Why All Melodies Should Be Free for Musicians to Use | Damien Riehl | TED

52,066 views ใƒป 2022-04-28

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: omar idmassaoud ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Shimaa Nabil
00:04
I'm going to tell you a true story,
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ุณุฃุฑูˆูŠ ู„ูƒู… ู‚ุตุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงุณู… ุจุทู„ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ
00:06
but instead of the name of the protagonist,
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ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูุถู„.
00:08
think about your favorite artist.
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00:09
Think about your favorite musician,
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ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูุถู„
00:11
and think about your favorite song by that musician.
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ูˆููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงุฑ.
00:14
Think about them bringing that song from nothing to something into your ears
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ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุคู„ููˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู„ุง ุดูŠุกุŒ
ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุฐู†ูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑุญ.
00:18
and bringing you so much joy.
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00:20
Now think about your favorite musician getting sued, and that lawyer saying,
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ููƒุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุถุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠุŒ
00:23
"I represent this group.
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โ€œุฃู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ุณู…ุนุช ุฃุบู†ูŠุชู‡ู… โ€‹โ€‹ุซู… ูƒุชุจุช ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูƒุŒ
00:24
I think you heard their song and then you wrote yours.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู….โ€
00:27
You violated their copyright."
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00:28
And imagine your musician saying, "No, it's not true.
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ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: โ€œู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณู…ุนุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
00:31
I don't think I've ever heard that song.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ุชุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ู… ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุตู†ุนุช ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูŠ.โ€
00:33
But even if I did,
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00:34
I certainly wasn't thinking about them when I made my song."
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ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุณุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„: โ€œุฃู†ุง ุฃุตุฏู‚ูƒุŒ
00:37
Imagine the case going to trial and a judge saying, "I believe you,
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ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ู†ุณุฎุช ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุจูˆุนูŠุŒ
00:40
I don't think you consciously copied that group.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจู†ุณุฎู‡ุง ุฏูˆู† ูˆุนูŠ.
00:42
But what I think did happen is you subconsciously copied them.
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00:45
You violated the copyright, and you have to pay them a lot of money.โ€
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทุจุน ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฏูุน ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„.โ€
ููƒุฑ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนุงุฏู„ุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุตูุงู‹.
00:49
Think about whether that's fair or just.
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00:52
This actually happened to George Harrison, the lead guitarist of The Beatles,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู„ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู†ุŒ ุนุงุฒู ุงู„ุฌูŠุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ
ููŠ ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุชู„ุฒุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠููˆู†ุฒุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุบู†ุช ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ:
00:56
and the group was The Chiffons,
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00:57
who's had a song "He's so fine, oh so fine."
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โ€œุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุณูŠู…ุŒ ุฃูˆู‡ ูˆุณูŠู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉโ€
01:00
And George Harrison had a song,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู† ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ
โ€œุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุŒ ุฃูˆู‡ ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจโ€
01:02
"My sweet Lord, oh, sweet Lord."
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01:05
But what neither George Harrison nor The Chiffons nor the judge, really,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุชุดูŠููˆู†ุฒุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ
01:08
nor anybody else had considered, is maybe since the beginning of time,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ.
01:11
the number of melodies is remarkably finite.
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01:14
Maybe there are only so many melodies in this world.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:16
And The Chiffons, when they picked their melody,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุดูŠููˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ุญู† ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ู…ุŒ
01:18
plucked it from that already existing finite melodic data set.
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ูู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชุฒุนูˆู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุญู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
01:21
And George Harrison happened to have plucked the same melody
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ูˆุตุฏู ุฃู† ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ุญู†
01:24
from that same finite melodic data set.
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ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุญู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ.
01:27
This is a different way of thinking about music
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰
ู„ู… ูŠููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠูˆู†.
01:29
in a way that judges and lawyers nor musicians have thought about.
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ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชููƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
01:32
Because when those groups have thought about musicians,
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ูู‡ู… ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชู…ุฏูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนูŠุŒ
01:35
they think about them drawing from their own creative wellspring,
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ุฌู„ุจ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:38
bringing from nothing, something into the world.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุตูุญุฉ ูุงุฑุบุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูˆุถุน ุฅุจุฏุงุนู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
01:40
They have a blank page upon which they can put their creativity.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
01:43
That's actually not true.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู†ุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุฌู†ุจ ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ
01:44
As George Harrison realized,
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01:46
you have to avoid every song that's ever been written,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณุชุชู… ู…ู‚ุงุถุงุชูƒ.
01:49
because if you don't, you get sued.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุญุธูˆุธู‹ุงุŒ ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุฒู ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุนุฒูู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
01:50
If you're lucky, you pluck one of those already existing melodies
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01:53
that hasn't been taken.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุธูˆุธุŒ ูุฃู†ุช ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฃู† ุชุนุฒู ู„ุญู† ุชู… ุนุฒูู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„.
01:54
If you're unlucky, you pluck a melody that's already been taken.
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ุณูˆุงุก ุณู…ุนุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุงุŒ ูุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
01:58
Whether you've heard that song or not, maybe you've never heard it before.
