Should Have VS Could Have [English Grammar Lesson]

289,832 views ใƒป 2018-06-15

Speak English With Vanessa


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.comใฎVanessaใงใ™ใ€‚
00:05
Could have, should have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Should have, could have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
Which one should I use?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:10
Let's talk about it.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:12
Today, we're going to talk about two verbs that a lot of English learners have questions
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹2ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
00:20
about.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
These verbs, could have and should have, will help you to speak advanced English, will help
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ๆŒใคในใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€
00:26
you to understand fast English conversations and will help you to just sound more natural.
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้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
Let's start by talking about should have.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:35
Let's imagine that your boss comes up to you and he says, "Hey.
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ไธŠๅธใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅ ใฆใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑ
00:40
We have a special opportunity in London next week for business.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใงใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆฉŸไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚่กŒใฃ
00:44
I want you to go.
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ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:46
Can you go to London next week on a business trip?"
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ๆฅ้€ฑใ€ๅ‡บๅผตใงใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใ‘ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:50
You smile at your boss and you say, "Sure, I'll go."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธŠๅธใซๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใ‚“ใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
In your mind, you're thinking, oh no.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚
00:57
Oh no.
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ๅคง้‡Žใ€‚
00:58
I ... studied English more.
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็งใฏ...ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:02
What should we fill in in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซไฝ•ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:05
I should have studied English more.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:09
I don't have anymore time.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:10
I have to go on this trip, and I'm not going to be able to communicate.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ ้€šไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:14
I should have studied more.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅ
01:16
I want to give you a scenario, so that you can fill in a sentence by yourself before
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
01:21
we talk about the grammar.
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ใ€‚
01:23
I think that really working through it in your mind yourself is going to help this concept
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็งใŒใ™ใใซใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
01:28
stick with you, instead of me just giving you the rule right away.
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ใ€‚
01:31
Okay, so let's imagine the scenario of you having the opportunity to go to New York.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใๆฉŸไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:38
You decide to go to New York, but it's February.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ2ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
February in New York is really cold, and we have some more bad news.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใฎ2ๆœˆใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฏ’ใใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
You forgot to bring your winter coat.
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ๅ†ฌใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:50
What were you thinking?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•
01:51
How can you create a sentence using should have to talk about this situation?
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:57
You're in New York, it's freezing cold.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‡ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฏ’ใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
It's February, and you don't have a coat.
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2ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ไธŠ็€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:02
I should have something.
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:04
Think about that for just a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:05
How can you finish that sentence?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:07
I should have ... You might say, "I should have brought a coat.
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็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸ...ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใŸ
02:12
I should have thought about this earlier.
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ใฏใšใ ใฃใŸใ€‚็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
02:16
I should have planned better."
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ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚็งใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ˆใ่จˆ็”ปใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
02:19
This is something that is negative.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
It's a regret, and that's how we use should have.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅพŒๆ‚”ใงใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†ในใๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
We use it to talk about something that you regret, something that's negative.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:31
When you're talking about this negative thing, this disappointment, this regret, you can
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๅคฑๆœ›ใ€ใ“ใฎๅพŒๆ‚”ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
02:36
use the word should have.
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ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆŒใคในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
If you would like to sound like a native speaker, you shouldn't say, "I should have brought
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ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:44
my coat."
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ใ€‚
02:45
Instead, you can shorten should have in two different ways.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
The first one is to say, "I shoulda brought my coat.
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ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ŒไธŠ็€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ ใ€‚ไธŠ็€ใ‚’
02:53
I shoulda brought my coat."
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ๆŒใฃใฆใใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:54
If you use shoulda, or if you use the second shortened version, you need to say it pretty
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shouldaใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ™ใ ใซ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:59
quickly.
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ใ€‚
03:00
You don't want to really slow down too much, I shoulda brought my coat.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้…ใใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:06
The reason why we reduce words is to speed up our language.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™็†็”ฑใฏ ใ€่จ€่ชžใ‚’ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
I want to make sure that you use this correctly.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:13
Make sure you say, "I shoulda brought my coat."
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ๅฟ…ใšใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไธŠ็€
03:16
You could also say, "I should've brought my coat."
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
This is a contraction.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ธฎ็ด„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
You might see this sometimes written in really casual situations.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช็Šถๆณใงๆ™‚ใ€…ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:28
In general, shoulda and should have are only spoken.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€shouldaใจshouldhaveใฏ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
I should have brought my coat.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:34
I shoulda brought my coat.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
03:36
I hope that you can say those sentences fast, and use this for something that's a regret,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ€ๅคฑๆœ›ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:41
a disappointment.
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ใ€‚
03:42
I shoulda studied English.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
I should have brought my coat.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‘ใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:45
Now, let's talk about could have.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:49
Before I explain it, I want you to try to make a sentence with it yourself like before.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจ ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
Let's imagine that you're in New York City.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏๅธ‚ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:55
You have the option to go to the Empire State Building or the Statue of Liberty.
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ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒ“ใƒซใพใŸใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:01
Let's say you choose the Empire State Building.
