Why Is China Appointing Judges to Combat Climate Change? | James K. Thornton | TED Countdown

86,658 views

2022-03-17 ・ TED


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Why Is China Appointing Judges to Combat Climate Change? | James K. Thornton | TED Countdown

86,658 views ・ 2022-03-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Alvin Choi κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:04
Imagine a world in which China was an environmental leader.
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쀑ꡭ이 ν™˜κ²½ λͺ¨λ²” ꡭ가라고 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:10
That would be a more hopeful world, wouldn't it?
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그러면 세계에 희망이 μžˆμ—ˆκ² μ£ . μ•ˆ κ·ΈλŸ°κ°€μš”?
00:13
When we hear about China,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쀑ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
00:15
we usually hear about human rights, trade disputes, toxic pollution.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 인ꢌ, 무역 λ…ΌμŸ, λŒ€κΈ°μ˜€μ—Ό 등에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
And I'm not here to dispute the news.
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 이런 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λ €λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Instead, what I want to do
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λŒ€μ‹ , μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은
00:24
is share, with you, evidence, based on personal experience,
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제 개인적 κ²½ν—˜μ— 바탕을 λ‘”
00:28
of where China is leading.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 리더쉽에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
ClientEarth, the environmental law organization that I set up,
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μ œκ°€ μ„€λ¦½ν•œ ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈ μ–΄μŠ€λΌλŠ” ν™˜κ²½ 법 집행 기ꡬ가 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
00:35
has a 15-person office in Beijing.
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지사 15개λ₯Ό 베이징에 두고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
We work as trusted partners with the Ministry of Environment.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯ κΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
00:44
We train judges and we train prosecutors in environmental prosecutions.
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ν™˜κ²½ κ΄€λ ¨ 법 집행을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” νŒμ‚¬, 검사듀을 μ–‘μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Let me share with you how this all began.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ’€ 더 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
00:53
In 2014,
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2014λ…„,
00:54
I was invited to Brussels to meet a group of Chinese officials.
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μ €λŠ” λΈŒλ€Όμ…€μ—μ„œ 쀑ꡭ 곡무원듀을 λ§Œλ‚˜κΈ°λ‘œ μ΄ˆμ²­λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
They said they wanted to meet CEOs of Western environmental groups
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그듀은 μ„œμ–‘ ν™˜κ²½ μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 졜고 μ±…μž„μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ£ .
01:03
because they were looking to encourage more environmental groups in China.
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” 쀑ꡭ에 더 λ§Žμ€ ν™˜κ²½ 단체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Shortly after that, I was invited to Beijing
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κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–Όλ§ˆ ν›„, μ €λŠ” 베이징에 μ΄ˆμ²­λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
by the Supreme People's Court, the highest court in the land.
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쀑ꡭ μ΅œλŒ€ 법원인 μ΅œκ³ μΈλ―Όλ²•μ›μ˜ μ΄ˆμ²­μ„ λ°›μ•˜μ£ .
01:17
The judges were working on regulations for a new law
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κ·Έκ³³ νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 규제 λ²•μ•ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
01:20
that would allow Chinese environmental NGOs
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κ·Έ λ²•μ•ˆμ€ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν™˜κ²½ λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬λ‹¨μ²΄λ“€μ΄
01:25
to sue polluting companies,
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μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ 배좜 기업을 κ³ μ†Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
01:27
including those owned by the state.
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κ·Έμ€‘μ—λŠ” 곡기업도 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
They were interested in my advice
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법원은 제 쑰언에 관심을 λ³΄μ˜€κ³ ,
01:33
because of my extensive environmental litigation experience
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μ΄λŠ” μ œκ°€ λ―Έκ΅­, μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ μŒ“μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ²½ν—˜ λ•λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
in Europe and in America.
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01:38
They wanted to know, they said,
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그듀은 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆλ˜ 것은
01:40
what it would take to really make such a system work.
