A Case for Color Blindness | Coleman Hughes | TED

377,042 views ใƒป 2023-08-09

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์•„์—ฐ ์ • ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:04
I want to do a quick exercise.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:06
Close your eyes.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:09
I want you to picture your best friend.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:13
Think about what specifically you love about them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:17
What trait makes them them?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:22
Now open your eyes.
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์ด์ œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ์„ธ์š”.
00:25
I don't know what each of you came up with,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:27
but I'm pretty sure I know what you didn't come up with.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Iโ€™m pretty sure none of you thought,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
"What makes Jim Jim is the fact that he's six-foot-two and a redhead."
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โ€˜์ง์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ 188cm์— ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ง€.โ€™
00:37
I'm guessing you chose their inner qualities,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์งˆ,
00:40
their sense of humor,
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์œ ๋จธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ, ์ง€์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:41
their generosity, their intelligence,
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๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋Š” ์ž์งˆ์„ ๊ณจ๋ž์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
qualities they would have no matter what they looked like.
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00:47
There's one more quality I'm pretty sure you didn't choose.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Their race.
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์ธ์ข…์ด์ฃ .
00:53
Of all the things you could list about somebody,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜์—ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ,
์ธ์ข…์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
their race is just about the least interesting you can name,
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00:59
right down there with height and hair color.
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ํ‚ค์™€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ธ์ข…์€ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋”” ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋†๋‹ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:03
Sure, race can be good source material for jokes at a comedy club,
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01:06
but in the real world,
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ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ์ข…์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ์ง€,
01:08
a person's race doesn't tell you whether they're kind or selfish,
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01:11
whether their beliefs are right or wrong,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฅธ์ง€,
01:14
whether they'll become your best friend or your worst enemy.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ ์ด ๋ ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But over the past ten years,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„๊ฐ„,
01:20
our societies have become more and more fixated on racial identity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ธ์ข…์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
We've all been invited to reflect on our inner whiteness or inner Blackness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘์ธ์„ฑ์„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
as if these racial essences define who we are.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์  ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์—
01:36
Meanwhile, American society has experienced the greatest crisis
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์ธ์ข… ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
in race relations in a generation.
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01:43
Gallup has been asking Americans how they feel about race relations,
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๊ฐค๋Ÿฝ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ข… ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:46
and this chart is the result.
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์ด ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
So as you can see, between 2001 and 2013,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
01:52
most Americans felt good about race relations.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ข… ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Then both lines take a nosedive.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์„ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธ‰๊ฐ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
It's no exaggeration to call this one of the greatest crises of our time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And clearly we need new ways of thinking about race
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
02:07
if we're going to reverse this trend.
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์ด ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
So today I'm going to offer an old idea,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
but it's an idea that's been widely misunderstood.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์˜จ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
02:17
You've probably heard it before, it's called color blindness.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ํ…๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์ƒ‰๋งนโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
What do I mean by color blindness?
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์ƒ‰๋งน์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:24
After all, we all see race.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€์š”.
02:27
We can't help it.
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02:28
And what's more, race can influence how we're treated
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์—
02:32
and how we treat other people.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
So in that sense, nobody is truly colorblind.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ง„์งœ ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
But to interpret the word colorblind so literally
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:40
is to misunderstand it.
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์˜คํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Colorblind is a word like warmhearted.
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์ƒ‰๋งน์€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
It uses a physical metaphor to capture an abstract idea.
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์€์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
To call someone warmhearted isnโ€™t to talk about the temperature of their heart
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:54
but about the kindness of their soul.
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์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์นœ์ ˆํ•จ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And similarly, to advocate for color blindness
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์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ‰๋งน์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:59
is not to pretend you don't notice race.
