Small rockets are the next space revolution | Peter Beck

170,812 views

2019-12-09 ใƒป TED


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Small rockets are the next space revolution | Peter Beck

170,812 views ใƒป 2019-12-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
So what I'm going to talk about here is, this is a power station.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
So if you've ever wondered
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—
00:17
what a couple of million horsepower looked like,
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200๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ ฅ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:20
that's pretty much what it looks like.
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์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
And for me, it's always been about the rocket.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋กœ์ผ“์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
In fact so much so that when I was growing up,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:26
the school called in my parents to have a bit of a discussion,
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
00:31
because they believed that my aspirations
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฟˆ์ด ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:34
were unrealistic for what I wanted to do.
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00:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:38
And they suggested that I take up a job at the local aluminium smelter,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์ œ๋ จ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:42
because I was very good with my hands.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†์žฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:44
But for me, aluminium, or as you Canadians say, "aluminum,"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ํ˜น์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€œ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋ˆ”โ€œ์€
00:48
was not part of my plan at all.
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์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
00:50
So I started building rockets when I was at school.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋กœ์ผ“๋“ค์„ ์ ์  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
00:53
They got bigger and bigger.
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00:54
I actually hold an unofficial land speed record
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋กœ์ผ“ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋กค๋Ÿฌ ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ ์†๋„ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
for a rocket bike and roller blades
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00:59
while wearing a rocket pack.
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๋น„๋ก ๋กœ์ผ“ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋งค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:02
But as the rockets got larger and larger,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
01:04
and more and more complex,
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01:05
I started to be able to think I could do something with this.
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๋กœ์ผ“์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:08
Now today we hear about very large rockets
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋กœ์ผ“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
taking humans to, or aspiring to take humans to,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ™”์„ฑ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
01:15
the Moon, and Mars and beyond.
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01:17
And that's really important,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:18
but there's a revolution going on in the space industry,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์€
01:21
and it's not a revolution of the big,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:23
it's a revolution of the small.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So here we have an average-to-large-sized spacecraft in 1990.
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์ด๊ฑด 1990๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
We can tell it's 1990 because of the powder blue smocks
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1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋ณต์„ ์ž…์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด 1990๋…„๋Œ€์‹ ์ฒญ์ •์‹ค์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
01:32
for all the trained in the clean rooms in 1990.
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01:35
But that was your average-to-large-sized spacecraft in 1990.
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1990๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Here's a spacecraft that's going to launch this year.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋  ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
This particular spacecraft has four high-resolution cameras,
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์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์—๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€
01:44
a whole lot of senors, a CoMP communication system.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ตœ์‹  ํ†ต์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
We're going to launch thousands of these into the solar system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
01:50
to look for extraterrestrial life.
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์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Quite different.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
01:54
You see that Moore's law really applied itself to spacecraft.
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๋ฌด์–ด์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
However, the rockets that we've been building
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋กœ์ผ“๋“ค์€
01:59
have been designed for carrying these very large,
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์Šค์ฟจ๋ฒ„์Šค ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
school-bus-sized spacecraft to orbit.
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02:05
But this kind of launch vehicle here is not very practical
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š”
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†ํ†ฑ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
for launching something that will fit on the tip of my finger.
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02:12
And to give you a sense of scale here,
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์ด ๋กœ๊ฒŸ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ์ง€ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
02:14
this rocket is so large that I inserted a picture of myself
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์†์˜ท ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
02:17
in my underpants, in complete confidence,
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์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์–ด๋”จ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
knowing that you will not be able to find me.
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02:21
That's how big this rocket actually is.
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์ด ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:25
Moving on.
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๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋กœ์ผ“์ธ ์ผ๋ ‰ํŠธ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So this is our rocket -- it's called the Electron.
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02:31
It's a small launch vehicle
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์ž‘์€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
for lifting these small payloads into orbit.
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02:36
And the key here is not the size of the rocket --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:39
the key here is frequency.
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
If you actually wanted to democratize space
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:43
and enable access to space,
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02:44
launch frequency is the absolute most important thing
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
out of all of this.
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02:48
Now in order to really democratize space, there's three things you have to do.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And each one of these three things has kind of the equivalent amount of work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:57
So the first is, obviously, you have to build a rocket.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
The second is regulatory, and the third is infrastructure.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So let's talk a little bit about infrastructure.
