’ylashimizni o’zgartirish haqida gapirmoqchiman va qanday

and how they can transform to bring us closer to our climate targets.

qilib ular bizni iqlim maqsadlarimizga yaqinroq olib kelish uchun o’zgartirishadi

But first, I want to take you to where I grew up,

Lekin birinchi, Men sizni katta bo’lgan joyimga olib bormoqchiman

in this building in a mid-sized city in Russia.

bu bino Rossiyaning o’rta shaxrida

To me, it looked [like] just a great concrete box,

Men uchun bu huddiki sement qutidek ko’rinadi,

like many others.

boshqalar kabi.

There are indeed numerous buildings like this across Europe and Central Asia,

Ular haqiqatdan ham Yevropa va Markaziy Osiyodagidek ulkan binolar,

inherited from Soviet times.

Sovet davridan meros bo’lib qolgan.

They were built quickly to house as many people as possible,

Ular iloji boricha ko’p odamni uy bilan ta’minlash uchun tez qurilgan

without much consideration for their design,

ularning dizaynini

comfort and energy usage.

qulaylik va energiya sarfini uncha hisobga olmasdan.

This is true of many, many buildings across the world.

Dunyoda juda ko’p binolar borligi rost.

Nondescript housing and office boxes,

Oddiy bo’lmagan uy joylar va office joylari

built fast and cheap, and all connected to the energy system.

tez va arzon qurilgan, va hammasi energiya tizimiga ulangan.

I live in Paris now,

Hozir men Parijda yashayman,

and though buildings there look much nicer,

va u yerdagi binolar ancha chiroyli ko’rinsa ham,

from the perspective of energy, issues are similar.

energiya istiqbolidan muammolar bir xil.

High energy consumption,

Yuqori energiya iste’moli,

reliance on fossil fuels

yoqilg’i moyiga tayanish,

and high energy costs,

va baland energiya narxlari,

driven even higher by the current energy crisis.

hozirgi energiya inqirozi tufayli yanada yuqoriroq.

In Paris, I work with International Energy Agency,

Parijda, man xalqaro energiya agentligi bilan ishlayman,

and we advise governments across the world on various energy issues.

va biz dunyo bo’yicha hukumatlarga har xil energiya muammolari boyicha maslahat beram

And for that, we look at data a lot.

Shuning uchun biz ma’lumotlarga ko’p qaraymiz.

And our data shows that at the global scale,

Va bizning malumotlarimiz jahon miqyosida korsatadi

buildings are responsible for about one third of total energy consumption

Binolar dunyoning taxminan 3 dan 1 qismiga ma’sul

and energy- and process-related carbon dioxide emissions.

va energiya va jarayon bilan bog’liq karbonat angidrid chiqindilari.

In Europe, for example, 90 percent of buildings that exist today

Yevropada, misol uchun hozirda mavjud bo’lgan 90% binolar

will still be standing and in use by 2050.

2050-yilga kelib hamon tik turadi va foydalaniladi

We are also building more new buildings.

Bizda yana ko’proq binolar qurayapmiz.

Our data shows that the global floor area

Bizning ma’lumotlar jahon qavat maydonini ko’rsatadi

is expected to increase by 75 percent by mid-century.

o’rta asrlarga kelib bu 75% ga o’sishi kutilmoqda

This is equivalent to adding an area the size of Paris every week

Bu har hafta Parij maydonicha keladigan maydonni qo’shishga teng

for the next 30 years.

keyingi 30 yillarda.

If this happens with energy consumption patterns of today,

Agar bu hzoirgi energiya iste’moli shakllari bilan sodir bo’lsa,

this alone will make it very difficult to achieve our climate targets.

buni o’zi bizning iqlim maqsadlarimizni erishishni qiyin qilib qo’yadi.

Fortunately, we do have solutions available

Yaxshiyamki, bizda mavjud yechimlar bor

to reduce direct emissions from buildings

binolardagi to’g’ri chiqindilarni kamaytirish uchun

by more than 95 percent by 2050.

2050-yilga borib 95% dan ko’pga.

And for this, we need three things:

Va bu uchun, biz uchun 3ta narsa kerak:

efficiency,

samaradorlik,

electrification and decarbonization.

elektrlashtirish va dekarbonizatsiya.

Energy efficiency must come first.

Energiya samaradorlik birinchi kelishi kerak

And in buildings, it should be improved in two ways.