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ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุญุธูˆุธู‹ุงุŒ
ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุคู„ู ุฃุบุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ุดุฎุต ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
02:01
If that happens, if you're lucky,
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โ€œุฃุบู†ูŠุชูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชุดุจู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉโ€
02:03
you have a co-songwriter or somebody who says,
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ โ€œูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚โ€
02:05
that new song sounds a lot like that old song.
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ.
02:07
And you change it before it goes out the door.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุธูˆุธ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ู† ูŠุญุฐุฑูƒ ูุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุตุฏุงุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…
02:09
Now, if you're unlucky, you don't have somebody telling you that,
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02:12
you release it out in the world,
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ุชุณู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูƒ ูˆูŠู‚ุงุถูˆู†ูƒ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ.
02:14
the group hears your song and they sue you
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02:16
for a song maybe that you've never heard before in your life.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฎุทูŠุช ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ู„ ุฃู„ุบุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰.
02:19
You've just stepped on a melodic landmine.
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02:21
The thing is, this is the world before my colleague, Noah Rubin, and I
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุญ ุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู†ุง.
02:26
have started our project.
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02:27
The world now looks like this.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
02:29
We filled in every melody that's ever existed and ever can exist.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู…ู„ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ ู„ุญู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
02:33
Every step is going to be a melodic landmine.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ู„ุบู… ุฃุฑุถูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
02:35
And ironically, this is actually trying to help songwriters.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุณุฎุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ.
02:39
Let me tell you how.
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ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ูƒูŠู.
02:40
I'm a lawyer.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ุญุงู…ูŠ.
ุฃู†ุง ู…ุญุงู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 2002.
02:42
I've been a lawyer since 2002.
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02:43
I've litigated copyright cases, I've taught law school copyright cases.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑูุนุช ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ูˆู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚.
02:47
I'm also a musician.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุนุงุฒู.
02:48
I have a bachelorโ€™s degree in music, Iโ€™m a performer,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุงู„ูˆุฑูŠูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูู†ุงู† ู…ุณุฑุญูŠุŒ
ุฃู†ุง ูู†ุงู† ุชุณุฌูŠู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุชุฌ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุช.
02:51
I'm a recording artist, and I also produce records.
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02:53
I'm also a technologist.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠ.
02:54
I've been coding since 1985, for the web since '95.
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ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฒ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 1985ุŒ ู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 1995.
02:57
Iโ€™ve done cybersecurity, and I also currently design software.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฌุฑูŠุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุตู…ู… ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช.
03:00
So that puts me right in the middle of a Venn diagram
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุถุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ู…ุฎุทุท ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ
03:02
that gives me a few insights that if I were in any one of those areas
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช
03:06
I might not have had.
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ูุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู† ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ.
03:07
And my colleague Noah Rubin,
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ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุญ ุฑูˆุจูŠู†ุŒ
03:09
in addition to being one of the smartest people I've ever known,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฐูƒู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนุฑูุชู‡ู…ุŒ
ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนุงุฒู ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู…ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนุฑูุชู‡ู….
03:12
he's also a musician,
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03:13
and he's also one of the most brilliant programmers I've known.
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ูˆุจูŠู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชูˆุตู„ุชู… ุฃู†ุชู… ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
03:16
And between our work,
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03:17
we came to a realization that you may have had saying,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ: โ€œู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุดุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉโ€
03:20
"You know that new song?
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03:21
It sounds a lot like this other old song."
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
03:23
And there's a reason for that.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุบู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุนุฏุฉ ุทุฑู‚.
03:24
We've discovered that there is only so many melodies,
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03:27
there are only so many notes that can be arranged in so many ways.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ูู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฆูŠุŒ
03:30
And that's different than visual art,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุง ุญุตุฑ ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ูุฑุดุงุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช
03:32
where they're an infinite number of brushstrokes, colors and subjects
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03:35
that to accidentally do them is very difficult.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ.
03:37
Similarly with language,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ุบุฉุŒ
ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 117000 ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ
03:39
the English language has 117,000 words in it,
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03:41
so the odds of accidentally writing the same paragraph are next to zero.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ.
03:46
In contrast,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ
03:47
music doesn't have 117,000 words.
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ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ 117,000 ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
03:50
Music has eight notes.
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ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุบู…ุงุช
03:52
Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti, Do.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ: โ€œุฏูˆ ุฑู‰ ู…ูŠ ูุง ุณูˆู„ ู„ุง ุณูŠ ุฏูˆ.โ€
ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุซู†ุงู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู„ุญู† ุดุงุฆุน ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
03:54
One two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.
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03:56
And every popular melody that's ever existed and ever can exist
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุบู…ุงุช ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ.
03:59
is those eight notes.
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04:01
Now, it's remarkably small.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
04:02
I worked in cybersecurity,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุŒ
04:04
and I know if I wanted to attack your password and hack your password,
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ูˆุฃุนุฑู ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุณุฑู‚ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุฑูƒ ูˆุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ู‡ุง
ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชู†ุฌุญ
04:07
one way to do it is to use a computer to really quickly say aaaa. No?