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κ·Έ 법 체계λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
I found myself in a conference room in Beijing
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κ²°κ΅­ μ €λŠ” 베이징에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ–΄λŠ νšŒμ˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ
01:48
with three justices of the Supreme Court
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μ΅œκ³ μΈλ―Όλ²•μ›μ˜ μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ νŒμ‚¬μ™€,
01:50
and senior officials of the Ministry of Environment
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ν™˜κ²½λΆ€ κ³ μœ„ 곡무원듀,
01:53
and the People's Congress, which is the Chinese parliament.
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그리고 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν•˜μ›μ˜μ›μΈ 인민의회 μ˜μ›λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
"Before we get into details," I said, "I want to compliment you.
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μ €λŠ” λ¨Όμ € μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ . β€œλ³Έκ²©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ°•μˆ˜λ₯Ό 보내고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
It is amazing that you are writing a law
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이런 λ²•μ•ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” 게 λ†€λžκ³ ,
02:06
to allow Chinese environmental groups to sue polluting companies,
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쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½λ‹¨μ²΄λ“€μ΄ μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ 배좜 기업을 κ³ μ†Œν•˜κ³ ,
02:11
including those owned by the state.
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그것도 곡기업듀을 κ³ μ†Œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 λ†€λžλ„€μš”.
02:15
This is revolutionary."
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정말 혁λͺ…적인 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
02:17
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:20
The senior judge said, "Mr. Thornton, 'revolutionary' is a big word for us."
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νŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬λ”κ΅°μš”.
β€œμ†νŠΌμ”¨, 혁λͺ…μ μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ’€ κ³Όν•œ 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.”
02:27
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:31
So we laughed.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ›ƒμ—ˆμ£ .
02:33
And in that human moment, I realized I could work with these people.
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그리고 κ·Έ μˆœκ°„, μ €λŠ” 이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 일할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°”λ‘œ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ£ .
02:36
He said, "Consider it a sea change."
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ°”λ‹€μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
So for the next three months or so,
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그리고 κ·Έν›„ 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ,
02:43
my team and I worked very closely with the judges,
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저와 제 νŒ€μ€ νŒμ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό κΈ΄λ°€νžˆ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬
02:45
designing recommendations for how to make the system really deliver
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λ²•μ•ˆκ³Ό 법체계λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ꡬ성해야
02:49
for citizens enforcing the law.
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ 법을 μ‹œν–‰ν• μ§€ μ˜λ…Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
One of the key provisions we worked on involved costs.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쀑점을 λ‘” 것은 λΉ„μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Now, it costs money to bring environmental litigation,
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ν™˜κ²½ 문제둜 μ†Œμ†‘μ„ ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
and what really kills you is,
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그리고 더 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
02:59
if, when you lose, you have to pay the other side's costs,
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μž¬νŒμ— 지면 μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ μ†Œμ†‘ λΉ„μš©κΉŒμ§€ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:03
as you do in the UK.
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:06
We said this was only going to work for the Chinese environmental groups
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½λ‹¨μ²΄μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 달리 μ μš©λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
if, when they won a case,
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만일, ν™˜κ²½λ‹¨μ²΄κ°€ μŠΉμ†Œν•˜λ©΄
03:11
they had all of their costs paid by the polluters,
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μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Ό 배좜 기업이 μ†Œμ†‘ λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:15
but when they lost, they would not have to pay any of the polluters’ costs.
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ν™˜κ²½λ‹¨μ²΄κ°€ νŒ¨μ†Œν•˜λ©΄ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ 말이죠.
03:19
Because, win or lose,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 이기든 지든
03:20
they were asserting the interests of the public at large.
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λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 관심을 끌게 될 ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:24
Three months after that, I found myself back in a meeting in Beijing;
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3κ°œμ›”μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ ν›„, μ €λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ 베이징 νšŒμ˜μ— μ°Έμ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
this time, in the Supreme Court building just off Tiananmen Square.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—” μ²œμ•ˆλ¬Έ κ΄‘μž₯ μ•žμ— μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λ²•μ› 건물 νšŒμ˜μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:32
I was there with the head of the EU-China Environment Programme.
