PAST PRESENT FUTURE | 12 English Tenses | Learn English Grammar Course

3,588,869 views ・ 2021-10-16

Shaw English Online


á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€–á€œá€„á€·á€șရနá€ș ဥေဏကá€șပါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာတနá€șသမျဏသကို နဟစá€șချကá€șနဟိပá€șပါ။

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
00:01
I’m Esther. Welcome to my  
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ငါက Esther ပါ။ ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏
00:03
English grammar course on the tenses. I’m going to teach you how to use the twelve  
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șသမဟ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș ။ အတိတá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș၊ အနာဂတá€șကာလ ဆယ့á€ș
00:08
tenses in the past, present, and future. It’s a great course, and there’s a lot of  
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နဟစá€șပါသကို ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€™á€šá€șဆိုတာ သငá€șပေသမယá€ș ။ သငá€șတနá€șသကေဏငá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€Ź ဥချကá€șအလကá€șမျဏသ
00:14
important information. So keep watching.
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á€…á€œá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș ။ ဒါဆို ဆကá€șကဌည့á€șပါညသ။
00:22
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
00:23
My name is Esther.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șနာမညá€șက Esther ပါ။
00:25
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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ဒဟနေ့ á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șကို သငá€șပေသရတဏ အရမá€șှစိတá€șá€œá€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
00:30
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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အခု ဒြသငá€șခနá€șှစာက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတာ
00:33
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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မို့ မငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လလယá€șá€€á€°á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပျေဏá€șစရဏကေဏငá€șသနေဥေဏငá€ș ငါ ဥကေဏငá€șသဆုံသ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€•á€«á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
00:37
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏ရညá€șရလယá€șချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကသဒá€čဒါကို á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șမညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို နာှလညá€șရနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
00:43
Let's get started.
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စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
00:47
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€șá€…á€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
00:51
The first usage is pretty easy.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€€ တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
00:53
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șမဟနá€șမျဏသ၊ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€á€›á€Źá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€šá€±á€˜á€Żá€šá€»á€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
00:58
Let's look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
01:00
‘The Sun is bright.’
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'နေက တေဏကá€șပတယá€ș။'
01:02
Now that's a fact.
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အခုက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
01:04
It doesn't change.
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á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čပါဘူသ။
01:05
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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နေက တေဏကá€șပနေတယá€șဆိုတာ လူတိုငá€șှသိတယá€ș။
01:08
It was bright yesterday.
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မနေ့က တေဏကá€șပနေခá€Č့တယá€ș။
01:09
It's bright today.
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ဒဟနေ့ တေဏကá€șပနေတယá€ș။
01:10
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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မနကá€șဖဌနá€șလညá€șှ တေဏကá€șပနေလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။
01:12
That makes it a fact.
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အá€Čဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပါပá€Č။
01:14
‘Pigs don't fly.’
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'ဝကá€șတလေ မပျံဘူသ။'
01:16
That's also a fact.
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ဒါလညá€șှ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
01:17
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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ဝကá€șမပျံသနá€șှဘူှဆိုတာ လူတိုငá€șသသိပါတယá€ș။
01:22
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတလေက ခလေသတလေထကá€ș ပိုကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
01:24
Now this you may not agree with.
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ယခု ကဥရဏကို သငá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€™á€á€°á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါ။
01:26
This is my truth.
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ဒါ á€„á€«á€·á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတရာှပá€Č။
01:28
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€á€œá€±á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€šá€±á€˜á€Żá€šá€»á€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌချကá€șတစá€șခု á€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șနေပါသညá€ș။
01:33
And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ဆေဏငá€șá€žá€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဥေသတယá€ș။'
01:36
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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ဒါက သငá€șနေထိုငá€șတá€Č့ နေရဏပေါá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတကယá€șမူတညá€șပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€œá€°á€á€±á€Źá€șတေဏá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€œá€°á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€†á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
01:41
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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၊ ဆေဏငá€șá€žá€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဥေသတယá€ș၊
01:44
so that's the truth for some people.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€°á€á€œá€±á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတရဏသပါပá€Č။
01:47
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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အခု ပဌနá€șကဌည့á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€ș á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ကို သုံသ လá€Č ကဌည့á€ș ရဥေဏငá€ș ။
01:53
For the first sentence, we have ‘is’.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'is' ရဟိသညá€ș။
01:56
I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun.
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နေမငá€șá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'be' verb 'is' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
02:01
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ do - 'do not' ဆိုတá€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို သုံသ
02:06
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€’á€źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș တလá€Čသုံသတဏ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
02:13
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတလေက ခလေသတလေထကá€ș ပိုကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
02:16
I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk about cats because ‘cats’ is plural.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź "are" ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș 'cats' က ဥမျဏသကိနá€șသပါ။
02:22
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ကတေဏ့ á€Ąá€±á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ဆေဏငá€șသရဏသဟပေါ့။
02:25
Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź "is" ကို ထပá€șá€™á€¶á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ
02:28
but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’
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'it' နဟင့á€ș 'is' တို့ကို ပေါငá€șှစပá€șရနá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
02:33
and made ‘it’s’.
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'it's' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
02:35
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
02:38
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဆလေသနလေသရနá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
02:43
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတá€Č့ á€Ąá€›á€Źá€á€œá€±áŠ
02:46
Let’s look at the examples.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
02:48
‘I always eat lunch at noon.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čစာှတယá€ș။'
02:51
You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I
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ငါ
02:56
do regularly.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șလုပá€șတá€Č့ဥရဏတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€­á€žá€±á€žá€” 'á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čတမá€șှ' ကိုသုံသတဏ မငá€șá€žá€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
02:57
What is that?
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€˜á€Źá€œá€Č?
02:58
‘Eat lunch at noon.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာစာှ။'
03:00
So I use the present simple tense.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șှတာကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
03:03
And here I use the verb ‘eat’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါ 'စာှ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသပါတယá€ș။
03:05
‘I eat
’
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'ငါစဏသတယá€ș...'
03:07
The second example says you play games every day.
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ဒုတိယငပမဏက မငá€șှ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့တယá€șဆိုတယá€ș။
03:11
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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ကဥရဏသညá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€șကို သငá€șသိရနá€ș ကူညဟပေသသည့á€ș သá€Čလလနá€șစကို သငá€șမဌငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
03:16
It's ‘every day’.
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'နေ့တိုငá€șှ' ပါ။
03:18
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€ș á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€á€…á€șခုဥနေနá€Č့ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတဏ
03:21
so you play games.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဂိမá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€†á€±á€Źá€·á€•á€«á‹
03:23
The verb here is ‘play’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€ŹáŒ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
03:25
‘You play
’
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'မငá€șှကစာှတယá€ș...'
03:28
The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက 'Seth က နေ့စဉá€ș မနကá€ș 9:00 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șစတယá€ș။
03:33
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
03:36
‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day.
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'Seth က နေ့တိုငá€șှ မနကá€ș 9:00 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
03:40
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.
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အခုဆို starts á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€Ąá€•á€Œá€Źá€›á€±á€Źá€„á€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသလေသ ရေသထဏသတဏကို á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
03:45
Can you figure out why?
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Čဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
03:47
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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ဝါကျတစá€șá€á€Żáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'he', 'she', á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șသေဏဥခါ
03:52
we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
03:59
Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’.
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Seth သညá€ș 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ကို ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
04:03
‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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'Seth သညá€ș နေ့စဉá€ș နံနကá€ș ၉ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€á€œá€„á€ș အလုပá€șစတငá€șသညá€ș။'
04:07
And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသ ငပမဏ- 'သူတို့က တနငá€șá€čá€œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€šá€ș။'
04:12
Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly,
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တဖနá€ș 'တနငá€șá€čá€œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ' ဆိုသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ၎ငá€șသတို့ကို á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ
04:16
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသပါသညá€ș။
04:19
‘They study
’.
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'စဏကျကá€șကဌတယá€ș...'
04:21
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သုံသသပá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€”á€±á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș
04:24
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ
04:29
Let's move on.
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။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
04:30
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အဆကá€șမပဌတá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
04:35
These are verbs that we  don't use in the continuous 
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၎ငá€șသတို့သညá€ș á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șတိုငá€ș
04:38
form,
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04:38
even if they're happening right now.
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ဆကá€șတိုကá€ș
ပုံစံ ဖဌင့á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș
04:41
They're also called stative verbs.
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။ သူတို့ကို stative verbs á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ ခေါá€șတယá€ș။
04:44
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ဒါတလေက á€Ąá€á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±áŠ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€„á€șတလေ၊ ခံစဏသချကá€șတလေ၊ စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±áŠ ဥဏရုံငါသပါသနá€Č့ ဆကá€șစပá€șနေတယá€ș။
04:50
Let's look at these examples.
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á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
04:52
‘I love my mom.’
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'ဥမေကို ချစá€șတယá€ș။'
04:53
The verb here is ‘love’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ချစá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
04:55
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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အá€Čဒါက စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șခုမို့ ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတေဏ့ present simple tense ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
05:00
‘It smells good.’
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'ဥနံ့ ကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
05:02
‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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'ဥနံ့' သညá€ș ဥဏရုံငါသပါသထá€Čမဟ တစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șကို သုံသပါသညá€ș။
05:06
You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because remember the subject is ‘it’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'it' á€œá€­á€Żá€· မဟတá€șá€‘á€Źá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· 's' ကို မျဉá€șှသာှထာှတာ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
05:13
‘Kelly feels happy.’
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'Kelly က ပျေဏá€șတယá€ș။'
05:16
This is talking about a feeling.
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ဒါက ခံစဏသချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹
05:18
Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသည့á€ș 'ကယá€șလြ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș၊
05:22
so I added an ‘s’ to the verb.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€­á€Żá€· 's' ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါသညá€ș။
05:25
And finally, ‘They need help.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။'
05:29
We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now.
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'သူတို့ á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€œá€±á€Źá€œá€±á€Źá€†á€šá€ș á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€á€șပါဘူသ။
05:33
‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’,
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'လိုအပá€șသညá€ș' သညá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șဖဌစá€șá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€Šá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
05:37
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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á€Ąá€á€œá€±á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žáŠ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€„á€șမျဏသ၊ ခံစဏသချကá€șမျဏသ၊ စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á á€Ąá€Źá€›á€Żá€¶á€„á€«á€žá€•á€«á€žá€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဆကá€șစပá€șနေသေဏ
05:43
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ မဟတá€șသဏသထဏသပါ ။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။ စပဟကဏမျဏသသညá€ș
05:48
Let's move on.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€șတလငá€ș
05:49
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€șဥရဏမျဏသကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€á€«á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șá€…á€œá€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€žá€Šá€ș
05:54
in the near future.
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။
05:56
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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ယခုတေဏ့ အနညá€șှငယá€ș á€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€‘á€œá€±á€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ အနာဂတá€șကာလကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ မသုံသတေဏ့ပါ၊
06:01
we're using the present simple tense.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€±á€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
06:03
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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အá€Čဒါကို လုပá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș၊ အá€Čဒါက á€œá€°á€á€œá€±á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တကယá€șဖဌစá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șစဉá€șပါပá€Č။
06:07
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș တစá€șစုံတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș။
06:11
Let's look at the examples.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
06:13
‘I have class at 6 p.m.’
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'ငါ အတနá€șသချိနá€ș 6 နာရြ '
06:16
‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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' 6 နာရြ ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'ငါ အတနá€șá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
06:20
'I have class.'
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
06:21
- the present simple tense.
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- ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€ș။
06:24
‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’
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'Lisa တနငá€șá€čá€‚á€”á€œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ရေဏကá€șမယá€ș။'
06:26
Again the near future, ‘Sunday’.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ဥနဏဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'တနငá€șá€čဂနလေနေ့' ကို ထပá€șတလေ့ပဌနá€șတယá€ș။
06:29
So I use the present simple tense.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șှတာကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
06:32
I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’.
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ဆိုကá€șရေဏကá€șá€á€«á€”á€źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရငá€șှက Lisa က 'သူမ' á€™á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€«á‹
06:40
‘We start work soon.’
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'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș အလုပá€șစတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
06:42
Again, the near future, ‘soon’,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€ș၊ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€ź'၊
06:45
so I use the present simple verb ‘start’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'စတငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ကိုသုံသပါသညá€ș။
06:49
And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€± မနကá€șဖဌနá€șလာမယá€ș။'
06:52
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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ဒါက á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ဥနဏဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€·
06:56
so I use the verb ‘come’.
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မယ့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'come' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
06:59
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ၊
07:04
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș ဥရဏမျဏသကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șှသညá€ș သာမာနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
07:08
Let's go to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€Šá€șှကို á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
07:10
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șချေရဟိတá€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș၊
07:15
and that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’.
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အá€Čဒါကတေဏ့ 'မလုပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ပါ။
07:18
The first example says, ‘Mike eats bread.’
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ပထမငပမဏက 'မိုကá€șက မုန့á€șစာှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
07:22
I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’.
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'စာှ' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ရေသထဏသတဏမို့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șတá€Č့ Mike ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။
07:28
Now that's not a negative statement.
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အခုက ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€±á€Šá€Źá€á€»á€€á€șတေဏ့ မဟုတá€șပါဘူသ။
07:31
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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၎ငá€șှကို á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șသို့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€« á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€”á€Šá€șှ။
07:34
Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’
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'မိုကá€șက မုန့á€șမစာှဘူှ'၊
07:38
So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ငါ 's' ကို á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€žá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź မငá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
07:42
Instead I added ‘doesn't’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ထပá€șဖဌည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
07:46
I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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ငါ 'လုပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မ' ကို ယူလိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နဟစá€șခုကို ပေါငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
07:51
and making it ‘doesn't’.
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'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș လုပá€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
07:53
So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he'၊ 'she' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဆိုရငá€ș
07:57
we use ‘does not’ or ‘doesn't’ to make it negative.
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'not' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does't' ကို အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥေဏငá€ș သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:01
‘You swim well.’
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'မငá€șှ á€›á€±á€€á€°á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€€á€±á€Źá€„á€șှလာှ'
08:04
In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ကို 'swim' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șဖို့ á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€˜á€°á€žá€†á€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€· á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက
08:08
is ‘you’.
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'မငá€șှ' ပါ။
08:09
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șချငá€șရငá€șတေဏ့ 'မလုပá€ș' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:14
‘You don't swim well.’
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'မငá€șှ ရေမကူသတတá€șဘူှ'
08:17
I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတေဏ့ 'do' နá€Č့ 'not' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျုံ့တဏကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:20
I combine them to make ‘don't’,
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ငါ အá€Čá€’á€«á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș ပေါငá€șှစပá€șထာှတယá€ș၊
08:23
so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș '
08:27
we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’.
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မလုပá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€†á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:31
So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'မ' တို့ကို ပဌနá€șလညá€șသုံသသပá€șရနá€ș 'မ' သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှ
08:36
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€á€»á€±á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș
08:40
tense.
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။
08:41
Let's continue on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
08:43
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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အခုလကá€șရဟိ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€™á€šá€ș
08:48
and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’.
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၊ အá€Čဒါကတေဏ့ 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Œá€„á€șသပါ။
08:51
So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေထိုငá€șတယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
08:54
That's not a question, right?
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ဒါမေသခလနá€șှမဟုတá€șဘူှ ဟုတá€șတယá€șဟုတá€ș။
08:57
'They live here’
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș'
08:58
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တကယ့á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသပါတယá€ș။
09:02
All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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á€„á€«á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'do' ကိုထည့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șဥသဏသထည့á€șပါ။
09:08
‘Do they live here?’
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'သူတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:10
So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș
09:14
simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question.
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မေသခလနá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'do' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șသထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
09:18
How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:22
In this statement, the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now,
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ကဖေဏá€șပဌချကá€șတလငá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ယခုဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș သငá€șသိသင့á€șသေဏ
09:27
I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
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'ကစာှနညá€șှ' áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတလငá€ș 's' ရဟိသညá€ș။
09:30
However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
09:36
‘Does he play soccer?’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:39
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€œá€Čá€Ąá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€žá‹
09:44
Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning,
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á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' ကိုပá€Čသုံသတယá€ș၊
09:48
so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'he', 'she', á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' á€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
09:52
and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb.
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's' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șဖို့ စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့။ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá‹
09:57
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပဌနá€șလညá€șသုံသသပá€șရနá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€á€»á€±á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကို ဖလá€Č့စညá€șှရနá€șနညá€șှလမá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
10:04
using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning.
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á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' ကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
10:07
Alright let's move on.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
10:08
Let's start with the first checkup.
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ပထမဆုံသစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€Čá€·á€…á€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
10:11
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs.
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
10:15
Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș နိယာမ á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is', 'am', á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'are' တို့ကို သတိရပါ။
10:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
10:24
It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’
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'သူမ _ ဗလာ _ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
10:28
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
10:32
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’?
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'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
10:34
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
10:39
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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အခု á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာကို တလေသနေတယá€șဆိုရငá€ș
10:42
correct answer would be ‘she isn't’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူမမဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမမဟုတá€șဘူှ'
10:44
or ‘she is not’.
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ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမယá€ș ။
10:47
That's correct as well.
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ဒါလညá€șသမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
10:49
And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျုံ့တဏကို သုံသချငá€șရငá€ș 'သူမ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသလို
10:56
For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șမျိုသကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ _ ဗလာ _ အသကá€ș နဟစá€șဆယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
11:02
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
11:05
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’?
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'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
11:08
The correct answer is ‘are’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'are' ပါ။
11:15
For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'are't' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'are not' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
11:20
Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€ș 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€€
11:25
‘They're 20 years old.’
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'အသကá€ș 20 ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
11:29
The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ့ဥဖေ _ blank_ အလုပá€șမျဏသနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
11:34
The subject of this sentence is ‘his father’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ့ဥဖေ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
11:38
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’?
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'သူ့ဥဖေ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
11:42
The correct answer is ‘he’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူ'။
11:44
Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
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'he', 'she', 'it', 'be' သညá€ș 'is' ကို သတိရပါ။
11:51
For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'မဟုတá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€ș' ဟု ဆိုနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
11:56
And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’
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'ဥဖေ' နá€Č့ 'ဖဌစá€ș' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'သူ့ဥဖေ အလုပá€șမျဏသနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
12:03
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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အခု á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှထá€Čက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
12:11
‘We isn't good friends.’
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'ငါတို့ သူငယá€șချငá€șသကေဏငá€șှ မဟုတá€șဘူှ'
12:14
Did you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž?
12:18
This is the mistake.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹
12:20
The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'we' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'be' သညá€ș 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
12:25
Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
12:28
or the contraction, ‘we aren't good friends.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါတို့ သူငယá€șချငá€șသကေဏငá€șှမဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· အဓိပá€čပါယá€șရပါတယá€ș။
12:36
The next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șဝါကျ။
12:38
Can you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
12:40
‘Are John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
12:43
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို စဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
12:47
The subject is ‘John’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ယေဏ' တá€Č့။
12:49
And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’.
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'ယေဏ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
12:53
Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'are' ကိုမသုံသပါ၊ 'is' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
12:59
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
13:02
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
13:04
And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'အá€Čဒါက ခလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€șပါ'
13:08
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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ဟမá€ș ဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Č။
13:11
The subject here is ‘it’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ဒါ' ပါ။
13:13
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’?
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'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' verb က á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
13:16
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
13:19
So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ခလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€șပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€ž 'အá€Čဒါက ခလေသကလေသပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
13:25
Great job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
13:26
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
13:28
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ á€€á€Źá€œá€›á€Ÿá€­ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Ż တလေသကဌည့á€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș
13:33
tense.
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။
13:34
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
13:36
‘He __ blank __ 
’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’.
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'He __ blank __ ...'၊ 'သူ့ရá€Čá€·á€Šá€…á€Źá€œá€­á€Ż' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż စဉá€șသစဏသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
13:42
What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he', 'she', á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€«á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ဘာလုပá€șမလá€Č။
13:47
Remember we add an ‘s’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 's' ထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
13:49
‘He likes his dinner.’
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'သူက ညစာ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș။
13:53
For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ 'သူက á€žá€°á€·á€Šá€…á€Źá€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
13:59
The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __
’, I want you to think of ‘need’,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șှသာှ __ဗလာ __...' ၊ 'လိုအပá€șတာ'၊ '
စာအုပá€șမျဏသ' ကို စဉá€șသစဏသစေချငá€șတယá€ș
14:04
‘
books’.
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။
14:06
What is the subject pronoun for ‘my students’?
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€€á€»á€±á€Źá€„á€șသသဏသမျဏသ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
14:10
The correct answer is ‘they’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူတို့'။
14:13
If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense,
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
14:18
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှဘူှ၊
14:22
So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စာအုပá€șá€á€œá€±á€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
14:28
Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’
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အခု á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာက 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စာအုပá€șတလေ မလိုဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
14:34
The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __
’, think of the verb,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'I __ blank __...' ၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż တလေသကဌည့á€șတေဏ့
14:38
‘
live in London.’
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'
 London in live' ပါ။
14:41
What do we do here?
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€˜á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șကဌမလá€Č။
14:43
Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'I' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပါ။
14:49
The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါ လနá€șဒနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹'
14:53
What's the negative?
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အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကဘာလá€Č။
14:55
‘I don't live in London.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș လနá€șဒနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မနေပါဘူသ။'
14:58
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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နေဏကá€șအပိုငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
15:04
‘He doesn't likes math.’
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'သူက သငá€șá€čချဏကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ။'
15:07
What's the error here?
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź error ကဘာလá€Č။
15:09
Well this is a negative.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတယá€ș။
15:11
‘He doesn't
’, that's correct.
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'သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ...' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
15:14
However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ 'it' ၏ ရဟေ့တလငá€ș 'မရဟိ' ရဟိပါက 's' ကို ထည့á€șမထဏသပါ။
15:21
‘Do he eat candy?’
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'သူ á€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
15:24
Here we have a question.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€±á€žá€…á€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș။
15:27
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
15:30
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ဝါကျတစá€șခု ဖနá€șá€á€źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«á€á€œá€„á€ș
15:36
we use ‘does’ not ‘do’.
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'does' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č 'do' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
15:40
So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€žá€°á€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Źá€žá‹'
15:44
And finally, ‘Sam is play computer games.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'Sam က ကလနá€șပျူတဏဂိမá€șသတလေ ကစဏသနေတယá€ș'
15:49
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€șထိုသို့မရနိုငá€șသေဏ
15:53
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Œá€„á€șရနá€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏနညá€șှလမá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is' ကိုဖယá€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€•á€…á€șရနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
15:59
So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’
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ဒါနá€Č့ 'Sam က ကလနá€șá€•á€Œá€°á€á€Źá€‚á€­á€™á€șသဆေဏ့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါ။
16:07
Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Sam' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ထည့á€șပါ။
16:12
Great job!
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။
16:13
Let's move on to the next practice.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
16:15
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
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ကနေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șမျဏသကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€±á€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
16:19
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥပျကá€șမျဏသကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
16:25
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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'ငါတို့ _ ဗလာ _ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဘတá€șစá€șကာှစြှတယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့
16:27
‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș ။
16:31
And I want you to use the verb ‘take’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'ယူ' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
16:34
Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'နေ့တိုငá€șှ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź သá€Čလလနá€șá€…á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șနေရသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
16:39
The subject of the sentence is ‘we’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
16:43
In the present simple tense,
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș နိမိတá€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș
16:44
remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șလျဟငá€ș
16:50
we do not change the verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
16:52
Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါတို့ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဘတá€șစá€șကာှစြှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
16:59
In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ _ ဗလာ _ မနကá€șတိုငá€șှ ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုထာှတယá€ș။
17:05
Again a routine.
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လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș။
17:08
The subject here is ‘he’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ပါ။
17:10
What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Č' ဆိုရငá€ș ငါတို့ ဘာလုပá€șမလá€Č။
17:14
We add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
17:18
In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'es' ကို ထည့á€șရပါမညá€ș။
17:24
‘He goes to school every morning.’
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'သူ မနကá€șတိုငá€șှ ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șတယá€ș။'
17:29
In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Lizzy တငá€șှနစá€șမကစာှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
17:35
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို တလေသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
17:39
Lizzy is a ‘she’.
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Lizzy သညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
17:41
The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative?
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Subject pronoun က 'she' ဆိုတေဏ့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာလုပá€șကဌမလá€Č။
17:46
We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’.
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'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€ 'တငá€șှနစá€șမကစာှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
17:54
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို မထည့á€șပါ။
17:59
Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
18:03
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
18:08
‘They watches TV at night.’
