The Blind Spots of the Green Energy Transition | Olivia Lazard | TED

267,664 views ・ 2022-08-19

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jaewook Seol κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:03
Hi.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:05
It's about as intimidating as I thought it would be.
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λ”± μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ 만큼 λ–¨λ¦¬λ„€μš”.
00:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:10
And yet you’d think or I’d think
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜ μ €λ‚˜
00:13
that I'd be accustomed to more stressful situations.
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μ œκ°€ μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€κ°€ 더 큰 상황에 μ΅μˆ™ν•  거라고 생각할 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:16
You see, I work in international security and in conflict resolution.
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μ €λŠ” ꡭ제 μ•ˆλ³΄ 및 λΆ„μŸ ν•΄κ²° λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
And today, I'm here to talk about some of our blind spots
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™” μš΄λ™κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 맹점듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŸ¬ μ™”μ–΄μš”.
00:25
related to decarbonization.
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00:28
Now, what does one have to do with the other, you may ask.
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그런데 그것듀이 μ„œλ‘œ 무슨 상관인지 물어보싀지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”.
00:31
Good question.
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쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
00:34
We often hear that a climate-safe future is a necessary condition for peace.
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κΈ°ν›„κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ ν‰ν™”μ˜ ν•„μš” 쑰건이라고 ν”νžˆ λ“£μ£ .
00:41
That's true.
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그건 μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
We also often hear that renewables could be the energy of peace.
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μž¬μƒ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ ν‰ν™”μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 말도 자주 λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Less true.
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κΌ­ κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
To understand, I need to tell you about the materials that we need
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄,
νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
in order to decarbonize.
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00:57
They're pretty.
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μ˜ˆμ˜μ§€λ§Œ 치λͺ…적일 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:58
And they can be deadly.
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01:00
Looking into their story tells us that confronting conflict
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κ·Έ μžμ›λ“€μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό κ°€λ§Œνžˆ λ“€μ–΄ 보면
λΆ„μŸμ— λ§žμ„œκ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ ꡭ제 평화λ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜λŠ” 게
01:04
and building new forms of international peace
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01:06
are going to be critical foundations to build a climate-safe future.
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κΈ°ν›„κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 결정적일 κ±°λž€ κ±Έ 말해 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
So let me tell you about them,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 이 μžλ¦¬λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έ μžμ›λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 말씀 λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
starting with where we stand now.
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01:15
When we talk about a decarbonized future,
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”λœ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  λ•Œ
01:18
we generally have in mind the possibility of decoupling economic growth
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보톡 마음 μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것은
μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ 배좜과 경제 μ„±μž₯을 뢄리할 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
from greenhouse gas emissions.
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01:24
That’s what we call β€œgreen growth.”
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κ·Έκ±Έ β€˜λ…Ήμƒ‰ μ„±μž₯’이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄μ£ .
01:27
What we tend to think about less often is that to get there
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보톡 κ°„κ³Όν•˜λŠ” 점은, 그것을 λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
01:31
we need to recouple economic growth with intensive mineral extraction.
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κ΄‘λ¬Ό λŒ€λŸ‰ 채취와 경제 μ„±μž₯을 λ‹€μ‹œ 연관지어야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:38
To harness renewables or renewable energy like the sun and the wind,
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νƒœμ–‘μ΄λ‚˜ λ°”λžŒκ³Ό 같은 μž¬μƒ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄
01:43
we obviously need to build technologies such as solar panels,
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν‚€μ›Œμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
νƒœμ–‘ 전지 νŒμ΄λ‚˜ 풍차, 배터리 같은 것듀 말이죠.
01:46
windmills, batteries, right?
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그런 κ±Έ λ§Œλ“€λ €λ©΄,
01:49
And to build those,
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01:50
we need to mine huge quantities of non-renewable materials
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μž¬μƒ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ„ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 많이 채꡴해야 ν•˜κ³ μš”.
01:55
such as these.
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이런 것듀 말이죠.
01:57
Knowing that it takes mines as big as these
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이만큼 큰 광산듀이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό
02:01
to produce that much amount of usable material.
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μœ μš©ν•œ μžμ›μ„ 그만큼 생산할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Our ticket to green growth, in other words,
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즉, 녹색 μ„±μž₯을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 우리의 선택은
02:09
is digging deep in the environment.
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ν™˜κ²½μ„ κΉŠμˆ™νžˆ νŒŒν—€μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Now we know that mining can have grave impacts
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ” 채꡴이 지역 μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ
02:16
for local ecosystems and populations.
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ•…μ˜ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
I’ve seen it myself, and it really isn’t pretty.
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μ €λŠ” 직접 κ·Έ 광경을 λ΄€λŠ”λ° 보기 쒋은 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ 정말 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
02:22
But what I want to talk about today
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 였늘 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 건
02:24
is about how much and where we’re going to have to dig,
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μ–Όλ§ˆνΌ, 또 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ 채꡴해야 할지,
02:27
and what that means for planetary security and for geopolitics.
