Could We Treat Alzheimer's with Light and Sound? | Li-Huei Tsai | TED

57,410 views ・ 2022-03-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: ν•œλ‚˜ 졜 κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:04
Hello, everyone.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:06
It is a tremendous pleasure to be here
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 제 이야기λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄ 큰 μ˜κ΄‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
to share with you my story.
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00:13
You’ve all heard of brainwaves.
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λ‹€λ“€ λ‡ŒνŒŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 듀어보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:16
For a long time, neuroscientists didn't know what they meant.
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λ‡Œκ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ λ‡ŒνŒŒλΌλŠ” 것이 무엇인지 λͺ°λžμ–΄μš”.
00:22
But we slowly come to understand their purpose.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 점차 κ·Έ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:27
The brain generates waves with different paces or frequencies
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λ‡ŒλŠ” 각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ 속도와 μ§„λ™μˆ˜μ˜ νŒŒλ™μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
to transmit information and thoughts
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정보와 생각을 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:36
by coordinating the activity of nerve cells.
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μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μ‘°μ§ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
00:41
These waves are a little like the effect
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이 νŒŒλ™λ“€μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό λΉ„μœ ν•˜μžλ©΄ 마치
00:45
of the orchestra conductor waving a baton
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μ˜€μΌ€μŠ€νŠΈλΌ μ§€νœ˜μžκ°€ μ§€νœ˜λ΄‰μ„ νœ˜λ‘˜λŸ¬
00:49
to keep the musicians synchronized.
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μ—°μ£Όμžλ“€μ˜ 합을 λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
I'm going to talk today
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μ œκ°€ 였늘 μ–˜κΈ°ν•  것은
00:56
about the waves that have the so-called gamma frequency.
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이λ₯Έλ°” 감마 주파수λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” λ‡ŒνŒŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
These gamma waves are particularly important
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이 κ°λ§ˆνŒŒκ°€ 특히 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:05
for synchronizing brain activity to process new information
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λ‡Œ ν™œλ™μ„ μ‘°μ§ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 감각 κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:10
from the senses and for learning and memory.
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ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό κΈ°μ–΅κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
You might be surprised to learn
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 깜짝 λ†€λž„ 사싀은
01:17
that when these gamma waves are weaker than they should be,
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이 κ°λ§ˆνŒŒκ°€ 정상보닀 μ•½ν™”λ˜λ©΄
01:23
this may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ³‘μ˜ 원인이 λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Indeed, my laboratory and others have shown
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 저희 연ꡬ진과 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ˜ 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ ν™˜μžλ“€κ³Ό
01:32
that in people with Alzheimer's
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01:35
and in laboratory mice that model the disease,
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이 λ³‘μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ²΄κ°€ 된 μ‹€ν—˜μ₯μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—
01:41
gamma waves at the frequency of 40 hertz
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감마파의 μ£ΌνŒŒμˆ˜κ°€ 40ν—€λ₯΄μΈ μΌ λ•Œ
01:44
have reduced power and synchrony than they should be.
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강도와 동기성이 ν˜„μ €νžˆ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
So back in 2015,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2015년에
01:53
we got an idea.
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아이디어 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ– μ˜¬λžμ–΄μš”.
01:55
What if we artificially boosted these waves?
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이 νŒŒλ™μ„ μΈμœ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
02:00
Would that affect Alzheimer's disease?
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ— 영ν–₯이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:04
We have to know the answer because we are an aging society.
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κ³ λ Ήν™” μ‚¬νšŒμ΄κΈ°μ— 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 해닡을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
As we have made progress in treating many other health problems,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 건강 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 진전이 μžˆμ—ˆκΈ°μ—
02:15
we've begun living long enough to develop others.
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κ·Έ μ΄μ™Έμ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•λ“€λ„ κ°œλ°œν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ 였래 μ‚΄ 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:20
In the last 20 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
02:22
the Alzheimer's Association estimates
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ ν˜‘νšŒμ˜ 좔정에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
02:26
deaths from heart disease declined by about seven percent.
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심μž₯ μ§ˆν™˜ 사망λ₯ μ΄ 7% κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
But the number of deaths from Alzheimer's disease
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 사망은
02:35
increased 145 percent.
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145%λ‚˜ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:40
One in three seniors in the US dies [from] Alzheimer’s disease
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미ꡭ의 고령자 μ…‹ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…은
μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ˜λŠ” 치맀둜 μ‚¬λ§ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν˜‘νšŒλŠ” λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
or another dementia, they say.
