Have to vs. Need to vs. Must - What's the difference in English? (Advanced English Grammar)

108,848 views

2017-09-13 ใƒป Speak Confident English


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Have to vs. Need to vs. Must - What's the difference in English? (Advanced English Grammar)

108,848 views ใƒป 2017-09-13

Speak Confident English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Anne Marie with Speak Confident English and welcome to your Confident
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€Speak Confident English ใฎ Anne Marie ใงใ™ใ€‚Confident
00:05
English Wednesday lesson. Today I need to go to the store. Or I have to go to the
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English ใฎๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:13
store. I must go to the store. What do you think? Are all of those sentences the
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ™ในใฆ
00:21
same? Do they mean the same thing with need to, have to, and must? Or are there
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ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ need toใ€have toใ€must ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
00:29
some differences in English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
If you're not sure, then be sure to watch today's lesson. We'll talk about how
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใš ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:47
English speakers use these in real life, so that you can use them in the same way.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
Let's start by looking at need to because it's a little bit special, it's a
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need to ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๅˆฅใช
01:00
little bit different from have to and must. A few examples using need to
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ใฎใงใ€have to ใ‚„ must ใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ need to include ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—
01:07
include: I need to get my haircut; it's out of control. Or I need to call my mom
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆฏใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซๆฏใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:14
on her birthday. She really needs to do well on her exam this week. In each of
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ไปŠ้€ฑใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ๆˆ็ธพใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:23
those examples, when we say need to: I need to,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใงใ€need to ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€I need toใ€
01:28
she needs to, it shows that something is important or it's something that we
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she needs to ใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆ
01:34
should do. And that is the key. It is something that we should do or it's
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ
01:42
important to us to do. She needs to do well on her exam this week because it's
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็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฐ†ๆฅ ใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠ้€ฑใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใง่‰ฏใ„ๆˆ็ธพใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:50
important for her future. Maybe it's important for her opportunities to go to
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ๅคงๅญฆ ใซ่กŒใๆฉŸไผšใŒๅฝผๅฅณใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
01:55
a good university. I need to call my mom on her birthday because it's important
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ๆฏใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
02:02
to me and yes, I should do it. It's the polite and loving thing to do to call my
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซๆฏใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๆ„›ๆƒ…ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
02:10
mom on her birthday. Now let's look at how to and must
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
because there are many situations where both can be used and they have a lot of
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ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎ็ŠถๆณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใใฎ
02:22
similarities. So we'll start with how they are similar and we'll also look at
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้กžไผผ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–นๆณ•ใจๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
02:27
some differences. With have to and must we're expressing that something is an
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ใ€‚ have to ใŠใ‚ˆใณ must ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ
02:35
obligation, that it's a necessity or responsibility or something that is
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็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€ ่ฒฌไปปใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:41
required. It's not just important, it is required. For example, I have to get to my
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ใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใชใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ ๅฟ…้ ˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:50
meeting on time or I'm must get to my meeting on time. When we
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ไผš่ญฐใซๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไผš่ญฐใซๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
use those verbs, we're showing that it is an obligation, it is a necessity. Maybe if
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:04
I'm late to my meeting, my boss will be angry, maybe I'll get fired from my job
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ไผš่ญฐใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจไธŠๅธใซ ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒ“ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
03:09
and I don't want to take that risk. It is not only important it is a necessity.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏๅ†’ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใชใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅฟ…้œ€ๅ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Another example is: you must have a passport to travel abroad or you have to
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๆตทๅค–ๆ—…่กŒใซใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ€ใพใŸใฏๆตทๅค–ๆ—…่กŒใซ
03:26
have a passport to travel abroad. In that situation, it's not only important but it
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ใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
03:33
is a requirement. It's the law. You must or have to have a passport to travel to
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ใ€่ฆไปถใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝ ใซๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
03:41
another country. In those examples, must and have to are similar to need to but
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€must ใจ have to ใฏ need to ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
03:50
they focus more or they have a feeling, a connotation of something that is an
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณๅˆใ„
03:57
obligation, it is a necessity. But we can also use must and have to in some other
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ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ไป–ใฎๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง must ใจ have to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
04:06
similar ways. For example, both can be used to say that something is likely. For
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
example, maybe one day I go to my office, I walk in and I say oh my gosh it's so
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซ่กŒใฃใฆๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆ
04:20
cold in here! The heater has to be broken or the heater must be broken. In those
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏ’ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