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'ညက á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș။'
18:11
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€Č သိနိုငá€șမလာှ။
18:15
The subject is ‘they’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့' ပါ။
18:18
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
18:23
We say ‘watch’.
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'စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
18:25
‘They watch TV at night’.
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'ညက á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș'
18:29
In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’
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နေဏကá€șဝါကျတလငá€ș၊ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မေသခလနá€șသတလငá€ș 'သူသညá€ș အပတá€șတိုငá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဟု ဖေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€‘á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
18:36
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
18:39
To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay,
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ဝါကျတစá€șခုဖနá€șတြှရနá€ș၊ á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'does' ကိုထည့á€șခဌငá€șှသညá€ș အဆငá€șပဌေ
18:44
However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
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သေဏá€șလညá€șှ၊ 'play' áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' မထည့á€șပါ။
18:49
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
18:53
‘Does he play soccer every week?’
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'သူသညá€ș အပတá€șတိုငá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဟု
18:57
And finally, ‘He always forget his book.’
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á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။ နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူ့စဏဥုပá€șကို á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čမေ့နေတယá€ș'
19:02
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
19:06
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
19:13
What's the verb in the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź ဘာလá€Č။
19:16
It's ‘forget’.
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အá€Čဒါ 'မေ့'။
19:17
Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူသညá€ș သူ့စဏဥုပá€șကို á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čမေ့နေ၏' ဟု ဆိုရပေမညá€ș။
19:25
Great job.
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မဟာအလုပá€ș။
19:26
Let's move on to the next practice.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။ ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊
19:28
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
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အနာဂတá€șဖဌစá€șရပá€șမျဏသကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါမညá€ș
19:34
future events.
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။
19:36
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
19:38
It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș _ ဗလာ _ ဒြည' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
19:42
And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'leave' ကို ကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș။
19:45
What is the subject of the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
19:48
The correct answer is ‘airplane’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș'။
19:51
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’?
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
19:55
It's ‘it’.
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'အá€Čဒါ' ပေါ့။
19:57
Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's'
20:02
or ‘es’ to the verb.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șပါ။
20:05
The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'leave' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှ ထည့á€șပါတယá€ș။
20:09
The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဒြည á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șထလကá€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
20:15
In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș၊ 'ရုပá€șရဟငá€ș _blank_ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€źá€‘á€œá€€á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
20:21
And we're using the verb ‘start’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'start' ကို သုံသနေတယá€ș။
20:24
What is the subject of this sentence?
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á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
20:27
It’s ‘movie’.
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€ș' ပါ။
20:29
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
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ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Č။
20:32
It’s ‘it’.
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'အá€Čဒါ' ပေါ့။
20:34
So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank _ soon?’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'အá€Čဒါ _ လလတá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Źá€ž _ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá€”á€Č့တူတယá€ș။
20:38
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါက မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုပါ၊ á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟနá€șကနá€șတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș - 'does' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹
20:45
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’.
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သူ/á€žá€°á€™á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုမေသတá€Č့ဥခါ 'does' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
20:51
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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အခု ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ လုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ တူညြတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သူ့ရá€Č့ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သုံသတဏပါ၊
20:57
so ‘Does the movie start soon?’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
21:00
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို မထည့á€șပါ။
21:05
Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'Viki _ blank _ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
21:09
The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Vicki' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:13
‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’.
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'Vicki' သညá€ș မိနá€șသကလေသဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș နာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:18
You'll remember now that for
 in this case, we put ‘works’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'အလုပá€șမျဏသ' ကို ရေသထဏသသညá€șကို ယခုပငá€ș မဟတá€șမိနေမညá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:23
w-o-r-k-s ‘works’.
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'ဥကျင့á€ș'။
21:26
‘Vicki works tomorrow.’
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'Vicki မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
21:29
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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ကá€Č ဥေဏကá€șá€€á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
21:33
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ 3:30 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«'
21:37
Actually there's only one mistake.
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တကယá€șတေဏ့ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုပá€Č ရဟိပါတယá€ș။
21:39
Can you find it?
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á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
21:41
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ 3:30 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«'
21:46
We do not need the ‘do’ here.
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'á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șစရာ' မလိုဘူှ။
21:49
We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'do' ကိုသာ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
21:54
But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'does' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
21:58
Either way we don't need this here.
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ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș ဒဟနေရဏကို မလိုအပá€șပါဘူသ။
22:01
Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’.
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ဥခုတေဏ့ 'သူ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Č့ 'ထာှခá€Č့' ရဟိတယá€ș။
22:06
Do you know what to do?
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ဘာလုပá€șရမလá€Č သိလာှ
22:08
We simply change this to ‘leaves’.
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ဒါကို 'á€Ąá€›á€œá€€á€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတယá€ș။
22:13
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Čá€·á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€•á€Č။
22:15
‘He leaves at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ က ညနေ ၃ှ၃၀ á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș'
22:19
In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဒဟနေ့ ကျေဏငá€șှမစဘူှ' တá€Č့။
22:24
We have a negative sentence.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဝါကျတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
22:27
‘They don't
’, that's correct.
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ...' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
22:30
‘
do not’ is correct.
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'မလုပá€șနá€Č့' မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
22:32
For subject pronoun ‘they’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'သူတို့'။
22:34
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€“á€­á€€á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș မလိုအပá€șပါ။
22:40
Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူတို့ ဒဟနေ့ ကျေဏငá€șှမစဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á€•á€Č။
22:46
No ‘s’.
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's' မရဟိပါ။
22:48
Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'နေ့လညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာှမလာှ'
22:52
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
22:53
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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ဝါကျတလငá€ș ဘာသာရပá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș နာမá€șစာှဟူသညá€ș အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
22:58
The correct answer is ‘we’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါတို့'။
23:01
Think about the question form.
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မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံကို စဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
23:04
Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject pronoun ‘we’?
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ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှ 'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မေသခလနá€șá€žá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
23:10
The correct answer is ‘do’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'လုပá€ș'။
23:12
We say ‘do’.
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Ź 'လုပá€ș' တá€Č့။
23:15
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€» á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မေသခလနá€șှကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· မဟနá€șကနá€șတá€Č့နညá€șှလမá€șှက
23:19
‘Do we eat at noon?’
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'နေ့လညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာှမလာှ' တá€Č့။
23:22
Great job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
23:23
You're done with the practice.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
23:24
Thank you for your hard work.
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မငá€șှရá€Čá€·á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€‘á€Żá€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျေသဇူသတငá€șပါတယá€ș။
23:26
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
23:28
Good job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
23:29
You put in a lot of practice today.
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ဒဟနေ့ လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șသတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șတယá€ș။
23:31
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș ရိုှစငá€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ÿá€Ź မလလယá€șပါဘူသ၊ မငá€șှက ဘယá€șလို ခကá€șခကá€șခá€Čခá€Č ကျလမá€șသကျငá€șဥေဏငá€ș လုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€șဆိုတာ
23:36
worked on mastering it.
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မဌငá€șရတာ ငါ တကယá€șကို ဝမá€șသသဏပါတယá€ș
23:38
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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။ ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€±á€á€»á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ကဗဟဒဟယိုကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျေသဇူသတငá€șပါသညá€ș။
23:42
I'll see you next time.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€șတလေ့မယá€ș။
23:43
Bye.
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အá€Č့ဒဟတေဏ့
23:52
Hi, everybody. I'm Esther.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။ ငါက Esther ပါ။
23:54
I'm so excited to be teaching you the  present continuous tense in this video.
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလကို သငá€șပေသရတဏ အရမá€șှစိတá€șá€œá€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
24:00
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș- á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခု၊
24:04
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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á€•á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șအရာတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
24:09
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့ ငါမငá€șှကို လမá€șသညလဟနá€șပေသမယá€ș။
24:13
Let's get started.
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စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
24:17
The present continuous tense is used to talk  about actions that are happening right now.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လကá€șရဟိဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေသေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș သုံသသညá€ș။
24:23
For example,
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ငပမဏ၊
24:24
‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’
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'ငါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'။
24:28
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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နေဏကá€șထပá€ș ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
24:31
The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
24:36
We start with the subject and a ‘be’ verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
24:39
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
24:42
For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’,  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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'he' / 'she' နဟင့á€ș 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
24:47
Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’  to the end of the verb ‘watch’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
24:53
‘He is watching a movie.’
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'သူက ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș။'
24:56
The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Tim က ကလနá€șပျူတဏဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့နေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
25:00
He's doing that right now.
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သူအခုလုပá€șနေတယá€ș။
25:03
Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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Tim သညá€ș 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ထပá€șမံ၍ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသပါသညá€ș။
25:09
And again you'll notice I added  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထပá€șထည့á€șလိုကá€șတာကို မငá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
25:15
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
25:16
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'စကá€șက ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
25:20
Now pay attention to the subject, ‘the machine’.
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ယခု 'စကá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șကို ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șပါ။
25:24
What is the proper pronoun?
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သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șသေဏနဏမá€șစာှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
25:26
The answer is ‘it’, therefore  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'it' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
25:31
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'စကá€șက á€Ąá€žá€¶á€™á€Œá€Šá€șနေတယá€ș။'
25:35
We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’. Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’.
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'ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ကျုံ့နေတဏ။
25:42
And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'Tom and Ben က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'။
25:46
In this case, you'll notice  that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
25:50
Can you figure out why?
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Čဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
25:53
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’.
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș Tom နဟင့á€ș Ben - ကနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပငá€ș။
25:59
‘They are speaking English.’
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'သူတို့က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șလို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€Źá‹'
26:02
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
26:05
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Œá€„á€·á€șá€…á€œá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
26:12
Even though you might not be  doing the action right now.
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အခု လုပá€șရပá€șကို မလုပá€șနိုငá€șသေသပေမယ့á€ș။
26:15
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
26:18
The first sentence says,
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
26:19
‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ စိတá€șဝငá€șစဏသစရဏကေဏငá€șှတá€Č့ စာအုပá€șတစá€șအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
26:23
In this case, the subject is  ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
26:28
In this example, we use the contraction  ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ငါ' နဟင့á€ș 'am' ကို ပေါငá€șှ၍ 'ငါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဥကျုံ့ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
26:34
Again, you'll notice there's  an ‘-ing’ after the verb.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș '-ing' ရဟိသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
26:39
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
26:40
‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’
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'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€†á€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șဖို့ စာသငá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
26:44
The subject here is ‘you’,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သငá€ș'
26:47
therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
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ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
26:50
Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'စတြဗငá€șသညá€ș IELTS á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပဌငá€șဆငá€șနေပါသညá€ș။'
26:55
The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'စတြဗငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသေဏ
26:59
therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
27:03
And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'John နá€Č့ June က ကုမá€čပဏြတစá€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șဝငá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
27:08
If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’.
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'John and June' ဘာသာရပá€șကို ကဌည့á€șလျဟငá€ș နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
27:14
That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
27:17
‘They are working at a company.’
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'သူတို့က ကုမá€čပဏြတစá€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။'
27:20
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
27:22
The present continuous is also used  to talk about near future plans.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
27:27
Let's take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
27:29
‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’
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'သူ ဒြည သူငယá€șချငá€șှနá€Č့ တလေ့မယá€ș'
27:32
That's going to happen in the near future.
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အá€Čဒါက á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
27:34
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'သူမ' ရဟိသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€™á€Šá€șဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
27:39
And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို 'meet' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șတယá€ș။
27:44
The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဇူလိုငá€șလတလငá€ș အာှလပá€șရကá€șá€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șမညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
27:49
The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
27:54
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'ဇူလိုငá€șá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အပနá€șá€žá€–á€Œá€±á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
28:00
Again, another near future plan.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€ș။
28:03
The next example says,
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့
28:05
‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’
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'ဒါဝိဒá€șဟာ မနကá€șဖဌနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကဏသမေဏငá€șသဖို့ သငá€șယူနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
28:08
‘tomorrow’ is the near future.
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' သညá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
28:10
‘David’ is the subject.
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'ဝိနယ' သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတညá€șှ။
28:13
‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’.
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'ဒါဝိဒá€ș' သညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' သညá€ș။
28:17
And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'Vicki နá€Č့ ငါ နေဏကá€șအပတá€ș အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șá€•á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«' တá€Č့။
28:22
‘Vicky and I’
 If we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’.
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'Vicky and I'... ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို တလေသရငá€ș 'ငါ' ပါ။
28:27
That's why we used ‘are’. ‘We are teaching.’
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'are' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသတယá€ș။ 'ငါတို့ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș'
28:32
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
28:34
Now let's talk about the negative  form of the present continuous tense.
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အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
28:39
I have some examples here.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș။
28:41
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုသညá€ș á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပေါá€șနေသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ရဟညá€șá€œá€»á€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
28:48
These last two are for near future plans.
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ကနေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုသညá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
28:51
Let's take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
28:53
The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါမပျေဏá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
28:57
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
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ငါပျေဏá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အခု မမဟနá€șပေမယ့
29:00
but in this example I am not having fun.
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á€ș á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါပျေဏá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။
29:04
You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes  between the ‘be’ verb and the ‘verb -ing’.
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'not' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž ရေဏကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
29:11
In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Jane က အိမá€șစာမလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
29:16
Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'is' ကို 'မ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'is' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș၊
29:20
so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပထမဝါကျကá€Č့သို့ပငá€ș 'is' နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź -ing' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'not' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€ș။
29:27
The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
473
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဒြည မငá€șá€žá€žá€°á€·á€€á€­á€Żá€™á€á€œá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
29:32
Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’.
474
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ကတလငá€ș 'မငá€șှ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
29:35
‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
475
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'မငá€șှ ဒြည သူ့ကို á€™á€á€œá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
29:38
And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’
476
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'မနကá€șဖဌနá€șမနကá€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
29:42
Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
477
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ငါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
29:47
Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative.
478
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șစေရနá€ș 'not' ကိုထည့á€șရနá€șမမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
29:52
Let's move on.
479
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
29:53
Now let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb  questions in the present continuous tense.
480
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ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
30:00
The first example here says,
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ကတလငá€ș ပထမငပမဏက
30:01
‘Is he waiting for you?’ or ‘Is he waiting for you?’
482
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'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:06
We start with the ‘be’ verb.
483
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
30:08
Take a look at the subject though.
484
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သို့သေဏá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
30:10
The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
485
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' verb 'is' နá€Č့ စပါတယá€ș။
30:14
‘Is he waiting for you?’
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'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:17
You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’ or ‘No he isn't.’
487
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
30:22
The second sentence says,
488
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
30:23
‘Are you coming to class?’
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'မငá€șှ အတနá€șှထá€Č á€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:26
The subject here is ‘you’ and  that's why we start with ‘are’.
490
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'are' ဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
30:30
‘Are you coming to class?’
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'မငá€șှ အတနá€șှထá€Č ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:32
You can answer, ‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’
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'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့ပါ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
30:38
The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'သူက á€€á€”á€±á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပညာသငá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€· ပဌငá€șဆငá€șá€”á€±á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' တá€Č့။
30:43
The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’.
494
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'is' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
30:46
The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’ or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’
495
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူက။' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
30:53
Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’
496
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှက 'ဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șထလကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:58
The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’.
497
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူတို့' ဆိုတေဏ့ ငါတို့က 'are' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
31:03
The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’ or ‘No, they aren't.’
498
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
31:09
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
31:10
Now let's talk about the WH question  form for the present continuous tense.
500
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ယခု လကá€șရဟိ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
31:16
I have some examples here
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတလငá€ș á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
31:18
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
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WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသ-
31:22
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
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ဘာလá€Č၊ ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ ဘယá€șဥချိနá€ș၊ ဘယá€șသူ၊ á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ နá€Č့ ဘယá€șလိုစသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
31:27
What comes after?
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နေဏကá€șá€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Źá€œá€Č
31:29
You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’.
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș- 'are', 'is' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'I' á€†á€­á€Żá€œá€»á€Ÿá€„á€ș 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș ။
31:36
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing။
31:42
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
31:45
‘What are you doing?’
508
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'သငá€șဘာလုပá€șနေပါလá€Č?'
31:47
I'm asking about right now.
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ငါ အခု မေသနေတဏ။
31:49
For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’
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ငပမဏ၊ 'ငါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș'။
31:52
‘Where are you going?’ ‘I'm going to the store.’
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'သငá€șဘယá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č?' 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș စတိုှဆိုငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
31:57
‘When is it starting?’ ‘It's starting at 3.’
512
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'ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șကစတာလá€Č။' '၃ ရကá€șနေ့မဟ စမယá€ș။'
32:02
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’.
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ရုပá€șရဟငá€șတစá€șá€€á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€„á€ș ဘာမဆို 'ဒါ' ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
32:07
‘Who is she talking to?’ ‘She's talking to Bob.’
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'ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č' 'သူ Bob နá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
32:12
‘Why is she crying?’ ‘She's crying because she's sad.’
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'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€„á€­á€Żá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č' 'ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€· ငိုနေတဏ။'
32:18
And finally, ‘How is it going?’ ‘It's going well.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șတာလá€Č။' 'ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
32:23
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလ၏ ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊
32:26
we'll look at how this tense can be used to  describe an action that's happening right now.
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á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż မညá€șကá€Č့သို့ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€șကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
32:32
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
32:35
‘You -blank- learning English.’
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'မငá€șှ -blank- အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șá€šá€°á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
32:38
Remember for this tense, we start  with the subject and the ‘be’ verb
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သတိရပါ၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€ș
32:42
and then the verb ‘-ing’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို မဟတá€șထဏသပါ။
32:45
We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€Żá€· 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
32:50
The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’.
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ပထမဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
32:54
For ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’,  we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’,
525
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'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါတို့က 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș၊
32:58
so the correct answer is,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
33:01
‘You are learning English’ right now.
527
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'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
33:05
The next sentence says,
528
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
33:06
‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’
529
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'သူမ _blank_ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
33:10
This is the negative form of  the present continuous tense.
530
1990640
4240
ကသညá€șကာှ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șှ၏ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
33:14
We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’,
531
1994880
3760
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' á€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș၊
33:19
However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again.
532
1999360
2480
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž လလá€Čနေတယá€ș။
33:22
What is the be verb to use  if the subject is ‘she’?
533
2002560
3440
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șလျဟငá€ș be verb သညá€ș အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
33:26
the correct answer is ‘is’.
534
2006720
2080
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
33:30
‘She is not watching TV.’
535
2010160
2560
'သူမ TV မကဌည့á€șဘူှ။'
33:34
This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’
536
2014400
3440
ဒြတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငါ _blank_ á€Ąá€á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
33:38
The subject here is ‘I’.
537
2018560
1680
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
33:41
Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the subject ‘I’.
538
2021040
3920
'ငါ' ၏ရဟေ့တလငá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż တဖနá€șစဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
33:46
The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
539
2026080
1840
'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
33:49
‘I am studying now.’
540
2029040
1840
'ငါ အခု စဏကျကá€șနေတယá€ș။'
33:51
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’
541
2031600
4640
á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'ငါ á€Ąá€á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသလို
33:57
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
542
2037200
3360
ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čချငá€șရငá€ș
34:00
we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’
543
2040560
3120
'ငါ အခု á€™á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
34:03
Now, take a look at the next  sentence and find the mistake.
544
2043680
5280
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż တစá€șချကá€șကဌည့á€șလိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
34:09
‘Layla is watch a movie.’
545
2049840
2640
'Layla ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș။'
34:13
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’.
546
2053440
4720
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž Layla ၏ နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
34:19
We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’,
547
2059040
2560
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ရဟိသညá€ș၊
34:22
However, you'll notice we forgot  the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb.
548
2062320
5760
သို့သေဏá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို á€™á€±á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
34:28
We need to say, ‘watching’.
549
2068720
2560
'ကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
34:32
‘Layla is watching a movie.’
550
2072240
2480
'Layla ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș'
34:36
The next sentence says,
551
2076000
1520
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသကတေဏ့
34:37
‘They playing soccer now.’
552
2077520
1920
'အခု á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
34:40
What's missing?
553
2080320
800
á€˜á€Źá€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č?
34:42
If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’
554
2082080
4160
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șရလျဟငá€ș
34:46
because the subject is ‘they’.
555
2086880
1920
ဘာသာရပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
34:49
‘They are playing soccer now.’
556
2089760
2560
'သူတို့ အခု á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹'
34:53
And finally, ‘What do you do?’
557
2093520
2480
နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'မငá€șှဘာလုပá€șတာလá€Č။'
34:57
If you want to ask somebody  what they're doing right now,
558
2097200
3440
တစá€șယေဏကá€șယေဏကá€șကို အခုဘာလုပá€șနေလá€Čမေသချငá€șရငá€ș
35:01
you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are... you.. doing?’
559
2101200
10640
'ဘာ'... နá€Č့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are... you.. doing?'
35:12
‘What are you doing?’
560
2112720
1440
'သငá€șဘာလုပá€șနေပါလá€Č?'
35:15
Let's move on to the next practice.
561
2115280
2240
နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
35:17
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
562
2117520
3920
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ
35:21
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
563
2121440
5920
နဟင့á€ș အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ယနေ့ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș။
35:27
It's a longer action.
564
2127360
1440
á€•á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Šá€șတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုပါ။
35:29
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
565
2129360
2080
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
35:32
‘He _blank_ studying economics.’
566
2132000
3600
'သူ_blank_á€˜á€±á€Źá€‚á€—á€±á€’á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș။
35:35
Remember for this tense, we take the  subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’.
567
2135600
5840
ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သတိရပါ၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာ၊ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€ŹáŠ ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ယူသညá€ș။
35:42
Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’.
568
2142240
3520
á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing'၊ 'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Ź' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹
35:46
So what are we missing?
569
2146320
1600
ဒါဆို á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€± လလá€Čနေလá€Č။
35:47
The ‘be’ verb.
570
2147920
880
'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá‹
35:49
The correct ‘be’ verb for  the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’.
571
2149360
3760
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'he' သညá€ș 'is' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
35:54
So, ‘He is studying economics.’
572
2154080
2920
ဒဟတေဏ့ 'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€‚á€—á€±á€’á€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
35:57
The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’
573
2157840
3760
နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့က တိုကá€șပလá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș _blank_' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
36:02
The verb we want to use is ‘train’.
574
2162320
2320
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရထာှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
36:05
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
575
2165600
3040
အခု á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá‹
36:08
It's in the contraction ‘there’  because it's ‘they are’.
576
2168640
4080
'အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' က 'ရဟိနေတယá€ș' ဆိုတေဏ့ အá€Čဒါက ကျုံ့နေတယá€ș။
36:13
All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
577
2173520
3440
အခုလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€‘á€Čကို '-ing' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șတာ။
36:17
‘They're training for the fight these days.’
578
2177760
5280
'ဒဟနေ့ တိုကá€șပလá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șနေတဏ။'
36:23
And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’
579
2183840
3520
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ငါတို့ _blank_ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șတယá€ș။'
36:28
Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb.
580
2188160
2320
တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż လလá€Čချေဏá€șနေပဌနá€șသညá€ș။
36:31
What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’?
581
2191120
1760
'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ ဘာလá€Č။
36:34
The correct answer is ‘are’.
582
2194000
2560
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'are' ပါ။
36:37
‘We are teaching at the school.’
583
2197680
2160
'ငါတို့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șနေတယá€ș။'
36:41
Now let's look for the  mistakes in the next sentence.
584
2201440
3680
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
36:46
‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’
585
2206080
3120
'Ben က ဆရာဝနá€șဖဌစá€șဖို့ စာသငá€șတယá€ș။'
36:50
Can you find the error?
586
2210240
1280
á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
36:52
Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’.
587
2212720
4480
ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șသေဏ 'be verb' ရဟိသညá€ș။
36:57
What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’.
588
2217200
4560
'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' က လလá€Čနေတယá€ș။
37:03
The correct answer is, ‘Ben is studying to become a doctor’.
589
2223120
5040
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'Ben က ဆရာဝနá€șဖဌစá€șဖို့ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
37:09
Let's look at the next sentence.
590
2229120
1680
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
37:11
‘I don't reading that book.’
591
2231680
6480
'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:18
hmm ‘I don't reading that book.’
592
2238160
880
ဟမá€ș 'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:19
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’
593
2239040
5840
ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ပုံဖေဏá€șရနá€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€˜á€Č
37:24
We use the ‘be’ verb. What is the be verb for ‘I’?
594
2244880
3600
'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသသညá€ș။ 'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș be verb ဆိုတာ ဘာလá€Č။
37:29
The correct answer is ‘am’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'am' ပါ။
37:31
‘I am not reading that book.’
