Katie Mack: Life-altering questions about the end of the universe | TED

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2021-10-15 ・ TED


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Katie Mack: Life-altering questions about the end of the universe | TED

56,764 views ・ 2021-10-15

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ„±μ€€ μ•ˆ κ²€ν† : DK Kim
릴리 μ œμž„μŠ€ 올즈: μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 케이티, μ–΄μ„œ μ˜€μ„Έμš”.
케이티 λ§₯: κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ΅™κ²Œ λΌμ„œ λ°˜κ°‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
L: 저도 정말 λ°˜κ°‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이번 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 뢄듀을 μœ„ν•΄
00:12
Lily James Olds: Hi, Katie, welcome.
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 생겨났고 그것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
00:15
Katie Mack: Thank you. Thanks for having me.
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00:17
LJO: So happy to have you.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 말씀해주싀 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:18
I would love if, for those of us who are not astrophysicists,
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K: μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
you could return and help us give a little refresher
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사싀은 초기 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” ꡉμž₯히 많이 μ—°κ΅¬λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
on how the universe did begin and how we know that.
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우주의 탄생도 κ·Έλ ‡κ³ μš”.
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:29
KM: Right, right, yeah.
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00:30
So we know actually quite a lot about the early universe,
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그리고 이 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” μ²œλ¬Έν•™μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν™œλ°œν•œ 뢄야인데
00:34
about the beginning of the universe,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 우주의 μ‹œμž‘μ„ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:36
because we can actually see it.
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00:39
And this is the wildest part of astronomy,
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ νƒ„μƒν•˜κ³  μ•½ 138μ–΅ 년이 μ§€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 우주λ₯Ό λ³Ό λ•Œ 멀리 떨어진 μ€ν•˜λ₯Ό λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
that we can see the beginning of the universe.
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00:47
So the universe is about 13.8 billion years old,
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멀리 떨어진 μ€ν•˜λ₯Ό κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 멀어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜€λž˜μ „λΆ€ν„° 이런 이둠이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
and when we look out into the cosmos, we see distant galaxies.
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μ€ν•˜κ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œμ„œ 멀어지고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” 더 κ°€κΉŒμ› μ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:55
And when we look at the distant ones, they're all moving away from us.
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과거의 μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
00:58
And so for a long time, there's been this idea that, well,
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μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ 더 μž‘κ³  뜨겁고 μ‘°λ°€ν•˜λ©°
01:01
if the galaxies are moving away from us now,
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더 쒁은 곡간에 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ­‰μ³μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
they must have been closer in the past.
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이것이 λΉ…λ±… 이둠으둜
01:06
The universe in the past must have been smaller in some sense,
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과거의 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ§€κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ μž‘κ³  고온, κ³ λ°€λ„μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” μ΄λ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
hotter and denser,
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01:11
everything packed into less space.
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1960λ…„λŒ€μ— μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
01:14
And that's the Big Bang theory,
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01:16
the idea that the universe was smaller and denser and hotter in the past.
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이λ₯Ό λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜λŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 증거인
초기 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ 빛을 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
And we got really direct evidence of that in the 1960s
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이λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
멀리 떨어진 μ€ν•˜λ₯Ό κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  λ•Œ
01:25
when we're able to actually see the light
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κ·Έ μ€ν•˜μ˜ 빛이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ‹ΏκΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 걸리고
01:29
from the very early universe.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” μ€ν•˜λ₯Ό 보고
01:30
So let me take one more step back.
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κ·Έ 빛은 10μ–΅ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
01:33
When we look at a distant galaxy,
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01:35
the light from that galaxy takes some time to reach us.
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우주λ₯Ό κ±΄λ„ˆ 온 빛일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 멀리 μžˆλŠ” μ€ν•˜λΌλ©΄
01:38
So we see, you know, we see a galaxy shining.