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그리고 그게 세계 μ•ˆμ „κ³Ό μ§€μ •ν•™μ—μ„œ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” 뭔지에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
I'll start from there.
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그럼 κ±°κΈ°μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
History tells us
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μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ£Όμš” μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μ΄ λ°”λ€” λ•Œ
02:34
that when the dominant source of energy changes,
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02:37
power relations change as well.
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μ„Έλ ₯ 관계 μ—­μ‹œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
Countries that can transform energy to their own advantage,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ΄λ“μœΌλ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
02:43
can gain the upper hand economically and politically,
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경제적, μ •μΉ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μš°μœ„λ₯Ό 점할 수 있고
02:46
and then can put themselves at the center of the global order.
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그러면 ꡭ제 μ§ˆμ„œμ˜ 쀑심에 μ„€ 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Think of the United Kingdom and coal, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 영ꡭ과 석탄을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:51
or how oil determined the ascendance of the US to a global superpower.
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ν˜Ήμ€ 미ꡭ이 세계 μ΄ˆκ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ— 였λ₯Ό λ•Œ μ„μœ μ˜ 역할을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:56
What that tells us is that the access to
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이게 λ§ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 점은, μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό νšλ“ν•˜κ³  κ°€κ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은
02:59
and processing of energy
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03:00
literally materializes into the ability to shape geopolitical power dynamics.
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 지정학적 μ—­ν•™ 관계λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯으둜 κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
And today,
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ ,
03:08
we're facing the challenge of implementing the biggest energy transition
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 인λ₯˜ 역사상
κ°€μž₯ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ˜ μ‹€ν–‰μ΄λΌλŠ” κ³Όμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
in the history of humankind
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κΈ°ν›„ μ‹œκ³„κ°€ λ˜‘λ”±κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” 와쀑에 말이죠.
03:14
under a ticking climate clock.
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03:17
The race is on for a new generation of power.
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ꢌλ ₯의 μ„ΈλŒ€ κ΅μ²΄λΌλŠ” κ²½μ£Όκ°€ μ‹œμž‘λœ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
At the heart of which you have all of the critical materials
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—λŠ” 핡심 μžμ›μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
that we need to decarbonize on the one hand
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄,
03:27
and digitalize on the other.
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또 ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 디지털화에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›λ“€μ΄μ£ .
03:29
So what's happening with them?
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그럼 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
03:31
On the demand side we're at the beginning of an exponential demand curve.
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μˆ˜μš” μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μˆ˜μš” 곑선이 ν­λ°œν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 점에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
If you take lithium as a proxy, a key component for [batteries],
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λ°°ν„°λ¦¬μ˜ 핡심 λΆ€ν’ˆμΈ 리튬으둜 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 보면,
03:39
global production already increased by just short of 300 percent
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ꡭ제 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ€ 이미 거의 300 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
between 2010 and 2020.
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2010λ…„μ—μ„œ 2020λ…„ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μš”.
03:47
I'm going to pause here for a sec.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 잠깐만 λ©ˆμΆ”κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
This is really good news.
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이건 정말 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ΄μ—μš”.
03:53
It means that decarbonization is in motion.
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
03:58
The not so good news is that our "clean" future
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κ·Έλ‹₯ 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ μ†Œμ‹μ€ 우리의 β€˜μ²­μ •β€™ λ―Έλž˜κ°€
μ˜ˆμ „λ³΄λ‹€ 물질적으둜 더 νŽΈμ€‘λœ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ 될 κ±°λž€ κ±°μ£ .
04:02
is going to be more materially intensive than before.
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04:06
If you take a simple measure for it,
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 수치λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄ 보면,
04:08
the International Energy Agency tells us
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ꡭ제 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ κΈ°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
04:10
that with the current level of innovation,
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ν˜„μž¬ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ ν˜μ‹ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
04:12
an electric car requires six times more mineral inputs
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μ „κΈ° μ°¨κ°€ 일반 μžλ™μ°¨λ³΄λ‹€ 광물이 μ—¬μ„― λ°° 더 많이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
than a conventional car.
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04:18
And this is only the start.
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그런데 이건 μ‹œμž‘μ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜μ£ .
04:20
The World Bank tells us that with the current projections,
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세계 μ€ν–‰μ˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ „λ§μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
04:26
global production for minerals such as graphite and cobalt
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ν‘μ—°μ΄λ‚˜ μ½”λ°œνŠΈμ™€ 같은 κ΄‘λ¬Όμ˜ ꡭ제 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ΄
04:30
will increase by 500 percent by 2050,
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2050λ…„κΉŒμ§€ λ‹€μ„― λ°° 증가할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
only to meet the demand for clean energy technologies.
