How to Use Though in English | PLUS Although, Even Though, & As Though

14,432 views ใƒป 2024-04-10

Speak Confident English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Have you ever felt frustrated by these words in English though?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
00:04
Although even though and as though you might be wondering how
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใพใ‚‹ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃ็ขบใซ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ†ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
00:09
exactly are they different? Do they have the same meaning?
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๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
00:12
Can they be used interchangeably?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบ’ๆ›็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
00:14
And where exactly do you put them in the sentence?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ“ใซๆญฃ็ขบใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:17
Do they go at the beginning or the middle?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไธญ็›คใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๆททไนฑใฎใŸใ‚ใซ
00:19
Maybe you even avoid using these connectors due to that confusion.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
00:25
If that's the case, you're definitely not alone. However,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆฑบใ—ใฆไธ€ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
00:29
mastering these connectors is important.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ“ใชใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚จใƒฌใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใจใฎ
00:32
It helps you to present contrast with elegance, for example.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:36
They can also help you acknowledge opposing points of view and
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ใพใŸใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚„ๆœŸๅพ…ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
expectations,
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00:42
all of which are important for balanced nuanced conversations in English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎ ๅ–ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
00:48
Not only that,
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
00:49
these words often appear regularly in English conversations,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใ€
00:54
idiomatic expressions, films, literature and so on.
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ๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ๆ–‡ๅญฆใชใฉใงใ‚‚้ ป็นใซ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:58
Understanding and using these words correctly not only improves your English
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็†่งฃๅŠ›ใŒๅ‘ไธŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
01:03
comprehension, it also elevates your speech.
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ใ€ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎ่ณชใ‚‚ๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
So today we're going to explore the nuance of each of these connectors.
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ„ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆŽขใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:11
Throughout this lesson,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆใ€
01:12
you'll gain clarity on how and when to use each of these
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ„
01:17
connectors,
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ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’ใ„ใคใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
01:18
and together we'll take on challenges with practical examples so you can see
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ชฒ้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใ€
01:22
exactly where to use these connectors.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚’ใฉใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
In a sentence along the way.
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้€”ไธญใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใ€‚
01:28
I have a couple of quizzes for you as well to test your know-how.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒŽใ‚ฆใƒใ‚ฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:45
Now before we get started, if this is your first time here, welcome.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆใ‚ใฆๆฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
01:49
I'm Annemarie, an English confidence and fluency coach.
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ่‡ชไฟกใจๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒใฎใ‚ขใƒณใƒใƒžใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆ
01:52
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€
01:57
life and work in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚„ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
If you'd love to discover years of lessons and free resources for me,
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็งใŒ้•ทๅนดใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚„็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็งใฎ Speak Confident English Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ
02:04
you can find all of that and more at my Speak Confident English website.
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ใงใใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:08
While you're there,
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ใใฎ้–“ใซใ€
02:09
I recommend downloading my in-depth English fluency training called How to Get
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็งใฎๅพนๅบ•ใ—ใŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžๆตๆšขใ•ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€Œ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„
02:14
the Confidence to Say What You Want. Okay, to help us get started,
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ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค
02:19
I want to take a look at four example sentences. Number one,
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4 ใคใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ๅคง้›จใŒ
02:24
although it was raining heavily, the kids in insisted on playing outside.
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้™ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใซใ‚‚้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏๅค–ใง้ŠใณใŸใŒใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Number two, though she had studied for hours,
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใƒŠใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏ ไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
02:32
Nadia felt it was too early to take a break. Number three,
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ๆ—ฉใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€
02:36
even though Melissa had a long day at work,
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ใƒกใƒชใƒƒใ‚ตใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใง้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใซ
02:39
she decided to go for a run after dinner. And number four,
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ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ4็•ช็›ฎใซใ€
02:43
she acted as though she knew nothing about the surprise birthday party her
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฎถๆ—ใŒ่จˆ็”ปใ—ใŸใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใฃใŸ
02:48
family had planned. What's the common factor in each of these sentences?
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ใซๅ…ฑ้€šใ™ใ‚‹่ฆ็ด ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:53
Of course it's the word though,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ
02:56
but is the meaning the same in each one? The connectors though,
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใฏใ€
03:01
although and even though are often used interchangeably to introduce contrast.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ—ใฐใ—ใฐๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
In other words,
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03:07
they're used to highlight that two things are different or opposite.