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์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ชป ๋ณธ ์ฒ™ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
It's to support a principle
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
03:05
that we should try our best to treat people without regard to race,
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์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›์น™์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
both in our personal lives and in our public policy.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:14
And you might be thinking, what's so controversial about that?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋…ผ๋ž€๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Well, the fact is the philosophy of color blindness is under attack.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Critics say that it's naive
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์ˆœ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋‚˜
03:24
or that we're not yet ready for it as a society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:27
or even that it's white supremacy in disguise.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณ€์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And many people agree with these feelings.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
For example, a few years ago,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „,
03:35
a young adult fantasy author came under pressure
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
03:38
to halt the release of her new book.
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์ƒˆ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ถœํŒ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Why?
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
03:42
Because the marketing blurb for the book went like this:
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ฑ… ์„ ์ „ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋žฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:46
"In a world where the princess is the monster,
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โ€œ๊ณต์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
03:49
oppression is blind to skin color,
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์–ต์••์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ณ  ์„ ๊ณผ ์•…์€ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€
03:51
and good and evil exist in shades of gray ..."
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03:54
Now that one sentence clause
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โ€˜์–ต์••์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ณ โ€™๋ผ๋Š”
03:56
about oppression being blind to skin color,
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03:59
describing a fantasy world, mind you,
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ํ™˜์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
04:02
was enough to provoke an online backlash.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Now, part of this reaction to color blindness
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์ƒ‰๋งน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ƒ‰๋งน ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
is actually a fault of its advocates.
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04:11
People will say things like,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ‰๋งน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
04:13
โ€œI donโ€™t see colorโ€ as a way of expressing support for color blindness.
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โ€œ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
But this phrase is guaranteed to produce confusion
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
because you do see color, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:23
I think we should all get rid of this phrase
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ 
04:25
and replace it with what we really mean to say,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
which is, "I try to treat people without regard to race."
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โ€œ์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€œ
04:33
Now, that said,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:34
most of the pushback to color blindness comes from critics
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์ƒ‰๋งน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์€
04:38
who misrepresent it as somehow a conservative idea.
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์ƒ‰๋งน์„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ž๋“ค์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Now, this could not be further from the truth.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
The philosophy of color blindness does not come from conservatives.
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์ƒ‰๋งน์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
It actually comes from the radical wing of the antislavery movement
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์šด๋™ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
in the 19th century.
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04:57
The earliest mentions of color blindness come from Wendell Phillips,
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์ƒ‰๋งน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ์›ฌ๋ธ ํ•„๋ฆฝ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ์ด์ž
05:01
who was the president of the American Anti-Slavery Society
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05:04
and a man whose nickname was "abolition's golden trumpet."
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โ€˜ํ์ง€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋น› ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซโ€™์ด๋ž€ ๋ณ„๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
05:09
He believed in immediate full equality for Black Americans.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And in 1865, he called for the creation of a "government colorblind,"
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1865๋…„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”
05:18
by which he meant the permanent end of all laws that mention race.
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โ€˜์ •๋ถ€ ์ƒ‰๋งนโ€™์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
What about the other critiques of color blindness?
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์ƒ‰๋งน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„ํŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:27
Wouldnโ€™t color blindness render us unable to fight racism?
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์ƒ‰๋งน์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:32
Wouldn't it mean getting rid of policies like affirmative action
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์„
05:35
that benefit people of color?
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์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:38
I believe that eliminating race-based policies
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:42
does not equal eliminating policies meant to reduce inequality.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
It simply means that those policies should be executed
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ข… ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
05:52
on the basis of class instead of race.
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์‹คํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Why class over race?
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์™œ ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹จ ๊ณ„์ธต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:58
I'll give two reasons.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
First because class is almost always a better proxy
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๋จผ์ € ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š”
06:05
for true disadvantage than race.
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๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Imagine we picked ten Americans at random.
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๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ด ๋ช…์„ ๋ฝ‘์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:13
And our task is to sort them from least privileged on one end
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:17
to most privileged on the other.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ์ค„๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Now, there's no direct measure of privilege,
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ํŠน๊ถŒ์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ
06:22
so we have to choose a proxy measure.
