How to Stop the Next Pandemic? Stop Deforestation | Neil Vora | TED

35,091 views ใƒป 2023-12-08

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seung Mi Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:08
I have a tendency to overshare when I first meet people.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†์ด ๋‹ค ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
So in keeping with that habit,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‰์†Œ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ
00:14
I wanted to share that I'm a medical oddity.
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์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
00:19
I'm a doctor who specializes in saving forests.
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:25
My journey has been unusual.
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์ œ ์—ฌ์ •์€ ํŠน์ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:26
And through it, I've learned how vital tropical forests are for our health.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
As soon as I finished my internal medicine training,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฐฉํ˜ธ๋ณต์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
I traded in my scrubs for a hazmat suit.
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00:37
I joined the Epidemic Intelligence Service
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ •๋ณด๊ตญ์— ์ž…์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
00:40
at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
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00:43
and for nine years,
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9๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํƒ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
I was a disease detective.
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00:48
I chased outbreaks around the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:51
I trekked through the jungle to research a bat hunting festival.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ ์ถ•์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ธ€ ์†์„ ๋ˆ„๋ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
I even vaccinated raccoons from an airplane.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:57
On most days, it was my dream job.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋˜ ์ผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
01:00
But there were others when what I saw was a nightmare.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•…๋ชฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Like when I went to West and Central Africa
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์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์ค‘์•™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
01:07
to help fight the two biggest Ebola epidemics ever.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋„์™”์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:11
I came back from both of those deployments
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๋‘ ๊ณณ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์™”์–ด์š”.
01:13
with the same feeling.
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01:14
That our reactive approach to public health is inherently flawed.
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
01:20
We focus on preparing for outbreaks
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:22
so that we can respond quickly,
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01:26
but it's rarely that easy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Maybe a virus, like the one that causes COVID,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:31
spreads between people before they know they're sick.
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๊ฐ์—ผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Maybe people choose to not take a safe and effective vaccine.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
And before we know it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
01:40
the outbreak grows into an epidemic or even pandemic.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
In other words, we act as if outbreaks are inevitable.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
If you ask me, this is medical negligence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
01:53
Preparing and responding are critical, no doubt,
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์ค€๋น„์™€ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
but alone, they're not enough.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
This begs the question:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
What if we could also prevent outbreaks before they even begin?
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:07
Well, there's good news.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:08
We can.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:10
And how we do so may surprise you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Some researchers believe the West African Ebola epidemic
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด
02:17
began with an axe.
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๋„๋ผ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Communities in rural Guinea, for their survival,
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๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:23
had no choice but to clear forests for farms.
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์ˆฒ์„ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Then, in 2013,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2013๋…„์—
02:29
an 18-month-old boy died of Ebola.
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18๊ฐœ์›” ๋œ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์—๋ณผ๋ผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
He is believed to have caught the virus from bats
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋†€๋˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
that lived in a hollow tree where he played.
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02:38
Put another way,
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:39
the virus likely spilled over from bats into this boy,
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
02:42
making him patient zero.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ™˜์ž์˜€์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
02:44
From there, Ebola spread,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ
02:47
killing more than 11,000 people in West Africa.
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์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ 11,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Ebola's animal origins, however, aren't unique.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์›์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
All five viral pandemics from 1918 through 2009
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1918๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰์€
02:58
can be traced to animals,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ,
02:59
and the same is likely true for COVID.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Perhaps most concerningly,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์ ์€
03:03
the estimated number of undiscovered viruses circulating in animals
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ค‘
03:08
that could potentially spill over is over 600,000.
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์ „์—ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 60๋งŒ ์ข… ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Spillover is also becoming more common
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
because of what we humans are doing:
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03:17
wildlife trade,
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜,
03:19
industrial-scale animal farms
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋†์žฅ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
and, my focus today,
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03:24
clearing of tropical forests.
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03:27
Changes in the way land is used,
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ํ† ์ง€ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”,
03:29
particularly deforestation,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋Š”
03:31
may be the single biggest driver of new animal-borne diseases.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
There are three key ways that deforestation leads to disease.
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
First, the animals that survived deforestation,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์€
03:42
such as some types of bats,
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03:44
tend to be ones that can live alongside people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
For whatever the reason,
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ,
03:48
these animals often carry germs that can infect us.
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์ด๋“ค ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Second, when people move into deforested areas,
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:55
they come into closer contact with wildlife,
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์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
03:58
creating opportunities to pass germs back and forth.
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Finally, animals are more likely to spread disease
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์–ด์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
04:05
when they're stressed from losing their homes.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:08
To make matters worse,
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:10
the threat of infectious disease is only growing as our planet warms.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์ ธ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Over half of known infectious diseases in humans
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
04:18
have been aggravated by climate change at some point.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
The World Health Organization even considers climate change
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
04:24
the greatest threat to human health we face today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Now, I know what some of you are thinking.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:29
Would anybody really miss these guys?
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
04:31
If we killed the bats, wouldn't that solve our problem?
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?
04:34
Of course not.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:36
And I'm not just saying that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฑ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
because bats are my second favorite group of animals after snakes.