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04:10
Aab, aac,
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ุฃูƒุชุจุŒ ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุŒ ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุฉ ุณูŠ
04:12
And to keep running until it hits your password.
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ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ุฌุญ ุจุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ู‡ุง
04:14
That's called brute-forcing a password.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ.
04:16
So I thought, what if you could brute force melodies?
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููƒุฑุชุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุฌุจุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†ุŸ
ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„: โ€œุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆุŒ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฑู‰ุŒ
04:19
What if you could say, Do-Do-Do-Do, Do-Do-Do-Re,
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04:21
Do-Do-Do-Mi.
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ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ู…ูŠุŒ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ูุงโ€
ูˆุซู… ุชุณุชู†ูุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
04:23
And then exhaust every melody that's ever been.
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ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุชุณู…ู‰ โ€œู…ูŠุฏูŠโ€
04:25
And the way the computers read music is called MIDI.
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04:27
And in MIDI it looks like this Do-Do-Do-Do, Do-Do-Do-Re.
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ูˆููŠ โ€œู…ูŠุฏูŠโ€ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง: โ€œุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆุŒ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฑู‰ุŒ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ู…ูŠโ€
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู‚ุชุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุญุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ุช: โ€œู†ูˆุญุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฎูˆุงุฑุฒู…ูŠุฉ
04:31
So I approached my colleague Noah,
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04:32
I said, Noah, can you write an algorithm
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04:34
to be able to march through every melody that's ever existed
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ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู„ุญู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
04:37
and ever can exist?
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุŸ
04:38
He said, "Yeah, I could do that."
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ู‚ุงู„: โ€œู†ุนู… ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.โ€
04:40
So at a rate of 300,000 melodies per second,
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ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 300000 ู„ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
04:43
he wrote a program to write to disk every melody that's ever existed
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ูƒุชุจ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู‹ุง ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒู„ ู„ุญู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต
04:47
and ever can exist.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
04:49
And in my hand right now is every melody that's ever existed
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ูˆููŠ ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
04:52
and ever can exist.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
04:53
And the thing is, to be copyrighted,
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆุŒ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠู‹ุง ุจู…ูˆุฌุจ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ
04:56
you don't have to do anything formal.
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ู„ุง ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุฑุณู…ูŠ
04:57
As soon as it's written to a fixed, tangible medium, this hard drive,
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ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณูŠุท ุซุงุจุช ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณุŒ
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ุงู„ุตู„ุจุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุถุน ู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง.
05:01
it's copyrighted automatically.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุฑูƒ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ู…ุน ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
05:04
Now, this leaves copyright law with a very interesting question,
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05:08
because you think about the world before
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05:10
and songwriters had to avoid every song that's ever been written, in red.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุชุฌู†ุจ ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุช ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ.
05:13
Noah and I have exhausted the entire melodic copyright.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู†ูุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆู†ูˆุญ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
05:16
So if you superimpose the songs that have been written, in red,
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ู„ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
05:19
with the songs that haven't yet been written,
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุชู… ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…:
05:22
you have an interesting question:
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ู‡ู„ ุงุณุชู†ูุฐู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ
05:23
Have we infringed every melody that's ever been?
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05:25
And in the future, every songwriter that writes in the green spots,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุคู„ู ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ูŠูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุก ู‡ู„ ู‚ุงู… ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงูƒู†ุงุŸ
05:29
have they infringed us?
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05:30
Now, you might think at this point,
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ู‚ุฏ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุช ู…ู† ู…ุชุตูŠุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ
05:32
are you some sort of copyright troll that's trying to take over the world?
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠู„ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุง.
05:36
And I would say, no, absolutely not.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
05:38
In fact, the opposite is true.
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05:39
Noah and I are songwriters ourselves.
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ุฃู†ุงุŒ ูˆู†ูˆุญ ู…ุคู„ููˆ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ.
05:41
We want to make the world better for songwriters.
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ.
05:43
So what we've done is we're taking everything
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ู„ุฐุง ูู…ุง ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ.
05:45
and putting it in the public domain.
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ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูุงุธ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ุชุธู„ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุฃู„ูŠู ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰.
05:47
We're trying to keep space open for songwriters
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05:49
to be able to make music.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุŒ ุจู„ ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
05:51
And we're not focused on the lyrics,
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05:52
we're not focused on recording, we're focused on melodies.
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง.
05:55
And the thing is, we're running out of melodies that we can use.
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ู†ุธุงู… ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ู…ุนุทู„ุŒ ูˆูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซ.
05:58
The copyright system is broken and it needs updating.
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู„ู‚ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
06:01
Some of the insights that we've received as part of our work
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
06:04
is that melodies to a computer are just numbers
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06:06
because those melodies have existed since the beginning of time,
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ู„ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ูˆู†ุญู† ูู‚ุท ู†ูƒุชุดูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
06:09
and we're only just discovering them.
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06:11
So the melody Do-Re-Mi-Re-Do to a computer is literally 1-2-3-2-1.
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูุฅู† ู„ุญู† โ€œุฏูˆ ุฑู‰ ู…ูŠ ูุง ุณูˆู„ ู„ุง ุณูŠโ€ ู„ู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ู‡ูˆ โ€œ1 2 3 2 1โ€
06:17
So really the number 1-2-3-2-1 is just a number.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 1-2-3-2-1 ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฑู‚ู….