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'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:37
There is no contraction for ‘am not’.
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'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသမရဟိပါဘူသ။
37:41
Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူတို့က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို သငá€șယူဖို့' တá€Č့။
37:45
We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb,
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊
37:49
but remember we need verb ‘-ing’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
37:53
Therefore, the correct answer is,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
37:56
‘They are learning English.’
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'သူတို့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șယူနေကဌသညá€ș'။
38:00
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
38:03
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șမျဏသကို ဆလေသနလေသရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
38:07
can be used to talk about future plans.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါမညá€ș
38:10
Let's take a look.
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။ ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
38:12
The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဒဟနေ့ည ဂိမá€șá€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
38:16
The verb we want to use is ‘play’.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့သုံသချငá€șတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'play' ပါ။
38:20
Remember we start with the subject  and here we have it, ‘they’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Čá€·á€…á€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'သူတို့' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
38:24
Then we have the ‘be’ verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
38:26
In this case we used a contraction  for ‘they are – ‘they’re’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș— 'သူတို့'' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို သုံသသညá€ș။
38:32
That's correct.
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အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
38:33
After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
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အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·
38:38
so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing a game tonight.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဒြည ဂိမá€șá€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș'။
38:44
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါတို့ _blank_ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
38:50
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
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ကဌည့á€șကေဏငá€șသပေမယ့á€ș လလá€Čနေတá€Č့ စကာှတစá€șခလနá€șသရဟိတယá€ș။
38:53
This is the negative form because we have ‘not’.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șသညá€ș။
38:56
We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’.
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'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€•á€Čလိုတယá€ș။
38:59
The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. ‘We are not studying tomorrow.’
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မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။ 'ငါတို့ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ'
39:06
The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'လငá€șသနေ _blank_ ဒြည ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
39:10
and we want to use the verb ‘go’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'go' ကို သုံသချငá€șတယá€ș။
39:13
Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
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'လငá€șှ' နဟင့á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ကို သတိရပါ။
39:18
That's correct. All we have to do is add ‘-ing’.
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အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
39:24
‘Lynn is going out tonight.’
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'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
39:27
To make this negative you can say,
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ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဥေဏငá€șလုပá€șဖို့
39:30
‘Lynn is not going out tonight.’ or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’
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'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șမထလကá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șမထလကá€șဘူှ'
39:36
The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€œá€±á€Źá€șရာ ဒဟညနေ စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
39:41
Can you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
39:44
Remember we have to add  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șရမယá€ș၊
39:49
so we need to say,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
39:51
‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’
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'á€œá€±á€Źá€șရာ ဒဟညနေ စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș ။
39:57
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
39:59
‘My sons will playing chess later.’
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'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စစá€șတုရငá€șကစာှမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
40:02
We are talking about a future plan,
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Ź
40:05
so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'ကေဏငá€șှ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' ကိုသုံသရနá€ș á€žá€œá€±á€žá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șခံရနိုငá€șသညá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတေဏငá€șှပနá€șပါသညá€ș။
40:09
However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb.
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သို့သေဏá€ș 'will' á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€șအစာှ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသသညá€ș။
40:14
‘My sons are playing chess later.’
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'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စစá€șတုရငá€șá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€œá€Źá‹'
40:20
And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူ ဒြည ညစာ မစာှရဘူှ' တá€Č့။
40:25
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသေဏ á€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
40:28
What is it?
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€˜á€Źá€œá€Č?
40:30
It's ‘to’.
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'to' ပါ။
40:31
Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’.
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Subject - 'be' verb ၊ verb '-ing' ကို သတိရပါ။
40:37
We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'to' á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹
40:41
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ ဒြစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
40:44
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
40:45
Good job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
40:46
You just completed the lesson  on the present continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€„á€șရာ သငá€șခနá€șှစာကို သငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
40:50
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
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ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€ မလလယá€șပေမယ့á€ș မငá€șှအလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသကေဏငá€șှလုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș။
40:54
And keep watching to learn more.
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á€•á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€”á€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
40:56
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာက ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပေမယ့á€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż နá€Č့ အာှထုတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż က ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
41:01
I promise.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတိပေသပါတယá€ș။
41:02
See you in the next video.
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
41:12
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
41:13
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
41:14
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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ဒြ Video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź Present Perfect Tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
41:19
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ
41:24
but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မသိရသေသပါ။
41:28
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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အတိတá€șကစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș
41:35
the present.
659
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။
41:36
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
660
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șဟာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€»á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
41:41
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
661
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€–á€­á€Żá€· ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
41:46
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
662
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ ဥချကá€șအလကá€șတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
41:54
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
663
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Present Perfect tense ရá€Č့ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
41:58
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
664
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
42:03
But when it happened is not important or not known.
665
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șက ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့လá€Č ဆိုတဏတေဏ့ မသိရသေသပါဘူသ။
42:08
However, this action is  important to the conversation 
666
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သို့သေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș
42:12
right now.
667
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640
á€šá€á€Żá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
42:13
Let's take a look at some examples.
668
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
42:16
The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’
669
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ပထမတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငါ ကနေဒါကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
42:20
What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.
670
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șနေတဏက 'ငါ' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
42:24
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.
671
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'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ 'ရဟိသညá€ș' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနေတယá€ș။
42:30
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș participle ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
42:34
In this case, the verb is ‘be’.
673
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'be' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
42:36
And so the past participle is ‘been’.
674
2556240
2400
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€ 'ဖဌစá€ș' တယá€ș။
42:39
‘I have been to Canada.’
675
2559360
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'ကျလနá€șမ ကနေဒါကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
42:42
The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
676
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
42:46
My cousins is a ‘they’.
677
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ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက 'သူတို့' တá€Č့။
42:49
And so again, we follow with ‘have’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ' have' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
42:52
And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.
679
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မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ၏ အတိတá€șသညá€ș 'မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ဖဌစá€ș၏။
42:56
‘They have seen the movie.’
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș'
42:58
Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
681
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
43:02
The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’
682
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက 'Chad အိမá€șပဌနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
43:06
Chad is a ‘he’.
683
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1440
ချဒá€șသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
43:08
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.
684
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'သူ'၊ 'သူမ'၊ 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ငါတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș လိုကá€ș၏။
43:14
Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'go' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
43:19
‘Chad has gone home.’
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'ချဒá€ș အိမá€șပဌနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
43:21
And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါ့ဖုနá€șှကို ပဌငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
43:25
My phone is an ‘it’.
688
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ငါ့ဖုနá€șှက 'အá€Č' တá€Č့။
43:27
Therefore, I use ‘has’.
689
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'ရဟိ' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
43:30
And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.
690
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'be' - 'been' ရá€Č့ အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șတယá€ș။
43:34
‘My phone has been fixed.’
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'ငါ့ဖုနá€șှ ပဌငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
43:37
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
43:39
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ အတိတá€șတလငá€ș စတငá€șခá€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
43:45
and continues in the present.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șတညá€șရဟိနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
43:48
‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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'for' နဟင့á€ș since' တို့သညá€ș present perfect tense ဖဌင့á€ș á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€±á€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
43:53
Let's take a look at these examples.
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á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
43:56
‘I have worked there since 2002.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș 2002 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șပါတယá€ș။
44:00
You'll notice we start with the subject.
698
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
44:03
If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.
699
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'ငါ' 'မငá€șှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါ' ဆိုရငá€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိတယá€ș'။
44:07
Then the past participle of the verb.
700
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€Ąá€á€«á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș particip ။
44:10
In this case - ‘worked’.
701
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź - 'အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș'။
44:12
What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€›á€™á€Šá€·á€șဥချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș '၂၀၀၂ á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက' လညá€șသရဟိနေသညá€ș။
44:17
This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use
703
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șစတငá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€žá€Šá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șသဖဌင့á€ș၊ သငá€șသညá€ș
44:23
a specific point in time.
704
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ဥချိနá€șမြသတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏဥချကá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€șလိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
44:26
The next example does the same thing.
705
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက ဥတူတူပါပá€Č။
44:29
‘You have had a car since last year.’
706
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'မနဟစá€șကတညá€șှက မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကာှတစá€șá€…á€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź'
44:32
Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.
707
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€á€­á€€á€»á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€ș- 'မနဟစá€șက' ရဟိသညá€ș။
44:39
Take a look at the next example.
708
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နေဏကá€șá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
44:42
‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’
709
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'အနá€șနာက သူ့ကို ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șပေါငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€€á€»á€á€šá€ș။'
44:45
In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.
710
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'အနá€ș'။
44:47
Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.
711
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'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
44:51
Then the past participle ‘liked’.
712
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ထိုဥခါ အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż 'á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șသညá€ș' တá€Č့။
44:54
However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.
713
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သို့သေဏá€ș á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șမျဏသ' ကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șရသညá€ș။
44:59
Not ‘since weeks’.
714
2699120
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'ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șကတညá€șှက' မဟုတá€șပါ။
45:01
When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.
715
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ 'for' ကိုသုံသတá€Č့ဥခါ á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€™á€šá€ș။
45:04
We explain how long this action has been true.
716
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șရပá€șသညá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ရဟငá€șသပဌပါသညá€ș။
45:09
And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
717
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေ့လညá€șစာ စာှတာ 3 á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
45:14
Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.
718
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တဖနá€ș၊ ဝါကျသညá€ș '၃ လ' ဖဌင့á€ș ဥဆုံသသတá€șသညá€ș။
45:17
So we show the duration.
719
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အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌတယá€ș။
45:20
Let's move on to the next usage.
720
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
45:23
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€ș၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€
45:29
stopped.
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ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လကá€șရဟိ perfect tense ကို သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
45:30
Let’s take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
45:33
‘I have just been to the doctor,’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဆရာဝနá€șဆြ ရေဏကá€șဖူသပါတယá€ș'
45:36
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
725
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ဆိုတေဏ့ á€á€á€Œá€Źá€ž á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Č၊
45:40
‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.
726
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' have' or 'has' နá€Č့ past particile နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
45:44
But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«áŠ ငါ 'have' နá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'just' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသခá€Č့တယá€ș။
45:50
‘I have just been to the doctor.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ခုနက ဆရာဝနá€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș။'
45:53
This shows that it happened very recently.
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á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź သိပá€șá€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့တဏကို ပဌပါတယá€ș။
45:57
The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'James က á€žá€°á€·á€€á€œá€±á€žá€Ąá€žá€…á€șကို မဌငá€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
46:02
Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ' have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€șသာ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
46:08
Take a look at the next example.
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နေဏကá€șá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
46:10
It says, ‘She has already been to China.’
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'သူမက တရုတá€șနိုငá€șငံကို ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
46:14
‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' သညá€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို ပဌသရနá€ș သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသေဏ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
46:21
However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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သို့သေဏá€ș 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ကိုလညá€șှ á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€­á€Żá€· á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
46:26
So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမက တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€á€Ź ကေဏငá€șသပါတယá€ș။
46:32
And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ တလမá€șထံ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€›á€±á€Źá€€á€șလညá€șပတá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș'။
46:37
Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș á€€á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ' have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ထည့á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
46:42
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
46:46
‘We have visited Tom recently.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ တလမá€șကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အလညá€șလာခá€Č့သညá€ș။'
46:49
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
46:50
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလ၏ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
46:54
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
46:57
The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’
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ပထမတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' တá€Č့။
47:00
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သတိထာှမိတာက 'have'
47:06
and ‘been’.
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နá€Č့ 'been' á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှ á€›á€±á€žá€•á€Œá€á€Źá€•á€«á‹
47:08
‘I have not been to Europe.’
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'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ။'
47:11
You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’
748
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'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
47:17
The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€›á€œá€Źá€á€Ź ၃ á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
47:22
Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'မရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'not' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€ș။
47:27
‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
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'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€›á€œá€Źá€á€Ź ၃ á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá‹
47:31
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
752
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ကတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€›á€”á€ș ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
47:36
The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ 'Teddy မမေဏငá€șှတာ ၂ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
47:41
We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို ' has' နဟင့á€ș 'not' - 'hasn' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သုံသသညá€ș။
47:46
And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '2 years' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
47:53
And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
756
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ 2010 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
48:00
We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.
757
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' haven' – 'haven't' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ တလေ့နေရသညá€ș။
48:06
‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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'ကျလနá€șá€™á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ 2010 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
48:10
This time expression uses ‘since’.
759
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ကဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှသညá€ș 'စကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
48:13
And so we mention a specific point and time.
760
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș တိကျတá€Č့ ဥချကá€șနá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌပါတယá€ș။
48:17
Let's move on.
761
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
48:18
Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect
762
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ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလ ၏ 'have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
48:24
tense.
763
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။
48:25
Take a look at the board.
764
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
48:27
The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’
765
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Mike က နေ့လညá€șá€…á€Źá€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
48:31
That is a statement.
766
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အá€Čဒါပá€Čနေဏá€ș။
48:33
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
767
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖို့က တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
48:36
All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.
768
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သငá€șလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ ' has ' ကို á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
48:40
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
769
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အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€ș သငá€șက á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ လိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အတိတá€șရá€Č့ ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
48:45
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
770
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ယခငá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€»á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခဌငá€șá€žá€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
48:50
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
771
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž 2 á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čထဏသပါသညá€ș။
48:54
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
772
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' Mike နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž '
48:58
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
773
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' Mike နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž '
48:59
And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
774
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမရဟိဘူသ။'
49:05
The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’
775
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ ဗြဒြယိုကို ကဌည့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
49:09
This is a statement.
776
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ဒါက á€€á€Œá€±á€Šá€Źá€á€»á€€á€șတစá€șခုပါ။
49:11
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
777
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မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€€áŠ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čပါ။
49:18
‘Have they
?’
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'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€Źá€ž...?'
49:19
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ participle verb သညá€ș တစá€șနေရဏတညá€șသတလငá€ș ရဟိနေသညá€ș။
49:24
‘Have they watched the video?’
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'á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဖူှလာှ။'
49:28
‘Have they watched the video?’
781
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'á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဖူှလာှ။'
49:29
You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှကို သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
49:33
or ‘No, they haven't.’
783
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူတို့ မရဟိဘူသ'
49:35
Good job, guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș၊
49:37
Let's move on.
785
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
49:38
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
786
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အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ á€€á€Źá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ ဥတိုချုံသ မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
49:44
Take a look at the board.
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
49:46
I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.
788
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á€„á€«á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဘယá€ș'၊ 'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șသူ' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șလို' ရဟိတယá€ș။
49:50
These go at the beginning of the question.
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ဒါတလေက မေသခလနá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Źá‹
49:53
Let's take a look at the first example.
790
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ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
49:56
‘Where has Tim been?’
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'တိမá€ș ဘယá€șရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
49:58
You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.
792
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'has' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'have' ဖဌင့á€ș WH á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż လိုကá€șနာသညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
50:04
In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'Tim' ဆိုတေဏ့ Tim က 'he' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသတယá€ș။
50:10
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șနာခá€Č့သညá€ș။
50:15
‘Where has Tim been?’
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'တိမá€ș ဘယá€șရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
50:16
And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’
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'တိမá€ș အိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ပဌနá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
50:20
or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'Tim အာှလပá€șရကá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
50:23
Something like that.
798
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တစá€șခုခုပေါ့။
50:25
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ ဘယá€șနိုငá€șá€„á€¶á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șဖူှလá€Č။
50:29
I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’
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'ငါ တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
50:33
or ‘I have visited Mexico.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș မကá€čကဆြကိုကို ရေဏကá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș'
50:35
You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'I've' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
50:38
‘I've visited China.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
50:40
The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုက 'သူမက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတာလá€Č' တá€Č့။
50:44
You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her
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'သူမဥမေနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမ၏
50:50
teacher.’
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á€†á€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
50:52
The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'မငá€șှလကá€șထပá€șတာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
50:56
‘I've been married for 3 years.’
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အိမá€șထေဏငá€șသကá€ș ၃ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źáŠ
50:59
That's one answer that you can give.
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အá€Čဒါ မငá€șသပေသနိုငá€șတá€Č့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€á€…á€șခုပá€Č။
51:02
Great job, everybody.
810
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
51:03
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
51:04
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
51:08
Which describes an action that happened at
813
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အတိတá€șက မသိရသေသသေဏ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မရေမတလကá€șနိုငá€șသေဏ ဥချိနá€ș
51:11
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
814
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တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș ။
51:15
Let's look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
51:17
‘She _blank_ read that book.’
816
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'သူမ _blank_ အá€Čဒြစာအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șတယá€ș။'
51:20
The subject in this sentence is ‘she’.
817
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ကဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
51:23
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’.
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သူ/á€žá€°á€™á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ဒဟခေတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါတို့က 'ရဟိတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
51:29
‘She has’.
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'á€žá€°á€™á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညá€ș'။
51:31
Now, take a look at the verb.
820
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ကá€Č၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
51:33
It looks like ‘read’.
821
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'ဖတá€ș'ပုံရသညá€ș။
51:35
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
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သို့သေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€șလိုအပá€șသညá€șကိုသတိရပါ။
51:39
So It's actually ‘read’.
823
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ဒဟတေဏ့ တကယá€șက 'ဖတá€ș' တယá€ș။
51:41
‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the same.
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'ဖတá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'ဖတá€ș' သညá€ș á€…á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€±á€«á€„á€șှ á€Ąá€á€°á€á€°á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
51:44
‘She has read that book.’
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'သူမ ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
51:48
The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ _blank_ တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
51:52
‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.
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'visit' သညá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
51:55
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
828
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'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
52:00
Not ‘has’.
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'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž' မဟုတá€șပါ။
52:02
‘They have’
830
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź'
52:04
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
831
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အခု လညá€șပတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ အတိတá€șက á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Č။
52:07
The answer is ‘visited’.
832
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'နတá€șပဌညá€ș'။
52:10
‘They have visited China.’
833
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'သူတို့က တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș။'
52:14
Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’
834
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခု၊ 'ငါတို့ _blank_ အá€Čဒဟဖျေဏá€șဖဌေပလá€Čကို ကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။'
52:19
Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’.
835
3139040
4480
တစá€șဖနá€ș 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ ငါတို့' နဟင့á€ș 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș - ငါတို့ ' have' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
52:24
‘We have’.
836
3144480
800
'á€€á€Œá€Ÿá€”á€»á€Żá€•á€»á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညျ'။
52:25
Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'.
837
3145920
4000
ယခုဥခါ 'မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏ အတိတá€șက 'မဌငá€șသညá€ș' ဖဌစá€ș၏။
52:30
‘We have seen that concert.’
838
3150720
2880
'ဒဟဖျေဏá€șဖဌေပလá€Čကို á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
52:34
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
839
3154640
3360
ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
52:38
‘Rick have been to Cuba.’
840
3158720
2240
Rick က á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
52:41
Take a look at the subject, ‘Rick’.
841
3161600
2320
'Rick' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဘာသာရပá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
52:44
Rick is a ‘he’.
842
3164640
1440
Rick က 'သူ' ပါ။
52:46
So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’.
843
3166640
5120
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have ' အစာှ ဒါကို ' has ' á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
52:52
‘Rick has been to Cuba.’
844
3172400
2160
Rick က á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
52:56
‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’
845
3176400
3440
'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ငါ အလုပá€șá€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
53:00
The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’.
846
3180560
3200
ကဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဆယá€șလြ' နဟင့á€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
53:04
The pronoun for that is ‘we’.
847
3184800
2080
အá€Čá€’á€«á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နာမá€șစာှက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
53:08
‘We hasn't finished work.’
848
3188240
1920
'ငါတို့ အလုပá€șá€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
53:10
That still sounds weird, right?
849
3190880
1760
အá€Čဒါက ထူှဆနá€șသနေတုနá€șှပá€Č မဟုတá€șလာှ?
53:13
We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’.
850
3193280
6880
ဒါကို 'မရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ကျုံ့ 'မရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရမယá€ș။
53:21
And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’
851
3201040
3440
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ ဆရာဝနá€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့တယá€ș'
53:25
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
852
3205120
4240
ယခု ကဝါကျသညá€ș အဓိပá€čပါယá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလမဟုတá€șပေ။
53:29
We have to change it.
853
3209920
1760
အá€Čဒါကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရမယá€ș။
53:31
Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject, ‘I’.
854
3211680
4880
ဘာသာရပá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကို 'ငါ' ဟု သုံသသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
53:37
But we're not done.
855
3217120
1200
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ á€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹
53:38
What is the past participle of ‘go’?
856
3218880
4640
'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ၏အတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
53:45
It is ‘gone’.
857
3225040
1280
'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'။
53:46
‘I have gone to the doctor.’
858
3226880
2160
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဆရာဝနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș။'
53:49
Great job.
859
3229840
880
မဟာအလုပá€ș။
53:50
Let's move on to the next checkup.
860
3230720
1760
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
53:53
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
861
3233120
3680
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ နဟင့á€ș အတိတá€șကစတငá€șခá€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
53:56
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
862
3236800
5760
ယနေ့ ထိမဟနá€șနေဆá€Čဖဌစá€șသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€ș ကို ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș
54:02
today.
863
3242560
500
။
54:04
The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’
864
3244080
5920
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါ _blank_ Carly ကို 1994 ကတညá€șှက သိခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
54:10
The subject is ‘I’.
865
3250000
1920
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
54:11
And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’.
866
3251920
4400
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ဥတိတá€ș participle ရဟိတယá€ș၊ 'သိတယá€ș'။
54:16
Which is ‘known’.
867
3256320
1200
'သိ' သေဏ။
54:18
What are we missing?
868
3258160
960
á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č
54:19
The correct answer is ‘have’.
869
3259680
2080
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
54:22
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject.
870
3262320
5680
'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șနေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
54:28
The next sentence says,
871
3268960
1600
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
54:30
‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’
872
3270560
3120
'He has been here _blank_ 2pm'
54:34
Now the first part is all there.
873
3274640
2720
အခု ပထမပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
54:37
‘He has been’.
874
3277360
1520
'သူ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹
54:39
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
875
3279520
3440
သို့သေဏá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊
54:42
we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.
876
3282960
5360
ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șမဟနá€șကနá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș 'for' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' since' ကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
54:48
In this case, we use ‘since’.
877
3288880
2400
ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
54:51
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
878
3291840
4240
á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Č ဆိုတေဏ့ နေ့လညá€ș (၂) နာရြဆိုတာ သတá€șမဟတá€șထာှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€™á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€«á‹
54:57
Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’
879
3297280
4480
နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'သူမ _blank_ ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက တလမá€șကို á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
55:02
The subject is ‘she’.
880
3302400
2160
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူမ' ပါ။
55:04
And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'.
881
3304560
5040
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'like' ၏အတိတá€ș participle ရဟိသညá€ș 'like' ဖဌစá€șသည့á€ș။
55:10
What are we missing?
882
3310240
960
á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č
55:11
Again, we need ‘have’ or ‘has’.
883
3311840
2640
တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ရဟိ' ရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
55:15
Because the subject is ‘she’...
884
3315200
2080
ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူမ' ဆိုတေဏ့...
55:17
Can you figure out which one you need?
885
3317920
1920
ဘယá€șဟာကို လိုအပá€șလá€Č ဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șမလာှ။
55:20
The correct answer is ‘has’.
886
3320880
2000
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက ' has ' ပါ။
55:23
‘She has liked Tom since June.’
887
3323520
3280
'သူမက Tom ကို ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
55:27
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
888
3327760
3760
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုကို á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
55:32
‘I have worked here six months ago.’
889
3332240
3280
'လလနá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șက á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
55:36
Can you find a mistake here?
890
3336320
1440
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
55:38
‘I have worked’ - that's correct.
891
3338640
2720
'á€„á€«á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' - အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
55:41
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’.
892
3341920
4400
သို့သေဏá€șလညá€șှ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ á€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'လလနá€ș' ကို မသုံသပါ။
55:47
This is talking about more the past.
893
3347440
3120
ဒါက အတိတá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹
55:50
We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead.
894
3350560
3680
အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'စကတညá€șှက' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€»á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
55:54
Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time.
895
3354960
3600
ယခု 'á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șလ' သညá€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€”á€șမဟုတá€șပေ။
55:58
So we don't use ‘since’.
896
3358560
1760
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹
56:01
Instead, we talk about the duration.
897
3361280
2880
အá€Čဒြအစာှ၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș။
56:04
So we need ‘for’.
