8 things we love about Spain - Passive Voice

17,957 views ใƒป 2020-02-14

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Here are 8 things we love about Spain.
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŸใกใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 8 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:03
Can you guess what they are?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:33
Weโ€™ll tell you all about them in this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ในใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
And weโ€™re also going to quiz you about the passive voice in English.
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ใพใŸใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Most English sentences are organized like this one.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่‹ฑๆ–‡ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:45
They start with the person or thing that does the action.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใพใŸใฏ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:49
So โ€˜weโ€™ is the subject and it comes first.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใŒไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Sentences like this are active voice.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡ใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:56
But itโ€™s not the only way to organize sentences.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ•ด็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:00
Sometimes the thing that receives the action can be the subject.
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒ ไธป่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:04
And then we use the passive voice.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Hereโ€™s your first task.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ
01:08
Weโ€™re going to tell you about our trip to Spain and you have to spot the passive form.
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ใธใฎๆ—…่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
Ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™๏ผŸ
01:15
The first thing we love about Spain is the breakfasts.
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๆœ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
The weather is lovely so we often go out and have a tostada.
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ‚ˆใๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆ ใƒˆใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ€ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Thatโ€™s a piece of toast with jam.
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒ ใ‚’ใฎใ›ใŸใƒˆใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
Or ham and cheese, or tuna.
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ใพใŸใฏใƒใƒ ใจใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ„ใƒŠใ€‚
01:29
Whatever you want.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
01:31
And the coffeeโ€™s good too.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚‚็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:32
And the sugar!
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ใใ—ใฆ็ ‚็ณ–๏ผ
01:34
Some of the packets are printed with famous sayings and quotations.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏใ€ๆœ‰ๅใชๆ ผ่จ€ใ‚„ๅผ•็”จใŒๅฐๅˆทใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:39
We liked trying to work out what they meant in English and practicing our Spanish.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸ.
01:45
Did you spot this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:47
The verb is passive.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:49
The active version would look like this.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
But weโ€™re not interested in who printed the packets, so the passive voice is very
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใŒใƒ‘ใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅฐๅˆทใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใฏ้–ขๅฟƒใŒใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒ้žๅธธใซ
01:57
natural here.
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่‡ช็„ถใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
Thatโ€™s the important thing about passives.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎ้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:02
We use them when we donโ€™t know who does something, or if theyโ€™re not important.
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่ชฐใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ‚„ใ€้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
The focus is on the action.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธญๅฟƒใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Yeah, the action - not who did it.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ - ่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:13
But we can say who did it if we want.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€่ชฐใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
Letโ€™s see an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:18
Another thing we love about Spain is Almeria.
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใง็งใŸใกใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็‚นใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใƒกใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
Thatโ€™s the city we visited last fall.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๅŽปๅนดใฎ็ง‹ใซ่จชใ‚ŒใŸ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:24
Itโ€™s on the southeast coast and it has a port, a beach and a castle.
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ๅ—ๆฑใฎๆตทๅฒธใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆธฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใ€ๅŸŽใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
The castle was built in the 10th century by the Moors.
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ๅŸŽใฏใƒ ใƒผใ‚ขไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ 10 ไธ–็ด€ใซๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:36
The city has a beautiful old town with lots of historic buildings, but there arenโ€™t
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่ก—ใซใฏๆญดๅฒ็š„ๅปบ้€ ็‰ฉใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ—งๅธ‚่ก—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€
02:43
many tourists.
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่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:44
Most people work in agriculture and farming.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ่พฒๆฅญใจ่พฒๆฅญใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:47
A lot of Europeโ€™s fruit and vegetables are grown here.
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ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใฎๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„้‡Ž่œใฎๅคšใใŒ ใ“ใ“ใงๆ ฝๅŸนใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
02:51
We had a special reason for going to Almeria though.
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ใ‚ขใƒซใƒกใƒชใ‚ขใซ่กŒใใซใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:55
My grandson is there.
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็งใฎๅญซใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
In fact he was born there.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ“ใง็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:59
Youโ€™ll see him later.
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ๅพŒใงๅฝผใซไผšใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
But first some grammar.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€‚
03:03
With passives, if we need to say who did an action, we use the word โ€˜byโ€™.
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ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใงใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ€Œbyใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
So this castle was built by the Moors.
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ใ“ใฎๅŸŽใฏใƒ ใƒผใ‚ขไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:12
A question.
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่ณชๅ•ใ€‚
03:14
Do most passive sentences contain the word 'by'?
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œbyใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
03:19
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
03:21
Only about 20% do.
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็ด„ 20% ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:23
Thatโ€™s because the focus is on what happened โ€“ not who did it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ใง ใฏใชใใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใŒๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Two more examples.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ2ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
03:30
Notice the form.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:31
We use the verb โ€˜beโ€™ and the past participle of the main verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใจไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:36
These two sentences are present tense.
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ใ“ใฎไบŒใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
03:38
To switch to a different tense, we change the tense of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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ๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
Forming passives is normally straightforward.
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้€šๅธธใ€ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎไฝœๆˆใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:48
Knowing when to use them can be tricky though.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
But you know some already.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
For example, which sentence is correct here?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹?
