What intelligent machines can learn from a school of fish | Radhika Nagpal

109,666 views ใƒป 2017-10-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soojeong Cheon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Soo Jin Lee
00:12
In my early days as a graduate student,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:14
I went on a snorkeling trip off the coast of the Bahamas.
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๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์˜ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋…ธํด๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
I'd actually never swum in the ocean before,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:21
so it was a bit terrifying.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
00:23
What I remember the most is, as I put my head in the water
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์†์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๊ณ 
00:26
and I was trying really hard to breathe through the snorkel,
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์Šค๋…ธํด๋ง ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:31
this huge group of striped yellow and black fish
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ๊ฐ€
00:36
came straight at me ...
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
and I just froze.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ผผ์ง๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
And then, as if it had suddenly changed its mind,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•œ ๋“ฏ์ด
00:44
came towards me and then swerved to the right
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์ €๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”
00:46
and went right around me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋น„์ผœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
It was absolutely mesmerizing.
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์ •๋ง ํ™ฉํ™€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:50
Maybe many of you have had this experience.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Of course, there's the color and the beauty of it,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ‰, ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ™ฉํ™€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:56
but there was also just the sheer oneness of it,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์กฐํ™”์— ์ €๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
as if it wasn't hundreds of fish
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:01
but a single entity with a single collective mind
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ •์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ‰์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋… ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:04
that was making decisions.
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:07
When I look back, I think that experience really ended up determining
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๋Œ์ด์ผœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋•๋ถ„์—
์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
what I've worked on for most of my career.
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01:15
I'm a computer scientist,
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
and the field that I work in is artificial intelligence.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:20
And a key theme in AI
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:22
is being able to understand intelligence by creating our own computational systems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
01:26
that display intelligence the way we see it in nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Now, most popular views of AI, of course, come from science fiction and the movies,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:34
and I'm personally a big Star Wars fan.
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ด‘ํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
But that tends to be a very human-centric view of intelligence.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
When you think of a fish school,
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜
01:45
or when I think of a flock of starlings,
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ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
01:48
that feels like a really different kind of intelligence.
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:52
For starters, any one fish is just so tiny
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์šฐ์„ , ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
compared to the sheer size of the collective,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์ฃ .
01:59
so it seems that any one individual
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํ•œ์ •๋˜๊ณ 
02:02
would have a really limited and myopic view of what's going on,
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๊ทผ์‹œ์•ˆ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
and intelligence isn't really about the individual
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:08
but somehow a property of the group itself.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Secondly, and the thing that I still find most remarkable,
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:15
is that we know that there are no leaders supervising this fish school.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Instead, this incredible collective mind behavior
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์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ •์‹ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
02:24
is emerging purely from the interactions of one fish and another.
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Somehow, there are these interactions or rules of engagement
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์ด๋“  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์ „ ๊ทœ์น™์„
02:33
between neighboring fish
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
that make it all work out.
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02:37
So the question for AI then becomes,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
02:40
what are those rules of engagement that lead to this kind of intelligence,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
02:44
and of course, can we create our own?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And that's the primary thing that I work on with my team in my lab.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
We work on it through theory,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:52
looking at abstract rule systems
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
02:54
and thinking about the mathematics behind it.
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๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
We also do it through biology, working closely with experimentalists.
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:02
But mostly, we do it through robotics,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณตํ•™์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
where we try to create our own collective systems
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:08
that can do the kinds of things that we see in nature,
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:11
or at least try to.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์š”.
03:13
One of our first robotic quests along this line
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
03:16
was to create our very own colony of a thousand robots.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So very simple robots,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:22
but they could be programmed to exhibit collective intelligence,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:25
and that's what we were able to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So this is what a single robot looks like.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
It's quite small, about the size of a quarter,
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๋™์ „ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ์š”.
03:32
and you can program how it moves,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
but it can also wirelessly communicate with other robots,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์„  ๊ต์‹ ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
03:38
and it can measure distances from them.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And so now we can start to program exactly an interaction,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
a rule of engagement between neighbors.
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์ด์›ƒํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:46
And once we have this system,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง€๋ฉด
03:48
we can start to program many different kinds of rules of engagement
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
that you would see in nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:53
So for example, spontaneous synchronization,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋™์กฐํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
how audiences are clapping and suddenly start all clapping together,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:01
the fireflies flashing together.
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃ .
04:06
We can program rules for pattern formation,
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ํŒจํ„ดํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
how cells in a tissue
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์† ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ž ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ• ์ง€ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:11
determine what role they're going to take on
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04:13
and set the patterns of our bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:16
We can program rules for migration,
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์ด๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
and in this way, we're really learning from nature's rules.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
But we can also take it a step further.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:25
We can actually take these rules that we've learned from nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
04:28
and combine them and create entirely new collective behaviors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง‘๋‹จํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
of our very own.
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04:33
So for example,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:35
imagine that you had two different kinds of rules.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:38
So your first rule is a motion rule
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šด๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
where a moving robot can move around other stationary robots.
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ •์ง€๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And your second rule is a pattern rule
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ์„œ
04:46
where a robot takes on a color based on its two nearest neighbors.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
04:50
So if I start with a blob of robots in a little pattern seed,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:53
it turns out that these two rules are sufficient for the group
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ทœ์น™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ
04:56
to be able to self-assemble a simple line pattern.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ ํ˜• ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And if I have more complicated pattern rules,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:03
and I design error correction rules,
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:05
we can actually create really, really complicated self assemblies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and here's what that looks like.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:11
So here, you're going to see a thousand robots
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1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ์š”.