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μ²­μ • μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 기술의 μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ”λŠ” λ°μ—λ§Œ 그만큼이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Now let's look on the supply side.
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그럼 이제 곡급 츑면을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ£ .
04:40
That's where a lot of really interesting things are happening.
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μ§„μ§œ μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 일이 많이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 곳이죠.
04:44
Who currently exploits and processes minerals
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ν˜„μž¬ 광물을 μ±„μ·¨ν•˜κ³  μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” μžλ“€κ³Ό
04:47
and where deposits to meet future demand are located
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미래 μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 광산이 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 곳듀이
04:51
tell us exactly how the transition is going to change geopolitics.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ΄ 지정학 νŒλ„λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 바꿀지 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 말해 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
So if you look at a material such as lithium,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 리튬 같은 광물을 보면
04:59
countries like Chile and Australia tend to dominate extraction
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μΉ λ ˆλ‚˜ 호주 같은 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ 채꡴ 산업을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 편이고,
05:02
while China dominates processing.
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쀑ꡭ이 가곡 산업을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  있죠.
05:05
For cobalt, the Democratic Republic of Congo dominates extraction
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μ½”λ°œνŠΈλŠ” 콩고 λ―Όμ£Ό 곡화ꡭ이 채꡴을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  있고
05:10
while China dominates processing.
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쀑ꡭ이 가곡을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:14
For nickel,
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λ‹ˆμΌˆμ˜ 경우,
05:16
countries like Indonesia and the Philippines
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μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„λ‚˜ 필리핀 같은 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄
05:20
tend to dominate extraction,
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채꡴을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 편이고, ν•œνŽΈ,
05:21
while China, you guessed it, thank you,
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쀑ꡭ, μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ , κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 가곡 업계λ₯Ό μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
dominates processing.
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05:27
And for rare earths,
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희토λ₯˜μ˜ 경우,
05:29
China dominates extraction while China dominates processing.
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쀑ꡭ이 채꡴을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  가곡도 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:34
I've just said China a lot, didn't I?
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μ œκ°€ 쀑ꡭ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ—„μ²­ 많이 ν•œ 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
05:37
Well, that's because China skillfully leveraged
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그건 μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 쀑ꡭ이 μ˜λ―Όν•˜κ²Œ
05:41
its geo-economic rise to power over the last two decades
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„κ°„ 지리-경제적 κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ λ– μ˜€λ₯Έ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ
05:45
on the back of integrating supply chains for rare earths
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희토λ₯˜ κ³΅κΈ‰λ§μ˜ 톡합을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•΄μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
from extraction to processing to export.
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채꡴뢀터 가곡, μˆ˜μΆœκΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
05:54
We tend to point fingers at China today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 가리킀며
05:56
for not going fast enough on its own domestic energy transition,
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μžκ΅­λ‚΄ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ΄ 더디닀고 λΉ„λ‚œν•˜κΈ° μΌμ‘€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:00
but the truth is that China understood already long ago
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사싀 쀑ꡭ이 μ˜€λž˜μ „λΆ€ν„° 이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건
06:02
that it would play a central role in other countries' transitions.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ— μžμ‹ μ΄ 쀑심 역할을 ν•  κ±°λž€ μ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:07
And it is.
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사싀이 κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
The European Union, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 유럽 연합은
06:10
is 98 percent dependent on China for rare earths.
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희토λ₯˜μ˜ 98%λ₯Ό 쀑ꡭ에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
Needless to say,
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말할 ν•„μš”λ„ 없이,
06:17
this puts China in a prime position to redesign the global balance of power.
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이둜 인해 쀑ꡭ은 ꡭ제 μ„Έλ ₯ κ· ν˜•μ˜ μž¬μ„€κ³„μ—μ„œ μš°μœ„μ— μ„­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
Now, you may argue that this is a good thing
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그런데 μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 이게 잘된 거라고 λ§ν•˜μ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
06:25
because the global balance of power needs a rehaul anyway.
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ꡭ제 μ„Έλ ₯ κ· ν˜•μ€ μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  μž¬μ‘°μ •μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:28
And you know what?
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그런데 저도 그건 μ™„μ „ μ°¬μ„±μ΄μ—μš”!
06:29
I can totally roll with that.
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06:32
But -- and this applies to China, the United States,
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λ‹€λ§Œ,
이건 쀑ꡭ이든 미ꡭ이든 μ–΄λŠ κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ—λ“  μ μš©λ˜λŠ”λ°,
06:36
and any other big player --
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06:39
we need to make sure that the redesigning process
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κ·Έ μž¬μ„€κ³„ 과정이 μΈκΆŒμ΄λ‚˜ μ—΄λ¦° μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό
06:41
doesn't compromise on human rights or open societies.