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04:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:42
If anything, we'd just get exposed to more viruses when killing them.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
We also depend upon bats for pollination and insect control.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•ด์ถฉ ๋ฐฉ์ œ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
But there is something we can do right now that would have an immediate impact
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘์—
๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
on health and climate.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
What's more, it'll cost way less than fighting the next pandemic.
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05:02
So what is this solution?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:05
Protecting tropical forests.
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์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
People don't clear-cut forests because it's fun work.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ˆฒ์„ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:11
Corporations may do it to make money in global markets.
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Rainforest communities,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:17
many of which are very poor, may do it too, just to survive.
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05:21
Understanding these dynamics gives us a road map to reverse it.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญํ•™ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
In the early 2000s, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜
05:29
Brazilian government officials monitored forest loss with satellites
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
05:32
and cracked down on illegal deforestation.
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
They returned territory to Indigenous peoples
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด ์˜จ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:37
who have successfully managed the Amazon for thousands of years.
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๊ทธ ๋•…์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Under public pressure,
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
05:42
businesses stopped selling beef and soy
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ๋•…์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€๋‘ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
from recently deforested lands.
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05:47
These efforts paid off.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
From 2004 to 2012,
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2004๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2012๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
05:52
deforestation in the Amazon plummeted by over 80 percent.
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์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋Š” 80% ์ด์ƒ ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Even better, agricultural output increased,
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๋” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ ์€ ๋†์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:00
dispelling the myth that there's a trade-off between forests and food.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
But here's the tricky thing about deforestation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
It's hyper local.
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์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
There's no one-size-fits-all solution.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
That means, above all else, we need to listen.
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
That may sound a little fluffy, but bear with me.
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๋ป”ํ•œ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:22
In Indonesian Borneo,
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š”
06:24
a nonprofit called Health and Harmony conducted what it calls radical listening
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Health and Harmony๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ โ€˜๊ธ‰์ง„์  ์ฒญ์ทจโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ
06:28
to arrive at community-designed solutions to deforestation.
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Communities concluded that deforestation could be reversed
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:35
if they had quality health care and better jobs.
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
So the nonprofit, along with local partners, built a clinic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:44
They trained community members to farm organically.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
They invested in youth education.
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ต์œก์—๋„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
06:50
Lo and behold, the communities were right.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Over the next decade,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
06:55
deforestation dropped.
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Meanwhile, health improved.
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ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:01
Infant mortality decreased by two thirds.
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์˜์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด 2/3๋‚˜ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
What we see here is that people and planet don't need to be in conflict.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
We have solutions to address deforestation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And if we implement them wisely,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:16
we can prevent outbreaks and slow climate change.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Preventing outbreaks by saving nature will also help ensure
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
that income doesn't dictate outcome.
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07:26
The tools we use to respond to outbreaks --
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค,
์ฆ‰ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ, ๋ฐฑ์‹ ,
07:29
medicines, vaccines,
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07:32
even information --
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋„
07:34
are inequitably distributed.
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๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
In contrast, prevention benefits everyone equally.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So how can we accelerate uptake of preventative solutions to outbreaks?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:47
By building bridges between the health, climate and conservation sectors.
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๋ณด๊ฑด, ๊ธฐํ›„, ๋ณด์กด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Pandemics, climate change and environmental destruction
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์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘, ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
feed off each other.
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07:59
But like the health sector,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
08:01
the climate sector hasn't fully recognized the value of nature.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Nature-focused projects, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์€
08:06
can get us over 30 percent of the emissions reductions
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 30% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:09
needed to reach our climate goals,
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08:11
but only receive about five percent of climate funding.
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ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 5%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
In my own work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์—๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:16
I was also conditioned to overlook nature.
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08:20
For years, I was made to feel guilty
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š”
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
for caring about species other than humans.
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08:26
Like it was a betrayal of the oath I took when I became a doctor.
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งน์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:30
Right after I finished my training,
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์˜๋Œ€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ์งํ›„,
08:32
I met a world-renowned physician and scientist
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ด์ž ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
who I looked up to for years.
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08:37
I was excited to ask him for his thoughts
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
08:39
on how to improve human well-being while safeguarding the planet.
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๋“ค๋œฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
08:43
He looked at me and slowly said,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
"I don't care about polar bears."
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โ€œ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ ์จ์š”.โ€
08:51
At first I was shocked.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:54
And then I felt embarrassed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์–ด์š”.
08:57
But from what I've seen from fighting outbreaks for over a decade,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ฐฝ๊ถ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ๋’ค๋กœ
09:02
I'm finally comfortable admitting
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
that I do care about polar bears.
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09:08
And bats.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋„์š”.
09:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:14
And bats
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๋ฐ•์ฅ์™€...
09:16
and forests
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์ˆฒ๊ณผ...
09:18
and people.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„์š”.
09:20
We all need to.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Because there is no human health or animal health or environmental health.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:28
They're one and the same.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:31
In West Africa,
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์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์–ด๋„
09:33
it may have taken just one infected animal
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09:35
to spark an Ebola epidemic that killed more than 11,000 people.
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11,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
But it will take everyone to sustain the delicate ecological balance
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:45
that we all depend upon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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