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่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅๅฏพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:13
This is not unlike using the word but in English. In fact,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใจไฝ•ใ‚‰ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
03:17
in some of those sentences you could even replace the connector with the word.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ๅ˜่ชžใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
But for example, if we go back to that sentence,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใใฎๆ–‡ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:25
even though Melissa had a long day at work,
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ใƒกใƒชใƒƒใ‚ตใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใง้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๅค•้ฃŸ
03:28
she decided to go for a run after dinner with just a few small changes.
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ๅพŒใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:32
I can say the same sentence but use though, although,
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ€thoughใ€ whileใ€
03:37
or even that word, but for example,
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
03:41
Melissa was tired after a long day of work,
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Melissa ใฏ้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
03:44
but she still decided to go on a run after dinner.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:48
Although Melissa was tired after a long day of work,
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ใƒกใƒชใƒƒใ‚ตใฏ ้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใซ
03:51
she decided to go for a run after dinner. And finally,
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่ตฐใ‚Šใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
03:55
Melissa was tired after a long day of work.
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ใƒกใƒชใƒƒใ‚ตใฏ ้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:59
She still decided to go for a run after dinner though while the meaning of each
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใ‚‚ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ
04:04
of these though, although and even though is similar,
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ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ
04:07
there are subtle differences among each one and the connector as
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ใซใฏๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:12
though is completely different.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:15
So let's unpack all of that one by one.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใค่งฃๅ‡ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ
04:19
Let's start with the word though.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹
04:21
Unlike the other connectors we're going to review today,
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ไป–ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใ€
04:24
this one can be used at the beginning,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใฏๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใ€ไธญ้–“ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆœซๅฐพใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
04:26
in the middle and at the end of a sentence. For example,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
04:29
though she left home early, she arrived late for the interview,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ—ฉใๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใฎใซ ้ขๆŽฅใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ—ฉใๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใฎใซ
04:35
she arrived late to the interview,
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้ขๆŽฅใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚3
04:36
though she left home early and our third example, she left home early.
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็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ—ฉใๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:42
She arrived late to the interview though.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ขๆŽฅใซ้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ“ใซ
04:45
To decide where to put the word though in a sentence,
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ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ
04:48
you need to consider the meaning based on the context.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:53
So let's take a look at three uses of though first
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ though ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใšใ€
04:58
though can be used to mean despite when the word though is used in
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though ใฏใ€ใ“โ€‹โ€‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ˜่ชžใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
05:03
this way, it is typically used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.
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ใ€‚้€šๅธธใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใพใŸใฏ้€”ไธญใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:07
Let's take a look at a few examples and compare it to using despite
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใƒชใƒชใƒผใฏๅ…„ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฎไฝฟ็”จใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใƒชใƒชใƒผใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ๅ›ฐใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹
05:12
or despite the fact that Lily was fond of her brother,
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05:17
though he did everything he could to annoy her here,
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้™ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใƒชใƒชใƒผใŒๅ…„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰
05:21
I could replace though with despite or despite the fact that Lily was fond
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ใšใ€ใพใŸใฏใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใจ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:25
of her brother despite the fact that he did everything he could to annoy her.
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ๅฝผใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ๅ›ฐใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ…„ใ‚’ๆ„›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:31
As you can see with the use of though and despite the fact that we're
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05:36
indicating contrasting or opposing statements.
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ๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใชใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅๅฏพใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€though ใจใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
05:39
Here's another example though. I tried to limit my coffee intake.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎๆ‘‚ๅ–้‡ใ‚’ๅˆถ้™ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’
05:45
I've had three cups of coffee today. Similarly,
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3ๆฏ้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€็งใฏ
05:48
I could use despite the fact that I try to limit my coffee intake,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฎๆ‘‚ๅ–้‡ใ‚’ๅˆถ้™ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
05:54
I've had three cups today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ3ๆฏ้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:56
The second use of though is in replace of the words. However or but,
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but ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
06:01
and when we use it in this way,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’
06:04
it intends to weaken or soften the previous statement.
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ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:09
We'll take a look at several examples to see this in action,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎ้…็ฝฎ
06:12
and I want you to pay attention to the placement of the word though
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ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
06:17
in this context.