06:20
It's just math that's been existing since the beginning of time.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุญุณุงุจุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†.
06:23
And under the copyright laws, numbers are facts.
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ูˆุจู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑุŒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚.
06:26
And under copyright law, facts either have thin copyright,
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ูˆุจู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฅู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู†ุดุฑ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
06:29
almost no copyright or no copyright at all.
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ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู†ุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
06:32
So maybe if these numbers have existed since the beginning of time
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุญูŠุซ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ุงุŒ
06:35
where we're just plucking them out,
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06:36
maybe melodies are just math,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ ุจุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ.
06:38
which is just facts, which maybe are not copyrightable.
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06:41
Maybe if somebody's suing over a melody alone,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฑูุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุฏุนูˆู‰ ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู† ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุชุŒ
06:43
not lyrics, not recordings,
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06:45
but just the melody alone,
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ู„ูƒู† ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ุญู† ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุฎุชููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง.
06:47
maybe those cases go away.
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06:48
Maybe they get dismissed.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู‡ุง.
06:49
Now you might say, well, what constitutes a melody?
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ุงู„ุขู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุงุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุญู†ุŸ
ูˆูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู…ูุงุชูŠุญ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูˆ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง
06:52
And we were initially going to take the entire piano keyboard
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ูˆู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู„ุญุงู†ู‡ุง
06:55
and be able to do the entire keyboard.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ููƒุฑู†ุงุŒ ู„ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงุซู†ุงู† ุฃูˆูƒุชุงู.
06:56
But we thought, let's focus on the vocal range,
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06:59
which is actually two octaves.
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ุซู… ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุจ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ุงุถูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
07:00
And then we thought, no, actually we're thinking about pop music,
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07:03
which is the only thing that makes money that people sue over.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงุฒููŠู†ุŒ
ูˆู†ุงู‚ุดูˆุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ โ€œุงู„ู…ูˆุชูŠูโ€œุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุญู† ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู„ุญู† ุงู„ุฃุทูˆู„.
07:06
So we looked at musicologists,
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07:08
and they have debated what is a motif, a short melody versus a longer melody.
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ูˆุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ 12 ู†ูˆุชุฉ.
07:11
And we landed with 12 notes.
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ุซู… ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุฑูุน ุฏุนุงูˆู‰ ุจุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุง.
07:13
And then we superimposed that number with songs that have either been litigated
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุชุดูŠููˆู†ุฒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ โ€œุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุณูŠู…ุŒ ุฃูˆู‡ ูˆุณูŠู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉโ€
07:17
or threatened to be litigated.
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07:18
For example, The Chiffons had โ€œHeโ€™s so fine, oh so fine.โ€
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07:21
Versus โ€œMy sweet Lord, Oh, sweet Lord.โ€
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ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ุง โ€œุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุŒ ุฃูˆู‡ ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจโ€
07:26
Eight notes.
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ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุชุงุช.
07:28
Doo doo doo doo doo doo doo.
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ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ.
07:30
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:32
Doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo.
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ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ.
07:34
That's so close.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุฌุฏุง.
07:35
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:37
"Oh, I won't back down.
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โ€œุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ู„ู† ุฃุชุฑุงุฌุน
07:40
No, I won't back down."
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ู„ุงุŒ ู„ู† ุฃุชุฑุงุฌุน โ€
07:44
Versus โ€œWonโ€™t you stay with me
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ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ "ุฃู„ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนูŠ
07:49
'cause you're all I need."
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุชุงุฌู‡โ€
07:52
Ten notes.
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ุนุดุฑ ู†ูˆุชุงุช.
07:54
Doo doo doo doo, doo doo doo doo.
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ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ.
07:59
Versus Katy Perry's
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ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงุชูŠ ุจูŠุฑูŠ
08:01
Doo doo doo doo, doo doo doo, doo.
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ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ ุฏูˆ
08:05
Last two notes are different.
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ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูˆุชุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชูŠู†.
ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุชู‡ุชู… ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ููŠู†ุŒ 2.8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ.
08:07
The jury didn't care, 2.8 million dollars.
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08:09
Audience: Ooh.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ: ุฃูˆู‡.
08:10
DR: So every song within that is within our parameters of eight notes up,
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ุฅุฐู† ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุน ุถู…ู† ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช
08:14
major and minor, 12 notes across.
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ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 12 ู†ูˆุชุฉ.
08:16
So what you see in red is every popular melody
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู„ุญู† ุดุงุฆุน
08:19
that's ever existed and ever can exist.
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช.
08:21
So all Noah and I had to do is to be able to exhaust that remarkably finite,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู†ูˆุญ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู†ูุงุฏ
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ.
08:25
remarkably small data set.
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08:27
There aren't that many of them.
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู….
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููˆู‚ุŒ ูˆ12 ุนุฑุถู‹ุง.
08:29
Eight up, 12 across.