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01:40
That light might have taken a billion years to cross the space
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빛이 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 100μ–΅ λ…„,
심지어 130μ–΅ 년이 걸릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
우주의 λ‚˜μ΄λŠ” 138μ–΅ 년밖에 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
between there and here.
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01:46
We can see galaxies that are so distant
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
01:48
that the light took 10 billion years, even 13 billion years to reach us,
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빛이 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 138μ–΅ λ…„ 이상 걸리면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
01:53
and the universe is only 13.8 billion years old.
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더 λ¨Ό 곳의 빛을 κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜λ € ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒμš”?
01:56
So what happens if you look at something so far away
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01:59
that the light has taken more than, you know,
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κ΄€μΈ‘μ—λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
more than 13 billion years to reach us?
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
What happens when you try and look at something even farther?
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빛이 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜λ˜λŠ” κ΄€μΈ‘ ν•œκ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Well, there's a limit to how far you can look,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:11
the observable universe,
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빛이 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 150μ–΅ 년이 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄
02:12
and that limit is defined by how long it takes light to travel.
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빛이 아직 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
So if something is so far away
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그런데 μ λ‹Ήνžˆ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:20
that the light would take 15 billion years to reach us,
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빛이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 138μ–΅ 년이 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄
02:23
we can't see it because the light hasn't gotten here yet.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” 빛은 μš°μ£Όκ°€ 막 νƒ„μƒν•œ μ‹œμ μ˜ 빛일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
But if we look at something that's, you know, so far away,
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ νƒ„μƒν•œ μˆœκ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•œ 빛을 보고 μžˆλŠ” 것이고
02:29
the light's taken 13.8 billion years to reach us,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것은
02:32
then what we're looking at is a time when the universe was just beginning.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λΆˆκ½ƒμ΄κ² μ£ ?
이둜 미루어 λ³Ό λ•Œ 초기 μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
02:36
We're looking at the light from the very beginning of the universe
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뜨겁고 밀도가 λ†’μœΌλ©°
02:39
and what we should see, if we look at something that far away,
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우주 전체가 μš”λ™μΉ˜λŠ” ν”ŒλΌμ¦ˆλ§ˆλ‘œ
02:42
is fire, right?
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κ°€λ“ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
So we take this idea
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ©€λ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έκ±Έ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
that the early universe was hot and dense,
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ•„μ£Ό λ’€λ‘œ λ˜λŒλ €μ„œ
02:48
everywhere in the cosmos was, like, filled with this sort of roiling plasma.
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μ „ μš°μ£Όκ°€ λΆˆνƒ€κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆλŠ” κ±°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:53
And so if we look far enough away, we should see it,
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μΆ©κ²©μ μ΄κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ΄€μΈ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
because we're looking so far back in time
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02:58
that we're looking at the time when the whole universe was on fire.
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마이크둜파 망원경을 μ“°λ©΄
03:02
And we do see that shockingly,
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사방에 μžˆλŠ” λ°°κ²½ 볡사가 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
we actually do see that.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ—­μ˜ λ°–μ—λŠ” 열이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
When we use microwave telescopes,
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03:11
we see this background light every direction we look.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이게 μ—΄κΈ°μž„μ„ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 λΉ›μ˜ μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ„ 뢄석할 수 있고
03:14
You know, at the edges of our vision, is this heat, this fire,
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이 볡사, λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œνŒŒκ°€
03:20
and we know that it's heat,
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뜨거운 λ¬Όμ²΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” λΉ›μž„μ„ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
we can analyze the spectrum of the light
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μ–΄λŠ λ°©ν–₯을 보든지
03:25
and we can see that this microwave light,
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03:27
this radiation,
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ©€λ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 것이고
03:28
is the kind of light you get when something is just glowing
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λΆˆνƒ€λŠ” 우주λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
because it's hot.
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03:33
And so we can see that every direction we look,
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그게 λΉ…λ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
if we look far enough away, we’re looking so far back in time
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어났고 λΆˆκ½ƒμ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ”
03:38
that we're seeing a universe that is still on fire.