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ใ€‚
06:18
It's usually used in the middle or at the end of the sentence.
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้€šๅธธใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎ้€”ไธญใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆœซใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
For example, the vacation request will likely be denied.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไผ‘ๆš‡ ็”ณ่ซ‹ใฏๆ‹’ๅฆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Though it's still worth asking. I could use the word,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ
06:31
but instead the vacation request will likely be denied,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไผ‘ๆš‡ ็”ณ่ซ‹ใฏๆ‹’ๅฆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
06:36
but it's still worth asking as you can see in these two example sentences
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ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:41
by adding on that contrast language though or but followed
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅฏพๆฏ”่กจ็พใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
06:46
by an opinion that it may still be worth asking for some time off.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ไผ‘ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
I'm softening or weakening the idea that this vacation
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็งใฏใ€็™ฝใ‹้ป’ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใƒปใ‚ชใ‚ขใƒปใƒŠใƒƒใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใฏใชใใ€ ใ“ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡
06:55
request will be denied rather than an all or nothing black
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็”ณ่ซ‹ใŒๆ‹’ๅฆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใŸใ‚Šๅผฑใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:00
or white statement. There is an area of gray there.
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏ็ฐ่‰ฒใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:05
Let's take a look at another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:08
Wendy said she'll be here in about 30 minutes,
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฏ 30 ๅˆ†ใปใฉใงใ“ใ“ใซ็€ใใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
07:10
though I'm unsure with all this traffic.
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ใ“ใฎไบค้€š้‡ใฎๅคšใ•ใงใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:13
Wendy said she'll be here in about 30 minutes. However,
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฏ30ๅˆ†ใปใฉใงๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
07:17
I'm unsure with all this traffic.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎไบค้€š้‡ใงใฏไธๅฎ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:20
And now here's a pair where we can move the word though to the very end of the
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็งปๅ‹•ใงใใ‚‹ใƒšใ‚ขใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™
07:24
sentence. She called me yesterday and it was a brief conversation.
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ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅฝผๅฅณใ‹ใ‚‰้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€็Ÿญใ„ไผš่ฉฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:29
I don't remember what we talked about though. Similarly,
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใ‘ใฉใ€‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€
07:33
I could say she called me yesterday and it was a brief conversation.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅฝผๅฅณใ‹ใ‚‰้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿญใ„ไผš่ฉฑใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:37
I don't remember what we talked about. However, in this case,
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
07:41
by adding though at the very end,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ but ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€
07:44
it's as if I'm adding that second statement as an afterthought.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅพŒไป˜ใ‘ใง่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
And finally, the third use of though is to replace words such as regardless,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€though ใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œ ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:54
nonetheless, and any way. For example,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:58
maybe a friend of yours knows you have a business trip tomorrow and she sends
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ‡บๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œ
08:01
you a quick message saying, would you like a ride to the airport tomorrow?
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ็ฉบๆธฏใพใง่ปŠใง้€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:05
In response, you could say, I have already booked my Uber.
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ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใ™ใงใซ Uber ใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
08:09
Thanks though we typically use that expression, thanks though,
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใซใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๆ–ญใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹
08:14
or thanks anyway to say that you appreciate the offer,
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
but you're going to decline it.
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08:19
It is a nice way to say thank you even though you're not accepting
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ใŸใจใˆ
08:24
what somebody else has offered.
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Let's take a look at one more example and then I've got a quick quiz for you.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:31
Perhaps your coworker knows it's been a particularly busy day.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใŒ ็‰นใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจ
08:35
You have a long list of to-dos. So she says this,
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ใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€
08:39
I can take on a few of your tasks if you'd like,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใใฎ
08:42
and although you appreciate the offer, you don't really need it at this point.
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็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใซใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:47
You've gotten most of your list done, so you might say I'm almost done.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ็งใ‚‚ใปใผๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:52
Thank you though, I appreciate it.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
Before we move on to take a look at how to use all though,
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all ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
08:58
I want you to review this one sentence and determine the
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ใ“ใฎ 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
09:03
meaning of the word. Though though I usually back up my phone,
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ใ€‚ ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏ
09:08
I lost most of my recent photos in this sentence.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆ’ฎใฃใŸๅ†™็œŸใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ but but ใ‚’
09:13
Are we using though to indicate however or but are we
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฎ
09:18
using it in place of despite the fact that or are we using
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃ็ขบใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€B ใ‚’
09:22
it to replace nonetheless or anyway if you selected
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้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใงใ™
09:28
B despite the fact that you're exactly right.