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μΉ¨ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°λž€ 것과,
06:46
And that it doesn't lead to the weaponization of supply chains
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곡급망을 λ¬΄κΈ°ν™”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°λž€ κ±Έ 보μž₯ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
at a time of international instability, and more importantly,
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μ§€κΈˆ 같은 ꡭ제 λΆˆμ•ˆμ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ—, 그리고 무엇보닀,
06:52
at a time of complete climate breakdown.
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μ™„μ „ν•œ κΈ°ν›„ λΆ•κ΄΄μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ— λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
06:56
Unfortunately, we're already seeing signs of this happening.
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, 이미 이런 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ 보이고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:02
China is currently trying to gain access to more mineral resources
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쀑ꡭ은 ν˜„μž¬ κ΄‘λ¬Ό μžμ›μ„ 더 많이 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
μΌλŒ€μΌλ‘œ μ „λž΅μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ• μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
through its Belt and Road Initiative.
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07:08
The United States and Europe
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μœ λŸ½μ€ λ‘˜ λ‹€
07:10
are both thinking of reshoring critical mining
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μ£Όμš” 채꡴ 및 가곡 거점을
07:14
and processing
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λ‹€μ‹œ 자ꡭ λ‚΄λ‘œ κ°€μ Έμ˜€κ³ 
07:15
and orienting some of their international partnerships
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더 λ§Žμ€ κ΄‘λ¬Ό μžμ›μ— 접근을 μš©μ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³ 
07:19
to facilitate access to more mineral resources.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ ꡭ제 동맹 관계듀을 μ‘°μ •ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
Japan is exploring some of its oceanic marine reserves
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일본은 μžμ‹ μ˜ ν•΄μ–‘ 보호 ꡬ역듀을 νƒμ‚¬ν•΄μ„œ
μ „λž΅ λΉ„μΆ•κ³ λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ € ν•˜κ³  있죠.
07:29
to build strategic reserves.
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07:33
I'm also speaking in the shadow of a war on the European continent.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 쀑에도 유럽 λŒ€λ₯™μ—λŠ” μ „μŸμ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όμžκ°€ λ“œλ¦¬μ›Œμ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
Now at first sight,
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그런데 μ²«λˆˆμ— 봀을 λ•Œμ—”
07:41
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has nothing to do with what I've been talking about.
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ˜ μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜ μΉ¨λž΅μ€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§ν•œ 것과 아무 상관 μ—†μ–΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
But Ukraine happens to be mineral rich.
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그런데 μ•Œκ³  보면 μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜λŠ” 광물이 ν’λΆ€ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
It also happens to be one of only two countries
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또 μ•Œκ³  보면 μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” μ›μžμž¬ 곡급망을
07:55
that had struck a partnership with the European Union
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κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ³€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 유럽 μ—°ν•©κ³Ό 제휴λ₯Ό μ²΄κ²°ν•œ
07:58
to diversify and develop supply chains for critical raw materials.
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λ”± 두 λ‚˜λΌ 쀑 ν•œ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
That partnership was specifically designed to help the EU decarbonize
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κ·Έ μ œνœ΄λŠ” 유럽 연합이 νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ„μšΈ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ„€κ³„λμœΌλ©°
08:07
and in the process to better integrate with Ukraine
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유럽 연합은 μ •μΉ˜μ , 경제적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ
08:09
from a political and economic perspective.
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μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ™€μ˜ 톡합에 λ°•μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 과정에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
Eight months after the partnership was struck,
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μ œνœ΄κ°€ 체결된 지 8κ°œμ›” 후에
08:16
the invasion took place.
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침랡이 μžν–‰λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
Now, mineral resources may not explain everything about the war.
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κ΄‘λ¬Ό μžμ›μ΄ μ „μŸμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ±Έ μ„€λͺ…해쀄 순 μ—†κ² μ£ .
08:23
But they certainly can't be ignored in analyzing the events.
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그런데 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ κ·Έ 사건을 뢄석할 λ•Œ 이λ₯Ό κ°„κ³Όν•΄μ„  μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
Because when it comes to the race for critical raw materials,
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μ£Όμš” μ›μžμž¬λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ κ²½μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ§„μ§œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일은
08:30
what's actually happening
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08:32
is that we're headed right back into a new scramble for resources,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μžμ› μŸνƒˆμ „μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ 곧μž₯ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
at the heart of which you find all of the big players
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ°•λŒ€κ΅­λ“€μ΄
08:40
eyeing countries with vast mineral deposits.
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λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μžμ›μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ— λˆˆλ…μ„ 듀이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
And yet it's so obvious many of these countries that are located,
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그런데 또 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 것은
κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€ 쀑 λ§Žμ€ 곳듀이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ‚˜
08:47
for the most part, in Africa,
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08:49
in Latin America, in Central Asia and in the Indo-Pacific.