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•„μ£Ό λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 이야기이며 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
So that's the Big Bang.
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03:43
Exactly what happened, you know, around that time,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
λΆ™νƒ€λŠ” μ‹œκΈ° 이전에 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ νŒ½μ°½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
how that fire got started,
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03:49
that's a whole other very complicated story that we're still figuring out.
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κ·Έ μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” 특이점이 μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—†μ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고 아무도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
So we think that, you know,
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03:54
before the fiery part there was this inflation, this rapid expansion.
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μ™œ κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ νŒ½μ°½ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ νƒ„μƒν•˜κ³  38만 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
03:59
Before that, maybe there was a singularity,
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04:01
maybe not, we don't know.
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04:03
We don't know what started that rapid expansion.
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우주 전체가 뢈길둜 κ°€λ“μ°Όλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
But we do know that for the first 380,000 years of the cosmos,
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이것듀은 κ΄€μΈ‘μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œ 수 있죠.
04:11
it was this sort of,
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L: 정말 λ†€λžλ„€μš”.
λ‹€λ₯Έ μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” 주제둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
all of space was filled with this fire.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 끝이 λ‚ κΉŒμš”?
04:17
And we know that because we can see it.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μš°μ£Όλ‘ μžλ“€κ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ…¨κ³ 
04:20
LJO: It's amazing.
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04:21
Well, let's get into some of the juicy specifics
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정말 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 이둠이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
of how exactly the universe might end.
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μ–΄λ””μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν• κΉŒμš”? νŽΈν•˜μ‹  λŒ€λ‘œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…”λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
I know that you've talked to many other cosmologists yourself
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μ–΄λ–€ 이둠듀이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
K: μš°μ£Όλ‘ μžλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
04:31
and there are a lot of different theories on this.
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04:33
Where do you think we should begin?
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κ°€μž₯ 많이 κ±°λ‘ λ˜λŠ” 이둠은
04:35
Dealer's choice.
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04:36
What's in store for us?
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β€˜μ—΄μ£½μŒβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” μ΄λ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
KM: Well, so the one that is, as far as we know, the most likely,
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제 TED κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ€˜λ˜ μ£Όμ œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ΄λ‘ μ—μ„œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 팽창 쀑이고
04:43
the one that we talk about the most in cosmology, is the heat death.
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μ€ν•˜ κ°„ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 멀어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
So this is what I discussed in my TED Talk,
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팽창 속도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ©΄
04:50
and the idea there is that, you know, the universe is currently expanding.
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μ‘°κΈˆλ„ λŠλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šκ³  였히렀 빨라지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Galaxies are getting farther and farther apart from each other.
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무슨 말이냐면 곡을 μœ„λ‘œ λ˜μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
04:57
When we measured the expansion,
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05:00
it turned out that it was not slowing down at all,
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μž κΉμ€ λŠλ €μ‘Œλ‹€κ°€ κ·Έλƒ₯ 우주둜 λ‚ μ•„κ°€λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
it was actually speeding up.
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정말 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λΉ„μœ μ΄κ³  μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€λŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
And that was like if you throw a ball up into the air,
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05:08
it slows down for a little while and then just shoots off into space.
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μ™œ 이런 ν˜„μƒμ΄ μƒκΈ°λŠ”μ§€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
β€˜μ•”ν‘ μ—λ„ˆμ§€β€™λΌ λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것이 κ·Έ 이유라고 μ •μ˜ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:12
It’s very similar physics,
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05:13
and we didn't have any idea why that should happen.
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암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 무엇인지λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
05:17
So we still don't know why that's happening.
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05:19
We attribute it to something we call β€œdark energy.”
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우주의 νŒ½μ°½μ„ κ°€μ†ν•œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 이 암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:23
We don't know what dark energy is.
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05:24
It's just something that seems to be pushing things apart,
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사싀 λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€...