05:14
that are working together to self-assemble the letter K.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์ž K๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
The K is on its side.
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์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์šด K ์ž์—์š”.
05:20
And the important thing is that no one is in charge.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
So any single robot is only talking to a small number of robots nearby it,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค ํ•˜๊ณ ๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:27
and it's using its motion rule to move around the half-built structure
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋™๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
just looking for a place to fit in based on its pattern rules.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
And even though no robot is doing anything perfectly,
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด๋„
05:40
the rules are such that we can get the collective to do its goal
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๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
robustly together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
05:45
And the illusion becomes almost so perfect, you know --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
you just start to not even notice that they're individual robots at all,
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:52
and it becomes a single entity,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
05:54
kind of like the school of fish.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
So these are robots and rules in two dimensions,
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€ 2์ฐจ์› ํ‰๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:02
but we can also think about robots and rules in three dimensions.
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3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So what if we could create robots that could build together?
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ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:10
And here, we can take inspiration from social insects.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณค์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
So if you think about mound-building termites
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋‚˜
06:16
or you think about army ants,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:18
they create incredible, complex nest structures out of mud
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š”๋ฐ
06:23
and even out of their own bodies.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
And like the system I showed you before,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:28
these insects actually also have pattern rules
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:31
that help them determine what to build,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
but the pattern can be made out of other insects,
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ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:36
or it could be made out of mud.
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์ง„ํ™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And we can use that same idea to create rules for robots.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
So here, you're going to see some simulated robots.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
06:47
So the simulated robot has a motion rule,
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ
06:49
which is how it traverses through the structure,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
looking for a place to fit in,
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06:54
and it has pattern rules where it looks at groups of blocks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŒจํ„ด๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ก๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:57
to decide whether to place a block.
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๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์„ ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And with the right motion rules and the right pattern rules,
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šด๋™ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:03
we can actually get the robots to build whatever we want.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
And of course, everybody wants their own tower.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ธต ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:13
So once we have these rules,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
07:15
we can start to create the robot bodies that go with these rules.
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
So here, you see a robot that can climb over blocks,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ง€์š”?
07:22
but it can also lift and move these blocks
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์„ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:24
and it can start to edit the very structure that it's on.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
But with these rules,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:29
this is really only one kind of robot body that you could imagine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
You could imagine many different kinds of robot bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ณธ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
So if you think about robots that maybe could move sandbags
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๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ
07:40
and could help build levees,
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์ œ๋ฐฉ ์Œ“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
07:42
or we could think of robots that built out of soft materials
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด
07:47
and worked together to shore up a collapsed building --
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
so just the same kind of rules in different kinds of bodies.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ณธ์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:56
Or if, like my group, you are completely obsessed with army ants,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:00
then maybe one day we can make robots that can climb over literally anything
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:04
including other members of their tribe,
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:06
and self-assemble things out of their own bodies.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์™€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Once you understand the rules,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
08:11
just many different kinds of robot visions become possible.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And coming back to the snorkeling trip,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์Šค๋…ธํด๋ง ์—ฌํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ์š”.
08:20
we actually understand a great deal about the rules that fish schools use.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
So if we can invent the bodies to go with that,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:29
then maybe there is a future
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”
08:30
where I and my group will get to snorkel with a fish school of our own creation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ์™€ ์Šค๋…ธํด๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:40
Each of these systems that I showed you
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:42
brings us closer to having the mathematical and the conceptual tools
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:47
to create our own versions of collective power,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
and this can enable many different kinds of future applications,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
whether you think about robots that build flood barriers
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ํ™์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒฝ์„ ์Œ“๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜
08:56
or you think about robotic bee colonies that could pollinate crops
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์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋•๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฒŒ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜
09:01
or underwater schools of robots that monitor coral reefs,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ตฐ๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜
09:04
or if we reach for the stars and we thinking about programming
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
09:07
constellations of satellites.
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09:09
In each of these systems,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
09:11
being able to understand how to design the rules of engagement
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ• ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
09:15
and being able to create good collective behavior
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€
09:17
becomes a key to realizing these visions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
So, so far I've talked about rules for insects and for fish
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ณค์ถฉ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:26
and for robots,
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09:29
but what about the rules that apply to our own human collective?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:32
And the last thought that I'd like to leave you with
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๋์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์”€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:35
is that science is of course itself
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ
09:36
an incredible manifestation of collective intelligence,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
but unlike the beautiful fish schools that I study,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋–ผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
09:43
I feel we still have a much longer evolutionary path to walk.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋” ๋จผ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So in addition to working on improving the science of robot collectives,
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์ €๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:53
I also work on creating robots and thinking about rules
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๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
์–ด๋–ค ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
that will improve our own scientific collective.
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10:00
There's this saying that I love:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
who does science determines what science gets done.
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค."
10:06
Imagine a society
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:09
where we had rules of engagement
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ์Œ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:10
where every child grew up believing that they could stand here
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ.
10:14
and be a technologist of the future,
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10:16
or where every adult
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด
10:17
believed that they had the ability not just to understand but to change
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
10:22
how science and technology impacts their everyday lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ณณ.
10:26
What would that society look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:30
I believe that we can do that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
I believe that we can choose our rules,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
10:34
and we engineer not just robots
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๋กœ๋ด‡๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ โ€˜์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘๋‹จโ€™๋„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
but we can engineer our own human collective,
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10:38
and if we do and when we do, it will be beautiful.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:42
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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