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라틴 아메리카, 쀑앙 μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€ μΈλ„νƒœν‰μ–‘μ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
Economists will tell you that this is a great thing,
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κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ€ 잘된 일이라고 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
because these countries, or at least a lot of them,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이런 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€, 적어도 그쀑 λ§Žμ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
09:00
need economic resources and many,
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자ꡭ의 개발과 κΈ°ν›„ 적응을 κ°€μ†ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
09:03
to accelerate their development pathway and climate adaptation.
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경제적 μžμ›μ΄ 많이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
09:08
But.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
09:10
Many of these countries also have very real overlapping risk profiles.
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이듀 κ΅­κ°€ 쀑 λ‹€μˆ˜μ—λŠ”
λ˜ν•œ 맀우 μ‹€μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ€‘μ²©λ˜λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
The International Institute for Sustainable Development
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ꡭ제 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ 개발 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ
09:20
first produced this map back in 2018.
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2018년에 처음으둜 이 지도λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
Can you see the green dots on the map?
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μ§€λ„μ—μ„œ μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰ 점듀이 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
09:26
They represent all of the different materials
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κ·Έ 점듀은 νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μžμ›λ“€κ³Ό,
09:28
that we need in order to decarbonize,
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09:31
their geographic location and their deposit size.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 지리적 μœ„μΉ˜, 맀μž₯λŸ‰μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
As it so happens, a lot of the deposits are located in countries
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그런데 λ§Žμ€ 맀μž₯λŸ‰μ΄
λΆ€νŒ¨ μ§€μˆ˜μ—μ„œ κ½€ 높은 μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ— μžˆλ„€μš”.
09:39
that rank fairly high on corruption indices.
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09:42
They are represented essentially by the shades of brown and red on the map.
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κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€ 이 μ§€λ„μ—μ„œ
기본적으둜 κ°ˆμƒ‰κ³Ό μ μƒ‰μ˜ 음영으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And as it so happens,
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또 μ•Œκ³  λ³΄λ‹ˆ,
09:53
a lot of the materials are also located in countries that are fragile,
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λ§Žμ€ μžμ›λ“€μ΄ μŠ€λ¦¬λž‘μΉ΄ 같은 μ·¨μ•½ν•œ ꡭ가듀에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
such as Sri Lanka,
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09:58
or downright conflict affected, like Myanmar
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λ˜λŠ” λ―Έμ–€λ§ˆμ™€ 쀑앙 아프리카 κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ²˜λŸΌ μ™„μ „νžˆ λΆ„μŸμœΌλ‘œ 점철된 λ‚˜λΌμ—μš”.
10:01
and the Central African Republic.
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10:04
That's not all.
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그게 λ‹€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
The Notre Dame Institute tells us, with this map,
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λ…ΈνŠΈλ₯΄λ‹΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ 이 지도λ₯Ό 톡해 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 것은,
10:09
in which you see, again, some red and orange,
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λ³΄λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ, 빨간색과 주황색이 쑰금 μžˆλŠ”λ°
10:12
that countries that are climate vulnerable
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이듀은 κΈ°ν›„ μœ„κΈ°μ— μ·¨μ•½ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μΈ λ™μ‹œμ—,
10:15
are also the ones that are resource endowed.
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μžμ›μ˜ ν˜œνƒμ„ μž…μ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
And one final thing.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ ν•œ 가지.
10:22
You know those big ecosystems that we need to protect and regenerate
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ꡭ제 κΈ°ν›„ 체제λ₯Ό μ•ˆμ •μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
그리고 믈 μˆœν™˜ 고리λ₯Ό μž¬κ°€λ™ν•˜κ³  생물 닀양성을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
10:25
in order to stabilize the global climate regime?
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10:27
To reboot the hydrological cycle
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λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μž¬μƒν•΄μ•Όν•  이런 큰 μƒνƒœκ³„λ“€μ„ μ•„μ‹œμ£ ?
10:29
and to protect biodiversity?
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10:31
They're also represented in orange and red on this map.
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이런 μƒνƒœκ³„λ“€μ„ 이 μ§€λ„μ—μ„œ 주황색과 λΉ¨κ°„μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
Many of these big ecosystems are located in the same fragile countries
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이런 큰 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 뢀뢄듀이
μ œκ°€ μ’€ 전에 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ 같은 μ·¨μ•½ν•œ ꡭ가듀에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
that I was mentioning before.
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10:42
They also happen to sit on vast mineral deposits.
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이듀은 μ–΄μ©Œλ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 광산듀을 κΉ”κ³  앉아 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
10:47
Changing or eliminating these ecosystems
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ±°λ‚˜ μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 것은,
10:51
through mining, through deforestation or anything else
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채꡴을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ“ , λ²Œμ±„λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ“ , ν˜Ήμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ κ±Έλ‘œλ“ ,
10:55
would undermine planetary security.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
Not just international security.
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단지 ꡭ제 μ•ˆλ³΄λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
Planetary security.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
It's essentially like a perfect storm in the making.