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
So this is our launch site --
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
it's obviously not Cape Canaveral,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์ปค๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋Ÿด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
03:11
but it's a little launch site --
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
in fact, it's the only private orbiter launch site
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ถค๋„์„  ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋กœ
03:15
in the entire world, down in New Zealand.
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋กœ์ผ“ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:17
And you may think that's a bit of an odd place
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03:19
to build a rocket company and a launch site.
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03:21
But the thing is that every time you launch a rocket,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:24
you have to close down around about 2,000 kilometers of airspace,
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2,000 km์˜ ๊ณต์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ณผ
03:27
2,000 kilometers of marine and shipping space,
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2,000 km์˜ ํ•ด์—ญ์„ ํ์‡„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:30
and ironically, it's one of the things in America
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์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
that doesn't scale very well,
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03:34
because every time you close down all that airspace,
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๊ณต์—ญ์„ ํ์‡„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:36
you disrupt all these travelers trying to get to their destination.
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์—ฌํ–‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:40
The airlines really hate rocket companies,
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ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋กœ์ผ“ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:42
because it costs them around $70,000 a minute, and so on.
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ํ์‡„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋‹น 7๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์†ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:46
So what you really need,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
03:47
if you want to truly have rapid access to space,
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03:50
is a reliable and frequent access to space,
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘์€ ์„ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
is you need, basically, a small island nation
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03:55
in the middle of nowhere, with no neighbors and no air traffic.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:58
And that just happened to be New Zealand.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:02
So, that's kind of the infrastructure bit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Now the next bit of that is regulatory.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So, believe it or not,
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๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:09
New Zealand is not known for its space prowess,
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
or at least it wasn't.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
04:13
And you can't just rock on up to a country
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ
04:16
with what is essentially considered an ICBM,
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ฐ„ ํƒ„๋„ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
because unfortunately, if you can put a satellite into orbit,
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:22
you can use that rocket for doing significantly nasty things.
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
So quickly, you run afoul of a whole lot of rules and regulations,
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ •, ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
and international treaties
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04:31
of the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and whatnot.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ•ต ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์กฐ์•ฝ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
04:35
So it becomes quite complex.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
So in order for us to launch down in New Zealand,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
04:39
we had to get the United States government and the New Zealand government
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์–‘์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์ƒํ˜ธ ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ๋™์˜ ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
to agree to sign a bilateral treaty.
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04:45
And then once that bilateral treaty was signed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์—
04:47
to safeguard the technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:49
the New Zealand government had a whole lot of obligations.
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And they had to create a lot of rules and regulations.
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04:54
In fact, they had to pass laws through a select committee
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ์˜ํšŒ์— ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:57
and through Parliament, ultimately, and to complete laws.
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๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Once you have laws, you need somebody who administers them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So they had to create a space agency.
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05:04
And once they did, the Aussies felt left out,
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž,
ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:07
so they had to create a space agency.
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05:09
And on and on it goes.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So you see, there's a massive portion of this, in fact,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
05:13
two thirds of it, that does not even involve the rocket.
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3๋ถ„์˜ 2 ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋กœ์ผ“๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:18
Now, let's talk about the rocket.
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์ด์ œ ๋กœ์ผ“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:19
You know, what I didn't say
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ ์•ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:23
is that we're actually licensed to launch every 72 hours for the next 30 years.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ 30๋…„๊ฐ„
72์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So we have more launch availability as a private company
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์—…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
than America does as an entire country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:33
And if you've got a launch every 72 hours,
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72์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:35
then that means you have to build a rocket every 72 hours.
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72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
And unfortunately, there's no such thing as just a one-stop rocket shop.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์™„์ œํ’ˆ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
You can't go and buy bits to build a rocket.
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๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
05:44
Every rocket is absolutely bespoke,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋กœ์ผ“์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งž์ถค์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ 
05:46
every component is absolutely bespoke.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋„ ๋งž์ถค์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And you're in a constant battle with physics every day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๋Š์ž„ ์—†์ด ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Every single day, I wake up and I battle physics.
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์ €๋„ ๋งค์ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:54
And I'll give you an example of this.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:56
So on the side of our rocket, there's a silver stripe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ์˜†๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์€์ƒ‰ ์ค„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
The reason is because there's avionic components behind there.