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08:31
You might say, Damien, songs are more than just melodies, there's chords too.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุง ุฏุงู…ูŠุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู„ุญุงู†ุŒ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุชูู‚ ู…ุนูƒู… ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุณู‡ู„.
08:35
And I would totally agree with you
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08:36
because it turns out that that's even easier.
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 2017ุŒ ุงุณุชู†ูุฐ ุจูŠุชุฑ ุจูˆุฑูƒูŠู…ุดูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุชุฑ.
08:38
In 2017, Peter Burkimsher exhausted every chord.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ โ€œุฌูŠุช ู‡ุงุจโ€
08:41
You can download it today in GitHub.
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ
08:42
We're instead focused not on lyrics, not on recordings,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุชุŒ ุจู„ ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
08:45
we're focused on melodies.
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08:47
And the thing is, we're running out
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ูุฐ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู„ุญู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
08:48
because the song isn't just a single melody,
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08:50
but there are many parts to a song,
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ
08:52
and each part of that song can have many motifs and melodies within it.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
08:56
So each song can have up to ten melodies and motifs.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู„ุญุงู†ุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุชูŠูุณ.
08:59
So SoundCloud, which is a way that musicians can upload to this website
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุงูˆู†ุฏูƒู„ุงูˆุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠูŠู† ุชุญู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
09:02
and distribute their work,
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุณุงูˆู†ุฏูƒู„ุงูˆุฏ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ 200 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ
09:04
SoundCloud currently has 200 million songs,
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09:06
and the number of open spaces is shrinking exponentially.
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ูˆุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตุบุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
09:09
Because every basement musician is recording, and theyโ€™re recording
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ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูŠุณุฌู„ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ูˆูŠุฑูุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจุŒ ูˆุณุจูˆุชูŠูุงูŠ ูˆุณุงูˆู†ุฏูƒู„ุงูˆุฏ.
09:12
and theyโ€™re uploading it to YouTube, to Spotify
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09:14
and to SoundCloud.
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09:16
And they are exhausting the entire mathematical data set.
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุณุชู†ูุฏูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง.
09:19
They're exhausting the open spaces.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชู†ูุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
09:21
until there are not going to be any more left.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ู† ูŠุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ.
09:23
What Noah and I have done is we're trying to preserve those spots that are left.
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ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู†ูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ.
09:27
We're trying to be able to take those green spots,
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ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฎุฐ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆูˆุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…
09:29
put them in the public domain
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09:31
so that other people can be able to make them.
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ุตู†ุนู‡ุง. ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†.
09:33
Because we're running out.
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09:34
The thing is we're just getting started because if you go to our website,
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูŠุจุŒ
09:38
AllTheMusic.info, you can not only download all the music we've made,
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AllTheMusic.info ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃู†ุงู‡ุง
09:41
which is a lot,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ
09:42
you can also download the program that we used,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุŒ
09:44
and we're giving away the code for free so you can expand upon our work.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ู…ุฌุงู†ู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง.
09:48
Something I didn't tell you is that those eight notes that we did,
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ุดูŠุก ู„ู… ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุนู„ู†ุงุŒ
09:51
as we speak right now, we've expanded that to 12 notes.
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุณูŠุนู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ 12 ู†ูˆุชุฉ.
09:54
So instead of just the white notes, now we've got the black notes, too.
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ู„ุฐุง ูุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
09:57
So we're covering jazz, classical music,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุบุทูŠ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ
09:59
and we think it's only a matter of time before somebody is going to expand that
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ูˆู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ุช ูู‚ุท ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจุชูˆุณูŠุน ุฐู„ูƒ
10:03
to do the entire piano keyboard
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ู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ูุงุชูŠุญ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูˆ
10:04
and take our 12 notes and expand it to 100
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ูˆุชุฏูˆูŠู† ู†ูˆุชุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู€12 ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุนู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ 100
10:06
with every rhythmic variation and every chordal variation
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ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฅูŠู‚ุงุนูŠ ูˆูƒู„ ุชุจุงูŠู† ูˆุชุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชู†ูุงุฏ
10:09
till our remarkably finite mathematical data set gets further exhausted.
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ.
10:14
This is going to happen.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ.
10:16
And the thing is, how is the law going to respond?
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆุŒ ูƒูŠู ุณูŠุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŸ
10:18
Because the thing is, we're not focused
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
10:20
on somebody copying a previous person's melody.
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ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูŠู†ุณุฎ ู„ุญู† ุดุฎุต ุณุงุจู‚.
10:22
We're focused instead on somebody accidentally copying a song
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุง
10:25
that they either have heard and forgotten about
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ุจู†ุณุฎ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆู†ุณูŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ
10:28
or have never heard before in their lives.
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ุฃูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุนูˆุง ุจู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู….
10:31
And the chance of landing in an open spot is remarkably small,
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ูˆูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุจูˆุท ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
10:34
and it's shrinking every day.
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ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชู‚ู„ุต ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….
10:36
And the thing is,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†
10:37
the odds of you as a songwriter getting sued are remarkably high.
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ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุถุงุชูƒ ุจุตูุชูƒ ูƒุงุชุจ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ.