05:27
making the universe expand faster.
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μ€ν•˜λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ©€μ–΄μ Έ 고립되고 별은 μ™Έλ‘­κ²Œ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
And because of that, it looks like we will end up
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κ²°κ΅­ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ‘‘κ³  μ°¨κ°‘κ²Œ 식어
05:34
with everything, really --
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ—λŠ” κ³΅ν—ˆν•˜κ²Œ
05:37
you know, all the galaxies really isolated,
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05:39
the stars will die away.
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μ°¨κ°‘κ³  μ–΄λ‘‘κ³  μ™Έλ‘­κ²Œ 될 것이라 μ˜ˆμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
The universe will get very dark, very cold.
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이것이 μ—΄μ£½μŒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ°€μ„€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—΄μ£½μŒμ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”...
05:44
And you know, we'll end up with this basically empty,
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05:47
cold, dark, lonely universe.
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λͺ¨λ“  것은 νμ—΄μ΄λΌλŠ” ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
And that's called the heat death.
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05:52
The reason it's called the heat death
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100% νš¨μœ¨μ€ μžˆμ„ 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:54
is because, like ...
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05:56
Everything's decaying into, like, the waste heat of creation.
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마찰둜 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
So, you know, just as you can't have a machine that's perfectly efficient,
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이건 물리의 κΈ°λ³Έ λ²•μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ μ—΄μ—­ν•™ 제 2법칙이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
it'll always lose a little bit of energy through friction.
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λͺ¨λ“  것이 μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό, λ¬΄μ§ˆμ„œλ‘œ λΆ•κ΄΄ν•˜κ³ 
06:09
That's a property of physics in general,
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이것이 물리학 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ—΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
it's called the second law of thermodynamics.
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06:14
Everything sort of decays into entropy, into disorder,
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μ—΄μ£½μŒμ΄λž€ 폐열을 μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  아무것도 남지 μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
and that is called heat from a physics perspective.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가섀을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 일이 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
μ—΄μ£½μŒμ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚ μ§€λŠ” 아무도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
So the heat death is when nothing is left but the waste heat of the universe.
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암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 무엇인지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
Which is part of why it's fun to talk about the alternatives,
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우주의 νŒ½μ°½μ„ κ°€μ†ν•˜λŠ” 이것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
because we don't know for sure that the heat death will happen.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ›λž˜ 우주의 μ„±μ§ˆμ΄ κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
06:34
Partially because we don't know what dark energy is.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” κ·Έμ € νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ” 것일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
06:37
We don't understand this stuff that's making the universe expand faster.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 계속 μ»€μ§€λŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이런 가섀도 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ λ°”λ€” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
Maybe it's just a property of space where, you know,
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06:43
space just has this sort of, expansion built in,
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ μˆ˜μΆ•ν•΄μ„œ β€˜λΉ… ν¬λŸ°μΉ˜β€™κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ“  것이 μ„œλ‘œ λͺ¨μΌμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
and it'll keep going the way it's going.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ” 힘이 점점 μ»€μ§ˆμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
But maybe it's something that changes over time.
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그러면 β€˜λΉ…λ¦½β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” 가섀에 따라
06:51
Maybe it'll turn around and we'll get a big crunch
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암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 더 μ»€μ Έμ„œ
06:54
and everything will come back together.
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06:55
Or maybe it'll become more powerful.
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μ€ν•˜ κ°„ 거리가 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λ©€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:58
And then you end up with something called a β€œBig Rip,”
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μ€ν•˜ 속 곡간이 νŒ½μ°½ν•΄
07:01
where if the dark energy becomes more powerful,
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별과 μ€ν•˜, 별과 행성이 μ„œλ‘œ 멀어지고
07:04
it starts to not just move galaxies apart from each other,
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μ’…κ΅­μ—λŠ” 우주 전체λ₯Ό 찒어버릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
but actually expand the space in galaxies and move stars away from galaxies
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이런 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 우주 쒅말둠을 제 책에 λ„£μ–΄λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
and then pull apart planets and stars
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암흑 μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 무엇인지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ 
07:15
and eventually destroy the entire universe.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
So those are other possibilities that I talk about in the book.