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본질적으둜 총체적 λ‚œκ΅­μ΄ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” μƒν™©μ΄μ—μš”.
11:09
Corruption,
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λΆ€νŒ¨,
11:10
institutional and socioeconomic fragility,
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μ œλ„μ , μ‚¬νšŒ 경제적 μ·¨μ•½μ„±,
11:14
climate disruptions and environmental plundering,
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κΈ°ν›„ κ΅λž€κ³Ό ν™˜κ²½ μ•½νƒˆ,
11:17
all acting as a backdrop
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이 λͺ¨λ“  일듀을 배경에 κΉ”κ³ 
11:19
to a competition to gain access to the minerals
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 광물듀을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” 경쟁이 νŽΌμ³μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
that we need in order to decarbonize.
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11:23
All of these factors will be magnified
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μžμ› μŸνƒˆμ „μ— ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
이 λͺ¨λ“  μš”μΈλ“€μ€ ν™•λŒ€λ˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
if we don't rein in the scramble for resources.
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11:30
All of them will reinforce one another.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
And I want to make something very clear here.
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또 μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 짚고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:37
The countries at the heart of the resource scrambling
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μžμ› μŸνƒˆμ „μ˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ” ꡭ가듀이
11:39
may suffer the most direct consequences
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κ°€μž₯ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 고톡을 받을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
in terms of their ability to develop, to adapt to climate change
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이듀 ꡭ가듀이 λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³ , κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 μ μ‘ν•˜κ³ 
11:44
and to avoid violence.
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폭λ ₯을 ν”Όν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ œν•œλ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
But their fate is not isolated.
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그런데 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 운λͺ…은 동떨어져 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
11:51
Their problems are not geographically distant.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ§€λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ¨Έλ‚˜λ¨Ό λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
11:55
Our big blind spot here
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 우리의 μ»€λ‹€λž€ 맹점은
νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™” κ²½λ‘œκ°€ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€λŠ” λ°©ν–₯이
11:57
is that we're headed towards a decarbonization trajectory
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12:01
that may end up undermining ecological integrity
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κ²°κ΅­ μƒνƒœμ  완전성을 λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬κ³ 
12:04
and heighten the risks of conflict and insecurity
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λΆ„μŸκ³Ό μ•ˆλ³΄ λΆˆμ•ˆμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ λ†’μ—¬μ„œ
12:08
whose consequences would reverberate worldwide.
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ „ 세계에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  κ±°λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
I know that this is not a particularly encouraging picture.
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저도 이게 기운 λΉ μ§€λŠ” κ·Έλ¦Όμ΄λž€ κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
And that it comes on top of layers of pictures
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ 겹의 기운 λΉ μ§€λŠ” κ·Έλ¦Όλ“€ μœ„μ— 더해진 κ±°λž€ κ²ƒλ„μš”.
12:21
that are not particularly encouraging.
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12:25
Our modern economies have advanced and grown for two centuries
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ν˜„λŒ€ κ²½μ œλŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 2 μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μ„±μž₯ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
through the gigantic blind spot of fossil fuel exploitation
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화석 μ—°λ£Œ 채꡴과 λœ»ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ”°λΌμ˜¨ κ²°κ³Όλ“€μ˜
12:32
and its unintended consequences.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 맹점을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
12:35
The big lesson here
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 큰 κ΅ν›ˆμ€
12:36
is that we can't afford to just shift to a different set of energies,
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λœ»ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ™Έλ©΄ν•˜κ³ 
κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‚˜ 기술, μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ
12:42
technologies and materials
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12:43
without paying attention to the unintended consequences.
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μ „ν™˜ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
The stakes are too high.
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κ±Έλ¦° 게 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
They involve our future.
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우리의 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ κ±Έλ¦° μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
That we know.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό.
12:54
But they also involve our humanity.
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그런데 우리 인λ₯˜κ°€ κ±Έλ¦° 일이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
And they involve our nature,
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또 우리의 μžμ—°μ΄ κ±Έλ € μžˆκ³ μš”.
13:01
by which I mean the nature that we choose for ourselves.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ„ νƒν•œ μžμ—° λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
Decarbonization is the way forward.
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”λŠ” μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ κΈΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
There’s not one single doubt allowedd about this.
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여기에 λŒ€ν•΄ 일말의 μ˜μ‹¬λ„ ν—ˆμš©λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
But the way forward also demands of us
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그런데 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 길이 λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
13:18
that we start imagining our future beyond decarbonization already.
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™” μ΄ν›„μ˜ 우리 미래λ₯Ό 이미 μƒμƒν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
Remember what I said at the beginning?
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μ œκ°€ μ²˜μŒμ— μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆλ˜ κ±° κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
13:26
A climate-safe future is a necessary condition for peace.
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κΈ°ν›„λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λ―Έλž˜λŠ” 평화λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•„μš” μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°μš”.
13:30
But we won't achieve a climate-safe future without peace.