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
My claim here is that lining them up by income or wealth
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ค„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
06:31
would get us closer to achieving that task
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์†Œ๋“์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ค„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:33
than simply lining people up by race.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
That's what I mean when I say that class is usually a better proxy
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ 
06:40
for disadvantage than race.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
And the second reason is that class-based policies tend to be more popular
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด
๋” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
and less controversial because they don't penalize anyone
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„
06:52
for immutable biological traits.
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๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Think of policies like need-based financial aid
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์› ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ๊ณต์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
06:59
or the earned-income tax credit.
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:02
These are policies that address inequality
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:05
without anyone having to feel the sting of racial discrimination.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žฌ์•™์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
I want to give you an example of a disastrous race-based policy.
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07:15
It was called the Restaurant Revitalization Fund.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Over 70,000 restaurants closed in 2020 due to the pandemic,
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2020๋…„ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹๋‹น ์น ๋งŒ ๊ณณ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๊ณ ,
07:24
and this fund allocated 29 billion dollars to help these restaurants.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ์‹๋‹น๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 290์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
But for the first three weeks of the program,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฒซ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์€
07:31
only people of color, women and veterans could apply.
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์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…, ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋งŒ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So soon after it began,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
07:37
white male restaurant owners sued, alleging discrimination.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์‹๋‹น ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
A judge ruled in their favor, and the program was stopped.
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ํ•œ ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
But by that time, two thirds of the money was already gone.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค, ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And it wasn't just white men that got discriminated against in this policy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Around 3,000 women and people of color were promised money
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…๋“ค ์•ฝ ์‚ผ์ฒœ ๋ช…์€
ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์† ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:58
before the judge stopped the program
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08:00
and then unpromised that money just after.
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ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์งํ›„ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 100์–ต์€
08:05
And the remaining 10 billion then went to white men
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08:08
who had initially been put at the back of the line.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ค„ ๋’ค์ชฝ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
So the net result of this policy was a double dose of discrimination.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Initially, thousands of white men were discriminated against
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…๋“ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์—ญ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
and then thousands of women and people of color were discriminated against.
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08:25
And it's a virtual guarantee
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ
08:27
that there are people out there who lost their restaurant
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ƒ‰์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
08:30
in both of those camps because they were the wrong skin color.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹๋‹น์„ ์žƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Can anyone really argue
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์ƒ‰๋งน ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
08:35
that a colorblind program wouldn't have produced better results for everybody?
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:42
So I just gave an example of a disastrous race-based policy.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Now, I want to give you an example
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ‰๋งน ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
of a colorblind policy that has worked quite well.
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08:51
America has been struggling with the issue of racial bias in policing
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
์ธ์ข… ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์น˜์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
for a very long time.
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08:56
And a solution to one aspect of this problem
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
09:00
is to issue tickets using traffic cameras instead of human beings.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ตํ†ต ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตํ†ต ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Cops can be racially biased, consciously or not,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์˜์‹์ ์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“  ์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:09
but traffic cameras, red light cameras and speeding cameras can't.
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๊ตํ†ต ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ, ์ •์ง€๋“ฑ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ, ๊ณผ์† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
So you would think anyone interested in reducing racial bias in policing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์น˜์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ
๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ
09:20
would support these traffic cameras.
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์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
But you'd be wrong.
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09:23
Some have opposed them on the grounds
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ์ข…๋ณ„๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ํ‹ฐ์ผ“ ๋ฐœ๋ถ€ ๋น„์œจ์„
09:25
that they don't yield statistically equal ticketing rates by race,
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์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:29
and they remain illegal in many US states.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋“ค์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
So here's an example
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด
09:34
where the philosophy of color blindness cuts through confusion like a knife.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์นผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
If weโ€™re guided by color blindness,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ‰๋งน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ๋„๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:41
our goal should be to eliminate bias from systems that affect people's lives
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:46
wherever possible,
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09:47
not to manufacture statistically equal outcomes by any means necessary.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์จ์„œ๋ผ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
So my talk has been focused on America,
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09:57
but my message is really for any key decision maker
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
10:00
at any institution anywhere in the world.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
If you care about fighting racism, embrace color blindness.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ƒ‰๋งน์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์„ธ์š”.