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L: μ‹œμ²­μžκ»˜μ„œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ£Όμ…¨λŠ”λ°,
07:21
Because we don't know what dark energy is,
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07:23
and we don't know for sure what it'll do in the future.
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배싀리 λ‹˜μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
β€œν˜Ήμ‹œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날지 μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄€λ‚˜μš”?
07:27
LJO: I want to open up to some of the questions from the audience.
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μ΄μ–΄μ„œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ 사라진 λ’€μ—λŠ” 무엇이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?”
07:31
Vasily asks,
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07:33
"Have you ever asked the question 'If there were no universe,
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K: κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 쑰금 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 문제인
07:36
what would there be?'
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μš°μ£Όλž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
This leads to the question of what will be after the universe ends?"
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것이라고 μ •μ˜ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:42
KM: So I think that gets into tricky questions
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그러면 더 λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ 질문이 되겠죠.
07:45
of how do you define universe, right?
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λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 말에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것이 λ­κ² μ–΄μš”?
07:48
So you can define universe as being everything,
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07:52
and then it becomes a less clear question.
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무엇이든 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
μ •μ˜μ— 따라 우주의 일뢀가 되겠죠.
07:55
What does it mean for something other than everything?
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우주둠 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
08:00
Then, you know, if there is anything else,
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08:02
it's by definition part of the universe.
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주λ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ”λ°
κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 인간이 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜λ©°
08:06
But one of the ways we often talk about the universe in cosmology,
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λΉ…λ±… 이후 μΆœλ°œν•œ 빛이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 도달할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
is we talk about the observable universe,
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μ•žμ—μ„œλ„ 이야기 ν–ˆμ£ .
08:12
where the observable universe is the part of the cosmos we can see,
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주의 λμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ…λ±… λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ 빛을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
where the light has had time to reach us since the Big Bang.
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μ‹€μ œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
08:20
So I talked about that before.
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£Όλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 클 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
The edge of the observable universe is where we see that Big Bang light.
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” κ·Έμ € μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Ό λ•Œ 그런 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
The actual universe,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μˆ˜ν‰μ„ μ€
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„œ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” κ±°κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λ§Œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
we think extends far beyond the edge of the observable universe.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜ν‰μ„  λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—λ„ μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” 계속 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
The observable universe is just a perspective thing.
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이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 계속 μ΄μ–΄μ Έμ„œ
08:35
It's like a horizon when you're on Earth,
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08:37
you can only see so far because of where you're standing,
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£Όλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 λ©€λ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ 있으리라 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
but the Earth keeps going beyond the horizon.
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08:42
And similarly, with the universe, we're pretty sure that it extends
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주의 μ •λ³΄λ§Œ 얻을 수 있고
κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주만 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
much, much farther than what we can see, what we can observe.
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κ·Έ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ— 무엇이 μžˆμ„μ§€ 아무것도 μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 닀쀑 μš°μ£ΌλΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”λ°
08:51
But we can see the observable universe and we can study,
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08:54
we can learn about the observable universe,
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우주 λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
08:56
and we can't get any information about what's beyond it.
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사싀상 λ‹€λ₯Έ 우주이고
08:59
So, you know, that brings up things like a multiverse,
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μ„œλ‘œ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—­μ‚¬λ‚˜ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μžˆμ„ 수 있고
09:03
where you can have regions of space that are so far away from us
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09:06
that they’re effectively another universe,
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심지어 λ‹€λ₯Έ 물리 법칙이 적용될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ”°λΌμ„œ κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Όμ— λΉ μ Έ λλ‚˜κ±°λ‚˜
09:09
and those regions can have a totally different history,
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09:13
a totally different future,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 운λͺ…을 λ§žμ΄ν–ˆλ”λΌλ„
09:14
different laws of physics even.