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κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ” 유럽-쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
We were sitting at a white marble table that seemed to be 40 feet long.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 12m도 λ„˜μ–΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 흰색 λŒ€λ¦¬μ„ νƒμžμ— 앉아 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
03:41
Across from us were three Supreme Court judges.
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κ·Έ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—λŠ” μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ λŒ€λ²•μ› νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
A senior judge began the meeting
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λΆ€μž₯νŒμ‚¬λŠ” 회의λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©°
03:47
by saying that they had accepted almost all of our recommendations,
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저희 μ œμ•ˆμ„ 거의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
including the key recommendation on costs.
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μ†Œμ†‘ λΉ„μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ œμ•ˆλ„ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
03:56
So at one stroke,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹¨λ²ˆμ— μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν™˜κ²½λ²• μ²΄κ³„λŠ”
03:57
the Chinese system became friendlier to citizen environmental groups
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ν™˜κ²½λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ λ²•μ•ˆ μ‹œν–‰μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
trying to enforce the law
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04:03
than many countries.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:06
The senior judge then said, "What do you want to do next for China?"
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그리고 λΆ€μž₯νŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œλ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 쀑ꡭ이 ν•  일은 λ­”κ°€μš”?”
04:11
Now on my prior trip,
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μ €μ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œ μ•Œκ²Œ 된 사싀은,
04:13
I had learned that the Chinese had just appointed
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쀑ꡭ은 ν™˜κ²½ 재판 νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ 1000λͺ… λ„˜κ²Œ μž„λͺ…ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
1,000 environment court judges.
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04:19
Now environment judges, specialists, are rare around the world.
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ν˜„μž¬ ν™˜κ²½μ „λ¬Έ νŒμ‚¬, 전문가듀은 μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ“œλ­…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
In Europe, for example, there's just a handful in Scandinavia.
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유럽 μŠ€μΉΈλ””λ‚˜λΉ„μ•„μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 손에 꼽을 μ •λ„λ‘œ 적죠.
04:27
Their idea was that, by appointing all of these specialist judges,
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이 λ§Žμ€ 전문적 지식을 κ°–μΆ˜ νŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μž„λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 생각은,
λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ ν™˜κ²½ 문제 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ„ λ“£κ³ 
04:31
they would hear a vast volume of cases
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04:33
and raise the quality of the rule of law for the environment in China quickly.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ ν™˜κ²½ λ²•μΉ˜μ˜ μ–‘μ§ˆμ„ μƒμŠΉμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
"So," I said, "you might want to train those judges."
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ . β€œμ΄ νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ κ΅μœ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
04:44
They then asked us to train the judges.
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그듀은 이 말을 λ“£μž μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λΆ€νƒν–ˆμ£ .
04:48
But I had never trained a judge in my life.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ νŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό κ΅μœ‘ν•΄ λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:50
So I said, β€œWhere shall we start?”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ£ . β€œμ–΄λ””μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?β€œ
04:53
"With us," he said.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ§ν–ˆμ£ . β€œμ—¬κΈ°μ„œμš”.”
04:55
"With the Supreme Court?"
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β€œμ΅œκ³  인민 λ²•μ›μ—μ„œμš”?”
04:57
"Yes."
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β€œλ„€.”
04:58
"But what do you want to learn?"
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β€œκ·ΈλŸΌ μ–΄λ–€ 것을 배우고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?”
05:00
"Well," he said, "we want you to come back
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β€œμŒ, μ €ν¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ˜€μ…”μ„œ
05:02
and give us a seminar on climate litigation,
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ν™˜κ²½ μ†Œμ†‘μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…νšŒλ₯Ό μ—΄μ–΄ μ£Όμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
because you're an expert in that."
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.”
05:07
I said, "Gladly, but what's the thought behind your request?"
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μ €λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹Ήμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λ³Έ λͺ©μ μ€ μ–΄λ–€ 것이죠?”
05:13
And he said,
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그러자 κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
β€œWe want to know the best climate change cases in the world,
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β€œμ €ν¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” 사둀λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
because we want to decide some of the best climate change cases
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κ·Έ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” 사둀듀 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό 쀑ꡭ에 μ μš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
05:22
here in China."