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02:48
And more than 11 million people
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그리고 1,100만 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
02:51
provide unpaid care
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ₯Ό μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” 가쑱을 μœ„ν•΄
02:53
for their loved ones with Alzheimer's.
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무급 간병을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
So this means that probably most of us in this room
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 이곳에 계신 λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄
03:02
have known and loved someone with Alzheimer's.
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μ£Όλ³€ μ§€μΈμ΄λ‚˜ κ°€μ‘± 쀑에 μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ ν™˜μžκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
03:08
I am no exception.
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저도 μ˜ˆμ™ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
03:11
One day when I was four,
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μ œκ°€ 4μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:15
I went out with my grandmother.
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
And when I looked up to her to say,
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό μ˜¬λ €λ‹€λ³΄κ³ 
03:20
"Let's go home,"
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β€œμ§‘μ— κ°€μš”.” 라고 λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:22
She said, "Home.
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그러자 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œλŠ”
β€œμ§‘... 집이 μ–΄λ””λ‹ˆ?”라고 λ§ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
03:26
Where is home?"
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03:30
So to see if we could treat Alzheimer's disease
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‡ŒνŒŒλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ” μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ 병을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•ŒκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:34
by changing brainwaves,
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03:37
we tried out different approaches.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 접근법을 μ‹œλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
By working with my colleagues,
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제 λ™λ£Œλ“€,
03:42
Emery Brown and Ed Boyden at MIT,
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MIT의 에머리 브라운, μ—λ“œ 보이든과 함을 합쳐
03:45
we figured out that we could entrain
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더 높은 감마파λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μžκ·Ήν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
or stimulate increased gamma waves
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κ·Έμ € μ£ΌνŒŒμˆ˜μ— 맞좰 κΉœλΉ‘μ΄λŠ” 빛을 μ₯μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œμš”.
03:53
by simply showing mice lights blinking at that frequency.
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03:58
This really works.
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μ§„μ§œ 이 방법이 ν†΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:00
Showing mice 40-hertz flickering light --
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μ₯μ—κ²Œ 40ν—€λ₯΄μΈ λ‘œ κΉœλΉ‘μ΄λŠ” 빛을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜,
04:05
and we demonstrated later,
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ‹€ν—˜ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:07
placing of 40-hertz buzzing sound -- creates a 40-hertz disco
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40 ν—€λ₯΄μΈ μ˜ μœ™μœ™κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κΉŒμ§€ λ“€λ €μ£Όμ–΄
40 ν—€λ₯΄μΈ μ˜ λ””μŠ€μ½” νŒŒν‹°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ£Όλ©΄
04:13
that increases the power and synchrony
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λ‡Œ μ „λ°˜μ— 걸쳐 λ‡ŒνŒŒμ˜ 강도와 동기성이 μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
of these waves across the brain.
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이 νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ 핡심 λΆ€λΆ„κΉŒμ§€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
The effect reaches key parts of the brain,
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04:24
such as the prefrontal cortex,
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κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμš°κ³  이성적 사고λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 전두엽 ν”Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜
04:27
where we do planning and reasoning
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04:30
and the hippocampus where we create memories.
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기얡을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” ν•΄λ§ˆ 같은 κ³³ 말이죠.
04:36
So the light and sound stimulation approach
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λΉ›κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ 자극 접근법은
04:40
seems cool and flashy.
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멋지고 ν˜„λž€ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Literally.
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μ •λ§λ‘œμš”.
04:46
But what amazes the most is that it produced profound
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 λ†€λΌμš΄ 것은 이 접근이
04:51
and widespread benefits
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λ³‘μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ²΄κ°€ 된 μ₯μ—κ²Œ
04:53
in mice engineered to model this disease.
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깊고 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ 이득을 쀬단 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:58
Mice exposed to gamma light and sound stimulation
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κ°λ§ˆμ„ κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ μžκ·Ήμ— λ…ΈμΆœλœ μ₯λŠ”
05:02
had major reductions in protein build-ups,
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μ•„λ°€λ‘œμ΄λ“œ 응집과 νƒ€μš° λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μ—‰ν‚΄ λ“±μ˜ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 좕적이 λˆˆμ— λ„κ²Œ μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
amyloid plaques and tau tangles
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05:08
that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's progression.
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이 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ“€μ€ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ μ§„ν–‰μ˜ λ³΄μ¦μ„œ 같은 μ‘΄μž¬μ˜ˆμš”.
05:12
The stimulation preserved more of the connections
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이 μžκ·Ήμ€ μ‹ κ²½μ˜ 연결고리λ₯Ό 보쑴해 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
or synapses that bind nerve cells into circuits.