898
3364160
1440
အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'á€˜á€­á€Żá€·' လိုတယá€ș။
56:06
We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’
899
3366640
4080
'ငါ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတာ á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
56:11
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
900
3371680
1920
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
56:14
‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’
901
3374400
2960
'Jen ဥဥေသမိနေတဏ နဟစá€șပတá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
56:18
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
902
3378560
3120
ပထမတစá€șချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ ဒါက á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· မထငá€șပါဘူသ။
56:21
But remember, Jen is a ‘she’.
903
3381680
3280
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș Jen က 'သူမ' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
56:25
So we need ‘has’.
904
3385520
1280
အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'ရဟိ' ဖို့ လိုတယá€ș။
56:28
‘Jen has’.
905
3388000
1840
'Jen ရဟိတယá€ș'
56:29
But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’?
906
3389840
2880
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€á€á€…á€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ 'Jen á€Ąá€Ąá€±á€žá€™á€­á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
56:33
That's not right either.
907
3393280
1760
ဒါလညá€șှ မမဟနá€șဘူှ။
56:35
We need the past participle of ‘have’.
908
3395040
2560
'have' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
56:38
What is the past participle?
909
3398320
1840
အတိတá€șကပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Źá€˜á€Źá€œá€Č။
56:40
The correct answer is ‘had’.
910
3400720
2080
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိခá€Č့'။
56:43
‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’
911
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4160
'Jen ဥဥေသမိနေတဏ နဟစá€șပတá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
56:48
And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’
912
3408640
4400
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါတို့ á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€€á€á€Šá€șှက အိမá€șပဌနá€șမလာဘူှ' တá€Č့။
56:53
This one is a little tricky.
913
3413760
2160
ဒြဟာက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ခကá€șတယá€ș။
56:55
The subject is ‘we’.
914
3415920
2080
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါတို့' တá€Č့။
56:58
‘We have... have not’.
915
3418000
1600
'ငါတို့... မရဟိဘူသ'
56:59
That's correct.
916
3419600
1200
အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
57:00
The contraction is ‘haven't’.
917
3420800
1920
á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှသညá€ș 'မရဟိ'။
57:02
‘We haven't’.
918
3422720
800
'ငါတို့ မရဟိဘူသ'
57:04
Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’.
919
3424160
3440
အခု á€•á€Œá€żá€”á€Źá€€áŠ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€’á€źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ရဟိတယá€ș။
57:08
That's in the past simple tense.
920
3428240
2400
အá€Čဒါက အတိတá€șရá€Č့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ကိစá€čစပါ။
57:11
We need the past participle of ‘go’.
921
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2720
'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
57:15
The correct answer is ‘gone’.
922
3435440
2240
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'။
57:19
‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’
923
3439520
3200
'ငါတို့ á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€€á€á€Šá€șှက အိမá€șမပဌနá€șသေသဘူသ'
57:23
Good job, guys.
924
3443680
1040
အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș၊
57:24
Let's move on to the next checkup.
925
3444720
2160
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
57:26
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
926
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
57:30
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
927
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4000
á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á‹
57:35
We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.
928
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á€’á€«á€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရုံ'၊ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' နá€Č့ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șပါမယá€ș။
57:40
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
929
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
57:43
‘She has just _blank_ that book.’
930
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2480
'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဒြစာအုပá€ș _blank_ ပá€Čရဟိတယá€ș။'
57:46
And we're using the verb, ‘read’.
931
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ငါတို့က á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'ဖတá€ș' ကို သုံသနေတယá€ș။
57:49
Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’.
932
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'သူမ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șကို ယူမဟတá€șပါ။
57:52
And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’.
933
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3920
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' နá€Č့ 'အá€Č' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရဟိတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။
57:56
So that's correct.
934
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1520
ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
57:57
Now we need the past participle of ‘read’.
935
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖတá€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
58:01
And that is ‘read’.
936
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1200
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အá€Čဒါ 'ဖတá€ș' တယá€ș။
58:05
‘She has just read that book.’
937
3485680
2160
'သူမ ဒြစာအုပá€șကို á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€–á€á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
58:08
You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle.
938
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အရငá€șတုနá€șှက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șခငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရုံ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနေတဏ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
58:14
Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’.
939
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'They have already' နá€Č့ verb က 'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
58:20
If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
940
3500640
4240
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șပါက၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
58:25
But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
941
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ဒါပေမá€Č့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
58:31
So that's correct.
942
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1200
ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
58:32
‘They have’.
943
3512400
720
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညá€ș'။
58:33
Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently
944
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5200
á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș
58:39
or that it finished recently.
945
3519040
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသရနá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Šá€șသရဟိသညá€ș။
58:41
Now the verb is ‘wake up’.
946
3521440
1920
á€šá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'နိုှ' သညá€ș။
58:43
We need the past participle of ‘wake up’,
947
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3440
'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż လိုအပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
58:47
and that is ‘woken up’.
948
3527360
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၎ငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€‘á€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
58:52
So the answer is,
949
3532800
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€
58:54
‘They have already woken up.’
950
3534880
2400
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
58:58
The next sentence says,
951
3538240
1600
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
58:59
‘We have recently _blank_ work.’
952
3539840
2640
'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ _blank_ အလုပá€șရဟိသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
59:03
And the verb is ‘finish’.
953
3543120
1840
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€ž'။
59:05
‘We have’, that's correct.
954
3545920
2160
'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
59:08
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
955
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ á€•á€Œá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Šá€șှ ရဟိတယá€ș။
59:12
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’.
956
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'finish' ၏ အတိတá€șပါ၀ငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€–á€œá€±á€›á€”á€ș လိုအပá€șပါသညá€ș။
59:16
The correct answer is.
957
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1840
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက။
59:18
‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’
958
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5840
'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့သညá€ș၊ -ed၊ အလုပá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။'
59:25
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
959
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
59:30
‘Morty has eaten just.’
960
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2160
' Morty á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
59:33
This sounds a little strange, right?
961
3573600
1920
ဒါက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ထူှဆနá€șှတယá€șဟုတá€șလာှ။
59:36
That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb.
962
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရုံ' သညá€ș လိုအပá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
59:41
Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’
963
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Morty á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
59:46
The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’
964
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ကရငá€șဟာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက နေမကေဏငá€șသဖဌစá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
59:52
Karen is a ‘she’.
965
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ကရငá€șက 'ဟá€Č့' တá€Č့။
59:54
So ‘has’ is correct.
966
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1920
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရဟိ' တာ မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
59:57
And there we have ‘recently’.
967
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အá€Čá€’á€źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက ရဟိတယá€ș။
59:59
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
968
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șတို့သညá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
60:04
‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’.
969
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'be' သညá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·áá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'be' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș 'been' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
60:10
‘Karen has recently been sick.’
970
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'ကရငá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ နေမကေဏငá€șှတာ။'
60:13
And finally, ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
971
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
60:18
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
972
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș ယခငá€șက ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
60:22
‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
973
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș'
60:26
The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward.
974
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€»á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနညá€șှငယá€ș အဆငá€șမပဌေပါ။
60:31
So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’
975
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€„á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
60:35
So we can put ‘already’ before the verb,
976
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
60:38
‘I have already gone to the dentist’
977
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
60:41
Or we can put this at the end,
978
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
60:45
‘I have gone to the dentist already.’
979
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á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထာှနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș ။
60:48
Both of those are correct.
980
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နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€…á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတယá€ș။
60:50
Now, good job.
981
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ကá€Č အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။
60:52
That is the end of the checkup.
982
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အá€Čဒါ စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ ဥဆုံသပါ။
60:53
Let's move on.
983
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
60:55
Excellent job, everyone.
984
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မဌတá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
60:57
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
985
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို သငá€ș သငá€șယူခá€Č့သညá€ș။
61:00
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
986
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș မငá€șှက အရမá€șသကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șကို လုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș။
61:03
Keep studying English.
987
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€«á‹
61:05
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
988
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ခကá€șခá€Čတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဥချိနá€ș၊ အာှထုတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€Č့ လေ့ကျင့á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±á€”á€Č့ ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
61:10
I'll see you in the next video.
989
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
61:20
Hi, everyone.
990
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
61:21
Welcome to the video.
991
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á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
61:22
In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
992
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ဒြ Video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź Present Perfect Continuous English Tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။ ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż
61:28
This tense can be used to talk about an action
993
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အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€șဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သေဏ
61:31
that started in the past and continues in the present.
994
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș
61:35
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
995
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။ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șá€™á€œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€žá€±á€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€șလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
61:40
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
996
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့တá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș။
61:46
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
997
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€™á€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါ။
61:52
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
998
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အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€șဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș
61:55
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
999
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
62:01
We want to emphasize duration
1000
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€œá€­á€Ż
62:03
and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence.
1001
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á€•á€Œá€źá€ž သင့á€șဝါကျတလငá€ș 'for' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' since' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို á€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
62:08
Let's take a look at some examples.
1002
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
62:11
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
1003
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'Charles က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Ź တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
62:15
Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’.
1004
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'Charles' ဘာသာရပá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
62:18
The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’.
1005
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Charles ၏ နာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
62:21
And that's why we say ‘has’.
1006
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
62:24
After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
1007
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€ș။
62:28
In this case, ‘studying.’
1008
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'စဏကျကá€ș'။
62:31
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
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á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
62:36
That shows how long this  action has been happening.
1010
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șဟာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို ပဌသပါတယá€ș။
62:40
When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’.
1011
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သငá€ș 'for' ကိုသုံသသေဏဥခါ၊ သငá€șသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€žá€Šá€ș။ 'တစá€șနာရြ'
62:46
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
1012
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'Charles က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Ź တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
62:50
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
62:53
‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’
1014
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Lily က စနá€čဒယာှတြှတာ ၂ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
62:57
In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’.
1015
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ဒြကိစá€čá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź လြလြက 'သူမ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'ရဟိတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș။
63:03
You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
1016
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ငါတို့ 'ဖဌစá€ș' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
63:07
In this case, ‘playing’.
1017
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ'။
63:10
At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’.
1018
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· 'for' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသပါတယá€ș။
63:13
and then ‘two years’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'နဟစá€șနဟစá€ș'။
63:15
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
1020
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ဒြဟာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပဌသနေပါတယá€ș။
63:20
The next sentence is a little different.
1021
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသကတေဏ့ နညá€șှနညá€șသကလá€Čတယá€ș။
63:23
‘It has been growing since June.’
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'ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€‘á€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€á€šá€ș။'
63:26
So it can be something like a plant.
1023
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အပငá€șကá€Č့သို့ တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
63:29
The plant or it has been growing since June.
1024
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အပငá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€‘á€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€á€Č့သညá€ș။
63:34
Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’.
1025
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'စကတညá€șှက' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č 'á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
63:38
What's the difference?
1026
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€œá€Źá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Č။
63:39
We use a specific point in time with since.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဥချိနá€șနဟင့á€șá€á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€Šá€ź သတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
63:43
We don't say ‘Since two hours’.
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'နဟစá€șနာရြကတညá€șှက' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€žá‹
63:46
No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’
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မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ 'ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက စတငá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချိနá€ș' ဟု ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
63:50
And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'Dan နá€Č့ ငါက မနကá€ș 6 နာရြကတညá€șှက အလုပá€șဆငá€șသနေတဏ'
63:56
The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’.
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'Dan and I' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș subject pronoun သညá€ș 'We' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
64:00
Therefore we use ‘have’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
64:02
At the end of the sentence, we have ‘since 6 a.m.’
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မနကá€ș 6 နာရြကတညá€șှက' ရဟိတယá€ș၊
64:07
Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
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'စကတညá€șှက' နá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș စတငá€șချိနá€ș က တိကျတá€Č့ဥချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Č့တဏကို သတိရပါ
64:13
started.
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။
64:14
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
64:15
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကိုလညá€șှ ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€…á€›á€Źá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€˜á€Č á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
64:21
In this case, we mean ‘lately’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'á€œá€±á€Źá€œá€±á€Źá€œá€á€șလတá€ș' ကို ဆိုလိုသညá€ș။
64:24
This action has been happening ‘lately’,
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသေဏ
64:27
and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသပဌရနá€ș 'lately' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
64:33
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
64:35
‘You have been missing many classes lately.’
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'မငá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက အတနá€șသတေဏá€șတေဏá€șမျဏသမျဏသ ပျေဏကá€șနေတယá€ș'
64:39
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately'
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș
64:43
to describe when this action has been happening.
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șဥချိနá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș 'lately' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
64:47
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€á€•á€„á€ș သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
64:51
For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’
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ငပမဏ- 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အတနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șပျေဏကá€șဆုံသနေပါသညá€ș။'
64:56
The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ Toby သညá€ș နေ့တိုငá€șှလညá€șပတá€șနေသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။ á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
65:02
In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning
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ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတလေ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတယá€șဆိုတာကို á€•á€Œá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·
65:05
to show when does action has been happening.
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á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș ။
65:09
You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence.
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
65:12
‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’
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'တိုဘြသညá€ș နေ့တိုငá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေပါသညá€ș။'
65:16
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș Toby ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș Toby á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
65:22
Because Toby is a ‘he’.
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တိုဘြသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပငá€ș။
65:25
The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'ဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဒါနက ရေကူသတဏမျဏသတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
65:30
Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this sentence,
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'lately' ကိုသုံသ
65:34
but you can also use it at the end.
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သေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ၎ငá€șှကိုသငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
65:37
Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’.
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ဒါနသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို ' has' ဖဌင့á€ș လိုကá€șနာခá€Č့သညá€ș။
65:42
And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ အတူတူ လေ့ကျင့á€șခá€Č့ကဌတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
65:48
‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’.
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'We' သညá€ș á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ' have' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
65:52
Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'We've' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
65:56
‘We have’ become ‘We've’.
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'ငါတို့' 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șလာတယá€ș။
65:59
‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
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'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ အတူတူ လေ့ကျင့á€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
66:02
We can put ‘recently’ at the end,
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'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ရေသနိုငá€șသညá€ș၊
66:05
or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ငါတို့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€Ąá€á€°á€á€°á€œá€±á€·á€€á€»á€„á€·á€șခá€Č့ကဌသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
66:10
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
66:12
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရလဒá€ș ရဟိသည့á€ș
66:18
stopped and has a present result.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€șလညá€șှ သုံသသညá€ș
66:21
Let's take a look at the example.
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။ á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
66:24
‘I'm tired because I have been running.’
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'á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€›á€á€Ź ပငá€șပနá€șှတယá€ș'
66:27
The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ၊ 'ငါပဌေသနေသညá€ș'
66:30
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
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သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€œá€„á€șသေဏစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
66:34
This is the action that recently stopped.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
66:37
And as a result, ‘I'm tired’.
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ရလဒá€șဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါပငá€șပနá€șှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
66:40
This is the present result.
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ဒါက လကá€șရဟိရလဒá€șပါ။
66:42
What's happening now, because of this.
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အခု á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č၊ အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș။
66:45
‘I'm tired.’.
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șပငá€șပနá€șသနေတယá€ș။'။
66:47
The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လမá€șှက စိုနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
66:52
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
66:55
Here, we know that it has been raining.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź သိတယá€ș။
66:58
And this action recently stopped.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဒြလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
67:01
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ယခုလကá€șရဟိတလငá€ș လမá€șှသညá€ș á€…á€­á€Żá€…á€œá€á€șနေသညá€ș။
67:05
The street is wet right now because of this action.
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș လမá€șှက á€…á€­á€Żá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
67:10
The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ 'မငá€șသနဏသမထေဏငá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· နာှမလညá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
67:16
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
67:19
Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’
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က လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
67:23
because of this action,  you haven't been listening,
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'မရဟိသေသ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€„á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ဟူသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
67:27
now you don't understand.
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နဏသမထေဏငá€șဖူှ၊ ယခု နာှမလညá€șသေသပေ။
67:30
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€Źá€”á€Šá€șှနညá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှသညá€ș။
67:34
‘I've been studying all night.’
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'ငါ တစá€șá€Šá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž စဏကျကá€șနေတယá€ș'
67:37
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ရဟိပါသညá€ș။
67:40
This is the action that stopped recently.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
67:43
And here is the result.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဒါက ရလဒá€șပါ။
67:45
‘Now, I'm exhausted.’
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'အခု ငါ ပငá€șပနá€șá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
67:47
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
67:49
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
67:50
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
67:55
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
67:57
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ ငါ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:01
At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
68:07
been happening recently.
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á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€Šá€·á€ș လုပá€șရပá€șဖဌစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသရနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ကရကá€șမျဏသ' ရဟိသညá€ș။
68:09
In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’.
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတá€Čá€·á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မ' ရဟိရမယá€ș။
68:13
The ‘not’ goes after have or has.
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'not' သညá€ș have á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș has áá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
68:16
In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'ရဟိသညá€ș' á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
68:21
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ ငါ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:25
We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ ' haven't ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' have not ' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
68:29
‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:33
The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not been cooking lately.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဆူှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șခဌငá€șá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
68:37
We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence,
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'lately' ရဟိတယá€ș၊
68:40
We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence.
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ဝါကျရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'lately' ကိုလညá€șှ ထည့á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
68:44
The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ အပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ ' has' ရá€Č့နေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ကို ထည့á€șဖို့ပါပá€Č။
68:49
Why did we use ‘has’?
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' has ' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
68:51
Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'.
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ဆူှ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
68:54
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
68:58
Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ hasn't á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှအာှ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
69:02
‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’
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'ဆူှ ဟငá€șသချကá€șတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
69:06
The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Jeff ဟာ ကျနá€șသမဏရေသနá€Č့ á€Šá€źá€Šá€œá€á€șတá€Č့ အစာှအစာကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€™á€…á€Źá€žá€›á€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
69:12
Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
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တဖနá€ș၊ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€… á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
69:18
We have the contestant ‘hasn't’ here for you.
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သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Œá€­á€Żá€„á€șပလá€Čဝငá€ș 'မရဟိ' ပါ။
69:22
‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’.
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' hasn' သညá€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
69:25
We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź Jeff ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရဟိ' သညá€ș။
69:30
And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șတာ တစá€șနဟစá€șကျေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
69:36
In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ 'တစá€șနဟစá€șကျေဏá€ș' သညá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
69:40
Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening.
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'for' ဖဌင့á€ș မဟတá€șသဏသထဏသပါ၊ တစá€șစုံတစá€șခု ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို သငá€șပဌသပါ။
69:45
In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
69:50
Great job, everybody.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
69:51
let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
69:52
Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question
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အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
69:57
for the present perfect continuous tense.
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'have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' ဆိုတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șှကို ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș
70:00
The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’
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။ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș၊
70:04
Now, to turn this into a question,
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အခု ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့၊
70:07
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
70:12
So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’.
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ဒါဆို 'သူ' က 'á€žá€°á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
70:16
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
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'သူ စာဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
70:19
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
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ဝါကျရá€Č့ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șှက á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čတာကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
70:23
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
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'သူ စာဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
70:26
To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
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á€–á€Œá€±á€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှပá€Č á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမရဟိဘူသ။'
70:32
The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ည ၈ နာရြကတညá€șှက အိပá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Ź
70:36
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
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ပဌနá€șတယá€ș၊ ဝါကျရá€Č့ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ ဒြအတိုငá€șှပá€Č၊
70:40
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
1139
4240960
2880
အစပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Č á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
70:44
‘They have’ become ‘Have they’.
1140
4244640
2240
'သူတို့' 'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' ဖဌစá€șလာသညá€ș။
70:47
‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’
1141
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'ည ၈ နာရြကတညá€șှက အိပá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
70:50
To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’
1142
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ဟုသငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
70:54
or ‘No. they haven't.’
1143
4254000
2000
á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'No. သူတို့ မရဟိဘူသ၊
70:56
Great job, everybody.
1144
4256800
1360
ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
70:58
Let's move on.
1145
4258160
800
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
70:59
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
1146
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6160
ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
71:06
Here, we have some WH question words.
1147
4266480
3200
ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
71:09
‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’.
1148
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'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź'၊ 'á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șလို'။
71:13
Let's take a look at the first question.
1149
4273040
1920
ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
71:15
‘What have you been doing lately?’
1150
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'မငá€șှ ဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șှ ဘာလုပá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
71:18
I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’
1151
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3120
'á€„á€«á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
71:21
or ‘I have been studying.’
1152
4281600
1680
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€„á€«á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:23
I can also use the contraction ‘I've’.
1153
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'I've' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
71:26
‘I've been working.’
1154
4286800
1520
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș အလုပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:28
‘I've been studying.’
1155
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'ငါ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:30
The next question says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’
1156
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3200
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'မငá€șှဘယá€șကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șခá€Č့လá€Č' တá€Č့။
71:34
‘I have been traveling in Europe.’
1157
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2240
'á€„á€›á€±á€Źá€•á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
71:36
or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’
1158
4296320
3840
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€„á€›á€±á€Źá€•á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
71:40
‘Why has he been feeling sad?’
1159
4300160
2160
'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€· ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€”á€±á€›á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
71:43
You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’
1160
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3680
'သူ ဝမá€șှနညá€șသနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
71:46
That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
1161
4306720
5680
အá€Č့ဒါက 'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ၊ သူ့ဥိမá€șမလေသတိရိစá€čဆာနá€șá€žá€±á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· စိတá€șမကေဏငá€șသဖဌစá€șရတယá€ș။
71:53
or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’
1162
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4880
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူ့ရညá€șှစာှနá€Č့ လမá€șသခလá€Čလိုကá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဝမá€șှနညá€șသနေရတယá€ș။'
71:58
Something like that.
1163
4318160
880
တစá€șခုခုပေါ့။
71:59
And ‘How has she been doing?’
1164
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2320
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူမ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€œá€Č'
72:02
‘How has she been doing?’
1165
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'သူမ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€œá€Č'
72:04
I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’
1166
4324320
2320
'သူမ နေကေဏငá€șá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
72:07
‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’.
1167
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'သူမ' သညá€ș 'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
72:10
Great job, everyone.
1168
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
72:12
Let's move on.
1169
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800
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
72:13
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
1170
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș။
72:18
This tense can be used to describe an event
1171
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေသည့á€ș
72:21
that started in the past and continues in the present.
1172
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥပျကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș
72:25
Let's take a look.
1173
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။ ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
72:27
The first sentence says,
1174
4347440
1600
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
72:29
‘He has _blank_ all week,’
1175
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2560
'He has _blank_ တစá€șပတá€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž'
72:31
And the verb is ‘sleep’.
1176
4351600
1360
နá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'sleep' ပါ။
72:33
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’.
1177
4353760
4320
ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șတá€Č့ဥရဏက 'သူ' ဆိုတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို အရငá€șကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။
72:38
For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’.
1178
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'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' နá€Č့ 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ' has' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ရေသထဏသတယá€ș။
72:43
Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’.
1179
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'been' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€‘á€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș။ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
72:48
Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end.
1180
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ထည့á€șပါ။
72:52
‘He has been sleeping all week.’
1181
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4240
'သူ တစá€șပတá€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž အိပá€șနေတဏပá€Č။'
72:57
The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’
1182
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź _blank_ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
73:02
and the verb is ‘travel’.
1183
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ခရြှ'။
73:04
Now, this is the negative form.
1184
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ဥခုတေဏ့ ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံပါ။
73:07
So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’.
1185
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż မငá€șသမဌငá€șရတယá€ș - 'မလုပá€șဖူှ'။
73:09
‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’.
1186
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'မငá€șသမရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ'။
73:12
Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’.
1187
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șသေဏဥရဏသညá€ș 'been' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
73:18
Then, do you remember what to do?
1188
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ဒါဆို ဘာလုပá€șရမလá€Č မဟတá€șမိလာှ။
73:21
Add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
1189
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șပါ။
73:28
‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’
1190
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'မငá€șှ á€á€›á€źá€žá€™á€‘á€œá€€á€șတာ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
73:32
Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’
1191
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'သူတို့ _blank_ တနေကုနá€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
73:37
So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you.
1192
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€±á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
73:41
Now, take a look at the subject.
1193
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2720
အခု ဘာသာရပá€șကို တစá€șချကá€șကဌည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
73:44
The subject is ‘they’.
1194
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့' ပါ။
73:46
Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’?
1195
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'have' ကို သုံသသင့á€șသလာှ။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသသင့á€șသလာှ။
73:50
The correct answer is ‘have’.
1196
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
73:54
Then what do you put?
1197
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960
ဒါဆို မငá€șှဘာထာှလá€Č
73:56
Remember, we put ‘been’.
1198
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ငါတို့ 'been' á€œá€­á€Żá€· မဟတá€șထာှလိုကá€șပါ။
74:00
‘They have been working all day.’