10:40
And if you get sued, you're going want to think about
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุชู…ุช ู…ู‚ุงุถุงุชูƒุŒ ูุณุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ
10:43
what a judge or a jury is going to think about,
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ู…ุง ุณูŠููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ููŠู†ุŒ
10:45
and they are going to think about two questions.
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ูˆุณูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†.
10:47
The first question is:
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ:
10:48
Is that previous songwriterโ€™s copyright valid?
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ู‡ู„ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทุจุน ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ู„ูƒุงุชุจ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุตุงู„ุญุฉุŸ
10:51
Do they even have a copyright in that previous song?
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŸ
10:53
Second question is: Did you infringe their copyright?
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ: ู‡ู„ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุŸ
10:56
So to the first question, maybe the answer to that is no,
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุง
10:58
because if they're suing just over the melody,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฅุฐุง ุฑูุนูˆุง ุฏุนูˆู‰ ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ุญู†ุŒ
11:01
maybe that melody's existed since the beginning of time.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†.
11:03
Maybe there are only so many notes that are math, that are not copyrightable.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฎุถุน ู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ.
11:07
To the second question did you infringe, there are two sub questions.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุคุงู„ุงู† ูุฑุนูŠุงู†.
11:11
The first question is: Did you access, did you hear that previous song?
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ: ู‡ู„ ูˆุตู„ุชุŒ ู‡ู„ ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŸ
11:14
And if so, are those two songs substantially similar?
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูู‡ู„ ู‡ุงุชุงู† ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุชุงู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชุงู†ุŸ
11:17
Now the first question: Did you access or hear that previous song?
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ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„: ู‡ู„ ูˆุตู„ุช ุฃูˆ ุณู…ุนุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŸ
11:20
That's got a lot of problems, it's really problematic.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
11:22
And the reason for that is there are only a few cases
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
11:25
where access is crystal clear.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
11:27
For example, John Fogerty was alleged to have infringed John Fogerty
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฒูุนู… ุฃู† ุฌูˆู† ููˆุบุฑุชูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุฌูˆู† ููˆุบุฑุชูŠ
11:30
when he was part of Creedence.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ูุฑู‚ุฉ ูƒุฑูŠุฏู†ุณ.
11:32
So clearly John Fogerty had access to John Fogerty songs.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุฌูˆู† ููˆุบุฑุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุฌูˆู† ููˆุบุฑุชูŠ.
11:35
On the opposite end of the spectrum, on no access,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ูุฐุŒ
11:38
what if a baby were to sing into their toy?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุบู†ูŠ ููŠ ู„ุนุจุชู‡ุŸ
11:40
And again, as soon as the toy recorder happens,
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ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุญุฏูˆุซ ู…ุณุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉุŒ
11:42
it's copyrighted automatically, it's a fixed, tangible medium.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุญู…ูŠ ุจุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทุจุน ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุณูŠุท ุซุงุจุช ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณ.
11:45
So if a baby starts singing
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุงู„ุบู†ุงุก
11:47
Da da da da da, da da da da da da.
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ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง ุฏุง.
11:49
And a year later, Taylor Swift sings, "I stay up too late.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุบู†ุช ุชุงูŠู„ูˆุฑ ุณูˆูŠูุชุŒ โ€œู„ู‚ุฏ ุณู‡ุฑุช ู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
11:52
Got nothing in my brain."
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุฐู‡ู†ูŠโ€œ.
11:53
Clearly, Taylor Swift has not infringed that baby
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุชุงูŠู„ูˆุฑ ุณูˆูŠูุช ู„ู… ุชู†ุชู‡ูƒ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„
11:56
because Taylor Swift has not heard that baby's recording, OK?
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ู„ุฃู† ุชุงูŠู„ูˆุฑ ุณูˆูŠูุช ู„ู… ุชุณู…ุน ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ
11:59
Clear case of no access.
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ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู…ู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„.
12:01
But the thing is, almost none of the cases are that clear.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุญ.
12:04
What if there's a question mark
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญ ุชุณุงุกู„
12:05
as to whether the second person heard it or not?
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนู‡ุง ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ
12:08
Maybe they heard it, maybe they didn't.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุณู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุนู‡.
12:10
Maybe they heard it and forgot it.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุณู…ุนู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู†ุณุงู‡.
12:11
Maybe they subconsciously infringed.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุณุฑู‚ู‡ ู„ุง ุดุนูˆุฑูŠู‹ุง.
12:13
These are all what the law calls fact questions.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚.
12:15
And the thing is, almost every copyright case that comes out is a fact question.
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุทุจุน ูˆู†ุดุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
12:19
Almost never is it as clear as John Fogerty
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ูŠูƒุงุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ุฌูˆู† ููˆุฌูŠุฑุชูŠ
12:21
or as clear as Taylor Swift.
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ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุถุญู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ุชุงูŠู„ูˆุฑ ุณูˆูŠูุช.
12:23
Almost every case is that middle section,
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท
12:25
that fact question.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
12:26
And the hard part about fact questions is they're notoriously hard to resolve
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ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุตุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุญู„ู‡ุง
12:30
at an early stage in the case,
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ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉุŒ
12:31
because when you think about a life span of a lawsuit,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ุฏุนูˆู‰ ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุงุŒ
12:34
it starts out as a cease and desist letter.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ูƒุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ู ูˆูƒู.