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09:17
So, there are possibilities for things that carry on
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 계속될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
long after our observable universe is decayed into entropy
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” 인간이 상상할 수 μ—†λŠ”
더 높은 μ°¨μ›μ˜ μš°μ£Όκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
or maybe meets another fate.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 생각할 수 μ—†λŠ” μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ°©ν–₯이 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
09:30
And there are even possibilities
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κ³΅κ°„μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μΆ•μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬μ™€ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
09:33
where there could be higher dimensions of space,
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09:38
like directions that we can't conceive,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  곡간 λ°©ν–₯κ³Ό 수직인 μ–΄λ–€ λ°©ν–₯ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
you know, space that's separated from us by some other dimension of space,
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 방법이 μ—†λ„€μš”.
09:46
some other direction that we don't, you know,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
perpendicular to all of our spatial directions,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
which I can't sort of envision.
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이 밖에도 더 찾아보면
09:54
But mathematically, that makes sense in some ways.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ 정말 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ μ„±μ§ˆμ΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
So there are those kinds of possibilities.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ±…μ—μ„œλŠ”
10:02
And you know, you can get into really weird stuff
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κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 우주의 쒅말과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 주둜 λ‹€λ€˜λŠ”λ°
10:04
about the nature of space and time
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10:07
with you if you really dig into it.
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그게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ³„μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
But in the book,
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닀쀑 μš°μ£Όλ‚˜ κ·Έ μ™Έμ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성은
쑰금만 λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
I really just talk about our observable universe in terms of the fate of that,
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ 끝날 λ•Œμ— 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ μ§€λŠ”
10:16
because that's all we can really study.
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10:18
I do talk a little bit about the multiverse
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10:20
and the possibilities of other parts of space.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λ‹¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ΄€μΈ‘ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°μ£Όκ°€ νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λ”λΌλ„
10:24
But in terms of what happens when our universe is destroyed,
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κ·Έ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ— 무언가가 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고 없을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
I mean, it depends on how it's destroyed,
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μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯은 μ™„μ „νžˆ μΆ”μΈ‘μ˜ μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
whether there’s, you know, the observable universe is over
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L: 주제λ₯Ό μ•½κ°„ λ°”κΏ”λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
but there's more space beyond it or not.
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비ꡐ적 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ“°μ‹  λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ
10:38
And that's all the realm of speculation at the moment.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ€ μ‹€μ œκ°€ 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ 있으며
10:41
LJO: So I want to switch gears a little bit,
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μš°μ£Όμ— 더 μ‹¬μ˜€ν•˜κ³  더 좔상 μˆ˜ν•™μ μΈ μ‹€μž¬κ°€ μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
10:44
because one of the articles that you wrote fairly recently
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10:48
talked about how time and space might not be real,
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것뿐일 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
10:52
and how there might be a deeper,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ λ§μ”€ν•΄μ£Όμ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
10:54
more abstract mathematical reality to the universe,
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상식을 λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” 일을 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
10:57
and that time and space might just be what we perceive.
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K: 정말 λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ„€μš”.
11:01
Can you tell us more about this?
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이 κ°œλ…μ€ λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 처음 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
How is this possible?
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11:04
Talk about your mind doing backflips.
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11:06
KM: Yeah, yeah, this is really wild.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
So I first heard about this a couple of years ago
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μž…μž κ°„ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©μ„ 계산해 보면,
11:15
where somebody was talking about how,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μž…μž 좩돌 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
11:19
if you do calculations of particles interacting with other particles,
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μ–‘μ„±μžλΌλ¦¬ μΆ©λŒμ‹œν‚€κ³ 
좩돌 ν›„ νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜¨ μž…μžλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  λ•Œ
11:24
like the kind of stuff relevant to particle collider experiments
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계산 방법이 μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
11:27
where you're slamming protons into each other
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이둠 μˆ˜ν•™μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄ κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
11:30
and measuring what happens to the particles that come out,
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11:33
there are ways to do those calculations
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계산을 해보면
11:35
where you can kind of put them into an abstract mathematical format
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기쑴에 ν–ˆλ˜ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ³„μ‚°ν•œ 것과 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κΈ°μ‘΄μ—λŠ” κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” μž…μžκ°€
11:42
and do the calculation.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν–ˆμ£ .