Va binolarda bu 2 yo’lda rivojlantirilishi kerak.

First, through improving energy efficiency of the building envelope

Birinchidan, bino konvertini energiya samaradorligini oshirish orqali

with better materials, design solutions,

yaxshiroq materiallar, dizayn yechimlar,

insulation of walls, roofs, basements,

devorlar, tomlar, podvallarni izolyatsiya qilish

energy-efficient windows.

energiya samarador oynalar.

Second, through improving energy efficiency

Ikkinchidan, energiya samaradorlikni oshirish orqali

of all appliances and equipment used in building --

binodagi hamma texnikalar va uskunalarni ishlatib

for space heating and cooling, water heating,

kosmik isitish va sovutish, suv isitish,

lighting, cooking, working and entertainment.

yoritish, pishirish, ishlash o’yin-kulgu qilish uchun.

However, energy efficiency, as they say, takes a village.

Shunga qaramasdan,energiya samaradorligi, ular aytganidek, qishloqni oladi.

Many forces and interests interact

Ko’plab kuchlar va qiziqishlar o’zaro ta’sir qiladi

during construction and renovation of a building.

binoni qurish va ta’mirlash davomida.

The developers, the owners, the regulators, the architects,

Ishlab chiquvchilar, egalari, tartibga soluvchilar, arxitektorlar,

the suppliers of technologies,

texnologiya ta’minlovchilar,

the market itself exerting price pressure.

bozorning o’zi narx bosimini keltirib chiqaradi.

All these need to be aligned.

Bu hammasi moslashtirlishi kerak.

And it all starts with the governments mandating

Va bu hammasi hukumatlar majbur qilishidan boshlanadi

minimum energy efficiency requirements through their regulation,

ularning tartibga solinishi orqali eng past energiya samaradorlik talablari

putting the right incentives in place and providing clear information tools.

to’g’ri rag’batlantirishlarning joyiga qoyish va maumot anjomlari bilan taminlash

Building energy codes,

Energiya kodlarini qurish

standards and labeling for appliances and equipment, as well as buildings,

standartlarni va texnika va anjomlarni va binolarni ham yorliqlash

are among the most effective instruments at our disposal --

bizning qo’limizzdagi eng samarali asboblar ni orasidagi

if they're enforced well and together with other supporting mechanisms.

Agar ular yaxshi tatbiq etilgan va boshqa qo’llovchi mexaniklar bilan birga bo’lsa.

Energy efficiency in buildings also depends on us as consumers,

Binolardagi energiya samaradorlik ham bizga iste’molchidek bog’liq,

the choices we make,

biz qilgan qarorlar,

buildings we decide to live in,

biz yashashga qaror qilgan binolar,

appliances and devices we buy

biz sotib olgan texnikalar va uskunlar

and the way we use them at home or our workplaces.

va biz ularni ishda va uyda ishlatish yo’limiz

So what is the result of improving energy efficiency?

Xullas, energiya samaradorlikni yaxshilashni natijasi nima?

Significant energy savings,

Sezilarli energiya tejash,

reduced CO2 emissions,

CO2 emissiyasini kamaytirish

lower energy bills

energiya to’lovlarini pasaytirish

and improved comfort, productivity

va qulaylikni,samaradorlikni oshirish

and health of people living in them.

va u yerda yashaydigan odamlarning salomatligi.

The second thing we need is a massive shift towards electricity.

Ikkinchi narsa esa bizga elektr energiyasida katta siljish kerak

And of course I mean clean, decarbonized electricity

Va albatta men aytmoqchimanki toza, karbonsizlantirilgan energiyani

produced from solar, wind and other low-carbon sources.

quyosh, shamol va boshqa kam uglerodli manbaalardan ishlab chiqarilgan

If we look at Europe, for instance,

Agar biz Yevropaga qarasak misol uchun

more than 40 percent of households

40% dan ko’p xo’jaliklar

rely on natural gas for space heating and cooking.

isistish va pishirish uchun tabiiy gazga tayanishadi.

To complicate matters,

Vaziyatni murakkablashtirish uchun,

40 percent of all gas consumed in Europe last year was imported from Russia.

o’tgan yili Rossiyadan import qilingan gazni butun Yevropani 40% i ishlatdi.