03:57
Itโ€™s this one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
โ€˜Was bornโ€™ is the passive form of the verb โ€˜bearโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œใใพใ€ใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:05
The active would be โ€˜His mother bore himโ€™, which sounds really weird.
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฎๆฏ่ฆชใฏๅฝผใ‚’็”ฃใ‚“ใ ใ€ใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
And there are other verbs that you hear a lot in the passive form.
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:14
See if you can spot one.
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:16
Hereโ€™s something I didnโ€™t expect to find in Spain.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:20
There are a lot of Chinese convenience stores.
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ไธญๅ›ฝ็ณปใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹ใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚
04:24
They sell all kinds of things and they seem to be open all hours of the day.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ ๆ—ฅไธญ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:30
Most of the things they sell are made in China and theyโ€™re really cheap.
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ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใŒไธญๅ›ฝ่ฃฝใงใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฐใ‚
04:34
There were some things weโ€™d forgotten to pack.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
04:37
Like the plug adaptors for our toothbrushes.
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ๆญฏใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ทใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚ฐใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ—ใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
04:40
We found them here.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:42
Did you spot the passive form?
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:44
It was the verb โ€˜makeโ€™.
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ใ€Œไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:47
Youโ€™ll often hear it in questions too.
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่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
And I have another verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
Letโ€™s see it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:53
Thereโ€™s a Spanish vegetable soup that we love.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎ้‡Ž่œใ‚นใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:56
Itโ€™s called Gazpacho and itโ€™s served cold.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฌใ‚นใƒ‘ใƒใƒงใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ๅ†ทใ‚„ใ—ใฆๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
Very cold.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏ’ใ„ใ€‚
05:00
But you can buy it America.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใชใ‚‰่ฒทใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
Yeah, but in the US they add sugar.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏ็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Itโ€™s much nicer in Spain.
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎๆ–นใŒใšใฃใจใ„ใ„ใ€‚
05:07
'Call' is another verb youโ€™ll often hear in the passive form.
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ใ€ŒCallใ€ใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:12
If you donโ€™t know the name of something you can say โ€˜Whatโ€™s this called?โ€™
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:17
Itโ€™s a useful question when youโ€™re learning English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:21
Some very common phrases contain passives.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใฏใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:24
And sometimes the passive voice just sounds better.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:27
What do you mean?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:29
Letโ€™s see some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:32
Another thing I love about Spain is the tapas.
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็งใŒใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใงๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใƒ‘ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
Tapas are small plates โ€“ small dishes of food.
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ใ‚ฟใƒ‘ใ‚นใจใฏๅฐ็šฟ ๆ–™็†ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:39
Theyโ€™re served in bars so when you order a drink, it comes with one or two dishes.
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ใƒใƒผใงๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’้ ผใ‚€ใจ1ๅ“ใ‹2ๅ“ไป˜ใ„ใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
Tapas are sold all over Spain but in Almeria theyโ€™re special because there are big menus
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ใ‚ฟใƒ‘ใ‚นใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณๅ…จๅœŸใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใƒกใƒชใ‚ขใงใฏ ่ฑŠๅฏŒใชใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใงใใ‚‹ใฎใง็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™
05:52
to choose from.
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ใ€‚
05:53
What about those menus though?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒกใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:55
Could you find things you liked?
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ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:58
Ummm, sometimes, but they had a lot of meat and fish and that was difficult for me because
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‚‰ ใ‚„้ญšใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใชใฎใงๅคงๅค‰ใงใ—ใŸ
06:05
Iโ€™m vegan.
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.
06:07
Luckily Iโ€™m NOT vegan so I loved the tapas!
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ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€็งใฏใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฟใƒ‘ใ‚นใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
06:11
I thought the wine was wonderful, though.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:13
Ah!
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ใ‚ใ‚๏ผ
06:14
Thatโ€™s the next one!
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™๏ผ
06:15
We both love red wine and one of our favourite grapes is tempranillo.
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ไบŒไบบใจใ‚‚่ตคใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใƒ–ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใฎ 1 ใคใฏ ใƒ†ใƒณใƒ—ใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒผใƒชใƒงใงใ™ใ€‚
06:20
Itโ€™s used to make Ribera and Rioja wines.
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ใƒชใƒ™ใƒฉใจใƒชใ‚ชใƒใฎใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Our local market had big barrels of it.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎๅธ‚ๅ ดใซใฏๅคงใใชๆจฝใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:27
And even better, we could try it first to see if we liked it.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใ€ ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใพใ™.
06:32
Tapas is the subject of the first sentence here, and the second.
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ใ‚ฟใƒ‘ใ‚นใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ ใจ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
If we made the second sentence active, weโ€™d have to change the subject and that would
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไปถๅใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:44
sound awkward.
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ใŽใ“ใกใชใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
Another example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
06:48
We start with a passive verb here and continue with an active one.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ—่บซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:54
Sometimes mixing active and passive verbs letโ€™s us keep the same subject, so it sounds
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่ƒฝๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆททใœใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅŒใ˜ไธป่ชžใ‚’็ถญๆŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
07:02
better.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:03
One more example.