10:08
Support class-based policies.
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๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:11
Create colorblind processes in your own world.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ƒ‰๋งน ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
10:14
If you're a professor,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:16
grade your students' papers blind to their names.
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10:19
Think creatively about how to apply color blindness to your life.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ‰๋งน์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:25
Color blindness is the best principle by which to govern a multiracial,
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์ƒ‰๋งน์€ ๋‹ค์ธ์ข…, ๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
10:29
multiethnic democracy.
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์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์›์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
It's the best way to lower the temperature of tribal conflict in the long run.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
And if we wait for the moment when society is ready for it,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:42
we'll be waiting forever.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
10:59
Chris Anderson: Coleman, thank you for this.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์—”๋”์Šจ: ์ฝœ๋จผ, ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
You know, Mellody Hobson came to TED a few years ago,
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๋ฉœ๋กœ๋”” ํ™‰์Šจ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— TED์— ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
and she had a very different message for us.
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11:07
She said, be color brave, not colorblind.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ‰์— ๋งž์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
Her argument was that being colorblind is dangerous
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ƒ‰๋งน์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:14
because it's effectively ignoring the problem.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
What would you want to say to her?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:19
Coleman Hughes: Yeah.
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์ฝœ๋จผ ํœด์ฆˆ: ๋„ค.
11:21
One thing I would say is, like I said,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
11:23
color blindness as a philosophy, that is the goal.
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์ƒ‰๋งน์€ ์ฒ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
That's an idea that comes from the anti-slavery movement, right?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
That's not an example of ignoring the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
That's an example of having the best philosophy
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
11:36
with which to address the problem, in my view.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
CA: But could you argue that that dealt with one part of the problem
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CA: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:42
but in today's world, there are still many situations where it's not enough.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Take this story of an orchestra, right,
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์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:49
an orchestra, and it's largely white.
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์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์ธ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And that doesn't feel right.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
So they institute a policy of color blindness where,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ‰๋งน ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
you know, there can't be any racial discrimination
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์ƒˆ ๋‹จ์›์„ ๋ฝ‘์„ ๋•Œ ์žฅ๋ง‰์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฝ‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
because new musicians are auditioned behind a screen.
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12:03
That's colorblind.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So, so far, so good.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง„ ์ข‹๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:05
And maybe that helps.
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12:06
But maybe the actual situation
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
12:09
is that the minority kids in that area
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
12:12
just don't have access to instruments,
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์•…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
it's just harder for them ever to get the kind of training and stuff they need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:18
And the orchestra needs to be taking a lead to bring people through
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ž์žฅ์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
so that there are people in that orchestra who can inspire the kids
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•…๋‹จ์— ๋ฝ‘์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:25
and so forth.
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CH: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
CH: Yeah, so I would propose a different --
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12:29
So if I were leading that orchestra, what I would do is I'd say,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€,
12:32
let's continue to audition everyone behind the veil,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์žฅ๋ง‰์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ฐœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:35
be colorblind in that sense,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด ๋˜์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
and then let's separately invest in the community
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ
12:41
so that we can get kids instruments when they're young
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์•…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:44
and then judge them by a colorblind standard
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์„ ๋ฐœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
when they come to audition.
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12:50
See, if you rig it at this level,
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:52
then you're just changing the bar by which you would measure progress
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์• ์ดˆ์— ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:55
to begin with, right?
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12:56
So I think that is a kind of an artificial solution,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
whereas we want to maintain colorblind standards,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋งน ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:03
but actually address the root causes of the problem.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:09
CA: Coleman, you're an incredibly powerful voice on this issue,
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CA: ์ฝœ๋จผ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
and I really thank you for the courage to come here, make this case.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Good luck with the book.
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์ฑ…์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธธ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CH: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, TED.
13:18
CH: Thank you, TED.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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