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μ‹ κ²½ 세포λ₯Ό 회둜둜 λ¬Άμ–΄ μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œλƒ…μŠ€λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•΄ μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
05:22
More cells survived, so the brain decayed less.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ„Έν¬μ˜ 생쑴은 λ‡Œμ˜ 쇠퇴가 λŠλ €μ‘ŒμŒμ„ λœ»ν•˜μ£ .
05:27
The brain naturally has open spaces known as ventricles.
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λ‡Œμ—λŠ” λ‡Œμ‹€μ΄λΌλŠ” 빈 곡간이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚  λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
And in the brain of mice left untreated,
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치료 받지 μ•Šμ€ μ₯μ˜ λ‡Œ 속에선
05:37
these ventricles became very big.
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이 λ‡Œμ‹€μ΄ ꡉμž₯히 μ»€μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
But in the brain of mice exposed to gamma-wave stimulation,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 감마파 μžκ·Ήμ— λ…ΈμΆœλœ μ₯μ˜ λ‡Œμ‹€μ€
05:46
these ventricles are closer to the size of healthy mice.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ₯μ˜ λ‡Œμ‹€κ³Ό 크기가 λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄μ Έμš”.
05:51
And consistent with all of these physical differences,
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그리고 이 신체적 차이와 μΌκ΄€λ˜κ²Œ,
05:55
Alzheimer's mice exposed to light and sound stimulation
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λΉ›κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ μžκ·Ήμ— λ…ΈμΆœλœ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ μ₯λŠ”
05:59
show better performance on learning and memory tests
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μΉ˜λ£Œλ°›μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ₯λ³΄λ‹€ μŠ΅λ“λ ₯κ³Ό κΈ°μ–΅λ ₯ μ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ
06:03
than untreated mice did.
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더 쒋은 μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
We are still studying why stimulating gamma waves works.
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감마파 자극이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 아직 연ꡬ 쀑에 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:13
But we have made some key observations.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ‡ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 관찰을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
The brain has immune cells known as microglia
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λ‡Œμ—λŠ” μ†Œκ΅μ„Έν¬λΌλŠ” 면역세포가 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:22
that are supposed to maintain health by removing waste.
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λΆˆμˆœλ¬Όμ„ μ—†μ•  건강을 μœ μ§€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 게 κ·Έ μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ 일이죠.
06:27
These cells change their form and activity
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이 세포듀은 감마파 μžκ·Ήμ— 따라 ν˜•νƒœμ™€ 행동을 λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
following gamma wave stimulation.
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06:35
We've also seen that the blood vessels in the brain
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λ˜ν•œ λ‡Œμ˜ ν˜ˆκ΄€ μ—­μ‹œ μžκ·Ήμ— λ°˜μ‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것도 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:39
respond to the stimulation.
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06:42
These vessels widen their diameters to increase blood flow, for instance.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 혈λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 지름을 λ„“νžˆλŠ” μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
This improved circulation may play a key role
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빨라진 μˆœν™˜ μ—­μ‹œ 뢈순물 λ°°μΆœμ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
in flushing out waste as well.
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06:58
So, mice are nice.
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자, μ₯λŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:01
But people are the point.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 또 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
So my group and others have begun testing
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저희와 λ‹€λ₯Έ 연ꡬ진은 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
gamma light and sound stimulation in humans.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ κ°λ§ˆμ„ κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ 자극 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
07:13
We've developed a delivery device
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νœ΄λŒ€μš© μž₯치λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•΄μ„œ
07:16
that our volunteers can use in their homes.
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μ‹€ν—˜ μžμ›μžλ“€μ΄ μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있게 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
It’s a poster-sized light box with a speaker underneath
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ν¬μŠ€ν„° 크기의 κ°€λ²Όμš΄ μƒμž λͺ¨μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ μ•„λž˜μ— μŠ€ν”Όμ»€κ°€ 달렀 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
07:25
to produce synchronized 40-hertz sensory stimulation.
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λ™κΈ°ν™”λœ 40ν—€λ₯΄μΈ μ˜ 감각 μžκ·Ήμ„ 쀄 수 있죠.
07:30
A little tablet in the middle allows them to play videos
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μž₯치 μ€‘μ•™μ—λŠ” μž‘μ€ νƒœλΈ”λ¦Ώμ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
μžκ·Ήμ„ 받을 λ•Œ μ˜μƒμ„ ν‹€μ–΄λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
when they are getting stimulated.
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07:38
Recently, we have begun to see data
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 이 μ‹œν—˜μ  μž„μƒ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
07:42
emerge from these pilot clinical studies.