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05:24
Now I can assure you that I had never had such a conversation
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μ œκ°€ μž₯λ‹΄ν•˜κ±΄λŒ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λŒ€ν™”λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€λ²•μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•΄λ³Έ 적도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
with the Supreme Court in Washington --
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05:29
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:32
or even London or Paris.
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λŸ°λ˜μ΄λ‚˜ νŒŒλ¦¬μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
05:34
Certainly nowhere other than Beijing.
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베이징 λ§κ³ λŠ” 아무 곳도 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
05:39
So we teamed up with the head of the EU-China Environment Programme
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €ν¬λŠ” EU-쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½κ³„νš μ±…μž„μžμ™€ ν•œ νŒ€μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
to create a ClientEarth office in Beijing.
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베이징에 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈ μ–΄μŠ€ 사무싀을 κ°œμ„€ν•˜λ €κ³ μš”.
05:45
He then organized this training seminar for the Supreme Court,
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그리고 μ΅œκ³ μΈλ―Όλ²•μ›μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜λ₯Ό μ—΄ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν–ˆκ³ ,
05:48
where we discussed trends in climate litigation around the world.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œ 고발 건과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ 세계 동ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜λ…Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
He then organized training sessions
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” μ „λ¬Έ νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ ꡐ윑 ν›ˆλ ¨ κ³„νšμ„ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
for all of those specialist environment court judges.
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05:59
Now more such judges have been appointed in the meantime,
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μ–‘μ„±λœ νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 정식 μž„μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
06:01
and as of today,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 1,500λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” νŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ μ–‘μ„±μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
we've trained more than 1,500 of these judges.
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:08
(Applause)
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06:14
About a year after we started training the judges,
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저희가 νŒμ‚¬ 양성을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  1λ…„μ―€ 지났을 무렡,
06:18
a prosecutor came to our office and said,
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검사 ν•œ λͺ…이 μ‚¬λ¬΄μ‹€λ‘œ 찾아와 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
06:20
"In that law that you helped write,
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β€œμ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ²•μ•ˆ μž‘μ„±μ„ 도와주신 덕뢄에
06:23
we, the prosecutors, got the right to sue the Chinese government
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저희 검사듀이 ꡭ민듀을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•΄
쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό ν™˜κ²½μ  문제둜 κ³ μ†Œν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
on behalf of the people, for environmental matters,
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06:31
and we've never had the right to sue the government before."
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ ˆλŒ€ ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
06:35
ClientEarth, on the other hand, sues governments all the time.
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우리 ν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈ μ–΄μŠ€λŠ” 늘 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€λ‘œ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:39
So they were asking us to share with them
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ 그듀이 μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ μš”κ΅¬ν•œ 것은
06:45
our experience of suing governments.
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μ •λΆ€ μ†Œμ†‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 κ²½ν—˜μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•΄ λ‹¬λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
This was the Chinese federal prosecutors asking us to train them
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쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 검사듀이 μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ
쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ μ†Œν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ•Œλ € λ‹¬λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:53
to sue the Chinese government.
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06:55
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:57
It is the most amazing request I've ever had.
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μ§€κΈˆκ» μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ†€λΌμš΄ μš”μ²­μ€ μ²˜μŒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:01
So, of course, we started working with them.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ €ν¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 방법을 μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
07:04
We've now trained over 1,200 prosecutors in how to bring environmental cases.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 1,200λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜κ²½ λ‹΄λ‹Ή 검사듀도 μ–‘μ„±μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:16
A few months ago, (Laughs)
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λͺ‡ κ°œμ›” μ „,
07:18
we got a letter hand-delivered
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 베이징 κ²€μ‚¬λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 직접 μ“΄ μ†νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
from the prosecutors to our Beijing office.
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07:22
Now what I'm told by my friends in Beijing,
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베이징에 μžˆλŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 듀은 λ§μΈλ°μš”.