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그런데 평화 μ—†μ΄λŠ” κΈ°ν›„λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
13:36
And to build peace,
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그리고 평화λ₯Ό μ΄λ£©ν•˜λ €λ©΄
13:37
we need to shake things up in international politics
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ꡭ제 μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό 뒀흔듀고
13:39
and in the way that we do business and economics.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό 경제λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 뒀흔듀어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
So where do we start?
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그럼 μ–΄λ””μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν• κΉŒμš”?
13:44
I'd like to offer the scaffolding of a plan in four different baskets.
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μ œκ°€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ„€ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ κ³„νšμ˜ 골자λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
First, science.
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첫째, κ³Όν•™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
Science can tell us exactly where it is safe to mine and where it isn't,
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과학은 μƒνƒœν•™μ  κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–€ 곳이 μ±„κ΅΄ν•˜κΈ° μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³ 
μ–΄λ–€ 곳이 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
from an ecological perspective.
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13:56
Where it is not safe to mine,
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채꡴에 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ”
13:58
we need to act as though these minerals did not exist
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마치 거기에 그런 광물듀이 μ—†λŠ” λ“― 행동해야 ν•˜λ©°,
14:02
and establish protected areas
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채꡴ ν—ˆκ°€κ°€ λ‚  수 μ—†λŠ” 보호 ꡬ역을 μ„€μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:04
under which no mining licensing can take place.
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14:08
Where mining does take place,
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채꡴이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ”
14:10
we can integrate socioeconomic
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μ‚¬νšŒ 경제적, μƒνƒœμ  μž¬μƒμ΄ ν†΅ν•©λœ
14:13
and ecological regeneration within business models.
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사업 λͺ¨λΈμ„ ꡬ좕할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
Second, a global public good regime.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, ꡭ제 곡읡 μ²΄μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:20
If decarbonization is a matter of human survival,
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λ§Œμ•½ νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”κ°€ 인λ₯˜ μƒμ‘΄μ˜ 문제라고 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
14:24
then the materials that we need in order to decarbonize
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νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›λ“€μ€
14:26
should be managed collectively under a global public good regime.
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ꡭ제 곡읡 체제 ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ§‘λ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ 관리해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
The alternative is conflict and planetary breakdown.
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그게 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λΆ„μŸκ³Ό μ „ 지ꡬ적 뢕괴일 뿐이죠.
14:37
So while we figure out exactly how to design this regime,
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 체제λ₯Ό 섀계할지 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
14:41
the countries at the heart of the scramble for resources
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μžμ› μŸνƒˆμ „μ˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
14:43
should receive adequate support,
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μ μ ˆν•œ 지지λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:45
competent and coherent support
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경쟁λ ₯있고 일관적인 지지λ₯Ό 톡해
14:48
to face off the joint challenges of geopolitical competition
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그듀이 지정학적 경쟁과 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” κΈ°ν›„ κ΅λž€μ΄λΌλŠ”
14:52
and climate disruptions on the other hand.
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κ³΅λ™μ˜ κ³Όμ œμ— ν•¨κ»˜ λ§žμ„œλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
In other words, investing into conflict resolution,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말해, λΆ„μŸ 해결에 νˆ¬μžν•˜κ³ 
14:57
into the fight against corruption
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λΆ€νŒ¨ 척결에 νˆ¬μžν•˜κ³ 
15:01
and into context-specific resilience,
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ νšŒλ³΅νƒ„λ ₯성에 νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것이
15:03
should be top priorities of our global energy transition.
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ꡭ제 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ—μ„œ μ΅œμš°μ„ μˆœμœ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:08
Third,
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μ…‹μ§Έ,
15:10
changing the way that we do business and economics.
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사업과 경제λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:13
We can't just switch from one energy system to another.
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ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 걸둜 κ·Έλƒ₯ λ°”κΏ€ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
I've made that pretty clear, right?
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κ·Έ 점은 μ œκ°€ κ½€ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
15:18
What we need instead
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λŒ€μ‹  ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은
15:19
is to reduce our need for energy and for materials.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:24
And that starts with massive public and private investments
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그리고 κ·Έ μ‹œμž‘μ€
λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 곡곡 및 λ―Όκ°„ 자금이 μˆœν™˜ 경제 λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ νˆ¬μžλ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:27
into circular economic models
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15:28
that favor recyclability and material substitution.
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μž¬ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό μžμ› λŒ€μ²΄μ— 쀑점을 λ‘” 경제 λͺ¨λΈ 말이죠.
15:33
Now, here's the thing.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:35
We know that this is a necessary step,
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이게 ν•„μš”ν•œ 단계인 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έκ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
but not a sufficient one.