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μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 데이터가 λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
Annabelle Singer, a former member of our MIT team
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저희 MIT νŒ€μ˜ 원년 λ©€λ²„μ΄μž
07:51
and now a professor at Georgia Tech,
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ν˜„ μ‘°μ§€μ•„ν…μ˜ ꡐ수인 μ• λ‚˜λ²¨ μ‹±μ–΄κ°€
07:54
recently published encouraging results
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μœ λ§ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
showing that gamma light and sound stimulation
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κ°λ§ˆμ„ κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ 자극이
08:00
entrains stronger gamma waves in people.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ— μžˆμ–΄ κ°•ν•œ 감마파λ₯Ό λ™λ°˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
08:05
And their brains show increased connectivity and synchrony.
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λ˜ν•œ λ‡Œ μ‹ κ²½μ˜ μ—°κ±Έμ„±κ³Ό 동기성이 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒλ„μš”.
08:11
My group has made some similar findings,
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저희 νŒ€λ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ°œκ²¬μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
including signs of preservation of brain volume
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λ‡Œ λΆ€ν”Όκ°€ λ³΄μ‘΄λ˜λŠ” 양상과
08:19
and cognitive improvement.
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인지 λŠ₯λ ₯ ν–₯상을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμ£ .
08:22
A private company we co-founded, Cognito Therapeutics,
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저희가 곡동 μ°½λ¦½ν•œ 사기업인 μ½”κ·Έλ‹ˆν†  ν…ŒλΌν”„ν‹±μŠ€ μ—­μ‹œ
08:26
has also seen benefits in human testing,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 이점을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:30
including reduced brain atrophy and improvement in mental functioning.
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λ‡Œ μœ„μΆ• ν˜„μƒμ˜ κ°μ†Œμ™€ λ‡ŒκΈ°λŠ₯ κ°œμ„  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμš”.
08:39
While we still have more work to do
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μž„μƒ νš¨μœ¨μ„ μ™„λ²½νžˆ μ•Œλ €λ©΄ 아직 λ©€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
08:42
to determine the full clinical efficacy,
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08:46
we have provided a lot of evidence that this approach appears safe.
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이 접근법이 μ•ˆμ „ν•΄ λ³΄μΈλ‹€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μ¦κ±°λŠ” 이미 있죠.
08:52
Our participants use their devices consistently
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저희 μ‹€ν—˜ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€λ„ μž₯치λ₯Ό 계속 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있고
08:57
and tolerate gamma wave stimulation well.
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감마파 μžκ·Ήμ„ 잘 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
Unlike a drug,
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μ•½λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
09:02
this stimulation is completely non-invasive
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이 μžκ·Ήμ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ 비외과적이고
09:06
and has minimal side effects,
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ λΆ€μž‘μš©λ§Œ μˆ˜λ°˜ν•΄μš”.
09:08
which could make this approach very accessible.
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이 접근이 λ‹€κ°€κ°€κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ 이유죠.
09:13
We are now working to launch a new study
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ” μƒˆ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ 쀑에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
of whether gamma-wave stimulation can effectively delay
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감마파 자극이 효과적으둜
09:22
the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ°œλ³‘μ„ μ§€μ—°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ˆμš”.
09:27
Given the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in our aging population
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κ³ λ Ήν™” μ„ΈλŒ€μ— μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ 병이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 널리 νΌμ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€,
09:32
and how safe this gamma light and sound stimulation approach appears to be,
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그리고 κ°λ§ˆμ„ κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬μžκ·Ή 접근이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ•ˆμ „ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
09:39
I sometimes dream of a gamma society
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가끔 감마 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό 꿈꾸게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
where we integrate gamma wave stimulation into our daily environment
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감마파 자극이 μΌμƒμƒν™œμ— 잘 λ…Ήμ•„λ“€μ–΄
09:48
through our lighting or even our video entertainment.
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μ‘°λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜μƒ μ˜€λ½μ„ 톡해 μ ‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ 말이죠.
09:54
Maybe we will have a better world
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그러면 더 λ‚˜μ€ 세상, 더 λ‚˜μ€ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
and a brighter future
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09:59
if we can keep our brainwaves,
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λ‡ŒνŒŒλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³ 
10:02
and therefore our mind and memory, well stimulated.
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μ •μ‹ κ³Ό 기얡을 잘 μžκ·Ήν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
10:08
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:15
Chris Anderson: Thank you so very much.
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크리슀 μ•€λ”μŠ¨: 정말 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
I actually would have so many questions,
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정말 λ§Žμ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ§€λ§Œ,
10:20
but the clock is not our friend.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—¬μ˜μΉ˜ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ 질문 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
I'm going to ask you one.