11:44
And then you get the same answer
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11:46
as if you do the calculation the usual way,
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이둠 μˆ˜ν•™μ²˜λŸΌ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ°œλ…μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ λ„
11:48
assuming, you know, it's actually particles moving through space
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계산할 방법이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:51
and interacting with each other in space and time.
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이런 이둠 μˆ˜ν•™ 곡간,
11:55
And since there are ways to do some of these calculations
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ°œλ…μ€ 연ꡬ에 λ„μ›€λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
11:59
without making use of the ideas of space or time,
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이런 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
you just have this sort of abstract mathematical space,
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12:04
it sort of suggests that maybe space and time are not helping you
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλ„ λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” μ›μžλ³΄λ‹€ μž‘μ€ 크기인
μ•„μ›μž 규λͺ¨μ—μ„œ 계산할 λ•Œ
12:09
and not necessary for understanding how these processes work.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
And there is actually a lot that you can calculate in physics
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계산할 λ•Œ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„
같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
at the sort of, subatomic scale,
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12:19
where space and time are not salient variables.
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이런 생각을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ΄
12:23
They're not part of the calculation.
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우주λ₯Ό κ΄€μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 핡심 μš”μ†Œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄
12:25
And you get the right answer when you do that.
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12:28
And that sort of hints at this idea
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μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μƒμ΄λ‚˜ ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ— μ’…μ†λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
12:30
that maybe space and time are not the fundamental things
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κ°€μ •ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³  결둠지을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
that govern how the universe works,
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ν•΄λ‹Ή λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 이둠 λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€λ„
12:36
that you don't have to assume that, you know,
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12:39
everything happens in a background of a space measured by time.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  있으며
κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 물어보신닀면 μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ΄ μ€‘μš”μΉ˜ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것은
12:44
If you talk to the theoretical physicists who are working in these areas
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μ§„μž‘μ— μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ 듀을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:48
and are actually doing these calculations, doing these equations,
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λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“œμ‹€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œμš”.
12:51
they will say things like,
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L: 처음 λ“£λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ„€μš”.
12:53
"Oh yeah, we've known for years
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12:54
that space and time are not fundamental."
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K: λ„€, κ·ΈλŸ¬μ‹€ κ±°μ—μš”.
12:57
And you're like, "Wait, what?"
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더 λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ μƒˆλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” 뢄야라고 ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
13:01
LJO: I missed that memo.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
KM: Yeah, no, totally.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 곡간 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 움직이고 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 λŠλΌμ§€λ§Œ
13:06
And you dig down into it and they say,
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사싀 이 우주의 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
13:08
"Well, you know, maybe they're emergent."
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13:10
Maybe it's like, you know, they're sort of real.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜ν•™μ  κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ
13:12
Like, we live in space, we experience time.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ κ°œλ…κ³Ό λ”± λ“€μ–΄λ§žμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•„μš”.
13:15
But the actual, sort of, fabric of the universe
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κΈ°μ‘΄κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이며 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·œμΉ™μ΄ 적용되죠.
13:20
is some other mathematical space that just doesn't map well
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보면 인간은 μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ...
13:24
to space and time.
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13:26
That's not the same kind of thing, doesn't follow the same kind of rules.
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μˆ˜ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœλœ 결과이며
13:30
But in some sense, you know, maybe we are mathematical,
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ 아닐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이게 더 근본적인 것이죠.