07:24
ordinarily, the last thing in life you want to get
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μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ°›κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ€ 것이
07:28
is a letter from the prosecutors.
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κ²€μ‚¬λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 νŽΈμ§€λΌκ³  ν•΄μš”.
07:31
This, however, was a thank-you note,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이건 κ·Έλƒ₯ 감사 νŽΈμ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
and what it said was "Thank you for your cooperation with us.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ“°μ—¬ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
β€œμ €ν¬μ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
As a result of cooperating with you,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•œ 덕뢄에
07:40
we have brought, in 2020 alone,
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2020λ…„μ—λ§Œ 무렀
07:45
over 80,000 environmental cases."
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8만 건의 ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.”
07:48
Audience: Whoa.
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청쀑: 와!
07:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:55
80,000 cases, and the majority of those cases
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80,000 건의 사건 쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
07:59
were brought against government departments.
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μ •λΆ€ λΆ€μ²˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ†‘ κ±΄μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
Now, the prosecutors have set up bureaus all over the country
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ν˜„μž¬, 검사듀은 μ „κ΅­μ μœΌλ‘œ 지뢀λ₯Ό μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
08:08
to keep pushing out this level of cases
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” 이 μ •λ„μ˜ 사건 양을 μ§€μ†μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
08:12
to raise compliance standards throughout the country.
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전ꡭ적 μ€€μˆ˜ 기쀀을 높이기 μœ„ν•¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
Now if this isn't a revolution, it's certainly a sea change.
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만일 이게 혁λͺ…κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 큰 변화라고 ν•  수 있죠.
08:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:23
Now, whenever I talk about China, I'm always asked about coal.
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μ œκ°€ 쀑ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ, 늘 석탄에 κ΄€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
China burns more coal than any other country.
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쀑ꡭ은 λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ 석탄을 μ±„κ΅΄ν•˜μ£ .
08:30
We're working on that.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έ 문제λ₯Ό 닀루고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
Following the money, we've been working, for some years,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” λͺ‡ λ…„ κ°„ μžκΈˆμ„ 좔적해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
with the largest banks and financial institutions in China.
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쀑ꡭ μ΅œλŒ€ 은행과 금육 κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ˜ 자금 흐름을 μΆ”μ ν–ˆμ£ .
08:39
The argument we've been making
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저희가 μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은
08:41
is that coal is simply a bad investment for them to make.
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석탄 산업은 νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 μžμ›μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
Recently, we had a two-day seminar in Beijing
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ €ν¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€ 기관을 μƒλŒ€λ‘œ λ² μ΄μ§•μ—μ„œ 이틀 κ°„ μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
for these institutions,
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08:49
and it was very heartening to see
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κ·Έλ•Œ 무척 감λͺ… κΉŠμ—ˆλ˜ 것은
08:51
that that argument that coal is a bad investment
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석탄에 νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것은 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ λ°©λ²•μ΄λΌλŠ” λ…Όμ œκ°€
08:54
has now been internalized by these institutions
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ—μ„œ 정식 λ…Όμ œλ‘œ μΈμ •λ˜κ³ 
08:57
and taken into their own thinking.
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κ·Έ 문제λ₯Ό μž¬κ²€ν† ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
When it comes to enforcement,
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이 λ²•μ œκ°€ μ‹œν–‰λ˜λ©΄,
09:03
the prosecutors have a new, fantastic opportunity.
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검사듀은 μƒˆλ‘­κ³  κΈ°μƒμ²œμ™Έν•œ 기회 λ˜ν•œ 얻을 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Recently, a government audit
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졜근 κ΅­μ •κ°μ‚¬λ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ§„ 바에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
09:09
found that many of the new coal-fired power stations
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ 졜근 μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 석탄 ν™”λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œλ“€μ€
09:13
authorized in recent times in China
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09:15
were authorized illegally by provincial officials
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μ§€μžμ²΄κ°€ λŒ€μ°¨λŒ€μ‘°ν‘œ ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λΆˆλ²• μŠΉμΈν•œ κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
who wanted to boost their balance sheet.