1199
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'တစá€șနေကုနá€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź'
74:02
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
1200
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အခု ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șချငá€șရငá€ș
74:06
‘They haven't been working all day.’
1201
4446000
2320
'တစá€șá€”á€±á€·á€œá€Żá€¶á€ž အလုပá€șမလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
74:09
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
1202
4449360
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
74:12
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
1203
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6720
'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
74:19
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
1204
4459440
640
'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
74:20
What's the mistake?
1205
4460080
960
á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€œá€Č?
74:22
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
1206
4462000
5200
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။ á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
74:27
So we should say,
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'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź'
74:30
‘My friends have been watching TV.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€„á€·á€șတယá€ș ။
74:34
Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'Sal က ၁၀ မိနစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș'
74:39
Hmm..
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ဟမá€ș။
74:40
Sal is a ‘he'.
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Sal က 'သူ'။
74:42
And ‘talking’ is already there for you.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Ź' က မငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá‹
74:45
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ အá€Čá€’á€źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုရá€Č့ အလယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€Č။
74:50
For ‘he’, we use ‘has’.
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'သူ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ' has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
74:53
So we say ‘has been’.
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အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
74:57
‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’
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'Sal á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Ź ၁၀ မိနစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
75:00
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့
75:01
‘He has been to eat for an hour.’
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'သူထမငá€șှစာှတာ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
75:05
Hmm..
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ဟမá€ș..
75:06
‘He has been’ That's correct.
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'သူဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
75:09
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used.
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သို့သေဏá€ș ကဝါကျတလငá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż 'စာှ' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
75:15
Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ '-ing' လိုတယá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
75:22
This is the correct answer.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
75:25
‘He has been eating for an hour.’
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'သူထမငá€șသစဏသနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
75:28
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
75:32
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
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á€€á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€ș
75:37
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
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ကာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€ź á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șခုကို မညá€șသို့ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
75:42
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
75:45
‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’
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'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź _blank_ မကေဏငá€șှတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
75:49
And the verb is ‘feel’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ခံစဏသ' တယá€ș။
75:51
Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’.
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'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မဟတá€șသဏသပါ၊ ' has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
75:55
Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’.
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ဒါဆိုရငá€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' ဖို့ လိုတယá€șဆိုတာ မမေ့ပါနá€Č့။
75:59
‘She has been’
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'She has been'
76:01
After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
76:08
The correct sentence is,
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မဟနá€șကနá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
76:10
‘She has been feeling bad lately.’
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'သူမသညá€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€†á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Č့သညá€ș။'
76:14
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
76:15
‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ _blank_ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
76:19
And the verb is ‘cook’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€ș'။
76:21
This is a negative sentence.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဝါကျပါ။
76:23
So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€˜á€°á€ž' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
76:28
‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’.
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'We haven't' 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
76:35
‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șတာ သိပá€șá€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹'
76:40
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
76:46
‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှကို စကá€șဘြှစြှလာတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
76:50
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č။
76:53
The subject here is ‘We’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။
76:55
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has
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'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ 'ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€ź'
77:01
been’.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
77:05
‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှကို စကá€șဘြှစြှလာတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
77:09
And for the last one,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတစá€șခုကတေဏ့
77:12
‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’
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'Jenny က á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ ငါ့ကို မကူညြခá€Č့ဘူသ' တá€Č့။
77:16
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
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á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€šá€œá€„á€șá€žá€…á€œá€Ź ထည့á€șသလငá€șှထာှသညá€ș။
77:19
We have to say,
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'ဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź Jenny က ငါ့ကို á€™á€€á€°á€Šá€źá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž'
77:23
‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș ။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
77:26
or we can also say,
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'Jenny က ငါ့ကို ကူညြတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
77:30
‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
77:34
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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။ နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
77:36
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ
77:41
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရလဒá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș
77:45
but has a present result.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș
77:47
The first sentence says,
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။ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
77:49
‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’
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'I _blank_ . အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€»á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€›á€™á€șသထလကá€șတယá€ș။'
77:53
The verb here is ‘exercise’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
77:55
And the subject is ‘I’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
77:57
Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’?
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'ငါ' ဘာသာရပá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'has' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'have' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
78:01
The correct answer is ‘have’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
78:06
Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
78:17
Okay, so the correct answer is,
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ဟုတá€șá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါဆို á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
78:19
‘I have been exercising.
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'ငါ လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှလုပá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
78:22
That's why I'm so sweaty.’
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€»á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€›á€™á€șသထလကá€șတယá€ș။'
78:24
That's the result.
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အá€Čဒါ ရလဒá€șပါ။
78:25
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
78:27
‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’
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'ငါ _blank_ á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€‚á€»á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€·á€șနá€Č့ ဖုံသနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
78:30
And the verb is ‘bake’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ဖုတá€ș'။
78:33
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
78:34
I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’
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á€„á€«á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မုန့á€șညကá€șá€–á€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€·' ဆိုတေဏ့
78:38
So this first part is the result.
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ဒြပထမပိုငá€șှက ရလဒá€șပါ။
78:41
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€ș á€•á€Œá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
78:47
Again, the subject is ‘I’.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'။
78:49
So we use ‘have been’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have been ' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
78:54
Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș မုန့á€șဖုတá€șခဌငá€șá€žáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
79:02
‘I have been baking.’
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'ငါ ဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹' မုန့á€șဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€™á€­á€Żá€· မုန့á€șညကá€șနá€Č့ ဖုံသထဏသ
79:03
So again,
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ပဌနá€șတယá€ș
79:05
‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’
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။ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ကျုံ့တဏကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
79:08
And we can use the contraction and say,
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'ငါ ဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
79:11
‘I've been baking.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
79:14
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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။ ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
79:19
‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’
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'သူမက á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€œá€±á€žá€”á€±á€á€±á€Źá€· ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șတယá€ș။'
79:24
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
79:26
The result is that ‘she has a headache.’
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ရလဒá€șကတေဏ့ 'သူမ ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
79:29
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပထမပိုငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကို သုံသဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
79:34
‘She has’ is correct.
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'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź' မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
79:36
What's missing?
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á€˜á€Źá€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č?
79:38
Don't forget the ‘been’.
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'ဖဌစá€șဖူှသညá€ș' ကို မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
79:41
Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șရနá€șလညá€șှ လိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
79:48
‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’
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'သူမ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€œá€±á€žá€”á€±á€á€±á€Źá€· ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șနေတယá€ș'
79:53
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
79:57
‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’
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'ငါက ဥစဏသဥသေဏကá€șá€á€œá€±á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဗိုကá€șဆာတယá€ș'
80:02
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb, ‘diet’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș တစá€șခုတညá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို 'ဥစဏသဥသေဏကá€ș' ထည့á€șရနá€ș á€™á€±á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှပငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
80:11
The correct answer is,
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
80:13
‘I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.’
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'ငါ ဗိုကá€șအရမá€șá€žá€†á€Źá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€·' တá€Č့။
80:18
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
80:19
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
80:21
Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the present tense. 
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အထူှပငá€șကျေသဇူသတငá€șရဟိပါသညá€ș။
80:25
Now, I want you to watch the next  grammar course on the past tense. 
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ယခုသငá€șသညá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șထပá€șသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
80:29
I’ll see you there.
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á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
80:39
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
80:40
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
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ဒြ Video á€œá€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€±á€žá€€á€­á€Ż မိတá€șဆကá€șá€•á€±á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါတယá€ș။
80:45
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
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ကသဒá€čဒါတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș အတိတá€șáá€Ąá€‘á€œá€±á€‘á€œá€±á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€Ąá€”á€±áŠ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€á€…á€șခုကို ရဟငá€șသပဌရနá€ș ကူညဟပေသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
80:52
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź အရမá€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șခုမို့ ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
81:00
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို
81:03
in the past simple tense.
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အရငá€șတုနá€șှက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှ
81:06
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
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á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș ။ past simple tense တလငá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż past general state ကိုဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
81:12
We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense.
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ဒြ tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be', 'was' နá€Č့ 'were' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
81:17
Take a look at the examples.
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နမူနဏမျဏသကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
81:19
‘I was scared.’
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'á€„á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șတယá€ș။'
81:21
‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’
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'ဂျိမá€șှစá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș သူ 'á€†á€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șခá€Č့သညá€ș။'
81:25
‘She was sad.’
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'သူမ ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။'
81:28
‘My dog was hungry.’
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'á€„á€«á€·á€á€œá€±á€žá€—á€­á€Żá€€á€șá€†á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
81:30
‘My dog’ can be ‘it’.
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'ငါ့ခလေသ' 'အá€Čဒါ' ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș။
81:32
So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș past tense 'be' verb 'was' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
81:40
However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နဟင့á€ș 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'were' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
81:45
‘You were a good student.’
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'မငá€șှက ကျေဏငá€șသသဏသကေဏငá€șှတစá€șယေဏကá€șပါ။'
81:48
‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’
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'မငá€șှရá€Č့မိဘတလေ၊ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș သူတို့က ပနá€șá€žá€á€Œá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá‹' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ငါတို့ဥိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နဟစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
81:57
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
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ကနေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șတလေ့မဌငá€șရပါသညá€ș။
82:01
Great job.
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မဟာအလုပá€ș။
82:02
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
82:04
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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ယခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ယခငá€șက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
82:09
Take a look at these examples.
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ကငပမဏမျဏသကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
82:11
‘Liam played a game.’
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'Liam က ဂိမá€șှတစá€șခုဆေဏ့တယá€ș။'
82:14
Liam is a ‘he’,
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Liam သညá€ș 'he' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș၊
82:16
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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သို့သေဏá€ș ယခငá€șက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€™á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á‹
82:21
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’
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ဘာသာရပá€șက ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊
82:27
to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'd' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ed' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șရမယá€ș။
82:29
Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'play' ဆိုတေဏ့ ငါ '-ed' ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
82:33
‘Liam played a game.’
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'Liam က ဂိမá€șှတစá€șခုဆေဏ့တယá€ș။'
82:36
‘The car, or it needed gas.’
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'ကာှ၊ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ဓာတá€șá€„á€œá€±á€·á€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။'
82:40
The verb here is ‘need’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'လိုအပá€ș' ပါ။
82:42
For the past simple tense, I added ‘-ed’.
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အတိတá€șရá€Č့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါ '-ed' ကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
82:46
‘We watched a movie.’
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'ငါတို့ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။'
82:49
Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'ed' á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€ș' သညá€ș။
82:53
‘You exercised for an hour.’
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'မငá€șှ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှ လုပá€șတယá€ș။'
82:56
In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
82:59
I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense.
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အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥေဏငá€ș 'd' သဏထည့á€șရနá€șလိုသညá€ș။
83:03
And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူတို့က ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș အလုပá€șလာလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€á€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။'
83:07
The verb is ‘work’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'အလုပá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
83:09
And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ed' ကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
83:13
The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit.
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'á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș á€€á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
83:17
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
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အတိတá€șက á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€›á€”á€ș အတိတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
83:23
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
83:24
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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ဥခုတေဏ့၊ အရငá€șတုနá€șှက ရိုှစငá€șှတá€Č့ tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မမဟနá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€™á€šá€ș။
83:29
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șရနá€ș 'd' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ed' ကိုသာ ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
83:36
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
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သို့သေဏá€ș မမဟနá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ကလá€Čá€•á€Œá€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€”á€Šá€șသဖဌင့á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရမညá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
83:42
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
83:45
‘I ate with my friend.’
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'သူငယá€șချငá€șှနá€Č့ စာှခá€Č့တယá€ș'
83:47
The verb here is ‘ate’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'စာှတယá€ș'။
83:50
‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’.
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'စာှ' သညá€ș 'စာှ' ၏ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
83:54
The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက 'နရာက ဇာတá€șလမá€șှတစá€șပုဒá€șရေသတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
83:58
The verb is ‘write’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ရေသ' တá€Č့။
84:00
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’.
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၎ငá€șှကို အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€žá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șမဟုတá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż 'ရေသသညá€ș' သို့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပါသညá€ș။
84:08
‘You often came home late.’
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'မငá€șှ အိမá€șနေဏကá€șကျတတá€șတယá€ș'
84:11
The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'လာ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ၎ငá€șှကို 'လာ' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čထာှသညá€ș။
84:16
You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€›á€”á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
84:22
‘We bought a camera.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ကငá€șမရာဝယá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
84:24
The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'ဝယá€șသညá€ș' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ၎ငá€șှကို 'အဝယá€ș' သို့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ပဌသသညá€ș။
84:31
And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ကျလနá€șမမိဘတလေက ကျလနá€șမကို ပိုကá€șဆံတစá€șနဟစá€ș ပို့ပေသတယá€ș။'
84:36
Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’.
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ကတလငá€ș 'ပို့' သညá€ș 'ပို့' ၏ အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
84:41
Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration.
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ကတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'တစá€șနဟစá€ș' ကိုလညá€șှ တလေ့ရသညá€ș၊ á€€á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌသညá€ș။
84:47
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
84:48
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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ယခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
84:54
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
84:56
The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’
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ပထမတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငါဗိုကá€șမဆာဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
85:00
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
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past simple tense á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź
85:04
I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Čဒါ' ဆိုရငá€ș ငါတို့က 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
85:10
For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မဟုတá€ș'။
85:17
‘I wasn't’.
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'á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
85:19
‘She wasn't’.
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'သူမမဟုတá€șဘူှ'
85:20
So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’
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'ငါ ဗိုကá€șမဆာဘူှ' ကို ပဌနá€șကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
85:25
‘She wasn't home today.’
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'သူ ဒဟနေ့ အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မရဟိဘူသ'
85:28
Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’,
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အခု á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș
85:32
We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
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ငါတို့က 'မဟုတá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Ź 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။
85:36
‘The children, or they were not quiet.’
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'ကလေသတလေ၊ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€„á€Œá€­á€™á€șဘူှ။'
85:41
‘The children were not quiet.’
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'ကလေသတလေက မငဌိမá€șဘူှ။'
85:45
And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ခလေသ' လာှ၊ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မကစာှဘူှလာှ'
85:52
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
85:53
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
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အခု၊ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șသေဏ၊ á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șမဟုတá€șသေဏ
85:59
regular or irregular.
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အတိတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
86:02
Here are some examples.
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။ ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
86:04
‘I did not like him.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș သူ့ကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ။'
86:07
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject.
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'be' မဟုတá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șသေဏဥရဏသညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș 'မလုပá€ș' ဟူ၍သာ ရေသခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
86:13
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Ÿ မလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
86:18
We keep the base verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż စေဏင့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șသညá€ș။
86:21
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€–á€™á€șှမိဘူှ။'
86:24
Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမလုပá€șခá€Č့ဘူသ' ၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€·
86:29
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€–á€™á€șှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
86:32
‘They didn't dance.’
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သုံသပါတယá€ș ။ 'မကဘူှ'
86:34
Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'မလုပá€șခá€Č့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
86:38
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€ á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
86:42
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မမဟနá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ ကတလငá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș၊ ၎ငá€șသတို့ကို á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș သိမá€șှထာှသညá€ș။
86:49
And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါတို့ အá€Čဒါကို မစဉá€șှစာှဘူှ။'
86:52
Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€Šá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မလုပá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€ș'။
86:57
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
86:58
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șသညá€ș past simple tense á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရနá€ș နညá€șှလမá€șသနဟစá€șခုကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။
87:03
Take a look at the first example.
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ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
87:06
‘He was angry.’
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'သူ စိတá€șဆိုှတယá€ș။'
87:08
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’.
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ကပထမဝါကျတလငá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'was' ကို တလေ့သညá€ș။
87:12
It's quite easy.
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တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
87:14
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့ သငá€șလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
87:20
‘Was he angry?’
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'သူ ဒေါသထလကá€șá€”á€±á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
87:22
You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
87:28
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€œá€Šá€șှ ပါပါတယá€ș။
87:31
‘They were comfortable.’
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'သူတို့ အဆငá€șပဌေတယá€ș။'
87:33
So again, switch the first two words.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌနá€șတယá€ș။
87:37
‘Were they comfortable?’
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'အဆငá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€€á€Œá€œá€Źá€ž'
87:39
The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€á€œá€±á€€ 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊
87:42
or ‘No, they weren't.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
87:44
However, look at the third sentence.
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သို့သေဏá€ș á€á€á€­á€šá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șပါ။
87:47
‘Sam lived here.’
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'Sam က á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေခá€Č့တယá€ș။'
87:49
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
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ကဝါကျတလငá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź မရဟိပါ။
87:52
Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’.
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ယငá€șှအစာှ၊ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'အသကá€șရဟငá€șသညá€ș' ကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șရသညá€ș။
87:55
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ ဘာလုပá€șလုပá€ș á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Č ဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș
87:59
we start the question with ‘did’.
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'လုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șှကို စတငá€șပါတယá€ș။
88:02
‘Did Sam live here?’
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'Sam á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€œá€Źá€ž'
88:04
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș past tense မဟုတá€șတေဏ့သညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
88:09
We use the base form of the verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
88:12
‘Did Sam live here?’
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'Sam á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€œá€Źá€ž'
88:14
You can say ‘Yes, he did.’
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူလုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
88:18
or ‘No, he didn't.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူက မလုပá€șဘူှ။'
88:19
The last sentence is similar.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသကတေဏ့ á€Ąá€œá€Źá€žá€á€°á€•á€«á€•á€Č။
88:21
‘They won the contest last year.’
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'မနဟစá€șက á€•á€Œá€­á€Żá€„á€șပလá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဥေဏငá€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
88:24
The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'အနိုငá€șရ' ၊ အá€Čဒါ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။
88:29
So again, we start the question with ‘did’ .
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž မေသခလနá€șှကို 'did' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
88:32
And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူတို့' ဘာသာရပá€șကို á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အá€Čဒါ 'အနိုငá€șရ' ပေါ့။
88:39
‘Did they win the contest last year?’
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'မနဟစá€șက á€•á€Œá€­á€Żá€„á€șပလá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနိုငá€șရခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
88:42
You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
88:46
or ‘No, they didn't.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ။'
88:47
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
88:48
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
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ယခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ယခငá€șက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€ș၌ WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€–á€”á€șတြှနညá€șှကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။
88:55
Take a look at the board.
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
88:57
We have some WH words here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș WH á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
89:00
‘What’ ‘When’
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'What' 'When'
89:02
‘Where’ and ‘Why’
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'Where' နဟင့á€ș 'Why'
89:03
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’.
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WH á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€…á€źáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș 'did' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á€œá€Źá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
89:08
‘What did’ ‘When did’
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'ဘာလုပá€șတာလá€Č' 'ဘယá€șတုနá€șှကလá€Č'
89:11
‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’.
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'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č' 'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șတာလá€Č'။
89:14
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
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အá€Čဒြဘာသာရပá€șရá€Č့နေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€ ဘာလá€Č။
89:19
So, let's take a look.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
89:22
‘What did you do last night?’
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'မနေ့ညက ဘာလုပá€șလိုကá€șတာလá€Č'
89:25
‘What did you do last night?’
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'မနေ့ညက ဘာလုပá€șလိုကá€șတာလá€Č'
89:27
I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
89:31
Or ‘I read a book.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș စာအုပá€șဖတá€șတယá€ș။
89:34
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€žá€Šá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€șကို သငá€ș á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
89:39
‘When did you get home last night?’
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'မနေ့ညက ဘယá€șတုနá€șှက အိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șတာလá€Č'
89:41
‘I got home at 10 p.m.’
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'ည ၁၀ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿ အိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șတယá€ș'
89:45
‘Where did they eat lunch?’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€Źá€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
89:47
‘They ate lunch at home.’
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'အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေ့လယá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။'
89:49
Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'စာှ' သညá€ș 'စာှ' ၏ ။
89:53
Answer in the past simple tense.
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အတိတá€șကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șသဖဌေပါ။
89:55
And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ကုမá€čပဏြက သူ့ကို á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€„á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
89:59
‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’
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'သူက အလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကုမá€čပဏြက သူ့ကို á€„á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
90:04
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
90:05
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
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ကပထမစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
90:08
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို လေ့ကျင့á€șပါ။
90:13
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'was' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'were' ကို သတိရပါ။
90:18
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
90:21
‘He __ at work earlier.’
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'သူက __ အလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စေဏနေတဏ။'
90:24
The subject here is ‘we’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။
90:26
So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?
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ဒါဆို ငါတို့ ' was ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'were ' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
90:29
The correct answer is ‘was’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့' ပါ။
90:32
‘He was at work earlier.’
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'သူက အလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စေဏစေဏရေဏကá€șတယá€ș။'
90:35
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
90:37
‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’
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'မနေ့က ငါတို့ _____ အရမá€șသပျေဏá€șတယá€ș။'
90:41
If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ' ဆိုရငá€ș be verb က 'were' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
90:47
‘We were very happy yesterday.’
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'မနေ့က အရမá€șသပျေဏá€șတယá€ș။'
90:51
Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခု၊ 'ငါ့မိဘတလေ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș သူတို့ __ ငါ့ကို စိတá€șá€•á€°á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
90:57
If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’.
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'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș 'were' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သတိရပါ။
91:02
‘My parents were worried about me.’
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'မိဘတလေက ငါ့ကို စိတá€șပူတယá€ș။'
91:05
If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာကို သုံသချငá€șရငá€ș 'မိဘတလေက ငါ့ကို စိတá€șမပူဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
91:10
And that's possible.
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ဒါလညá€șှ ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
91:12
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
91:17
‘We wasn't good students.’
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șသသဏသကေဏငá€șသတလေ မဟုတá€șခá€Č့ဘူသ'
91:20
We wasn't good students.
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ငါတို့က ကျေဏငá€șသသဏသကေဏငá€șှမဟုတá€șဘူှ။
91:23
Can you figure out what's wrong?
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á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€Č သိနိုငá€șမလာှ။
91:25
The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€žá‹
91:30
We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
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'မဟုတá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မဟုတá€ș' ဟုဆိုလိုသညá€ș။
91:36
‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€± ကေဏငá€șသကေဏငá€șှ မဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
91:42
The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'သူမက ဆရာမလာှ။'
91:45
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
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အခု á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှက be verb က á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€œá€Źá€á€Źá€•á€«á‹
91:50
That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’.
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မဟနá€șပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူမ' ပါ။
91:54
Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș' ဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
91:58
‘Was she a teacher?’
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'သူမက ဆရာမလာှ။'
92:00
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့
92:02
‘They wasn't at school.’
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'သူတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှမတကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
92:05
The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is
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ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူတို့' ဆိုတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€
92:13
‘They weren't at school.’
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'သူတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှမတကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
92:15
You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were not’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'weren't' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'were not' ကို သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
92:19
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
92:22
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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ကá€Č၊ past simple tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€ș verb á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż လေ့ကျင့á€șကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
92:27
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
92:30
‘He ____ at home.’
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'သူ ____ အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá‹'
92:32
The verb is ‘study’.
1502
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
92:34
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
1503
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż past tense á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသသေဏဥခါ
92:37
the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the
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၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'd' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ed' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€șကို
92:42
verb.
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92:42
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’.
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သတိရပါ။
သို့သေဏá€ș 'y' ဖဌင့á€șဥဆုံသသတá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€…á€Šá€șသမျဉá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
92:47
Such as, ‘study’.
1507
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'စဏကျကá€ș' á€Ąá€…á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Č့၊
92:49
We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’.
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'y' ကို လလဟတá€șá€á€»á€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'ied' ကို ထည့á€șပါ။
92:52
So the correct answer is,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
92:55
‘He studied at home.’
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'သူအိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စဏကျကá€șတယá€ș။'
93:00
The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါတို့ __ ခá€Čတံ' တá€Č့။
93:04
We want to use negative because it says ‘not use’.
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'á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șကို သုံသချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
93:08
Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သတိရပါ၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șပါစေ 'မလုပá€ș' ကို á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čသုံသသညá€ș။
93:18
You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မလုပá€ș' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
93:21
Now, what do we do to the verb?
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șမညá€șနညá€șှ။
93:23
We keep it as ‘is’.
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ငါတို့က အá€Čဒါကို 'ဖဌစá€ș' သလို သိမá€șှထာှတယá€ș။
93:25
We do not change it.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့က á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှဘူှ။
93:28
‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils.
1518
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ' ခá€Čá€á€¶á€á€œá€±á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€šá€ș။
93:32
The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ့သူငယá€șချငá€șှ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အာှကစာှခနá€șှမကို လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
93:39
What's the past tense of ‘walk’?
1520
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'လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șကာလသညá€ș အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
93:42
We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb.