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10:27
The cause of Alzheimer's,
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έμ˜ 원인,
10:29
like, the implication of what you're saying,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κ°•μ—° λ‚΄μš©μ„ ν•΄μ„ν•΄λ³΄μžλ©΄
10:31
is that it's possible that an actual causal factor
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ λ³‘μ˜ 원인은
10:34
is this falloff in the gamma brainwaves.
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감마 λ‡ŒνŒŒμ˜ κ°μ†ŒμΈ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
Is that how you see it or what is the picture?
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μ œκ°€ ν•΄μ„ν•œ 게 λ§žλ‚˜μš”?
10:42
Li-Huei Tsai: You know, obviously,
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리 후이 차이: λͺ¨λ‘ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
10:44
the causes for Alzheimer's disease are very complex.
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μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ³‘μ˜ 원인은 ꡉμž₯히 λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
There are a lot of genetic factors and environmental factors.
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μœ μ „μ μΈ, ν™˜κ²½μ μΈ μš”μΈλ“€λ„ μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ•„μš”.
10:50
But one thing is that this compromise of the gamma waves
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•œ 가지 ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 점은 감마파 손상이
10:54
happens very early in the course of the disease.
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λ°œλ³‘ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
10:58
And you know, as I alluded to earlier,
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그리고 μ•„κΉŒ μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ“―μ΄
11:02
it has tremendous effects on many different cell types,
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λ§Žμ€ 세포와 λ‡Œμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯에 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
many different functions in the brain.
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11:09
So it is very likely
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 감마파 손상이 κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ”
11:12
that these impaired gamma waves leads to the build up
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 좕적과 병적 츑면으둜 μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ ν™•λ₯ μ΄ ꡉμž₯히 λ†’μ•„μš”.
11:16
of the protein aggregates and pathology.
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11:21
But I would also like to mention
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것 μ—­μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άλ„€μš”.
11:22
that this impairment of these other cell types
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‡Œ 세포와 λ‡Œ κΈ°λŠ₯의 손상이
11:26
and other processes in the brain
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11:29
can also impact the strength of the gamma waves.
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감마파의 세기에도 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
So if you think about the pathophysiology of the disease,
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이 λ³‘μ˜ 병리생리학이 κΆκΈˆν•˜μ‹œλ‹€λ©΄
11:38
it's like a runaway train that eventually crashes.
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κ²°κ΅­ μΆ©λŒν•˜κ²Œ 될 폭주 μ—΄μ°¨λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ νŽΈν•΄μš”.
11:43
So I think that this light and sound approach,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이 λΉ›κ³Ό μ†Œλ¦¬ 접근이
11:47
what it does is to give a break of this process
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κ³Όμ • 쀑간쀑간에 νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ£Όκ³ 
11:52
and give the brain an opportunity to heal.
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λ‡Œμ—κ²Œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•  기회λ₯Ό μ€€λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
CA: So you are not necessarily arguing that gamma-ray therapy
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크리슀: κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜ λ§μ”€λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄
κ°λ§ˆμ„  μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έμ˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ˜ˆλ°©μ±…μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
11:58
would be a complete prevention of Alzheimer's,
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12:01
but that it could, in combination with other things
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλ°©μ±…λ“€κ³Ό 합쳐지면 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°κ΅°μš”.
12:05
it could play an absolutely critical role.
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κ°•μ—°μž: ν™˜μžλΆ„μ΄ μ–Έμ œ 치료λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ‹œλŠλƒμ— 따라 λ‹¬λΌμš”.
12:07
LHT: It depends on when do you start the treatment.
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12:09
So if you start early --
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일찍 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ --
12:11
so that’s why we are now testing
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œν—˜μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
12:13
whether this approach can delay the incidence of the disease.
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이 방법이 μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έ λ°œλ³‘μ„ λŠ¦μΆ”λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄λ €λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:19
CA: If you start early enough, you really believe,
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크리슀: 치료λ₯Ό μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 빨리 μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
κ·Έ μ ‘κ·Ό μžμ²΄λ‘œλ„ μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έμ˜ λ°œλ³‘μ„ ν˜„μ €νžˆ λ―Έλ£° 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ„€μš”.
12:22
that alone could delay materially the onset of Alzheimer's.
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12:25
LHT: We'll see, we're starting a clinical trial.
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리 후이: 곧 μ•Œκ²Œ 되겠죠. 곧 μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
12:28
CA: Thank you so much, thank you for your work.
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크리슀: κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ°•μ—°μžλ‹˜μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯ 정말 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ €μš”.
12:30
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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