So there is a climate imperative,

Shunday qilib, iqlim dolzarb

but also a strong geopolitical and energy security imperative

lekin kuchli geosiyosiy va energiya xavfsizligini ta’minlash zarurati ham

to electrify and decarbonize our buildings

bizning binolarni elektrlash va karbonsizlantirish

and make them as efficient as possible.

va ularni iloji boricha samarali qilish

This doesn't only mean replacing energy supply from a gas pipeline

Bu faqatgina gaz quvuridan energiya ta’minotini elektr liniyasidan

with energy supply from an electric line.

energiya ta’minoti bilan almashtirish emas

And here I reach back to my opening point.

Va men shu yerda mening ochilish nuqtamga qaytaman

We need to look at buildings differently.

Biz binolarga boshqacha qarashimiz kerak.

Not only as great concrete boxes, as I used to do,

Faqatgina katta beton qutilar kabi emas, huddi biz o’rganib qolganimiz kabi

but as potential active players in the energy system.

balki, huddiki energiya tizimidagi potensial aktiv o’yinchilar kabi

So how can we make buildings active?

Xullas qanday qilib biz binolarni aktiv qila olamiz?

Through installing efficient and low-carbon technologies

Samarali va kam uglerodli texnologiyalarni o’rnaatish orqali

such as solar panels,

misol uchun quyosh panellari,

heat pumps, energy storage,

issiqlik nasoslari, energiya saqlash,

making use of smart and digital tools.

aqlli va raqamli asboblardan foydalanish

All technologies we already have,

Bizda bor hamma texnologiyalar

and in many cases their costs are decreasing.

va ko’p holatlarda ularning narxlari tushmoqda

Let me introduce a word we don’t often hear:

Biz odatda eshimaydigan so’zni tanishtirishga ijozat bering

“prosumer.”

Iste’molchi

Think of a building not only as a consumer of energy,

Bino haqida o’ylash faqatgina energiya iste’mol qilish emas,

but as prosumer,

lekin iste’molchi sifatida

both consuming and producing.

ham ishlatish va ishlab chiqarish.

Most buildings can produce at least part of the energy they need.

Ko’plab binolar hech bo’lmaganda ularga kerak bo’lgan energiyani ishlab chiqarisha

In many cases, they can produce more.

Ko’p holatlarda, ular undan ham ko’pni ishlab chiqarishadi

Such buildings already exist in many parts of the world.

Bunday binolar dunyoni ko’p qismlarida mavjud.

In Switzerland, for example,

Misol uchun Shvetsariyada

there is even a single family house

u yerda hattoki yagona oila uyi

that produces 800 percent of the energy it needs.

unga kerak bo’lgan energiyani 800%ini ishlab chiqaradi.

But still, we have a long way to go to make them a common practice.

Lekin hali hamon, buni umumiy amaliyot qilish uchun uzoq yo’l bosishimiz kerak

Besides challenges with improving energy efficiency

energiya samaradorlikni yaxshilashdagi qiyinchiliklardan tashqar

and installing low-carbon technologies,

va kam uglerodli texnologiyalarni o’rnatis

another obstacle is that our electricity networks,

boshqa to’siq bu bizning elektr tarmoqlarimiz

or grids, as we call them,

yoki tarmoqlar, biz ularni ataymiz

were designed to operate

faoliyat ko‘rsatishga moljallangan edi

with large centralized sources of generation, like power plants.

katta markazlashgan avlod manbaalari bilan elektr stansiyalarin kabi

And their design hasn't changed much over the past century.

Va ularning dizayni o’tgan asr davomida ko’p o’zgarmagan

So increasing decentralized

Shunday qilib, markazlashtirilmagan

or distributed, smaller-scale generation,

yoki taqsimlangan, kichikroq ishlab chiqarish,

especially from variable renewable sources like solar and wind,

aynan boshqa turli xil qayta tiklanadigan manbalardan , quyosh va shamol kabi

can really put pressure on existing electricity grids

haqiqatan ham mavjud elektr tarmoqlariga bosim o’tkazishi mumkin

and challenge their stability.

va ularning barqarorligini sinash

So we also need to rethink the way our entire electricity system is designed.