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ใ€‚
09:31
And now let's talk about the word.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:34
Although the words although and though can be used interchangeably.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œthoughใ€ใจใ€Œ thoughใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:39
However, there are two important distinctions to keep in mind. Number one,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็•™ๆ„ใ™ในใ้‡่ฆใช้•ใ„ใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ€Œ
09:43
the word although is considered a more formal choice. And number two,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช้ธๆŠžใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€
09:48
it introduces a surprising contrast.
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้ฉšใในใใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:52
So some opposing idea or statement that you didn't really expect.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไบˆๆœŸใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅๅฏพใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„็™บ่จ€ใ€‚
09:57
Let's take a look first at a few examples of where we might use
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ใพใšใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:02
though. And although interchangeably, if for example,
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
10:07
you're using the word though to replace the words,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ but ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:10
but or however this is where we can use although interchangeably,
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ใพใŸใฏใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—
10:15
again, it's a more formal choice,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝขๅผ็š„ใช้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰
10:17
but we can choose between either one and because it is being used
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ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
10:22
as a conjunction,
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ใ€
10:24
we would use it at the beginning or the middle of the sentence only.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใพใŸใฏ้€”ไธญใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:29
I've got three example sentences for you and in each case you could replace.
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ 3 ใค็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:34
Although with the first example we learned about though, number one,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใง ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€
10:39
although many of the team members were on vacation,
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ใƒใƒผใƒ  ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎๅคšใใŒ ไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใงใ‚ใฃใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
10:41
the product launched without any issues. Number two,
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่ฃฝๅ“ใฏๅ•้กŒใชใ่ตทๅ‹•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ 2็•ช็›ฎใซใ€
10:46
Olivia came to the party although she didn't stay long. And number three,
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ใ‚ชใƒชใƒ“ใ‚ขใฏ้•ทใๆปžๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใใฎๅ ดใงใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
10:51
I knew it was the wrong decision, although I didn't say anything in the moment.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใŸๆฑบๆ–ญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:57
If you go back to review those sentences,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใซๆˆปใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ 2 ใคใงใฏใ€while ใฎ
10:59
you can use the word though in place of,
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ but ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
although in each one and in the second two,
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11:06
so in example sentence two and example sentence three,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ 2 ใจไพ‹ๆ–‡ 3 ใงใฏใ€but ใ‚’
11:10
you could also use however.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
11:13
And now this second distinction that we talked about,
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅŒบๅˆฅใงใ™ใŒใ€
11:16
although is typically used to introduce surprising contrast.
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้€šๅธธใฏ ้ฉšใในใใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:20
So it means that this has a slightly stronger feeling to it.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นใŒ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:25
For example, let's say that you're on vacation and you've got a lot of plans,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใงไบˆๅฎšใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใ‚’
11:29
so you're carefully reviewing the weather forecast and something unexpected
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ใ€ไบˆๆœŸใ›ใฌใ“ใจใŒ
11:34
happens. You might say this,
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่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
11:37
although the weather forecast indicated that we would have full sun all day,
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใงใฏไธ€ ๆ—ฅไธญๆ™ดใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ๅˆๅพŒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคง้›จใŒ
11:41
it started to rain heavily in the afternoon.
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้™ใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
11:45
Here we have two contrasting statements and there's an indication of something
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใช่จ˜่ฟฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹
11:50
surprising or unexpected. Here's another example.
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้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:55
I took piano lessons for years,
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็งใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
11:58
although I don't remember the musical scale. Now again,
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้Ÿณ้šŽใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
12:02
we have a bit of surprise here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใพใŸใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ้ฉšใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:04
You would assume that someone who has taken piano lessons for years would
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ‚’็ฟ’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€้Ÿณ้šŽใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
12:09
remember something simple like the musical scale.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:12
So we have this unexpected contrast and here's one
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ไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใง ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ
12:17
more example. The company went ahead with terminating the contract,
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ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:23
although the board members were on the fence about it.