1521
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ed' ကို ရိုသရိုသထည့á€șရပါမညá€ș။
93:50
‘His friends walked to the gym.’
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'သူ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေက အာှကစာှခနá€șှမကို á€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။'
93:53
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
93:59
‘She didn't likes math.’
1524
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'သူမက သငá€șá€čချဏကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ။'
94:02
‘didn't’ is correct.
1525
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'မလုပá€ș' တာ မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
94:04
However, remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș 'is' á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€‘á€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€șကို သတိရပါ။
94:10
So we don't say ‘likes’.
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2240
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€žá‹
94:12
We say ‘like’.
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ငါတို့က 'á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
94:14
‘She didn't like math.’
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'သူမ သငá€șá€čချဏကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ'
94:16
The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဒြမနကá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
94:20
Now this is a question.
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အခုက မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုပါ။
94:22
In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’.
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မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż 'Did' ဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șရနá€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șပါသညá€ș။
94:27
‘Did it rained?’
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'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
94:29
Do you notice the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
94:31
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
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မေသခလနá€șသတလငá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
94:36
We use the base form of the verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
94:39
‘Did it rain this morning?’
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'ဒြမနကá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
94:42
And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူတို့က စနá€čဒယာှမတြှဘူှ' တá€Č့။
94:46
The verb is an action verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
94:48
So we need a ‘did’ in front of ‘not’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' ရá€Čá€·á€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șတယá€ș။
94:53
‘They did not play the piano.’
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'သူတို့က စနá€čဒယာှမတြှဘူှ။'
94:57
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
94:59
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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ဥခုတေဏ့၊ အရငá€șတုနá€șှက ရိုှစငá€șှတá€Č့ tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မမဟနá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€™á€šá€ș။
95:04
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
95:06
‘He __ to school.’
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'သူ __ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
95:08
And the verb is ‘run’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ပဌေသ'။
95:11
‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’.
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'run' သညá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șမဟုတá€șသေဏ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș past tense form á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ran' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
95:18
‘He ran to school.’
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'သူ ကျေဏငá€șှကို ပဌေသတယá€ș။'
95:21
The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါတို့ __ ပနá€șသတလေ' တá€Č့။
95:24
We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€‘á€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șကို သုံသချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
95:29
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș မညá€șသည့á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကိုမဆို
95:33
we say ‘did not’
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'မလုပá€ș'
95:38
or ‘didn't’.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' ဟု ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ သတိရပါ။
95:40
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ၎ငá€șá€žáá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș á€‘á€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á‹
95:47
‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’
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'ငါတို့ မပေါကá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါတို့ ပနá€șသတလေ မပေါကá€șဘူှ'
95:52
The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မနဟစá€șက သငá€șဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź __ သငá€șပေသလá€Č' တá€Č့။
95:57
This is a question.
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ဒါက မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုပါ။
95:59
Again, all we need to put is ‘did’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș ။
96:04
‘Where did you teach last year?’
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'မနဟစá€șက ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€„á€șá€•á€±á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
96:06
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
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á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€™á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹
96:09
We always go with ‘did’.
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ငါတို့က 'လုပá€șတယá€ș' နá€Č့ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș။
96:12
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș နေဏကá€șဝါကျတလငá€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
96:15
‘He didn't sold newspapers.’
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'သူက သတငá€șှစာ မရေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
96:19
Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' သညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဘာသာရပá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șမဆို မဟနá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
96:25
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ၎ငá€șá€žáá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș á€‘á€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€›á€”á€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
96:30
So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူက သတငá€șသစဏမရေဏငá€șှဘူှ' တá€Č့။
96:35
The next sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူမ သဟချငá€șှဆိုခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
96:40
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€œá€Źá€žá€á€°á€•á€Œá€żá€”á€Źá€á€…á€șခု ရဟိနေသညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
96:43
‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’.
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'sang' သညá€ș 'sing' ၏ á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șမဟုတá€șသေဏ အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
96:47
But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’,
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· 'did' နá€Č့စရငá€ș
96:51
we use the base form.
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á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
96:53
‘Did she sing a song?’
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'သူမ သဟချငá€șှဆိုဖူှလာှ။'
96:57
And finally, ‘We taked it home.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့၊
97:01
Does that sound right?
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á€Ąá€žá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șသလာှ။
97:03
‘taked’ is not correct.
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'ယူ' မမဟနá€șပါ။
97:06
The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’.
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'ယူ' ၏ အတိတá€șကာလသညá€ș 'ယူ' သညá€ș။
97:11
‘We took it home.’
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'ငါတို့ အá€Čဒါကို အိမá€șကို á€šá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
97:13
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
97:15
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
97:16
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
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အိုှ၊ á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€ž သငá€șယူခá€Č့ရတယá€ș။
97:19
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
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á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ အတိတá€șကာလကို ဆကá€șလကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပဌနá€șလညá€șသုံသသပá€șပါ။
97:23
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
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အတိတá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· ကူညဟပေသမယ့á€ș မရဟိမဖဌစá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șခုပါပá€Č။
97:27
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
97:31
Bye. 
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အá€Č့ဒဟတေဏ့
97:40
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
97:41
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
97:43
In this video.
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ဒြဗြဒြယိုထá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Źá‹
97:44
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
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အတိတá€șရá€Č့ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသမယá€ș။
97:47
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
97:53
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
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၎ငá€șှကို ယခငá€șက တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
97:59
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
98:05
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
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Past Continuous Tense ရá€Č့ á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
98:10
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
98:16
Let's take a look at these examples.
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á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
98:18
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
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'ညနေက ပနá€șသခဌံထá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șနေတယá€ș။'
98:22
So first we start with the subject, ‘I’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Šá€žá€…á€œá€Ź 'ငါ' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Č့ စပါမယá€ș။
98:26
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’.
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ငါ ၊ သူ ၊ သူ ၊ အá€Čဒါ ၊ ငါတို့ က 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ ' နá€Č့ လိုကá€ș တယá€ș ။
98:31
‘I was’
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'I was'
98:33
And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ING' ကို ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
98:37
‘I was walking’
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'ငါ လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șနေတယá€ș'
98:40
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
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ကá€Č á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șပါ။
98:42
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
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'ညနေက ပနá€șသခဌံထá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șနေတယá€ș။'
98:46
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€ž အတိတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို သငá€șမဌငá€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
98:53
Let's look at the next example.
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
98:55
‘She was living here last year.’
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'သူမ မနဟစá€șတုနá€șှက á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေခá€Č့တယá€ș။'
98:59
Here, the subject is ‘she’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူမ' ပါ။
99:01
So again we use ‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' was ' နá€Č့ ' verb-ing ' ကို ထပá€șသုံသပါတယá€ș။
99:05
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș အတိတá€șကဖဌစá€șခá€Čá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသသည့á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
99:12
‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’
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'ခလေသ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Čဒါ' 'လလနá€șခá€Č့သည့á€șငါသမိနစá€șက ညစဏစဏသနေခá€Č့သညá€ș။'
99:18
The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ခလေသ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź နာမá€șစာှ 'it' ဖဌင့á€ș အစာှထိုှနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
99:24
And so we follow with ‘was’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' was ' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနေပါတယá€ș။
99:27
And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'အနá€șဒြနá€Č့ ဂျငá€șမá€ș' က ဒါကို 'သူတို့' နá€Č့ á€Ąá€…á€Źá€žá€‘á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€á€šá€ș။
99:33
For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
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'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'were' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
99:38
‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'Andy နá€Č့ Jim က ည 9:00 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șဆငá€șှတယá€ș'
99:45
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
99:46
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
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အတိတá€ș၏ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ
99:50
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
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á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုက á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șဖဌစá€șစေသေဏ အတိတá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
99:55
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’.
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á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șဖဌစá€șစေသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို 'ဥခါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș အတိတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
100:01
Let's take a look at this example.
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ဒဟငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
100:04
‘I was playing cards when you called.’
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'မငá€șသခေါá€șတုနá€șှက ငါဖá€Čရိုကá€șတယá€ș။'
100:07
Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€ș 'was' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'were' ဖဌင့á€șá€…á€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ
100:11
and then ‘verb-ing’,
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing' ဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș၊
100:14
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€Šá€·á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș၊
100:18
‘I was playing cards’
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'I was playing cards'
100:20
The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’.
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á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ကဝါကျတလငá€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șပေသသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မငá€șá€žá€Ÿá€Żá€á€±á€«á€șသညá€ș' '။
100:25
You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’
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စိတá€șá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șဖဌစá€șစေသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€›á€”á€ș 'ဥချိနá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသထဏသသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
100:30
And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’.
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၎ငá€șှကို ယခငá€șက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€Ÿá€Żá€á€±á€«á€șသညá€ș' ဟု သုံသခá€Č့သညá€ș။
100:35
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
100:37
‘The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’
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အá€Čရစá€șအိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șတá€Č့ဥခါ 'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Čဒါ' စဏသနေတဏ။
100:42
Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’.
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'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șက စဏသနေတယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ထပá€șá€™á€¶á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șနေပါတယá€ș။
100:48
And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'အá€Čရစá€ș အိမá€șပဌနá€șလာတယá€ș'၊ အတိတá€șက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż မငá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
100:52
This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’.
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș 'ဥခါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șပေသသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
100:58
‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’
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'အနá€șနြ ရေဏကá€șတုနá€șှက ငါတို့ အိပá€șပျေဏá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
101:01
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေပါသညá€ș။
101:05
The subject here is ‘we’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။
101:07
And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'were' နá€Č့ 'verb-ing' á€†á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž သုံသပါတယá€ș။
101:12
‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.
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'အနá€șသရေဏကá€șá€œá€Źá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«' သညá€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șပေသသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
101:16
And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'Alicia နá€Č့ I' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'Mark á€€á€­á€Żá€á€œá€±á€·á€á€Żá€”á€șှက á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€™á€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
101:24
‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia
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'Mark ကို á€á€œá€±á€·á€á€Żá€”á€șှက' ဟာ 'Alicia
101:30
and I were walking’.
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and I'd Walking' ကို á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șဖဌစá€șစေတá€Č့ á€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șယဟကá€șတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șပါ။
101:32
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
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'မငá€șှဖုနá€șှဆကá€șတုနá€șှက ငါဖá€Čရိုကá€șနေတယá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Čရစá€șအိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șတá€Č့ဥခါ á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șက စဏသနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဝိုငá€șှရá€Č့
101:38
say,
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101:38
‘When you called, I was playing cards,’
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ဝါကျ
ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလညá€șှ မဟတá€șသဏသထဏသဖို့ á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș
101:41
or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’
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။
101:46
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
101:48
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
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အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șတလငá€ș တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș
101:53
happening at the same time in the past.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș
101:56
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’.
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။ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ခဏ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
102:02
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
102:05
The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Żá€”á€șှ သူက
102:10
me.’
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ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șကို စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
102:11
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș ဆကá€șတိုကá€șဖဌစá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
102:16
‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’.
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' နá€Č့ 'သူမက á€„á€«á€·á€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șနေတယá€ș'။
102:20
The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
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á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ခဏ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șရပá€șမျဏသသညá€ș တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသနေသညá€ș။
102:27
‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’
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'မငá€șှစာဖတá€șနေတုနá€șှ á€Šá€…á€Źá€•á€Œá€„á€șနေတယá€ș'
102:31
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șကာလ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
102:37
The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.
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'ခဏ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
102:42
‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving
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'သူ့ခငá€șပလနá€șှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူ' က ကဏသမေဏငá€șသနေရငá€șှ
102:46
she was taking pictures.’
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ဓာတá€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€á€œá€±á€›á€­á€Żá€€á€șနေတယá€ș။
102:49
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€…á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€ș အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șသမဏနေပါသညá€ș။
102:53
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့
102:54
‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’
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'ငါတို့ ထမငá€șသစဏသနေတုနá€șှ သဟချငá€șှက တဟသနေတယá€ș။'
102:58
Both actions were happening at the same time.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șှ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေပါသညá€ș။
103:02
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning,
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á€šá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€”á€™á€°á€”á€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'while' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș လာသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș၊
103:09
however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ သငá€șသညá€ș 'while' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€™á€»á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€»á€­á€Żá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€›á€”á€ș á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș
103:14
ways.
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။
103:15
For example, instead of saying this,
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș၊
103:18
‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Żá€”á€șှ သူက ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șကို ကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș'
103:21
I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€·á€șအစာှ ။ á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€šá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ခဏ' á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€á€šá€ș။
103:24
‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’
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'á€žá€°á€„á€«á€·á€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șနေတုနá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
103:28
I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ခဏ' ကို ထာှနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
103:32
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€žá€°á€„á€«á€·á€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șနေတုနá€șှ၊ á€„á€«á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
103:35
‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’
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အနြှနာှက á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
103:39
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’ if you put it in the
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€›á€„á€ș ဘယá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șက 'အခိုကá€șဥတန့á€ș' နá€Č့ဥရငá€șလာမလá€Čဆိုတာ á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€™á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€ž
103:44
beginning.
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။
103:46
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
103:47
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
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အခု အတိတá€șရá€Č့ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
103:52
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
103:54
‘She was not reading last night.’
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'မနေ့ညက စာမဖတá€șဘူှ'
103:57
The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသပါတယá€ș။
104:01
However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing' á€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ကို ထည့á€șတယá€ș။
104:06
‘She was not reading last night.’
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'မနေ့ညက စာမဖတá€șဘူှ'
104:09
I can use a contraction and say,
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
104:12
‘She wasn't reading last night.’
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'မနေ့ညက သူမစာမဖတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
104:15
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
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'ငါတို့ ဒြမနကá€ș သဟချငá€șသနဏသမထေဏငá€șဘူှ'
104:19
In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'were' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
104:24
Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'not' သညá€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing' ၏ ရဟေ့တလငá€ș á€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€”á€șသညá€ș။
104:28
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
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'ငါတို့ ဒြမနကá€ș သဟချငá€șသနဏသမထေဏငá€șဘူှ'
104:31
Again I can use a contraction and say,
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'ငါတို့ ဒြမနကá€ș သဟချငá€șသနဏသမထေဏငá€șဘူှ'
104:34
‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș ။
104:37
And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șယေဏကá€șကတေဏ့ 'သူ့ဥဖေဥိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șတေဏ့ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
104:42
home.’
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊
104:43
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
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'သူ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ' သညá€ș
104:47
‘He wasn't watching TV’.
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သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș ။
104:50
You'll notice the word ‘when’.
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'ဥခါ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
104:52
Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,
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'ဥခါ' + 'အတိတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' သညá€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șဖဌစá€șစေသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ပဌသသညá€șကို သတိရပါ၊
104:59
so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူ့ဥဖေ အိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șသေဏဥခါ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ'။
105:03
He was doing something else.
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သူ á€á€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုခုလုပá€șနေတယá€ș။
105:06
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့
105:07
‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’
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'ဂိမá€șသကစဏသနေတုနá€șှ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șကဌဘူသ'။
105:10
The word ‘while’ is in this sentence.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ခဏ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž ပါပါတယá€ș။
105:13
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
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တစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတá€Č့ အတိတá€șက လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș 2 ခုကို á€•á€Œá€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€Ź
105:20
so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’.
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မို့ 'ဂိမá€șသကစဏသနေချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șကဌဘူသ'။
105:24
They were doing something else.
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သူတို့က á€á€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုခုလုပá€șနေတယá€ș။
105:26
Let's move on now.
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အခုပá€Č ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
105:28
Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
1706
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အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
105:33
Take a look at the first statement.
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ပထမဆုံသထုတá€șပဌနá€șချကá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
105:35
It says,
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'ဒြမနကá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
105:36
‘It was raining this morning.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș ။
105:39
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čနိုငá€șဖို့က တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș၊
105:43
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့ပါပá€Č။
105:47
Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question.
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'အá€Čဒါ' အစာှ á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှထုတá€șဖို့ 'ဟုတá€șလာှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș။
105:53
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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ကျနá€șတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€±á€€ တစá€șနေရဏတညá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
105:57
‘Was it raining this morning?’
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'ဒြမနကá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
106:00
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’
1715
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'ဟုတá€șပါတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
106:05
The next statement says,
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နေဏကá€șတချကá€șက
106:07
‘They were living there when the fire happened.’
1717
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'á€™á€źá€žá€œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတုနá€șှက သူတို့နေထိုငá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
106:10
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပဌနá€șတယá€ș။
106:17
Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’.
1719
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șခá€Č့သညá€ș' အစာှ 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șခá€Čá€·á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
106:21
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
1720
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€ș ကျနá€șá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș တစá€șနေရဏတညá€șသတလငá€ș á€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
106:25
‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’
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'á€™á€źá€žá€œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတုနá€șှက သူတို့နေထိုငá€șခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·
106:28
And you can answer by saying,
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူတို့က' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ မဟုတá€șဘူှ'
106:30
‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
106:34
Let's continue on.
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။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
106:36
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
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ယခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș အတိတá€ș၏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șရမညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
106:42
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ငပမဏမျဏသသညá€ș ဥချို့သေဏ WH á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€…á€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
106:47
For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’.
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ငပမဏ၊ 'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź'၊ 'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č' နá€Č့ 'Who'။
106:53
Let's take a look at the first question.
1728
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ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
106:55
‘What were they doing last night?”
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'မနေ့ညက á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Żá€•á€șနေလá€Č'
106:58
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
107:02
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ သငá€șလုပá€șတာက WH ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șတá€Č့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
107:07
In this case, ‘were’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိခá€Č့' တယá€ș။
107:09
‘What were they doing last night?’
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'မနေ့ညက ဘာလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
107:12
You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ပေါá€șလာသညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
107:17
‘What were they doing last night?’
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'မနေ့ညက ဘာလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
107:19
I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or
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'သူတို့က ဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့နေတဏ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'စာအုပá€șဖတá€șနေတယá€ș'
107:23
‘They were reading a book’.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
107:26
The next question says,
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကတေဏ့
107:28
‘Where was he working last week?’
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့တá€Č့ဥပတá€șက သူဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
107:30
In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'he' ဆိုတေဏ့ be verb က 'was' ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။
107:37
‘Where was he working last week?’
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့တá€Č့ဥပတá€șက သူဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șတာလá€Č။'
107:40
I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’
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'သူက Canada á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
107:44
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
1743
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'စာအုပá€șâ€‹á€•á€Œá€źá€žâ€‹á€á€±á€Źá€· á€žá€°á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€„á€­á€Żâ€‹á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
107:48
In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူမ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș' ရá€Č့နေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ရေသထဏသပါတယá€ș။
107:55
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
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'စာအုပá€șâ€‹á€•á€Œá€źá€žâ€‹á€á€±á€Źá€· á€žá€°á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€„á€­á€Żâ€‹á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
107:58
I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’
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'ဥဆုံသသတá€șက ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· ငိုခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
108:04
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့
108:05
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
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'á€Ąá€™á€±á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șနေတá€Č့ ကလေသတလေက ဘယá€șသူတလေလá€Č'
108:10
In this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș 'á€€á€œá€±á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€ž' သညá€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသေဏ
108:14
so we follow 'who' with ‘were’.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'မညá€șသူ' နဟင့á€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့သညá€ș' ကို လိုကá€șနာသညá€ș။
108:17
‘Who were they’ or
1751
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'သူတို့က ဘယá€șသူတလေလá€Č' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
108:19
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
1752
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'သူတို့ဥမေ အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șနေတá€Č့ ကလေသတလေက ဘယá€șသူတလေလá€Č'
108:24
To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or
1753
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á€–á€Œá€±á€–á€­á€Żá€·á€€ 'ကလေသတလေ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
108:27
‘They were staying with their dad.’
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'သူတို့ဥဖေနá€Č့ ဥတူနေခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
108:30
Let's move on.
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။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
108:32
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
1756
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ကဥပိုငá€șသတလငá€ș၊ အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș စစá€șဆေသကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
108:37
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
108:40
‘Last night they were blank at school.’
1758
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'မနေ့ညက ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€—á€œá€Źá€€á€»á€„á€șှတယá€ș။'
108:43
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’.
1759
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာ 'နေဖို့' နá€Č့ ကလကá€șလပá€șကို ဖဌည့á€șဖို့ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
108:49
‘not stay’
1760
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'မနေနá€Č့'
108:50
What do you think it is?
1761
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က ဘယá€șလိုထငá€șလá€Č။
108:52
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
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အတိတá€șရá€Č့ á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șလကá€čခဏာကို ဆကá€șတိုကá€ș
108:56
all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.
1763
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လုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ 'မ' နá€Č့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ကို ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
109:03
‘They were not staying at school last.’
1764
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'သူတို့က နေဏကá€șဆုံသကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မနေခá€Č့ကဌဘူသ။'
109:12
‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’
1765
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'မနေ့ညက ကျေဏငá€șှမတကá€șဘူှ'
109:16
The next sentence says,
1766
6556560
1200
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
109:18
‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’
1767
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3200
'လလနá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့နဟစá€șရကá€șက မငá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€”á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
109:22
Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’.
1768
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș 'play' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို စမá€șသကဌည့á€șပါ။
109:26
‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’
1769
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4000
'လလနá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ နဟစá€șရကá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șက á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž.'
109:31
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb.
1770
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ပထမဆုံသ လလá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
109:36
If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
1771
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șပါက မညá€șသည့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ထည့á€șသလငá€șှရမညá€șကို သငá€șစဉá€șှစာှနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
109:42
The correct answer is ‘were’.
1772
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'were' ပါ။
109:45
And then, we say ‘not’.
1773
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ငါတို့က 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
109:48
What happens after that?
1774
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șမလá€Č။
109:50
Remember, ‘verb-ing’.
1775
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'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ကို သတိရပါ။
109:54
So ‘you were not playing’
1776
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3440
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'မငá€șှမကစာှဘူှ'
109:58
‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’
1777
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3040
'လလနá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့နဟစá€șရကá€șက မငá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
110:02
You can also use a contraction and say,
1778
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'မငá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
110:04
‘You weren't playing soccer.’
1779
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș ။
110:07
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
1780
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
110:10
‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’
1781
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'မနေ့က အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာဖတá€șနေတယá€ș'
110:14
hmmm
1782
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1000
hmmm
110:15
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’.
1783
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€›á€Č့ subject က 'she' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'were' မဟုတá€șဘူှ။
110:22
It's 'was'.
1784
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1600
အá€Čဒါ 'ဖဌစá€ș' တယá€ș။
110:25
‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’
1785
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2880
'မနေ့က အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာဖတá€șနေတယá€ș'
110:29
In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’
1786
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș၊ သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေနá€Č့ á€á€œá€±á€·á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ရေသထဏသပါတယá€ș။
110:35
hmmm
1787
6635560
1000
ဟမá€ș
110:36
‘They’ and ‘were’
1788
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1600
'သူတို့' နá€Č့ 'ရဟိခá€Č့'
110:38
That's correct.
1789
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1280
ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
110:39
And we have the ‘verb-ing’
1790
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ရဟိတယá€ș
110:42
So what's the mistake?
1791
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ဒါဆို á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€œá€Č။
110:44
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
1792
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အတိတá€șကို စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șသတိရခဌငá€șှသညá€ș အတိတá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
110:48
‘Tomorrow’ is not the past.
1793
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' သညá€ș အတိတá€șမဟုတá€șပါ။
110:51
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
1794
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4560
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အá€Čဒြအစာှ အတိတá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ထည့á€șဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
110:55
For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’.
1795
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ငပမဏ 'မနေ့က' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
111:01
‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’
1796
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'မနေ့က သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေနá€Č့ တလေ့တယá€ș။'
111:04
Let's move on.
1797
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
111:05
Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage
1798
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ယခု၊ အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလ၏
111:09
of the past continuous tense.
1799
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'ဥခါ' á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż စစá€șဆေသကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
111:11
Take a look at the first example.
1800
6671680
1840
။ ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
111:14
It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’
1801
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5920
'အနá€șဒရြယာ နá€Č့ ဂျလနá€ș' က သူတို့ ဘဏá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထိခိုကá€șမိရငá€ș á€—á€œá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€ș တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
111:20
Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action.
1802
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3600
á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€šá€Ÿá€€á€șပေသသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ပဌသသည့á€șဥခါ 'ဥခါ' ကို သတိရပါ။
111:24
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
1803
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၎ငá€șှကို past simple tense ဖဌင့á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
111:27
So let's first look at the second blank.
1804
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€Ąá€€á€œá€€á€șကို အရငá€șကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
111:30
‘When they blank hurt’
1805
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'When they blank အနာတရ'
111:32
What's the past tense of the verb ‘get’?