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15:39
So what we also need to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 또 ν•΄μ•Όν•  일은
15:41
is to develop ecological assessments for supply chains
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κ³΅κΈ‰λ§μ˜ μ˜¨μ‹€ κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
15:44
that account for greenhouse gas emissions,
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μƒνƒœμ  평가법을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
but also for water, soil, biodiversity, material
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그뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ¬Ό, ν† μ–‘, 생물 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±, μžμ›,
μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ°œμžκ΅­κΉŒμ§€ λ‹€ ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
15:51
and energy footprint all at once.
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15:53
Only on this all-encompassing basis
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였직 이와 같이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ΄λ§λΌν•˜λŠ” 기초 μœ„μ—μ„œλ§Œ
15:57
will we understand how supply and distribution chains need to change
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곡급 및 λΆ„λ°° μ‚¬μŠ¬μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
16:01
and therefore how globalization needs to transform.
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그에 따라 κ΅­μ œν™”λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”κΏ€ 것인지 이해할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
Fourth,
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λ„·μ§Έ,
16:09
innovation.
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ν˜μ‹ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:11
All of this can only happen
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이 λͺ¨λ“  일이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ €λ©΄
16:14
if we start shifting our thinking about innovation.
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ν˜μ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 사고 방식을 λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:19
Innovation in our times
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우리 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ ν˜μ‹ μ€
16:21
is about bringing back economic footprint within planetary boundaries.
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경제 ν™œλ™μ„ μ „ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ 되돌렀 λ†“λŠ” 것이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
Anything else, even the coolest of new products,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ ν˜μ‹ λ„, 그게 κ°€μž₯ μΏ¨ν•œ μ‹ μ œν’ˆμΌμ§€λΌλ„,
16:28
if it isn't aligned with that goal, it's not innovation,
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κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ κΆ€λ₯Ό 같이 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
it's business as usual.
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그건 ν˜„μƒ μœ μ§€μΌ 뿐이죠.
16:36
In our little corner of the world,
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ μž‘μ€ λͺ¨ν‰μ΄μ—μ„œ
16:38
my team and I at Carnegie Europe have been working really hard
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μΉ΄λ„€κΈ° 유럽의 저희 νŒ€κ³Ό μ €λŠ” 정말 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ 일해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:41
to identify what regenerative foreign policy looks like
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μž¬μƒμ  외ꡐ μ •μ±…μ΄λž€ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΌμ§€,
16:44
and what it aims for.
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그게 λͺ©ν‘œν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” 무엇일지 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
16:46
There are two things that we know by now.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 건 두 κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:48
One is obvious, we need to tackle fundamental issues
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…ν•œλ°, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ „ 세계적 규λͺ¨λ‘œ
경제 μž¬λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό κ·Όλ³Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€μ²˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
16:51
around economic redistribution on a global scale.
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16:55
The other thing is that we need a geopolitical de-escalation
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” νƒˆνƒ„μ†Œν™”μ™€ μƒνƒœ μž¬μƒμ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό
16:59
around decarbonisation and regeneration.
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지정학적 κΈ΄μž₯ μ™„ν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:03
We've translated that into a concept we've called ecological diplomacy.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” κ·Έκ±Έ μƒνƒœ 외ꡐ라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:08
And we're pushing really hard for the European Union
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또 μ €ν¬λŠ” 유럽 연합을 μ§„μ§œ μ„Έκ²Œ λ°€μ–΄λΆ™μ—¬μ„œ
17:11
to adopt this framework within their foreign policy.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 외ꡐ 정책에 이 틀을 μ±„νƒν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:14
Because if there is one thing that we've understood,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 가지가 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
17:17
it's that ecological integrity is the foundation
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그건 λ°”λ‘œ μƒνƒœμ  완전성이
λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄μ—μ„œ ν† λŒ€κ°€ 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:21
for all types of security.
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17:24
Which makes it the one common denominator
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그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νž˜μ„ 합쳐 μž¬κ±΄ν•  수 있게 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
17:26
that we can work on rebuilding collectively.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 곡톡 λΆ„λͺ¨μΈ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
17:30
And we can manage.
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우린 κ·Έκ±Έ ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
17:32
Truly, I believe that we can.
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μ €λŠ” μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ–΄μš”.
17:36
As long as we shed light on our transition blind spots
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ˜ 맹점듀에 주의λ₯Ό 기울이고
17:41
and take them as our guiding companions
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κΈ°ν›„κ°€ κ΅λž€λœ 미래λ₯Ό 막기 μœ„ν•΄
17:43
to identify what truly systemic,
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 체계적이고 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 평화적이며
17:46
truly peaceful
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ ν•΄κ²° λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ°ΎλŠ” 데에
17:48
and truly safe solution pathways look like
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ „ν™˜μ˜ 맹점듀을
우리λ₯Ό μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄μ€„ λ™λ°˜μžλ‘œ μ‚ΌλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
17:51
for the age of climate-disrupted futures.
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17:55
Thank you so much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:56
(Applause)
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(ν™˜ν˜Έ)(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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