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๋’ท๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:03
We needed to lower the emissivity of the skin
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์œจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
so we didn't cook the components from the sunlight.
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ํ–‡๋น› ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:08
So we paint a silver stripe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์€์ƒ‰์ค„๋กœ ์น ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Unfortunately, as you're sailing through the Earth's atmosphere,
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:12
you generate a lot of static electricity.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And if you don't have conductive paint,
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์ด๋•Œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:16
you'll basically send lightning bolts down to the Earth.
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๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
So even the silver paint has to be triboelectrificated
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์€์ƒ‰ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:22
and certified and applied and everything,
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์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
and the stickers, they're a whole nother story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
But even the simplest thing is always, always a real struggle.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ—ค์ณ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Now, to the heart of any launch vehicle is the engine.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ์—”์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
This is our Rutherford rocket engine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฃจ๋”ํฌ๋“œ ๋กœ์ผ“์—”์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And usually, you measure rocket engines
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๋กœ์ผ“ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:41
in terms of time to manufacture, in terms of sort of months
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06:44
or even sometimes years, on really big engines.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์—”์ง„์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์”ฉ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŒ์•ฝ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:48
But if you're launching every 72 hours --
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06:49
there's 10 engines per rocket --
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๋กœ์ผ“๋‹น ์—”์ง„์ด 10๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:51
then you need to produce an engine very quickly.
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์—”์ง„์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
We needed to come up with a whole new process
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋กœ์ผ“ ์—”์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ
06:56
and a whole new cycle for the rocket engine.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆœํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
We came up with a new cycle called the electric turbo pump,
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์ „๊ธฐ ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŽŒํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆœํ™˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:02
but we also managed to be able to 3D-print these rocket engines.
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3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋กœ์ผ“ ์—”์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
So each one of these engines is 3D-printed out of Inconel superalloy,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ์—”์ง„์€ ๋‚ด์—ด ์ดˆํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
and right now, we can print round about one engine every 24 hours.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—”์ง„ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:14
Now, the electric turbo pump cycle
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์ „๊ธฐ ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŽŒํ”„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
07:16
is a totally different way to pump propellant
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์ถ”์ง„์ฒด์—์„œ ์—”์ง„์œผ๋กœ ํผ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
into the rocket engine.
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07:20
So we carry about one megawatt where the battery is on board.
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์œผ๋ฉด ์•ฝ 1 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:24
And we have little electric turbo pumps, about the size of a Coke can,
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์ฝœ๋ผ ์บ” ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ
07:27
not much bigger than a Coke can.
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์บ”๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:29
They spin at 42,000 RPM,
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ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” 4๋งŒ 2์ฒœ RPM์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ ,
07:31
and each one of those Coke-can-sized turbo pumps
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฝœ๋ผ ์บ” ํฌ๊ธฐ ํ„ฐ๋ณดํŽŒํ”„๋Š”
07:33
produces about the same amount of horsepower
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์Šนํ•ฉ์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ ฅ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
as your average family car,
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07:37
and we have 20 of them on the rocket.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋ณดํŽŒํ”„ 20๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋กœ์ผ“์— ์‹ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:39
So you can see even the simplest thing, like pumping propellants,
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ํŽŒํ•‘ ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์กฐ์ฐจ
07:42
always pretty much drives you insane.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณจ์น˜ ์•„ํ”ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
This is Electron, it works.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ ‰ํŠธ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:55
Not only does it work once, it seems to work quite frequently,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฝค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:58
which is handy when you've got a lot of customers to put on orbit.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 25๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ์ง„์ž…์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
So far, we've put 25 satellites in orbit.
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08:03
And the really cool thing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์€
08:04
is we're able to do it very, very accurately.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ž…์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
In fact, we insert the satellites to within an accuracy of 1.4 kilometers.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์„ 1.4km ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์— ์•ˆ์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And I guess if you're riding in a cab,
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ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด 1.4km๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
08:13
1.4 kilometers is not very accurate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:15
But in, kind of, space terms,
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08:17
that equates to around about 180 milliseconds.
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180 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ดˆ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
We travel 1.4 kilometers in about 180 milliseconds.
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180 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ดˆ ๋‚ด์— 1.4km๋ฅผ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:23
So, it's actually quite hard to do.
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์ด ์ •๋„๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์ด์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Now, what I want to talk about here is space junk.