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ๅ–็ท ๅฝนไผšใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆ…Ž้‡ใชๅงฟๅ‹ขใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใŒใ€ๅŒ็คพใฏๅฅ‘็ด„่งฃ้™คใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใŸใ€‚
12:26
And now let's talk about even though we can use though,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ eventhifใ€
12:31
although and even though interchangeably and among the three,
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whileใ€eventhใ‚’ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ€3ใคใฎไธญใงใฏ
12:36
even though is the strongest.
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eventhifใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:39
So if you think for a moment about those surprising or unexpected
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ฉšใในใใ€ใพใŸใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎ
12:44
contrasts, when something is particularly surprising,
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ๅฏพๆฏ”ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ็‰นใซ้ฉšใในใๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒ
12:48
even though is the more likely choice,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎ้ซ˜ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
12:52
it's also the most formal of the three. And just like the connector,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ
12:57
although we use even though at the beginning and in the middle of sentences,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใจ้€”ไธญใงใ€Œeventhใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€
13:02
let's take a look at a few examples. Number one,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€
13:05
even though Jessica was severely ill,
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใ‚ซใฏ้‡็ฏคใช็—…ๆฐ—ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฎ
13:09
she still worked hard to meet her deadline that day. Again, we could use though,
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็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซๅƒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡
13:14
or although in that same sentence, however,
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ใฎไธญใงใ€though ใพใŸใฏ While ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
13:17
this one has a particularly strong contrast and as a result,
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ็‰นใซ ๅผทใ„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
13:21
even though is a good fit. A second example,
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even while ใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใงใ™ ใ€‚ 2็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใŒๅผทใ„ๅๅฟœใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
13:25
the news channel continued to misrepresent ethnic groups even though
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใŒ ๆฐ‘ๆ—ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’่ชคใฃใฆไผใˆ็ถšใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹
13:30
the public had a strong reaction. And our third example sentence,
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ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใฏใ€
13:35
even though she was terribly nervous about the presentation,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆใฒใฉใ็ทŠๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
13:39
she spoke with confidence and clarity.
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ˜Ž็žญใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:43
Now that you have though, although, and even though in place,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใŸใจใˆ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชไฝ็ฝฎใซใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใงใฏ
13:48
let's take a look at as though because it's the odd one out rather
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ใชใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
13:53
than indicate contrast, we use as though for comparisons,
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใฎใŸใ‚ใซ as if ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
13:57
it's similar to using like or as if you'll often see
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like ใพใŸใฏ as if you will ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
these words used for descriptions and for hypothetical or
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ‚„ไปฎ่ชฌใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
14:07
even impossible situations. Let's talk first about descriptions.
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ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใช็Šถๆณใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใš่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:13
When we describe how someone feels, looks or appears,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ€่ฆ‹ใŸ็›ฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
14:17
we will often show a comparison between two things to create a more vivid
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฎฎๆ˜Žใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
14:22
explanation,
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14:24
and this is where the connector as though is helpful.
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ใ“ใ“ใง ใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:28
For example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
14:30
the entire family celebrated as though they had won the lottery.
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ๅฎถๆ—ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฅใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:35
Now the truth is they didn't win the lottery,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็œŸๅฎŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™
14:37
but you can imagine how a family might celebrate if they did and whatever
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ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅฎถๆ—ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฅใ†ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€
14:42
event was happening at that particular time,
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใŸๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
14:45
perhaps someone's birthday or an anniversary,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅ ใ‚„่จ˜ๅฟตๆ—ฅใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€
14:47
they were celebrating as though they had won the lottery.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎใใ˜ใ€‚
14:53
Here's another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
The sky was dark and gloomy as though there was a severe rainstorm
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็ฉบใฏๆš—ใใ€ใพใ‚‹ใง ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ๆšด้ขจ้›จใŒ
15:00
coming. Now, the truth is there may not have been a severe rainstorm coming,
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ๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ๆšด้ขจ้›จใฏๆฅใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
15:05
but the color of the sky,
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ใŒใ€็ฉบใฎ่‰ฒใ‚„
15:06
the feel of the atmosphere made it feel like that might happen.