13:35
you know, some kind of instantiation of mathematics
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ 인식과 κ²½ν—˜μ˜ 결과둜
13:38
rather than objects in space existing in time.
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ„ λŠλ‚€λ‹€ 생각할 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
And that's the more fundamental thing.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
13:45
And it's just that because of our perspective, because of our experience,
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그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
we think we see objects in space and time.
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L: κ·Έλ ‡κ΅°μš”.
13:51
In fact, that is not what the universe is really made of.
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그리고 μ‹œμΈμ΄μ‹œκΈ°λ„ ν•œλ°,
곀혹슀럽게 λ§Œλ“€ 생각은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
13:58
LJO: I love that.
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직접 μ“°μ‹  β€˜λ°©ν–₯ μƒμ‹€β€™μ΄λž€ 제λͺ©μ˜ μ‹œλ₯Ό 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
You know, it turns out you are also a poet.
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였늘 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 정말 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ μŠμ€ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
I don't want to put you on the spot, but I'm wondering,
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μ‹œμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λͺ‡ κ΅¬μ ˆμ„ 낭솑해주싀 수 μžˆμœΌμ‹€κΉŒμš”?
14:06
I really love your poem "Disorientation,"
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K: κ·ΈλŸΌμš”.
14:10
and I feel like it states this really beautifully, actually.
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 μΌλŠ”λ°
14:13
I was wondering if you'd be willing to read the last few stanzas?
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사싀 νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ— 올린 κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
KM: Sure, yeah, I can do that.
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μž¬λ°Œλ‹€κ³  생각해 올린 κΈ€μ΄μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 각 κ΅¬μ ˆμ€ νŠΈμœ— ν•˜λ‚˜μ”©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:21
Yes, this was a poem I wrote a few years ago,
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μ œκ°€ 우주λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 잘 λ‹΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:23
and I wrote it as a Twitter thread actually,
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14:25
just because I thought it would be kind of fun.
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쑰금만 μŠμ–΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:28
So each stanza is a tweet.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” κ΄‘ν™œν•˜κ³  λ¬΄μž‘μœ„μ μ΄λ©° λ¬΄μ‹¬ν•œ 곡간이며
14:30
But it sort of encapsulates how I think about the universe.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 우리 인간과 μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μ‘΄μž¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:34
So, yeah, this is the last bit.
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14:36
I want you to believe that the universe is a vast, random, uncaring place
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우리의 μ†Œλͺ…은 슀슀둜의 아름닀움과 의미λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
14:41
in which our species, our world, has absolutely no significance
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μ‚¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 이λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ € λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—λŠ” 무엇이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:46
And I want you to believe
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끝 μ—†λŠ” κ³³ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—μ„œ 온 λΉ›μ—λŠ”
14:47
that the only response is to make our own beauty
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14:49
and meaning and to share it while we can
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μ–΄λ–€ λ°”λžŒμ΄ 담겨 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:52
I want to make you wonder what is out there.
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ν•œ 가지 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
μš°λ¦¬λ„€ μ‚Ά λ™μ•ˆμ€ 진싀을 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
What dreams may come in waves of radiation
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14:57
across the breadth of an endless expanse.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ 의미λ₯Ό 두고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
What we may know, given time,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°μ£Όμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우주의 μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:02
and what splendors may never, ever reach us
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³„μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜ λ³„λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ”
15:06
I want to make it mean something to you.
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우주의 μ‹ λΉ„ μžμ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
That you are in the cosmos.
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15:10
That you are of the cosmos.
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15:12
That you were born from stardust
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15:14
and to stardust you will return.
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L: 정말 쒋은 μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 케이티.
15:16
That you are a way for the universe to be in awe of itself.
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사렀 깊고 쒋은 말씀을 ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
정말 쒋은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
LJO: I love that.
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15:24
Thank you so much, Katie.
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15:25
Thank you for such a thoughtful and engaging conversation.
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15:28
It's really been such a pleasure.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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