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08:29
We've talked a lot during this talk about, you know,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:34
how we want to launch really frequently, every 72 hours,
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08:37
and all the rest of it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ถค๋„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ
08:38
However, I don't want to go down in history
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08:40
as the guy that put the most amount of space junk in orbit.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
This is kind of the industry's dirty little secret here,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”์•…ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
08:47
what most people don't realize is that the majority of space junk by mass
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08:50
is not actually satellites, it's dead rockets.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ๋กœ์ผ“๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Because as you ascend to orbit,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
08:55
you have to shed bits of the rocket to get there,
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๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:58
with the battle of physics.
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08:59
So I'm going to give a little Orbital Mechanics 101 here,
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ถค๋„์—ญํ•™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
09:02
and talk about how we go to orbit,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:03
and how we do it really, really differently from everybody else.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
09:07
So the second stage cruises along
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2๋‹จ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
09:09
and then we separate off a thing at the top called the kick stage,
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์ƒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ถ”์ง„ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ฉด
09:12
but we leave the second stage in this highly elliptical orbit.
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2๋‹จ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋†’์€ ํƒ€์› ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
And at the perigee of the orbit, or the lowest point,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ถค๋„ ๊ทผ์ง€์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
09:17
it dips into the Earth's atmosphere and basically burns back up.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
So now we're left with this little kick stage,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๊ธ‰์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:23
that white thing on the corner of the screen.
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ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•˜์–€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
It's got its own propulsion system,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ง„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:27
and we use it to raise and trim the orbit
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:30
and then deploy the spacecraft.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
And then because it's got its own engine, we put it into a retro orbit,
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์ž์ฒด์— ์—”์ง„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๊ถค๋„๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’์€ ํƒ€์›๊ถค๋„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:35
put it back into a highly elliptical orbit,
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09:37
reenter it into the atmosphere and burn it back up,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง„์ž… ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ
09:39
and leave absolutely nothing behind.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Now everybody else in the industry is just downright filthy,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •๋ง ๋”๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
they just leave their crap everywhere out there.
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ์ฃผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
09:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:52
So I want to tell you a little bit of a story,
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์ข€ ๋” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:54
and this is going to date me,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์„œ
09:56
but I went to a school at the very bottom of the South Island in New Zealand,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋‚จ๋‹จ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…”์–ด์š”.
10:00
tiny little school,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ํ•™๊ต์˜€๊ณ 
10:01
and we had a computer not dissimilar to this one.
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์ด๊ฑฐ๋ž‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:04
And attached to that computer was a little black box called a modem,
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๋ชจ๋Ž€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒ€์€ ์ƒ‰ ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:07
and every Friday, the class would gather around the computer
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๋ฐ˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
10:10
and we would send an email to another school in America
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
10:13
that was lucky enough to have the same kind of setup,
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์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:16
and we would receive an email back.
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๋‹ต์žฅ๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And we thought that was just incredible, absolutely incredible.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๊ณ , ์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:21
Now I often wonder
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
10:23
what would happen if I traveled back in time
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10:25
and I sat down with myself
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰ํ˜€๋‘๊ณ 
10:26
and I explained all of the things that were going to occur
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:29
because of that little black box connected to the computer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒ€์€ ์ƒ์ž ๋•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํŒํƒ€์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
You would largely think that it would be complete fantasy.
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10:35
But the reality is that is where we are right now with space.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
We're right on the verge of democratizing space,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ๋กœ์— ์„œ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:41
and we have essentially sent our first email to space.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Now I'll give you some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So last year, we flew a small satellite
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์ž‘์€ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:48
for a bunch of high school students who had built it.
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๊ทธ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And the high school students were studying the atmosphere of Venus.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:54
Those are high school students launching their own satellite.
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“  ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Another great example,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ
10:58
there's a number of really big programs right now
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:02
to place large constellations, of small satellites in orbit
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๊ถค๋„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์€ ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ ํฐ ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
11:05
to deliver internet to every square millimeter on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:08
And for pretty much everybody in this room,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ
11:10
that's just handy,
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11:11
because we can stream Netflix anywhere we want.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
But if you think about the developing countries of the world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
11:17
you've just disseminated the entire knowledge of the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
to every single person in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:22
And that's going to have a pretty major effect.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Thanks very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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