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้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใฎๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใใ†ใชไบˆๆ„ŸใŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:12
Now, to build onto that idea of descriptions, as I mentioned,
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไปฎๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’
15:16
we can use as though to indicate hypothetical situations,
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็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
15:20
so things that seem to be true even though they're not.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš็œŸๅฎŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:24
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใง
15:26
The colorful houses looked as though children had designed them.
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณใ—ใŸใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ•ใƒซใชๅฎถใ€…ใ€‚
15:32
Now of course, children probably did not design these houses, however,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่จญ่จˆใ—ใŸใฎใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅฟƒใซ้ฎฎๆ˜Žใชใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’
15:36
it's likely creating a vivid image in your mind.
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็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
15:39
You can imagine what these houses might look like if they had been designed by
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฎถใŒๅญไพ›ใŸใกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:44
children. Here's another example, and for this one,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎ ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€
15:48
I want you to imagine that we're talking about someone who is a skilled public
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15:52
speaker,
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15:52
someone who has presented to large audiences numerous times,
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่ฌ›ๆผ”ใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใชไบบใ€
ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎ่ด่ก†ใฎๅ‰ใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใŸไบบใ€
15:58
and yet for some reason on this particular occasion,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใง ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆฉŸไผšใซใ€
16:02
something is different. And you might say to your neighbor,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้•ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้šฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ้šฃไบบใ€
16:06
your coworker or friend sitting next to you,
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ๅŒๅƒšใ€ๅ‹ไบบใซ ใ€
16:09
why is her voice so shaky?
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ใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฃฐใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ้œ‡ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:12
She sounds as though she's never given a presentation before,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€
16:16
and here's a final example. It's so hot outside.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅค–ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:20
Peter just came into the office and he looks as though he ran a marathon. Now,
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ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซๆฅใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€ใพใ‚‹ใง ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใฃใŸใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
16:25
of course, Peter did not run a marathon,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
16:27
but you can imagine how someone might look at the end of running a full length
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ใŒใ€
16:31
marathon on a hot summer's day. Again,
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ๆš‘ใ„ๅคใฎๆ—ฅใซใƒ•ใƒซใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Š็ต‚ใˆใŸไบบใŒใฉใ‚“ใช่กจๆƒ…ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฎฎๆ˜Žใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
16:34
we're using this to compare two things in an effort to create a more
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
16:39
vivid explanation. With all that in mind, I have a quick quiz for you.
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ใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:45
I want you to take a look at this sentence and decide whether you should use as
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ as like ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใ‹ใ€
16:50
though, or even though in the sentence,
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
16:53
the night sky was lit up with stars,
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ๅคœ็ฉบใฏๆ˜Ÿใง็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€
16:56
someone had sprinkled glitter on a vast black canvas.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๅบƒๅคงใช้ป’ใ„ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒใ‚นใซใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚Šใฐใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:02
What do you think if you selected as though you're exactly right,
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใพใ•ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
17:06
we're aiming to create a comparison here. Now,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
17:11
I know you're probably thinking Annemarie, this has been super helpful,
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒใƒžใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
17:14
but I really need to practice and I've got some good news for you over at my
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ใŒใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฎ
17:19
Speak Confident English website.
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Speak Confident English ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใง่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:21
You'll find this lesson and I have a worksheet you can download.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:25
On that worksheet,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใซใฏใ€
17:26
you'll find example sentences and the opportunity to choose whether you
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ€though ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€even but ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€as like ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
17:31
should use though, although even though or as though in each one.
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ใ€‚
17:36
So once you're finished here,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไฝœๆฅญใŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
17:38
I want you to go over to the Speak Confident English website and download that
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Speak Confident English ใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
17:41
worksheet. If you found today's lesson helpful to you,
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ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
17:45
I would love to know and you can tell me in a couple of simple ways. Number one,
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ใœใฒใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€YouTube ใง
17:49
you can give this lesson a thumbs up here on YouTube and while you're at it,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซ้ซ˜่ฉ•ไพกใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎ้–“ใ€
17:53
make sure you subscribe so you never miss one of my Confident English lessons.
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็งใฎ Confident English ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฟ…ใš็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:57
And number two, you can also share your comments, your questions,
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ใใ—ใฆ็ฌฌ 2 ใซใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€
18:01
your answers to my quizzes down in the comment section below.
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็งใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใธใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ”
18:05
Thank you so much for joining me and I look forward to seeing you next time.
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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