Xullas, biz bizning butun elektr sistemasi qaysi yol orqali dizayn qilinganini o’ylas

Smart grids can communicate to a building

Aqlli tarmoqlar bino bilan bog’lanishi mumkin

through software algorithms and smart controls,

dasturiy ta’minot algoritmlari va aqlli boshqaruvlar orqali

and, for example, send a signal to a connected device,

va misol uchun ulangan qurilmaga signal jo’natish

such as your heating system,

misol uchun sening isitish sistemangga,

to temporarily stop or reduce energy use,

energiya sarfini vaqtincha to’xtatish yoki kamaytirishga

or, if possible, shift it to the time

yoki iloji bo’sa vaqtga o’tkazish

when electricity is more available, cleaner or cheaper.

qachonki elektr ko’proq mavjud, tozaroq yoki arzonroq bo’lsa.

This can really improve the robustness of the electricity network

Bu haqiqattanam elektr tarmmog’ini mustahkamligini yaxshilaydi

and help to avoid, for example, rolling blackouts,

va oldini olsihga yordam beradi, misol uchun aylana qorayishlar

which are becoming more common,

ko’proq odatiy bo’layotgan

while consumers can get paid for it.

qachonki iste’molchilar unga haq olishlari mumkin bolganda

If you have an electric car

Agar senda elektr mashina bolsa

and you keep it plugged in for a prolonged period of time,

va sen uni rozetkaga ulab uzoq vaqt ushlab turasan,

a smart charger can help to find the best time to charge it,

aqlli quvvatlovchi esa senga quvvatlash uchun eng zo’rvaqtni topib beradi

depending on the information from the grid.

tarmoqdagi ma’lumotga bog’liq.

This can help save you money and support the electricity system.

Bu senga pulini tejashga va energiya sistemasini qo’llashga yordam beradi.

It gets even more interesting.

Bu yanayam qiziq bo’lishi mumkin.

Electric cars are essentially batteries on wheels,

Elektr mashinalarning batareyalari asosan gildiraklarida boladi

so they can also be used as energy storage

shunda u energiya xotira sifatida ham ishlatiladi

and dispatch electricity to the home or to the grid

va elektrni uyga yoki tarmoqga jo’natish

at the time of need.

kerak bo’lgan paytda.

A building itself can be used to store energy for some time,

Binoning o’zi bir muncha vaqt energiya saqlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin,

but you need to make it energy-efficient first.

lekin sen uni birinchi energiya samarador qilishin kerak

Potentially you can also get paid

ehtimolli sen haq ola olasan ham

for making your energy storage available

energiya zaxirangizni mavjud qilish uchun

for electricity system to store renewable electricity

elektr sistema uchun tiklanadigan elektrni saqlash uchun

when there is too much of it,

u juda ko’p bo’lganda

for example, when there is a lot of sunshine or wind,

misol uchun, qachonki u yerda ko’p quyosh va shamol bo’lganda

but demand is not high enough to use it all.

lekin ehtiyoj ishlatish uchun unchalik yuqori emas

It's almost like renting your spare bedroom on Airbnb,

Bu deyarli bo’sh yotog’ingizni Airbnbda ijara berishdek

just for hosting electricity.

faqat elektr enegiyasini joylashtiri

Now imagine a future with many, many buildings,

Hozir kelajakni ko’plab mashinalar.

solar panels, electric cars,

quyosh panellari, elektr mashialar,

energy storage, other distributed devices,

energiya xotirasi, boshqa tarqatilgan qurilmalar bilan tasavvur qil

drawing electricity from the grid and supplying electricity back to it.

tarmoqdan elektrni chizish va unga elektr energiyasini qaytarish

Obviously we would need a way to manage all this data efficiently

Shubxasiz, biz bu hamma ma’lumotlarni samarali boshqarishga yo’l topishimiz kera

and in real time,

va haqiqiy vaqtda

make sure that devices interact well with each other

qurilmalar bir-biri bilan yaxshi chiqishishiga ishonch hosil qilish

and are able to communicate to the grid

va tarmoqlarga muloqot qila olish

and optimize electricity demand and supply for the entire system.

va elektr ehtiyojni optimallashtirish va butun sistemaga yetkazib berish.

Virtual power plants,

Virtual elektr stantsiyalari,

digital and intelligent platforms can do just that.

raqamli va aqlli platformalar buni shunchaki qila oladi.

They can aggregate electricity consumption and production

Ular elektr iste’molini va ishlab chiqarishini birlashtira oladi

from many distributed resources,

ko’plab taqsimlangan resurslardan,

make use of local storage

mahalliy xotiradan foydalanish

and manage complex interactions.

va qiyin o’zaro ta’sirlarni boshqarish.