1806
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2320
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șကာလ 'get' ကဘာလá€Č။
111:35
The answer is ‘got’.
1807
6695760
2160
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'á€›á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
111:39
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
1808
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4720
အခု အတိတá€șက လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
111:44
‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’
1809
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'Andrea နဟင့á€ș John' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့'
111:47
Well what comes after ‘they’?
1810
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1600
အငá€șှ 'သူတို့' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șလာသနညá€șှ။
111:50
‘were’.
1811
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'နေခá€Č့တယá€ș'
111:51
‘Andrea and John were’
1812
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'Andrea နဟင့á€ș John were'
111:54
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
1813
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș -ing ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
111:59
‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.
1814
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'သူတို့ နဟငá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€…á€źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အနá€șဒရြယာနá€Č့ ဂျလနá€șတို့ ထိခိုကá€șဒဏá€șရာရတá€Č့ဥခါ နဟငá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€…á€źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș'။
112:06
The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’.
1815
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'It blank not raining when the game blank'.
112:12
And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank.
1816
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€Ąá€€á€œá€€á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'start' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
112:17
Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?
1817
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'ဂိမá€șသလလတá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«' á€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ 'စတငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șကာလကဘာလá€Č။
112:23
‘started’
1818
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640
'စတငá€șသညá€ș'
112:25
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
1819
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ကá€Č ဝါကျရá€Č့ ပထမပိုငá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
112:29
The subject is ‘it’.
1820
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'ဒါ' ပါ။
112:31
So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'?
1821
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ဒါဆို 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹
112:36
‘was’
1822
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500
'
112:37
‘It was not raining when the game started.’
1823
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ပလá€Čစတုနá€șှက á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€›á€œá€Źá€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့
112:41
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
1824
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။ အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
112:46
‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.
1825
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'မနေ့က á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာမသငá€șဘူှ'
112:51
The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct.
1826
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'was' က မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
112:57
Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’.
1827
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș' 'á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
113:03
Now the problem is with the verb.
1828
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အခု á€•á€Œá€żá€”á€Źá€€ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Č့။
113:06
Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb.
1829
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '–ing' ကို ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
113:11
‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’
1830
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'မနေ့က á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာမသငá€șဘူှ။'
113:15
And finally, ‘We did meet our friends last weekend.’
1831
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့တá€Č့ဥပတá€șက ငါတို့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေနá€Č့ တလေ့ခá€Č့တယá€ș'
113:21
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
1832
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ဒါမဟနá€șပေမယ့á€ș ငါတို့က အတိတá€șကို အဆကá€șမပဌတá€șလုပá€șနေတဏ သတိရပါ။
113:26
Take a look again.
1833
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ထပá€șကဌည့á€șပါညသ။
113:28
The subject is ‘we’.
1834
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါတို့' တá€Č့။
113:30
We need a ‘be’ verb.
1835
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
113:32
‘were’
1836
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500
'á€”á€±á€œá€Źá€ž'
113:35
Then what happens?
1837
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ဒါဆို á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
113:36
Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
1838
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș၊
113:42
so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’
1839
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'did' ကိုထုတá€șကာ 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ အပတá€șက သူငယá€șချငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€á€œá€±á€·á€†á€Żá€¶á€á€Č့သညá€ș' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€Šá€șကို သတိရပါ။
113:48
Let's move on.
1840
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
113:49
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense.
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ယခု ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလ၏ 'while' á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
113:55
Take a look at the first example.
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ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
113:57
‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’
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'တစá€șယေဏကá€șယေဏကá€șက ငါ့စကá€șဘြှကို လလတá€șပေသနေတုနá€șှ။'
114:01
When we use ‘while’ in the past continuous tense,
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'while' ကို past continuous tense ကိုသုံသသေဏဥခါ၊
114:05
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șခုသညá€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€șတစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș
114:10
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
1846
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ၎ငá€șသတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€șတစá€șချိနá€șတညá€șသဖဌစá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌသနေပါသညá€ș။
114:13
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
1847
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အတိတá€șကို စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șသုံသဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
114:19
‘While I blank’
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'I blank' ကို
114:21
I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank.
1849
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á€•á€‘á€™á€Ąá€€á€œá€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဆိုငá€ș' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
114:25
Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’.
1850
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'I' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'was' ကို သုံသဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
114:32
Then ‘verb-ing’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź'။
114:38
‘While I was shopping’
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'ငါ ဈေသဝယá€șနေတုနá€șှ'
114:41
Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’.
1853
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အခု 'တစá€șစုံတစá€șယေဏကá€ș' က 'သူ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
114:44
Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’
1854
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' was ' နဟင့á€ș 'ခိုှယူ ' ၏ 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ကို
114:49
and then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’.
1855
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ထပá€șá€™á€¶á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€ș လိုအပá€șပါသညá€ș ။
114:54
‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဈေသဝယá€șနေတုနá€șှ တစá€șစုံတစá€șယေဏကá€șက ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șစကá€șဘြှကို á€á€­á€Żá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș၊
114:58
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
115:00
‘While he blank’
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'While he blank' á€†á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
115:02
I want you to use the verb ‘cook’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'cook' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
115:06
The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ ' was cooking' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသရမယá€ș။
115:13
‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’
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'သူဟငá€șသချကá€șနေတုနá€șှ သူ့ကေဏငá€șမလေသက သန့á€șရဟငá€șá€žá€›á€±á€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șနေတယá€ș'
115:23
Did you get that?
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အá€Čဒါကို သငá€șá€›á€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
115:25
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
115:26
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
115:32
‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șပေါá€șကဆငá€șှတုနá€șှ Jane က á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
115:37
The first part of the sentence is correct.
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ဝါကျရá€Č့ ပထမအပိုငá€șှက မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
115:40
‘Jane was looking’
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'Jane was looking'
115:43
Now the second part of the sentence.
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€á€«á€€á€»á€›á€Č့ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șှ။
115:46
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
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á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș အတိတá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș မဟုတá€șပါ။
115:49
‘While we get off the plane’
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'ငါတို့ á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șပေါá€șကဆငá€șှတုနá€șှ'
115:52
So what we need to do is say, ‘were getting’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ 'á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€ź'တá€Č့။
115:59
‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șပေါá€șကဆငá€șှတုနá€șှ Jane က á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
116:04
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'I was watching while my wife sleep' ဆိုတá€Č့
116:11
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
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ဝါကျရá€Č့ တစá€șစိတá€șတစá€șပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ past continuous tense ကို á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹
116:17
My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’.
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ငါ့မိနá€șှမက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'အိပá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
116:26
‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’
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'ကျလနá€șမ ဇနြှ အိပá€șပျေဏá€șနေစဉá€ș á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șနေတယá€ș'
116:30
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
116:31
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
116:33
Good job, everybody in learning the past  
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှအတိတá€șကာလကို
116:36
continuous tense.
1880
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စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș
116:37
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
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á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€« ။ ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș အနညá€șှငယá€șခကá€șခá€Čá€•á€Œá€źá€ž အနညá€șှငယá€șဆနá€șသကျယá€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
116:42
Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.
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á€Ąá€‘á€°á€žá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'ဥချိနá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'ခဏ' á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ပတá€șသကá€șá€œá€Źá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«á‹
116:46
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
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တကယá€șကျလမá€șသကျငá€șဖို့ á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șနညá€șှနညá€șသယူရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș မငá€șှလုပá€șနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ ငါသိတယá€ș။
116:50
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. 
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
117:02
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
117:03
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
117:04
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
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ဒြ video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź past perfect tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
117:08
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șကာလတစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
117:15
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș အနညá€șှငယá€ș á€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€‘á€œá€±á€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș၊ သို့သေဏá€ș စိတá€șမပူပါနဟင့á€ș၊ ငါက မငá€șှကို လမá€șသညလဟနá€șပေသမယá€ș။
117:19
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź အရမá€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șခုပါ။
117:23
So keep watching.
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ဒါဆို ဆကá€șကဌည့á€șပါညသ။
117:27
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
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past perfect tense ရá€Č့ á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
117:32
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șတလငá€șဖဌစá€șá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုမတိုငá€șမြ
117:35
that happened before another action in the past.
1894
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ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
117:39
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
117:41
‘I have visited China before I moved there.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș အá€Čဒြကို á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှခငá€ș တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș။
117:45
No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,
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သငá€ș 'ရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș လိုကá€șá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șသည့á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șကို မညá€șသို့ပငá€ș ဆိုစေ
117:48
So that's easy.
1898
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ကာမူ လလယá€șကူပါသညá€ș။
117:50
‘I had’ ‘Steve had’
1899
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'ငါရဟိခá€Č့တယá€ș' 'စတိဗá€șရဟိခá€Č့တယá€ș'
117:52
‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șရဟိခá€Č့တယá€ș' 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Č့တယá€ș' ။
117:55
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș participle ဖဌင့á€ș လိုကá€șကဌည့á€șသညá€ș။
117:59
In this case, it's ‘visited’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș 'နတá€șပဌညá€ș' ဖဌစá€ș၏။
118:02
‘I had visited China.’
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1600
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို အလညá€șလာခá€Č့တယá€ș။'
118:04
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
1904
7084640
4400
ယခု á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș past simple tense ဖဌစá€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
118:09
‘I moved there.’
1905
7089040
1120
'ငါ အá€Čဒြကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။'
118:10
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
1906
7090720
2880
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အá€Čဒါကို နေဏကá€șမဟ နညá€șှနညá€șှ ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș။
118:14
‘Steve had bought the book.’
1907
7094720
1440
'စတိဗá€ș စာအုပá€șကို ဝယá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș။'
118:16
Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.
1908
7096720
4400
တစá€șဖနá€ș 'ဘာသာရပá€ș'၊ 'ရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș 'အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż'။
118:21
In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.
1909
7101120
1760
ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'ဝယá€șသညá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
118:23
‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
1910
7103760
3520
'စတိဗá€ș စာအုပá€șကို မဖတá€șခငá€șကတညá€șှက ဝယá€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
118:28
Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.
1911
7108000
3840
တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ဖတá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
118:32
And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
1912
7112880
4800
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါလေဆိပá€șရေဏကá€șတာနá€Č့ á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șက ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
118:38
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
1913
7118320
4880
တဖနá€ș ကဝါကျ၏ ပထမအပိုငá€șှသညá€ș past perfect tense ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
118:43
‘The plane had left’.
1914
7123200
1520
'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
118:45
This is the past participle of ‘leave’.
1915
7125280
2800
ကသညá€șကာှ 'ထလကá€șခလါခဌငá€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șအပိုငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
118:48
The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’
1916
7128800
3040
á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ငါလေဆိပá€șရေဏကá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
118:52
‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.
1917
7132400
2320
'get' သညá€ș 'get' ၏ အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
118:55
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.
1918
7135600
6720
ယခု á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș တူညဟသေဏဥချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မြ' ကို မဌငá€șရပါမညá€ș။
119:02
‘before’ or ‘by the time’.
1919
7142320
1840
'မြ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဥချိနá€șကာလ'။
119:04
They all mean the same thing.
1920
7144720
1440
á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž အဓိပá€čပါယá€șတူပါတယá€ș။
119:07
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
1921
7147360
4160
past perfect tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ အရငá€șဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
119:12
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
1922
7152320
4000
past simple tense က နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ဖဌစá€șတတá€șပါတယá€ș။
119:16
So again, for the first example.
1923
7156320
2640
ဒဟတေဏ့ ပထမ ငပမဏဥနေနá€Č့ ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€›á€…á€±á‹
119:18
‘before I move there’ That happened later.
1924
7158960
3520
'ငါဥá€Čá€’á€źá€€á€­á€Żá€™á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€á€„á€ș' အá€Čဒါက နေဏကá€șမဟဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
119:23
Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’
1925
7163200
3120
အá€Čဒြမတိုငá€șခငá€șက 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șá€–á€°á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹'
119:26
Do you understand how that works?
1926
7166960
1520
အá€Čဒါ ဘယá€șလိုအလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ မငá€șှနာှလညá€șလာှ။
119:29
Let's take a look at the last example.
1927
7169200
2080
နေဏကá€șဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
119:32
‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
1928
7172000
3440
'သူတို့ရေဏကá€șá€œá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· ငါတို့က ဂိမá€șá€žá€…á€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź'
119:36
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
1929
7176080
3120
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သူတို့နေဏကá€șကျတဏ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șကေဏငá€șသဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
119:39
But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
1930
7179200
4480
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'သူတို့ရေဏကá€șလာတá€Č့ဥခါ'၊ ဒါက á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ အတိတá€șတစá€șခုပါပá€Č။
119:43
So this happened second.
1931
7183680
2480
ဒဟတေဏ့ ဒါက ဒုတိယ ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá‹
119:46
‘We had already started the game.’
1932
7186160
2240
'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ဂိမá€șှကို á€…á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
119:49
This action had already started.
1933
7189280
2960
á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș စတငá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
119:52
It started before this action.
1934
7192240
2480
ဒြလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș မတိုငá€șခငá€șက စတငá€șခá€Č့တဏပါ။
119:55
Let's move on.
1935
7195680
1360
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
119:57
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
1936
7197040
5440
စေဏစေဏက ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Čá€·á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Č past perfect tense ကို အတိတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုမတိုငá€șခငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့
120:02
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
1937
7202480
4000
လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș
120:07
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
1938
7207040
4320
။ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș တူညဟသေဏဥရဏကို လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနိုငá€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Œá€„á€·á€șချိနá€șကိုလညá€șှ á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
120:11
How long that first action happened.
1939
7211360
2320
ပထမဆုံသ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șက ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Č။
120:14
We do this by using four and a duration.
1940
7214240
3200
လေသချကá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șသညá€ș။
120:18
Let's take a look.
1941
7218080
880
ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
120:19
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
1942
7219920
4240
'ကျလနá€șမ ကလနá€șပျူတဏ မပျကá€șခငá€ș နဟစá€șá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ပိုငá€șတယá€ș။'
120:24
This is very similar to the first usage.
1943
7224960
2480
၎ငá€șှသညá€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
120:28
‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
1944
7228320
4160
'ငါ' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șအပိုငá€șှ။
120:33
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
1945
7233360
3760
ကဥပိုငá€șှသညá€ș အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ပဌသသညá€ș။
120:37
The second part, ‘it broke’.
1946
7237840
2000
ဒုတိယပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ 'ပျကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'။
120:40
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
1947
7240480
4080
past simple tense verb သညá€ș ပထမလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șထကá€ș နေဏကá€șကျသေဏ
120:44
that happened later than the first action.
1948
7244560
2480
အတိတá€șက လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ပဌသသညá€ș
120:47
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.
1949
7247920
5120
။ သို့သေဏá€ș ကဝါကျတလငá€ș 'နဟစá€șလ' á€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
120:53
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
1950
7253760
3920
'ကျလနá€șမ ကလနá€șပျူတဏ မပျကá€șခငá€ș နဟစá€șá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ပိုငá€șတယá€ș။'
120:58
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
1951
7258400
4960
ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șနေတဏက ပထမလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șက ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတယá€șဆိုတာကို ပဌသနေပါတယá€ș။
121:04
Let's take a look at the next example.
1952
7264080
2080
နေဏကá€șငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
121:07
‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
1953
7267040
4800
'Jim က ခလေသမလေသတá€Č့ဥထိ ဥထဟသကျနá€șနေတဏ á€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹
121:12
Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.
1954
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တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရဟိ'၊ အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ဘာသာရပá€șရဟိသညá€ș။
121:17
And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.
1955
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4400
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ဥတိတá€șက 'ခလေသကလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€șရဟိတယá€ș'။
121:22
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
1956
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șနေသမျဟသညá€ș ပထမလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șကနá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
121:28
He had been lonely for a long time.
1957
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သူ ဥထဟသကျနá€șနေတဏ á€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹
121:32
That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’
1958
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4080
အá€Čဒါက နေဏကá€șပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ခလေသကလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€ș ရခá€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
121:36
And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
1959
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6240
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူနá€Č့ငါက ငါ့မိနá€șသမမဖဌစá€șခငá€ș နဟစá€șပေါငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Ź သူငယá€șချငá€șသဖဌစá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
121:44
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
1960
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3440
á€á€«á€€á€»áá€•á€‘á€™á€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€„á€șှသညá€ș အတိတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသညá€ș။
121:47
It happened before she became my wife.
1961
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3440
á€‡á€”á€źá€žá€™á€–á€Œá€…á€șခငá€șကတညá€șှက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့တဏ။
121:52
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
1962
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4960
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź မဟနá€șကနá€șခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Čဆိုတာ ရဟငá€șသပဌချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
121:57
Let's move on.
1963
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1200
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
121:58
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
1964
7318960
5360
အခု ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș past perfect tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź negative ကို ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€”á€Č့ မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသမလá€Č။
122:04
Take a look at the board.
1965
7324320
1120
ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
122:06
The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
1966
7326000
6160
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါ မနေ့က á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș စဏသသေဏကá€șဆိုငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မစာှရဘူှ' တá€Č့။
122:12
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
1967
7332800
5680
တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș အတိတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș အတိတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
122:19
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
1968
7339200
3840
ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€ș
122:23
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
1969
7343040
4640
ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ကဥရဏသညá€ș အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
122:28
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
1970
7348400
6160
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဒါက အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€„á€«á€œá€Żá€•á€șရမယ့á€șအရာက 'not' á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
122:34
the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
1971
7354560
3440
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá 'had' နဟင့á€ș past particip ။
122:38
So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.
1972
7358720
2880
ဒါနá€Č့ 'မစာှရဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș။
122:42
Or I can use the contraction
1973
7362240
2000
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
122:44
and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
1974
7364240
5200
'မနေ့က á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș စဏသသေဏကá€șဆိုငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မစာှရဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ကျုံ့ á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
122:50
The next sentence is very similar.’
1975
7370240
2000
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက အရမá€șှဆငá€șတူတယá€ș။'
122:52
‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
1976
7372800
4080
'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့တá€Č့ အပတá€șက သူမ á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș ဆပá€șကပá€șပလá€Čကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ။'
122:57
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
1977
7377680
3600
ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€ș
123:01
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
1978
7381280
3680
ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
123:05
However, again, because it's negative,
1979
7385520
3120
သို့သေဏá€ș ထပá€șမံ၍ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
123:08
I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
1980
7388640
5200
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá 'had' နဟင့á€ș past particip á€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'not' ကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါသညá€ș။
123:14
Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’
1981
7394480
5280
'သူမ ဆပá€șကပá€șပလá€Č မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
123:21
The next sentence says,
1982
7401120
1520
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
123:22
‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
1983
7402640
5200
'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șက ငဟကá€șကို မပျံခငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź တေဏá€șတေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș လိုကá€șမလိုကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။ á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€ș
123:28
Remember, we can show duration,
1984
7408560
2400
á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ပထမလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို
123:30
or how long the first action was true.
1985
7410960
2960
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ ။
123:33
by using 'for' and a duration.
1986
7413920
2480
'for' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá
123:37
Because this is the negative form,
1987
7417360
2240
ကဥရဏသညá€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊
123:39
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
1988
7419600
7280
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș၊ ငါသညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș 'had' မဟုတá€ș' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș participle မတိုငá€șမြ
123:46
In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.
1989
7426880
4000
ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'hadn't' သညá€ș သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
123:52
‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
1990
7432000
4720
'ငါတို့ဥိမá€șထေဏငá€șမကျခငá€ș á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șကတညá€șှက တစá€șယေဏကá€șနá€Č့တစá€șယေဏကá€ș မသိခá€Č့ကဌဘူသ။
123:57
That's a pretty short time.
1991
7437360
1920
ဥချိနá€șက တေဏá€șတေဏá€șတိုပါတယá€ș။
123:59
It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?
1992
7439280
3760
'for', How long á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌသညá€ș။
124:03
‘three months’
1993
7443040
800
'á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œ'
124:04
Let's move on.
1994
7444640
880
ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
124:06
Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.
1995
7446080
5120
ကá€Č၊ past perfect tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'had' ကိုသုံသတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
124:11
Take a look at the first sentence.
1996
7451840
2160
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
124:14
It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’
1997
7454000
3360
'နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
124:18
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
1998
7458160
3760
အခု á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှကို မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖို့က တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
124:21
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
1999
7461920
4000
သငá€șလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
124:25
So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.
2000
7465920
3360
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမရဟိခá€Č့' အစာှ 'Had she' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€†á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
124:30
‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
2001
7470000
2000
'နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
124:32
You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’
2002
7472960
4594
'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
124:37
or ‘No, she hadn't.’
2003
7477554
286
124:37
The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’
2004
7477840
3760
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမရဟိခá€Č့ဘူသ' နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€‘á€œá€€á€șခငá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
124:42
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
2005
7482240
4320
တစá€șဖနá€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌနá€șသညá€ș။
124:46
Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.
2006
7486560
3920
'It had' အစာှ 'Had it' ဟု မေသခလနá€șှထုတá€șပါ။
124:51
‘Had it rained before they left?’
2007
7491360
1920
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€‘á€œá€€á€șခငá€ș á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
124:54
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’
2008
7494160
5174
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌနá€șရနá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့၊ ရဟိခá€Č့သညá€ș' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
124:59
or ‘No, it hadn't.’
2009
7499334
746
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ မရဟိဘူသ။'
125:00
Let's move on now.
2010
7500080
2080
အခုပá€Č ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
125:02
I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
2011
7502160
4640
အတိတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș 'WH' မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șနညá€șှ။
125:07
Let's take a look.
2012
7507360
880
ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
125:09
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
2013
7509200
4480
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€…á€źáá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șရသညá€ș။
125:14
‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.
2014
7514320
3680
'ဘယá€ș'၊ 'ဘယá€șသူ'၊ 'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șလို'။
125:19
Let's take a look at the first question.
2015
7519360
2080
ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
125:22
‘Where had he traveled before?’
2016
7522320
2240
'အရငá€șက ဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č'
125:25
You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.
2017
7525360
4400
'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့' သညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
125:30
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
2018
7530720
5040
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ဥတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှ။
125:36
‘Where had he traveled before?’
2019
7536480
2080
'အရငá€șက ဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č'
125:39
The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’
2020
7539840
3920
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုက 'အရငá€șက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
125:44
This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word
2021
7544560
3760
ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'WH' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž
125:48
‘had she’ and then the past participle.
2022
7548320
2880
'သူမ' နဟင့á€ș လလနá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż အတူတူပငá€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș
125:52
You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
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။ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'မတိုငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€ź' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€șကို á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ၊ တိကျသည့á€șဥချကá€șကို ဥချိနá€șမြ မရေသနိုငá€șခá€Č့ပါ။
125:59
If you see that it simply means before now.
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ရဟငá€șသရဟငá€șသလေသမဌငá€șရရငá€ș အခုအရငá€șဆိုလိုတယá€ș။
126:03
The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'နေ့လညá€șစာမစာှခငá€ș ဘာစာှခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
126:08
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.
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သို့သေဏá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș တူညဟသေဏ ဖေဏá€șá€™á€Œá€°á€œá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż လိုကá€șနာသညá€ș၊ သို့သေဏá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'မငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နေ့လညá€șစာ' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
126:15
The last one says,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတစá€șယေဏကá€șက
126:16
‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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'သူနá€Č့မတလေ့ခငá€ș ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Č'
126:21
Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့' + 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€Č့လá€Č။
126:28
Let's take a look at how  to answer these questions.
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á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€±á€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
126:32
‘Where had he traveled before?’
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'အရငá€șက ဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č'
126:35
‘He had traveled to Europe.’
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'သူ ငရေဏပကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș'
126:37
is one possible answer.
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ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
126:40
‘Who had she talked to before?’
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'အရငá€șက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č'
126:43
Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’
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'သူမ အစá€șကိုနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€á€šá€ș။
126:48
‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ မစာှခငá€ș ဘာစာှခá€Č့လá€Č'
126:51
‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာမစာှခငá€ș á€†á€°á€›á€Ÿá€źá€…á€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș'
126:54
And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူနá€Č့ မချိနá€șသတလေ့ခငá€ș ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Ÿ သူ့ကို သိခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
127:00
‘She had known him for three years.’
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'သူနá€Č့ သိတာ á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
127:02
That is one possible answer.