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ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒ“ใƒซใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:03
It's an iconic experience, great view of the city, so you have chosen to go to the Empire
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฑกๅพด็š„ใชไฝ“้จ“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ก—ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใช ใฎใงใ€ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒ“ใƒซใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:09
State Building.
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ใ€‚
04:10
How can you create a sentence using could have to talk about the option that you didn't
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้ธๆŠžใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใ
04:16
choose?
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:17
You didn't choose the Statue of Liberty, so how can you craft a sentence using could have?
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่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:24
Think about that for just a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:27
You could have said, could have, I just used it, you could have said, "I could have gone
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ใ€Œ่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใฏใงใใŸใŒใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ไฝฟใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
04:35
to the Statue of Liberty, but I didn't."
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ใชใ„ใ€‚
04:38
This situation is just a choice.
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:40
It's not a regret.
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ๅพŒๆ‚”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:42
It's just a choice.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:43
It's the thing I didn't do.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:45
I could have gone to the Statue of Liberty but instead, I went to the Empire State Building.
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่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚จใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒ“ใƒซใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:51
You're not really expressing regret or disappointment, something negative.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚„ๅคฑๆœ›ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:56
You're just showing that this is the thing I didn't do.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:59
I could have gone to the Statue of Liberty, but I decided not to.
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่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:03
Like with should have, you can really reduce could have in the same way.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
I coulda gone to the Statue of Liberty.
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็งใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:12
I could've gone to the Statue of Liberty.
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็งใฏ่‡ช็”ฑใฎๅฅณ็ฅžใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:15
These are great in spoken English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
05:17
I don't really recommend writing them unless you're writing something really casual.
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ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—
05:21
You can write it in the comments if you want to practice it.
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชไผš่ฉฑใฎใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใง
05:23
Make sure that you shorten your sentences with these reductions in casual conversation.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:28
Before we go, let's take a look at two sentences, one using a shoulda and one using coulda right
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใง2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚1ใคใฏshouldaใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏcouldaใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„
05:33
here.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:34
Let's talk about that verb that follows these two expressions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ่กจ็พใซ็ถšใๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:37
What is it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:38
Is it past tense, present tense, another tense?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:42
This is the past participle.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:45
I shoulda studied English earlier.
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็งใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:50
Studied looks like the past tense, but really this is the past participle.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใง
05:54
You need to make sure that you follow these two expressions with the past participle.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎ่กจ็พใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:00
I coulda slept but instead, I studied English.
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:04
I coulda slept, I coulda gone to the store.
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็งใฏ็œ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€็งใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚
06:09
Gone is that past participle.
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ใใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:11
I coulda taken out the trash, but I decided not to.
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ใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจ ใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:14
Before we go, let's say these two sentences out loud.
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่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:17
I challenge you to read them out loud with me to use your speaking muscles.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ™็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅคงๅฃฐใง่ชญใฟไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:20
The first one is, I shoulda studied English earlier.
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ไธ€ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸ ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Can you say it fast with me?
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:25
I shoulda studied English earlier.
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็งใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:27
I shoulda studied English earlier.
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็งใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:29
Your face probably looks a little disappointed, because you're expressing regret.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ก”ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ‘ใ—ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Make sure that you're not smiling, oh I shoulda studied English earlier.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚็งใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Instead, you're a little serious, I shoulda studied English earlier.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็œŸ้ข็›ฎใงใ™ใ€็งใฏ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
In the second sentence, I coulda slept but instead, I studied English.
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€็งใฏ็œ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:46
Can you say that with me?
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:47
I coulda slept but instead, I studied English.
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:52
That's what you're doing now.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:53
You prioritized English, I coulda slept.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ„ชๅ…ˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ็œ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:57
Can you say that fast?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:59
I coulda slept but instead, I studied English.
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:01
I coulda slept but instead, I studied English.
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:04
Thanks so much for learning should have and could have with me.
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ๅญฆใถในใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:07
Now, I have a challenge for you.
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
In the comments below this video, can you make your own original sentence using should
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹
07:14
have and could have?
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:16
Then, if you want to take it up to the next level and repeat it again, say it out loud.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅคงๅฃฐใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:21
Use your speaking muscles, because repetition is what's really going to help you remember
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฏใ€
07:25
how to use these expressions and help you to understand it when other people say it.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ— ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ€่ฉฑใ™็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:29
Write a comment, and I'll see you again next Friday for a new lesson here on my YouTube
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใพใŸ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:35
channel.
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ใ€‚
07:36
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:37
The next step is to download my free ebook, Five Steps to Becoming a Confident English
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€็งใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎ้›ปๅญใƒ–ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ5ใคใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
07:42
Speaker.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆตๆšข
07:43
You'll learn what you need to do to speak confidently and fluently.
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ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใŸใ‚
07:47
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more free lessons.
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ใซ็งใฎYouTubeใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
07:50
Thanks so much, bye.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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