04:27
sentences I'm expressing the likelihood or that I think something is likely. It
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ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
is likely that the heater is broken. We also use must and have to
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ใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ must ใจ have to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
04:41
to show emphasis. Emphasis is when we use stress on a word or a syllable to show
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ใ€‚ ๅผท่ชฟใจใฏ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆ
04:49
its importance, its value. For example, I could say: call me after your exam. I'll
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ใ€ใใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใ‚„ไพกๅ€คใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ๅพŒใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:57
be really curious to know how it went. Or I could add
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ†ใชใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
05:02
must or have to to show emphasis. That it's really important to me that you
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ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ must ใพใŸใฏ have to ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็งใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
05:08
call, that I truly am curious. For example, you must call me after your exam. I'm
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ใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๅพŒใซ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:14
going to be really curious to know how it went. Or you have to call me after
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ†ใชใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ๅพŒใซ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:20
your exam. And finally both must and have to can be used to show that we really
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€must ใจ have to ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
05:28
desire something or we really want something. For example, I can say I must
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
05:35
have pizza on my birthday or I have to have pizza on my birthday. It's not
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ใ€่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:41
something I eat very often and I really want it on my birthday; it's something I
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
05:46
desire. It's definitely not a requirement. Well, maybe it's a requirement. But it is
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่ฆไปถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆไปถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
05:54
something I desire and when I use must or have to it helps me express that. Now
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็งใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€must ใพใŸใฏ have to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
06:01
that we've talked about how must and have two are very similar, let's look at
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must ใจ have 2 ใŒ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
06:06
a few differences. Generally speaking, must is more formal which means we don't
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ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ must ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹
06:14
use it as often in spoken situations or conversations. Now I did say generally
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ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
06:23
speaking. That means it's true in general. And there are always exceptions. There
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่จ€ใˆใฐ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅธธใซไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
are people who have different preferences when they speak, so you will
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ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใฎๅฅฝใฟใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใง
06:34
hear it in conversation and other speaking situations, but generally we use
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ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใชใฉใง่žใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ
06:41
have to when we're speaking. And again, generally speaking, I can say that
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ have to ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
06:48
Americans tend to use have to. So if you're learning American English, you're
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏ have to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซ
06:54
traveling to or living in the United States, then you will be more likely to
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ๆ—…่กŒไธญใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:00
hear have to in conversations. Now we know that must and have to
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ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใง have to ใ‚’่žใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€must ใจ have to ใฎ
07:08
both are used for obligation, necessity, and requirement. But is it
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ไธกๆ–นใŒ็พฉๅ‹™ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ€่ฆไปถใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
07:15
something that your boss said you have to do or is it something that you feel
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ—
07:21
you must do? Is it a rule at the university that you have to turn off
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
07:29
your phone during an exam or must you turn off your phone when you
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่ฉฆ้จ“ไธญใฏๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ ้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
07:35
study because it helps you stay focused? In those questions we're talking about
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทไธญใฏ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฟใคใŸใ‚ใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅคงๅญฆใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏ
07:43
where or who the obligation comes from. Is it something coming from you, your own
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ใ€็พฉๅ‹™ใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎ
07:51
personal obligation or is it an outside authority or rule? A university rule, a
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช็พฉๅ‹™ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅค–้ƒจใฎ ๆจฉๅจใ‚„่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅคงๅญฆใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€
07:58
workplace regulation, something your boss said you have to do. Another general rule -
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่ทๅ ดใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ไธŠๅธ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซ -
08:07
remember general means most of the time but not all the time - must is often used
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ - ใฏ
08:14
for those personal obligations. I must turn off my phone when I study because
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช็พฉๅ‹™ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใŒๆ•ฃใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:19
it's too distracting. And have to is often used for outside authority or
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€have to ใฏ ๅค–้ƒจใฎๆจฉ้™ใ‚„่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
08:27
rules. For example, you have to turn off your phone during exams because it's a
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ่ฉฆ้จ“ไธญใฏๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ้›ปๆบใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:33
university rule or regulation. Okay, let's pause for a moment. How are you