12:36
You need to pay me or I'll sue you.
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ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฏูุน ู„ูŠ ูˆุฅู„ุง ุณุฃู‚ุงุถูŠ.
12:38
It goes forward and it's going to take years.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ุถูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ุง ูˆุณุชุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
12:40
And the thing about fact questions,
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ุŒ
12:41
they don't get resolved until the end of that process.
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ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุญู„ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
12:44
That's what happened to George Harrison.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ู„ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู†.
12:46
After trial, the judge said, "I think you subconsciously infringed."
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ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ: โ€œุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุฏูˆู† ูˆุนูŠโ€œ.
12:49
So if you're a songwriter who's never heard a melody before,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุคู„ู ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุน ุฃูŠ ู„ุญู† ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
12:52
but you are approached by somebody saying you stole their song,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู‚ุชุฑุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุดุฎุต ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ูƒ ุณุฑู‚ุช ุฃุบู†ูŠุชู‡ุŒ
12:55
what are you going to do?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชูุนู„ุŸ
12:56
Sam Smith was approached by Tom Petty.
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ุงู‚ุชุฑุจ ุชูˆู… ุจูŠุชูŠ ู…ู† ุณุงู… ุณู…ูŠุซ.
12:58
Tom Petty said, โ€œMy song โ€˜Wonโ€™t Back Downโ€™ sounds like your โ€˜Stay with Me.โ€™โ€
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ู‚ุงู„ ุชูˆู… ุจูŠุชูŠ: โ€œุฅู† ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูŠ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† ู„ู† ุชุชุฑุงุฌุน ุชุจุฏูˆ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงุจู‚ ู…ุนูŠโ€œ.
13:02
Sam Smith reportedly responded,
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ูˆุฑุฏ ุฃู† ุฌูˆุงุจ ุณุงู… ุณู…ูŠุซ ูƒุงู†ุŒ
13:04
"Hey, man, I've never heard your song before.
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โ€œู…ุฑุญุจู‹ุง ูŠุง ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ู„ู… ุฃุณู…ุน ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูƒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
13:06
That was written before I was born."
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุชุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชูŠโ€œ.
13:08
But if I was in Sam Smithโ€™s position,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุณุงู… ุณู…ูŠุซุŒ
13:10
I would look at this long road ahead of me and the prospect at the end
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุขูุงู‚ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
13:14
of a judge saying, you know, "I think you subliminally infringed."
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ู‚ุงุถู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ โ€œุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุง ุดุนูˆุฑูŠ.โ€
13:17
So what are you going to do?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชูุนู„ุŸ
13:18
It's not surprising that Sam Smith made Tom Petty a co-songwriter,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงู… ุณู…ูŠุซ ู‚ุฏ ุฌุนู„ ุชูˆู… ุจูŠุชูŠ ูƒุงุชุจ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒู‹ุงุŒ
13:21
giving Tom Petty a lot of his songwriting royalties.
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ู…ู†ุญ ุชูˆู… ุจูŠุชูŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุชุฃู„ูŠู ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ.
13:25
Radiohead had a song, "And I'm a creep. I'm a weirdo."
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ุฃู†ุชุฌุช ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆู‡ูŠุฏ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ โ€œูˆุฃู†ุง ุฒุงุญู. ุฃู†ุง ุบุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูˆุงุฑ.โ€
13:29
The Hollies said, "Hey, that sounds like our song."
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ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ูˆู„ูŠุฒ: โ€œู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุชู†ุง.โ€
13:32
They made them co-songwriters
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ุฌุนู„ูˆู‡ู… ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ
13:33
Lana Del Rey ironically, had a song that sounds like "Creep."
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุงุช ุฃู† ู„ุงู†ุง ุฏูŠู„ ุฑูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุซู„ "ุงู„ุฒุญู".
13:36
Offered to make them co-songwriters, reportedly.
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ุนุฑุถุช ู„ุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠุŒ ุญุณุจู…ุง ูˆุฑุฏ.
13:38
Katy Perry had a song that she testified
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ูƒุงุชูŠ ุจูŠุฑูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุดู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง
13:42
and all of her co-songwriters testified,
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ูˆุดู‡ุฏ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู† ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
13:44
"I have never heard that previous song before in my life"
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"ู„ู… ุฃุณู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ"
13:46
and the other side didn't dispute it.
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ูˆุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู… ูŠุฌุงุฏู„ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
13:48
They say, "We have no evidence that they actually heard the song,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†: โ€œู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุณู…ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ
13:51
but we did have three-point-some million YouTube views,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจุŒ
13:54
so they must have heard it."
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุณู…ุนูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒโ€œ.
13:55
A jury agreed with them and Katy Perry was on the hook for 2.8 million dollars.
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ูˆุงูู‚ุช ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ููŠู† ู…ุนู‡ู… ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุงุชูŠ ุจูŠุฑูŠุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒ ู„ู…ู†ุญ 2.8 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ.