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
07:04
First we have the active voice, then the passive.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ€ๆฌกใซๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹
07:08
It wouldnโ€™t sound so good if we just used the active voice.
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ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„้Ÿณใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:13
With a passive verb, we can carry on talking about tempranillo.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€tempranillo ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:18
So sometimes the passive voice sounds more elegant.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚จใƒฌใ‚ฌใƒณใƒˆใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:23
It can sound more formal though.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
Itโ€™s more common in written English and youโ€™ll often find it in technical writing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใ‚ซใƒซ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚„ๆณ•ๅพ‹ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
07:30
and legal documents.
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ใ€‚
07:31
OK, I have another question.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
We form passives with the verb โ€˜beโ€™, but are there any other verbs we use?
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใงๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไป–ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:40
Yes!
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ใฏใ„๏ผ
07:42
See if you can spot one.
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:44
My favourite thing about Spain is the child-friendly culture.
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎๅฅฝใใชใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ๅญไพ›ใซๅ„ชใ—ใ„ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
It's a lovely place to bring up children.
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ๅญไพ›ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹ใฎใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:53
Whenever we went out with my grandson, we were stopped by strangers in the street.
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ๅญซใจๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ ้€šใ‚Šใง่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใฌไบบใซๅ‘ผใณๆญขใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:59
They all wanted to talk to him and tell us how wonderful he was.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ใ€ๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒ ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:04
And when we went into shops, he got given little gifts, like stickers or sweets.
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ใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใจใ€ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚„ใŠ่“ๅญใชใฉใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:09
He was given lots of candy.
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ๅฝผใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:12
And the funny thing is, heโ€™s only one so he doesnโ€™t actually know what sweets are.
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ใใ—ใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฝผใฏใŸใฃใŸไธ€ไบบใชใฎใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใŠ่“ๅญใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:18
His Mum and Dad donโ€™t let him eat sugar.
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ๅฝผใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใจใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฏๅฝผใซ็ ‚็ณ–ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:21
So what happens to the candy.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠ่“ๅญใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:23
Do they it throw it away?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆจใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:24
Oh no!
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ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸ๏ผ
08:25
I think it all gets eaten.
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ๅ…จ้ƒจ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:28
His dad likes sweets.
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ๅฝผใฎใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฏ็”˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
Did you spot the verb โ€˜getโ€™?
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ใ€Œgetใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:32
โ€˜Beโ€™ is the standard verb we use, but in spoken English, we often use โ€˜getโ€™
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œgetใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:39
instead.
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ใ€‚
08:40
These sentences mean the same thing, but the first one is more likely to be spoken.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใŒ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
You heard another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„
08:49
Notice that we need a passive here because we donโ€™t actually know who eats the candy.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
08:55
We have our suspicions though.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็–‘ใ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Weโ€™re watching you Tom!
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
09:00
OK, I have another question.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆง‹้€ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
09:04
Are โ€˜beโ€™ and โ€˜getโ€™ the only verbs we use in passive structures?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œbeใ€ใจใ€Œgetใ€ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‹ ?
09:10
No, they arenโ€™t.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:12
Thereโ€™s another verb with passive characteristics.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใช็‰นๅพดใ‚’ๆŒใคๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:16
Jay found a new toy to play with in Spain.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใง้Šใถๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:19
Yeah!
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ใ†ใ‚“๏ผ
09:20
A lot of Spanish supermarkets have machines like this.
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ๅคšใใฎใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฉŸๆขฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
The oranges get crushed by the machine and the juice comes out at the bottom.
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ใฟใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚’ๆฉŸๆขฐใงๆฝฐใ—ใ€ ไธ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆžœๆฑใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:29
So you donโ€™t have to squeeze your oranges yourself.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง็ตžใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
09:32
You can have them squeezed for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตžใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:34
Itโ€™s so cool.
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ใ™ใฃใ’ใƒผใ€‚
09:36
We heard another example of the verb get.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž get ใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
09:40
We often use passive forms to describe technical processes like this.
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใชใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:46
But what about this example.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
09:48
We could have bought the oranges, taken them home and squeezed them ourselves, but we didnโ€™t.
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ใฟใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆ ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง็ตžใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:56
We had them squeezed for us.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตžใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:59
The verb โ€˜haveโ€™ has a special meaning here.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œhaveใ€ใซใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
10:03
We use it to talk about a service thatโ€™s performed, and again it emphasizes the process
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ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
10:09
and not who does it.
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่ชฐใŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:11
Weโ€™ve made another video about โ€˜have something doneโ€™.
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:14
Iโ€™ll put the link here and you can check it out.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฒผใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใฎใงใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
10:17
Why not watch it next?
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ๆฌกใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:19
Yes, because itโ€™s time for us to say good-bye.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:22
If youโ€™ve enjoyed this video, please share it with a friend.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
10:26
And make sure you subscribe to our channel so you donโ€™t miss our future videos.
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ไปŠๅพŒใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใใ€‚
10:31
Bye-bye.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
10:32
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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