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ๅคงๅญฆใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใพใŸใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ— ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‹
08:40
doing? This lesson is a big lesson. There's a lot of information to think
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๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๆ•™่จ“ใฏๅคงใใชๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
08:46
about, a lot of general rules to remember. So let's pause relax for a moment. If you
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:53
need to, pause the video, think a little bit about what we've talked about and
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆ
08:58
then we have one final thing to discuss. Okay if you're ready to go, let's go on
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ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 1 ใค่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰
09:05
to the very last part of our video. In all of the examples that we've discussed,
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ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใพใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใŸใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ใงใฏ
09:11
we've focused on positive sentences and in positive sentences need to have to
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ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใฎ need to have to
09:20
and must are often similar. Must and have to are more similar. But
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ใจ must ใฏใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ must ใจ have to ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
09:27
what happens when we use those in a negative sentence? For example, you
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ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใŸใจใˆใฐ
09:34
mustn't smoke in the building. If I say you don't have to smoke in the building,
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ใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉๅ†…ใงๅ–ซ็…™ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒซใฎไธญใงใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
09:43
are those two sentences the same? Do they have the same meaning? You mustn't smoke
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ใใฎไบŒใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:50
in the building. You don't have to smoke in the building. No. They definitely do
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ๅปบ็‰ฉๅ†…ใงๅ–ซ็…™ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅปบ็‰ฉๅ†…ใงๅ–ซ็…™ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้–“้•ใ„
09:57
not have the same meaning and that can be tricky. In positive sentences they
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ใชใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใใ€ ๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใง
10:03
seem very similar but when we use them in a negative form it completely changes
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:10
the meaning. When we use must not, it means that something is prohibited. It is
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. must not ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
10:17
against the rules or against the law. You cannot do it. But if I use have to or
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซๅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใง have to ใพใŸใฏ need to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
10:27
need to in the negative form, for example I don't have to or she doesn't need to,
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ I don't have to ใพใŸใฏ she doesn't need to ใฏใ€
10:35
it means it's your choice. There's no obligation.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พฉๅ‹™ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:40
There's no rule. It's up to you. So we can definitely say you mustn't smoke in the
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉๅ†…ใงๅ–ซ็…™ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
10:48
building. It's prohibited. It's not allowed; it's unacceptable. Or we could
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ใ€‚ ็ฆๆญขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“; ใใ‚Œใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
10:55
also say she mustn't be late again or she'll be fired. She mustn't be late
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไบŒๅบฆใจ้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไบŒๅบฆใจ้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„
11:01
again or she'll be fired. But for have to or need to I could say, I'm so glad I
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ใจ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€have to ใพใŸใฏ need to ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
11:10
don't have to get up early on Saturdays or I'm so glad I don't need to get up
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ใ€ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆ—ฉ่ตทใ ใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ
11:17
early on Saturdays. In those sentences I'm saying that it's my choice. There's
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆ—ฉ่ตทใใ—ใชใใฆใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ้ธๆŠžใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:24
no time I have to get up. I can get up early if I
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่ตทใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆ—ฉ่ตทใใงใ
11:29
want. I can get up late if I want. It's my choice. Okay we are finally done with
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ้…ใ่ตทใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ ้ธๆŠžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
11:36
this lesson and you made it to the end. I'm glad that you did. I know that these
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
11:42
can be really challenging so now I want you to get some practice so that it
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†ใฎใจๅŒใ˜
11:47
becomes easier for you to use these more naturally, in the same ways that native
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
11:53
speakers often use them. In the online lesson, I have a few challenge questions
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ใพใ™. ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
11:59
for you where I want you to create your own example sentences. Use your real-life
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง
12:06
using these verbs in some of the situations that I've talked about in
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ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใฆๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
12:11
this video. So I have four challenge questions for you in the online lesson.
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ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ ใงใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ‚ใชใŸใซ 4 ใคใฎใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:17
Make sure that you take a look at those and then share your comments, your
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎไธ‹้ƒจ
12:22
thoughts, practice in the comment section at the bottom of the lesson. It's the
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ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€่€ƒใˆใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ .
12:28
best place to join the discussion and get feedback from me every week. Thank
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ซใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฏŽ้€ฑ็งใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซ
12:34
you so much for joining me. I look forward to seeing your answers to my
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:38
challenge questions. And I'll see you next week for your Confident English
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ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใซๆบ€ใกใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
12:42
Wednesday lesson.
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ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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