13:59
Now, if you are an accused songwriter who's never heard the song before,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ูƒุงุชุจ ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‡ู…ู‹ุง ูˆู„ู… ุชุณู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
14:03
that is an untenable position.
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ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆู‚ู ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู†ู‡.
14:04
How are you going to avoid getting shaken down
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ูƒูŠู ุณุชุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุนุงุฌ
14:06
for something that you may have never heard?
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ุจุณุจุจ ุดูŠุก ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุณู…ุนู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŸ
14:08
Shouldn't there be an easier way?
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ุฃู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ
14:10
Shouldn't there be a way that early on in that process
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ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุจูƒุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
14:13
for a judge or a lawyer to be able to have an early evidentiary hearing to say
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ู„ู„ู‚ุงุถูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠ ู„ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู„ุณุฉ ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุงุณุชุฏู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
14:16
maybe melodies are math, which are facts which are not copyrightable.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู† ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ ุจุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ.
14:20
Or maybe there's no evidence showing that this later person
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต
14:23
has heard the earlier person's song.
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ุงู„ู„ุงุญู‚ ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุน ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚.
14:24
Maybe the idea of subconscious infringement goes by.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ุงูˆุนูŠ.
14:27
Now if you are a songwriter, you should really care about this
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ุคู„ู ุฃุบุงู†ูŠุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชู‡ุชู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง
14:31
because each day you are walking in a minefield
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ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุชู…ุดูŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุญู‚ู„ ุฃู„ุบุงู…
14:34
that you didn't even know was there.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุนู„ู… ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
14:36
Youโ€™re trying to avoid every song, whether youโ€™ve heard that song or not.
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ุฃู†ุช ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฌู†ุจ ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ุณู…ุนุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุง.
14:40
And Noah and I, we're trying to preserve those open spaces
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ูˆู†ูˆุญ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
14:43
so that you can be able to make the music in the public domain
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ุญุชู‰ ุชุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…
14:46
in a way that you've always thought it.
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุทุงู„ู…ุง ููƒุฑุช ุจู‡ุง.
14:48
The question is not: โ€œHave I made this new song or not?โ€
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ: "ู‡ู„ ุตู†ุนุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุงุŸ"
14:50
Because no song is new.
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ู„ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
14:51
Noah and I have exhausted the data set.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู†ูุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆู†ูˆุญ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช.
14:53
The real question:
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ:
14:55
"Is my song a green song, or is my song a red song?"
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"ู‡ู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูŠ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุถุฑุงุก ุฃู… ุฃุบู†ูŠุชูŠ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŸ"
14:57
Or perhaps the real question is:
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ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ:
14:59
Should you have the blank page that everybody thinks is there
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ูุงุฑุบุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
15:02
in the first place?
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŸ
15:03
If you're a judge or a lawyer,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุงุถูŠุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงู…ูŠุงู‹
15:05
think about having an early evidentiary hearing
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ูููƒุฑ ููŠ ุนู‚ุฏ ุฌู„ุณุฉ ุงุณุชู…ุงุน ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ
15:08
to be able to take the evidenciary burden from the defendant
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ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุนุจุก ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุนู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡
15:10
to prove negative that they've never heard that song
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ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„
15:13
and bring it back to the plaintiff where it belongs,
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ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูŠ ุญูŠุซ ุชู†ุชู…ูŠุŒ
15:15
that they have to prove that the other side heard the song.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ.
15:18
And they have to prove that that melody is more than just a fact.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
15:21
And if you are a song lover, you should really care about this
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ู…ุญุจูŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠุŒ ููŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชู‡ุชู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
15:24
because the current state has a chilling effect on songwriters.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ุฎูŠู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุคู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ.
15:27
Something that I haven't told you is that George Harrison, after the trial,
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู‡ุงุฑูŠุณูˆู†ุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉ
15:31
he stopped writing music for a while.
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ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
15:33
He told "Rolling Stone" that, after the trial,
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ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู€ โ€œุฑูˆู„ูŠู†ุฌ ุณุชูˆู†โ€ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉ
15:35
"It's hard to start writing again
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โ€œู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
15:36
because every song I hear sounds like something else."
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ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุณู…ุนู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ.โ€
15:39
There's a reason for that, George.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุฌูˆุฑุฌ.
15:41
Because there are only so many notes.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุงุช.
15:42
There are only so many melodies.
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†.
15:44
And the open spaces are running out exponentially.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุชู†ูุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
15:48
Now, ironically, Noah and I have made all the melodies
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุงุชุŒ ุฃู† ู†ูˆุญ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุตู†ุนู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุญุงู†
15:51
and put them into the public domain
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ูˆู†ุดุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุทุจุน
15:53
in an effort to try to give songwriters more freedom,
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ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุญ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฒูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ
15:55
to be able to make more and more music
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ู„ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุชุฃู„ูŠู ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰
15:57
and less fear of accidentally stepping on musical landmines.
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ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ุฎูˆูู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุณ ุนุฑุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ุบุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
16:01
Noah and I have made all the music
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุนู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆู†ูˆุญ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰
16:03
to be able to allow future songwriters
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ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
16:06
to make all of their music.
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ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ุงู‡ู….
16:10
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
16:11
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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