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09:22
Because these were illegally authorized,
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λΆˆλ²•μ μΈ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μŠΉμΈλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:25
they are a perfect enforcement target.
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ 법 집행 λŒ€μƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
09:29
Now, another major problem is all of the coal-fired power stations
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또 석탄 ν™”λ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 큰 λ¬Έμ œλŠ”,
09:34
that Chinese companies have been planning to build
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쀑ꡭ 기업듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ— νˆ¬μžν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
09:37
outside China, in Belt and Road development countries.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 석탄 λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό 건섀할 κ³„νšμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
So we've been working, alongside many others,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €ν¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμ£ .
09:44
with the Ministry of Environment,
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특히 쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½λΆ€μ™€λŠ”
09:47
to try and figure out how you stop all of those coal-fired power stations
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석탄 λ°œμ „μ†Œμ™€ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈ 가동을 멈좜 방법을 λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ…Όμ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
in the pipeline.
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09:53
And what is wonderful news is that, in September 2021,
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그리고 2021λ…„ 9월에 전해진 ν•œ 가지 λ†€λΌμš΄ μ†Œμ‹μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
09:57
President Xi Jinping, at the UN General Assembly,
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ‹œμ§„ν•‘ 주석이 UN 총회 μ—°μ„€μ—μ„œ
10:01
announced that China would not fund or build
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쀑ꡭ은 더 이상 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 석탄 곡μž₯을
10:05
any more coal-fired power stations outside China.
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ꡭ외에 짓지 μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:14
We also have reason to believe -- and good reason, I think --
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μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ”, 그것을 쒋은 의미둜 보자면
10:18
that China’s own emissions will hit their peaking plateau soon
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ΄ μ‘°λ§Œκ°„ 졜고치λ₯Ό 찍고
10:24
and then will seriously decline before 2030.
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이후 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μƒλ‹Ήν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ½ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
Now, does more need to be done in China?
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그럼, μ€‘κ΅­μ—λŠ” 더 ν•„μš”ν•œ 것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:32
Certainly -- a lot more, and faster,
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μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, ꡉμž₯히 λ§Žμ€ 것듀이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
just like in every other country.
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마치 λͺ¨λ“  λ‚˜λΌμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
10:37
But what I've found heartening
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•œ 가지 희망적인 것은,
10:39
are all of these changes to the system that they've been making in recent years.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  법 μ²΄κ³„μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
All of these environment court judges,
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λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜κ²½ 전문법원 νŒμ‚¬λ“€,
10:46
the tens of thousands of cases,
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μ •λΆ€ λΆ€μ²˜λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€λ‘œ ν•œ 수만 건의 μž¬νŒλ“€,
10:49
many of them against government departments;
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10:51
the Ministry of Environment getting enhanced powers;
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쀑ꡭ ν™˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ꢌλ ₯ ν™•μž₯,
10:54
the largest banks and financial institutions
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λŒ€ν˜• 은행과 κΈˆμœ΅κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ˜
10:58
realizing that coal is a bad investment;
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석탄 산업은 λ‚˜μœ 투자 λŒ€μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 인식,
11:00
the president promising no more coal outside China.
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쀑ꡭ κ΅­κ°€ 주석은 ν•΄μ™Έ 석탄 νˆ¬μžλŠ” λ”λŠ” 없을 거라고 μ•½μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
We work in many countries around the world,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
but I have never seen the intense focus on systemic change
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 전신적인 변화에 이 μ •λ„λ‘œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
moving a country towards environmental improvements
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κ΅­κ°€ 전체가 ν™˜κ²½ κ°œμ„ μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것은
11:19
as I've seen in China.
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쀑ꡭ이 μ²˜μŒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
11:24
I'd like to think that I have given you reasons for hope.
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제 μ–˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 희망을 λ“œλ ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
China has certainly given me hope.
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쀑ꡭ은 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ, μ €μ—κ²Œ 희망을 μ€€ κ΅­κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
(Cheers and applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜μ™€ ν™˜ν˜Έ)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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