Virtual power plants can also facilitate

Virtual elektr stansiyalari ham osonlashtira oladi

peer-to-peer renewable electricity trading.

peer-to-peer qayta tiklanadigan elektr energiyasi savdosi.

Imagine that electricity that your building produced,

Tasavvur qil sani binoing ishlab chiqarayotgan elektr

for example, from solar panels,

misol uchun quyosh panellaridan

but you don't need at the moment,

lekin sanga bu ayni paytda kerak emas,

you can sell directly to another building that needs it

sen buni to’g’ridan to’g’ri boshqa kerak bo’lgan binoga sotishing mumkin

via an online platform.

online platforma orqali.

A project like this has been running already for several years

Bunday loyiha bir necha yillardan beri amalga oshirilmoqda

in one of the districts in Bangkok

Bangkokni tumanlaridan birida

and is showing benefits to the consumers, the grid and the planet.

va iste’molchi,tarmoq va planetaga foydalarini ko’rsatmoqda.

There are other pilot projects like this in different countries,

boshqa davlatlardagi shunga o’xshash tajriba loyihalar bor

but for them to scale,

lekin ular miqyosi uchun,

our policy frameworks and electricity market design

bizning siyosatimiz va elektr bozori dizayni

need to undergo substantial changes.

muhim o’zgarishlar o’tkazishi kerak

Our buildings need to become more efficient

Bizning binolar sifatliroq bo’lishi kerak

and grids need to evolve into smarter managers

va tarmoqlar aqlliroq boshqaruvchilarga o’zgarishlari kerak

of distributed energy resources.

taqsimlangan energiya resurslarini

It's a dramatic shift.

Bu katta siljish

It's like going from all-television world with a single broadcaster

Bu butun televidenie olamidan bitta eshittirishga ega bo’lmoqchi

to a new, connected world

yangi va bog’langan dunyoga

where everyone can generate and share their own content.

qayerki hamma o’zini kontentini hosil qila va tarqata oladi.

Remember that building I grew up in?

Men ulg’aygan bino esizdami?

You might be surprised,

Siz hayratlanishingiz mumkin,

but during winter, it would often get too hot inside the apartment,

lekin qish davomida kvartirani ichi ko’pincha o’ta darajada issiq bo’lar edi,

even if it was -30 outside.

tashqari -30* bo’lishiga qaramay.

It was because of highly inefficient central heating system,

U juda samarasiz markaziy isitish sistemas tufayli edi,

which we couldn't control or do anything about.

qayski biz qaysidir narsani boshqara yoki qilolmas edik

So we did this.

Xullash biz uni qildik.

Yes. We had to open the windows to get some fresh air and more comfort.

Ha. Biz biz toza havo va ko’proq qulaylik olish uchun oynani ochishimiz kerak edi.

Now I want to take you to my current flat in Paris,

Hozir Men sizni hozirgi Parijdagi kvartiramga olib bormoqchiman

where I have tiny but very smart boxes attached to my electric heaters,

qayerki menda kichik lekin juda aqlli elektr isitishga ulangan quti bor

which can automatically turn them on and off,

qaysiki uni avtomat ravishta o’chira va yoqa olish,

maintaining comfortable temperatures,

qulat temperaturani saqlash,

lowering my energy bills and providing flexibility to the grid.

meni energiya to’lovlarimni pasaytirish va tarmoqqa moslashuvchanlikni ta’minlash

And I can control all that on my smartphone.

Va meni smartfonimdagi hamma narsani boshqara olaman.

The technologies -- that we have.

Bizda bor texnologiyalar.

Now we need the policies, the investments, the will --

Endi bizga siyosat, investitsiyalar, iroda kerak

and a new way to look at buildings not just passive users of energy,

va nafaqat passiv energiy foydalanuvchlari balki binolarga qarashning yangi usuli

but as active players in the energy system.

lekin energiya sistemasidagi aktiv o’yinchi sifatida

Buildings that can consume and produce energy efficiently,

Binolar energiyani samarali iste’mol qila va ishlab chiqara oladi

interact with a smart grid and respond to its signals,

aqlli tarmoq bilan o’zaro ta’sir qilish va uning signallariga javob berish,

providing flexibility and bringing us closer to our climate targets.

moslashuvchanlikni ta’minlaydi va bizni iqlim maqsadlarimizga yaqinroq qiladi

Thank you.

Rahmat

(Applause)

(Qarsak)