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ဒါက ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șချေရဟိတá€Č့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€á€…á€șခုပါပá€Č။
127:05
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
127:07
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
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ယခု past perfect tense ၏ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șဥချို့ကို ကဌည့á€șလိုကá€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
127:14
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
127:16
‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’
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'ငါမနဏသခငá€ș á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€—á€œá€Źá€€á€»á€„á€șသနေတယá€ș'
127:20
The verb here is ‘work’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'အလုပá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
127:23
Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.
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'I had' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သတိရပါ။
127:26
No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.
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á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș 'ရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á‹
127:31
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șယူပါ။
127:35
In this case, we would say ‘worked’.
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ဒြကိစá€čá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș။
127:41
‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’
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'ကျလနá€șမ မနာှခငá€ș á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș'
127:45
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
127:50
‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’
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'ငါတို့ရေဒဟယိုနဏသမထေဏငá€șခငá€ș á€á€źá€—á€œá€źá€—á€œá€Źá€€á€»á€„á€șသနေတယá€ș'
127:56
Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’
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á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'မရဟိ'
127:59
or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မရဟိ' ကိုသုံသသညá€șဟု သတိရပါ။
128:04
‘We hadn’t’.
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Č့ဘူသ'
128:06
And then, we need the past participle.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€ŸáŠ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€șပါ၀ငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
128:11
‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’
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'ငါတို့ရေဒဟယိုနဏသမထေဏငá€șခငá€ș á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဖူှဘူှ'
128:17
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
128:22
‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
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'ရကá€șဂျဟက ပြရူှကို á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș မကá€čá€€á€†á€źá€€á€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ရဟိခá€Č့တဏ။'
128:27
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șရဟိတယá€ș၊ အနုတá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€€ 'ရဟိခá€Č့' က မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
128:34
However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'be' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
128:39
So the correct answer is,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
128:41
‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
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'ရကá€șဂျဟက ပြရူှကို á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș မကá€čကဆြကိုကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' တá€Č့။
128:46
And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ဂျနá€șá€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș'။
128:53
Hmm.
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ဟမá€ș။
128:54
Remember, we need the past participle.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အတိတá€ș၏ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
128:57
We don't say do.
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€˜á€°á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€žá‹
128:58
We say ‘done’.
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ငါတို့က 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
129:00
‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’
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'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ဂျနá€șတို့ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șခငá€ș á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șက á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
129:06
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
129:07
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖေဏá€șပဌသည့á€ș past perfect tense á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
129:11
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șဥချို့ကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș ။
129:15
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
129:18
‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’
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'မငá€șှ အိမá€șမပဌနá€șခငá€ș á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ပနá€șá€žá€á€Œá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€—á€œá€Źá€€á€»á€„á€șသနေတယá€ș'
129:23
Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့' သညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
129:27
So I'm going to add that here,
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အá€Čဒါကို á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထပá€șထည့á€șမယá€ș၊
129:30
then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'be' ရá€Č့ past particip လိုအပá€șတယá€ș။
129:34
And that is ‘been’.
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အá€Čဒါ 'ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
129:37
‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’
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'မငá€șှအိမá€șမပဌနá€șခငá€ș ပနá€șá€žá€á€Œá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
129:42
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
129:44
‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’
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'သူတို့က မနာှခငá€ș á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș á€—á€œá€Źá€€á€»á€„á€șှထာှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
129:49
Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș အတိတá€șပါ၀ငá€șတယá€ș။
129:55
So the answer is,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€
129:57
‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’
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'သူတို့ ဥနဏသယူချိနá€șမတိုငá€șခငá€ș á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Ź á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€Č့တဏ' တá€Č့။
130:03
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
130:07
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
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နညá€șှနညá€șá€žá€•á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Šá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဥချိနá€șနညá€șှနညá€șá€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
130:11
‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€Ÿá€…á€șယေဏကá€ș ပထမဆုံသရနá€șပလá€Čမဖဌစá€șခငá€ș ဆယá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șကတညá€șှက တစá€șယေဏကá€șနá€Č့တစá€șယေဏကá€ș သိနေခá€Č့တဏ'
130:17
Can you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
130:20
Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိ' တá€Č့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဒါကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
130:24
There are two past participles here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ယခငá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
130:26
We need to get rid of one of them.
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သူတို့ထá€Čက တစá€șယေဏကá€șကို ငါတို့ ဖယá€șပစá€șရမယá€ș။
130:30
We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years
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á€’á€źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ဖယá€șထုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'သူတို့
130:36
before they had their first fight.’
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ပထမရနá€șပလá€Čမဖဌစá€șခငá€ș
130:39
The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
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ဆယá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șကတညá€șှက တစá€șယေဏကá€șနá€Č့တစá€șယေဏကá€ș သိခá€Č့ကဌတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။ နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șရá€Č့ á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€‚á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€žá€œá€„á€șှခငá€ș နဟစá€șပေါငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
130:47
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက ဥစကတေဏ့ á€™á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹
130:50
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș အတိတá€șက á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
130:55
‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șရá€Č့ á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€‚á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€žá€œá€„á€șှခငá€ș နဟစá€șပေါငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Č့ပါတယá€ș။
131:03
Good job, everybody.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
131:04
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
131:05
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
131:07
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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ယခုသငá€șသညá€ș အတိတá€ș၏ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကေဏငá€șá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€”á€Źá€žá€œá€Šá€șá€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹
131:11
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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နညá€șှနညá€șှခကá€șနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပေမယ့á€ș ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
131:14
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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လေ့ကျင့á€șပါမဟ ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
131:17
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€á€Ź မလလယá€șမဟနá€șသသိပေမယ့á€ș ဥချိနá€șနá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
131:21
I know you'll master it.
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ကျလမá€șသကျငá€șလာမယá€șဆိုတာ သိပါတယá€ș။
131:23
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€±á€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€±á€žá€‡á€°á€žá€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€„á€șပါတယá€ș နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
131:34
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
131:35
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
131:37
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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ဒြ video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź past perfect continuous tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
131:42
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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အတိတá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို အတိတá€șမဟ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șတစá€șခုအထိ ဆကá€șလကá€șဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ကူညဟပေသသည့á€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș
131:45
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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။ သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€™á€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါ။
131:49
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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အတိတá€ș၏ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
131:55
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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အတိတá€șက á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€»á€€á€șတစá€șခုအထိ ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေသည့á€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€ș
132:01
past that continued up to another point in the
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ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș
132:04
past.
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။
132:05
You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about
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၎ငá€șှလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသညá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ
132:09
how long that action was in progress.
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ဆလေသနလေသရနá€ș 'for' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș ။
132:12
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
132:14
‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဘတá€șစá€șကာှ မရေဏကá€șခငá€ș နဟစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș စေဏင့á€șနေခá€Č့တဏ။
132:19
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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အá€Čဒါကို á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
132:21
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက ဘာကိစá€čစမရဟိပါဘူသ၊ ငါတို့က 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသတယá€ș' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနေတယá€ș။
132:26
For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș၊ 'ငါဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသ'၊ 'Chuck ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသ'၊
132:30
And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’
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'Tom နဟင့á€ș Kim ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș'။
132:33
And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
132:36
‘waiting’.
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'စေဏင့á€șဆိုငá€șှ'။
132:38
‘I had been waiting.’
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'ငါစေဏင့á€șနေတယá€ș။'
132:39
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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အခုက အရငá€șလုပá€șနေတá€Č့ လုပá€șရပá€șပါ။
132:44
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș နဟစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌသညá€ș။
132:48
The second part says, ‘it arrived’.
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ဒုတိယပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ 'ရေဏကá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
132:51
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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á€€á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș past simple tense ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
132:54
Therefore, that is the second action.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ယငá€șှသညá€ș ဒုတိယလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
132:57
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șက ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șá€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€á€»á€„á€șှ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ လုပá€șရပá€șပá€Č၊
133:03
so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ငါ ဘတá€șစá€șကဏသစေဏင့á€șနေခá€Č့တဏ' ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ပဌနá€șတယá€ș။
133:07
first.
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ပထမ။
133:08
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဘတá€șစá€șကဏသရေဏကá€șလာတá€Č့ဥထိ ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
133:13
‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.
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'Chuck ဟငá€șသချကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' နေဏကá€șတေဏ့ အá€Čဒြအပိုငá€șှက လလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
133:17
No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
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á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊ ငါတို့က 'ရဟိခá€Č့' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။ တစá€șဖနá€ș၊
133:23
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing
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á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€•á€Œá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'တစá€șနာရြ' á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș Chuck ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șနေသညá€șမညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€•á€Œá€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș
133:29
the duration.
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။
133:31
And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'á€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€„á€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
133:35
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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အရငá€șတုနá€șှက ဒြအထိ ဟငá€șသချကá€șစာှဖူှတယá€ș။
133:39
Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ 'Tom နဟင့á€ș Kim သညá€ș လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șနေခá€Č့သညá€ș' ၊ ကဥပိုငá€șှသညá€ș ယခုဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș မငá€șသနဟင့á€șရငá€șá€žá€”á€Ÿá€źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€„á€·á€șသညá€ș၊
133:46
‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.
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'တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș' ဟု ထပá€șမံဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș၊ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€Šá€ș။
133:50
‘before they rested.’
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'မအိပá€șခငá€ș'
133:52
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သူတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€”á€Źá€žá€šá€°á€á€Œá€„á€șá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€ź တစá€șနဏရဟခန့á€ș လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șခá€Č့ကဌသညá€ș။
133:58
Before they rested.
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မအိပá€șခငá€ș။
134:00
Let's move on.
2147
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
134:01
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ အတိတá€ș၌ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€á€›á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဥကျိုသကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș
134:07
past.
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။
134:08
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရငá€șှ၊
134:13
why something happened.
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș တစá€șစုံတစá€șရာ ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို ပဌသသညá€ș။
134:15
We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€á€›á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဥကျိုသသကá€șရေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ပဌသရနá€ș 'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဒါ' ကို သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
134:20
Here, I'll explain.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șရဟငá€șသပဌပါ့မယá€ș။
134:22
‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’
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'Jason က á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€›á€á€Ź ပငá€șပနá€șá€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€·'
134:27
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€•á€‘á€™á€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€„á€șှသညá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
134:31
‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’
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'Jason ပငá€șပနá€șá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č'
134:36
Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.
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á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č ဆိုတေဏ့ 'သူက ရလရလပဌေသတယá€ș' á€†á€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€·á€œá€±á‹
134:39
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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ကဝါကျ၏ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șှသညá€ș past perfect continuous tense ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
134:44
‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,
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'သူဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș'၊ မညá€șသည့á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကိုမဆို သတိရပါ၊
134:48
we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့' á€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź' ဖဌင့á€ș ပဌေသနေခဌငá€șှကို သတိရပါ။
134:53
‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'သူ ရလရလပဌေသနေတယá€ș' ဒါက á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș Jason ပငá€șပနá€șှခá€Č့ရတဏကို ပဌတယá€ș။
134:59
The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€œá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€™á€șှ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș '
135:04
it had been raining.’
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á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€…á€­á€Żá€…á€œá€á€șနေသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
135:06
Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€șဆငá€șတူသညá€ș၊ 'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတရာှကို ပဌသညá€ș။
135:12
Why was the pavement wet?
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á€œá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€™á€șှက á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș စိုတာလá€Č။
135:14
‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’
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'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€œá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€™á€șှက စိုနေတယá€ș။'
135:19
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနညá€șှငယá€ș ကလá€Čá€•á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż တလေ့ရတယá€ș။
135:22
‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'ကလေသတလေ ကစာှဖူှတယá€ș' တဖနá€ș ဒါက á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș
135:28
tense.
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တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
135:29
‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.
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'ကစာှဖူှတယá€ș' ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șှက 'အခနá€șှက á€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
135:34
So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုပá€Č 'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Čဆိုတေဏ့' အစာှ
135:38
I used ‘so’.
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'so' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
135:40
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဥမိန့á€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသထဏသပေမယ့á€ș အဓိပá€čပါယá€șကတေဏ့ ဥတူတူပါပá€Č။
135:44
This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.
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'á€€â€‹á€œá€±á€žâ€‹á€á€œá€±â€‹á€†á€±á€Źá€·â€‹á€”á€±â€‹á€á€Ź' က​တေဏ့ အခနá€șှ​က á€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șâ€‹á€•á€œâ€‹á€”á€±â€‹á€á€Źâ€‹á€•á€Č။
135:50
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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ကကဏသ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတရာှ ဖဌစá€ș၍ ကသညá€șပငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေ၏။
135:55
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
135:57
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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အခု á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံထá€Čကို á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
136:02
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
136:04
‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’
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'အလုပá€șမဆငá€șှခငá€ș တစá€șရကá€șá€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€«á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șမလုပá€șဘူှ'
136:09
So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'သူမ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Čဒါ'
136:14
just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,
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á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș 'ရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· အခိုငá€șá€Ąá€™á€Źá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș 'ရဟိ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șပုံစံနá€Č့ '
136:20
we add ‘not’. ‘had not’
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ပေါငá€șှ' ၊ မဟုတá€șဘူှ' 'မရဟိ'
136:23
‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
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'မရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ရဟိခá€Č့' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź အဓိပá€čပါယá€șကို သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
136:28
Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.
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'ရဟိခá€Č့' နဟင့á€ș 'မ' တို့ကို ပေါငá€șှစပá€șထာှသညá€ș။
136:32
‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'I had not been working' ကျနá€șဝါကျက ဥတူတူပါပá€Č။
136:37
‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before
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'been + verb -ing' 'အလုပá€șမဆငá€șှခငá€ș တစá€șရကá€șá€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șမလုပá€șဘူှ
136:43
I quit.’
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။'
136:44
The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မငá€șှ မငိုခငá€ș ကဌကá€șသလနá€șနြမခုတá€șတာ á€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€ź
136:49
before you cried.’
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' တá€Č့။
136:51
Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'မ' သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' ခဌငá€șá€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ရဟိသညá€ș။
136:56
‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’
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'သူမ အိပá€șပျေဏá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źáŠ စဏမကျကá€șá€á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€ź'
137:00
Here, we have the contraction.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသရဟိသညá€ș။
137:03
And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'နဟငá€șသတလေ ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Ź á€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€ź
137:07
stopped.’
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'
137:08
Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'မရဟိ' ခဌငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသရဟိသညá€ș။
137:12
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'အရငá€ș' ကိုသုံသခá€Č့တဏကို á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
137:16
And in the last two, I used ‘when’.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဥခါ' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
137:19
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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ပထမလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€·á€șဥခါ ပဌသရနá€ș တစá€șခုစြကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
137:24
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
137:25
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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အခု အတိတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမလá€Čဆိုတာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
137:32
Here is the first example.
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ဒါက ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏပါ။
137:34
‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’
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'သူ မရေဏကá€șခငá€ș တနေကုနá€ș ကဏသမေဏငá€șှ နေတဏ။'
137:38
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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ယခု ကဥရဏကို မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șရမည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပထမ
137:44
two words.
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á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
137:45
Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.
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'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź' အစာှ á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှထုတá€șá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'á€žá€°á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
137:52
‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’
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'သူမရေဏကá€șခငá€ș တစá€șနေကုနá€ș ကဏသမေဏငá€șá€žá€”á€±á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
137:56
The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ခလေသက á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€șနေတဏ
138:01
scared.’
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' တá€Č့။
138:02
In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ခလေသ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
138:06
And then we follow with ‘had’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'had' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
138:08
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖို့၊ နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့က á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€Źá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပါတယá€ș။
138:13
‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’
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'ခလေသက á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
138:17
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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မေသခလနá€șသတလငá€ș ကျနá€șá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș တစá€șနေရဏတညá€șသတလငá€ș ရဟိနေသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
138:23
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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ယခု ပထမမေသခလနá€șသတလငá€ș၊ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခု မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș၊
138:29
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အတိတá€șတလငá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ မေသနေပါသညá€ș။
138:32
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတရာှနá€Č့ á€Ąá€€á€»á€­á€Żá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ မေသပါတယá€ș။
138:36
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
138:38
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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ယခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ယခငá€șက á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။
138:45
Take a look at these examples.
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ကငပမဏမျဏသကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
138:47
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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၎ငá€șá€žá€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž WH á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
138:51
Why, where, what, and who.
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ ဘယá€șနေရဏ၊ ဘာ၊ ဘယá€șသူလá€Č။
138:55
You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.
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ငါတို့ 'ရဟိ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș မငá€șှလညá€șှ သတိထာှမိနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
138:59
‘Why had’ ‘Where had’
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'á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပါလá€Č' 'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€Č'
139:01
‘What had’ and ‘Who had’
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'ရဟိဖူသ' 'ဘယá€șသူရဟိလá€Č'
139:04
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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ပထမမေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șရေဏကá€șလာတယá€ș။
139:09
‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’
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'Why had you' နá€Č့ 'been + verb -ing'
139:14
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အá€Čá€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တူညြတá€Č့ပုံစံပါပá€Č။
139:18
So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’
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ဒါနá€Č့ 'မငá€șá€žá€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€’á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Č' 'ငါက
139:22
I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have
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á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Č á€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€· အရမá€șá€žá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Č့တဏ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
139:27
a test.’
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။
139:29
‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’
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'မငá€șှ ဒြကိုမလာခငá€ș ဘယá€șကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șခá€Čá€·á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
139:33
I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€Ąá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€á€…á€șခလငá€ș á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șဖူှတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
139:38
‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’
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'á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€„á€ș á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Č့လá€Č။'
139:42
I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’
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'သူတို့ ဘေ့စá€șá€˜á€±á€Źá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
139:46
And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူမ
139:51
left home?’
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အိမá€șကမထလကá€șခငá€ș ဘယá€șသူနá€Čá€·á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€°á€žá€œá€Č'
139:52
I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’
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'သူမ ချစá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
139:56
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
139:58
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż စတငá€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
140:02
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
140:05
It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’
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'သူတို့ __ အိမá€șမပဌနá€șခငá€ș ဥချိနá€șဥတေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
140:10
Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'အလုပá€ș' ဖဌင့á€ș ကလကá€șလပá€șဖဌည့á€șရနá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹
140:16
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.
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ဘယá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသ' တá€Čá€·á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို လိုကá€șနာတယá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
140:22
So we say, ‘They had been’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ငါတို့က 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
140:26
What happens to the verb?
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
140:28
Remember, we add ‘-ing’.
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ငါတို့ '-ing' ထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
140:33
So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူတို့ အိမá€șမပဌနá€șမြ ဥချိနá€șဥတေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€Ź အလုပá€ș လုပá€șခá€Č့ကဌသညá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
140:40
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
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အခု á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șပါ။
140:43
I want you to use the negative.
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
140:46
‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’
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'ငါ __ á€á€źá€—á€źá€•á€Œá€”á€șမစခငá€ș တနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șအလို။'
140:52
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€žá€Šá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာ
140:57
and then ‘had not been’.
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နဟင့á€ș စတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'မဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသ' သညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
141:02
Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'had't' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
141:05
‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.
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'I hadn't been' နá€Č့ နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing'။
141:12
‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș တြဗြ မကဌည့á€șဖဌစá€șတာ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź နေဏကá€șတစá€șခေါကá€ș ပဌနá€șစကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။
141:18
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
141:24
‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’
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'ငါနá€Č့ Gina က အလုပá€șမစခငá€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဖူှဘူှ။'
141:30
What's the error?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€˜á€Źá€œá€Č။
141:32
You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' မပါတဏကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
141:39
To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż မဟနá€șကနá€șစေရနá€ș၊ 'Gina နá€Č့ á€„á€«á€Ÿá€Ź
141:45
any work before we started.’
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ငါတို့မစခငá€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿ မလုပá€șခá€Č့ဘူသ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€•á€«á€™á€šá€ș။
141:48
Now, find the mistake here.
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
141:51
‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
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'သူဟာ အာှလပá€șချိနá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€· YouTube ကို ကဌည့á€șရတာ။'
141:58
‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.
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'သူ' ရဟိတယá€ș၊ ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ငါတို့ 'ဖဌစá€ș' ဖို့ လိုတယá€ș။
142:05
And ‘watching’ is correct.
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'ကဌည့á€șခဌငá€șှ' သညá€ș မဟနá€ș၏။
142:07
So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူဟာ အာှလပá€șချိနá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€· YouTube ကို ကဌည့á€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
142:12
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
142:14
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
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အခု၊ အတိတá€șရá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż နေဏကá€șထပá€ș စစá€șဆေသကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
142:20
Take a look at the first example.
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ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
142:22
It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’
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'ကုမá€čပဏြ __ ဝနá€șထမá€șသတလေက အလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပါ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
142:28
Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.
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past perfect continuous tense တလငá€ș 'promote' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á‹
142:33
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.
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ဘယá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့ဖူသတယá€ș' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
142:38
So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'ကုမá€čပဏြက' နá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'promoting' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
142:49
‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’
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'ကုမá€čပဏြက အလုပá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဝနá€șထမá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ရဏထူသတိုသပေသတဏပါ။'
142:55
The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'ငါ __ မငá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€źá€žá€™á€±á€žá€œá€șá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż spam ဖိုဒါထá€Čရေဏကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ခဏတာဘá€Č
143:01
folder.’
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။'
143:02
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'get' ဖဌင့á€ș အနုတá€șပုံစံကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
143:08
Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'မရရဟိ'
143:13
Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မရရဟိ' ဟု ဆိုသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
143:20
‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’
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'မငá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€źá€žá€™á€±á€žá€œá€șá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż စပမá€șှဖိုငá€șတလá€Čထá€Čရေဏကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါမငá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€źá€žá€™á€±á€žá€œá€șá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€›á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€ź'
143:27
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
143:32
‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’
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'ငါ ပိုကá€șá€†á€¶á€œá€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€· အလုပá€șတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€ž လုပá€șခá€Č့ရတဏ။'
143:37
What's the mistake?
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á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€œá€Č?
143:39
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
143:45
‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’
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'ငါ ပိုကá€șá€†á€¶á€œá€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€· အလုပá€șတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€ž လုပá€șခá€Č့ရတယá€ș။'
143:50
The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူဟာ စိတá€șá€–á€­á€…á€źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဆေသလိပá€șသေဏကá€șနေတဏ' တá€Č့။
143:56
Can you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
143:58
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
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အတိတá€șကို á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံဥေဏငá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șနေတယá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
144:02
In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș 'ရဟိ' ရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș၊ 'ရဟိ' သညá€șမဟုတá€șပေ။
144:09
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
144:10
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
144:11
Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the past tense. 
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အတိတá€șကာလက ဒြသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€±á€žá€‡á€°á€žá€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șကာလ
144:15
Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check  out my grammar course on the present tense  
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အနာဂတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏သဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို စုံစမá€șှရနá€ș á€Ąá€á€œá€„á€·á€șမရဟိပါက
144:20
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you  
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ယခုသငá€șá€žá€±á€á€»á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șပါ။ ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€±á€žá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျေသဇူသတငá€șပါတယá€ș
144:25
next time. Bye. 
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခါ တလေ့မယá€ș ။ အá€Č့ဒဟတေဏ့
144:35
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
144:36
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
144:37
In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'will' နá€Č့ 'be going to' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
144:40
using 'will' and 'be going to'.
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အနာဂတá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș ။
144:43
This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș သင့á€șအာှ အနာဂတá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș အစြအစဉá€șမျဏသကို ဖေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကူညဟပေသမည့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€Ź တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
144:49
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
144:54
The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.
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အနာဂတá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနာဂတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
144:59
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
145:01
‘I'm cold.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șဥေသတယá€ș။'
145:03
Well that's right now.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź အá€Čဒါ အခုပá€Č။
145:05
‘I will close the window.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ပဌတငá€șသပေါကá€șကို ပိတá€șလိုကá€șမယá€ș။'
145:07
We start with the subject ‘will’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
145:10
And then, the base verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá‹
145:12
‘I will close the window.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ပဌတငá€șသပေါကá€șကို ပိတá€șလိုကá€șမယá€ș။'
145:14
In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ယခုဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș မညá€șကá€Č့သို့ á€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€›á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ရုတá€șတရကá€ș á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€á€șချကá€șတစá€șခု ချနေပါသညá€ș။
145:20
I will close the window because I'm cold right now.
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€Ąá€±á€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€· ပဌတငá€șသပေါကá€șကိုပိတá€șလိုကá€șမယá€ș။
145:24
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
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2640
'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
145:28
Again, you start with the subject and then ‘will’.
2313
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တစá€șဖနá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'á€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€ș'။
145:32
After that, you have the base verb.
2314
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ထို့နေဏကá€șတလငá€ș၊ သင့á€șတလငá€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
145:35
You can use the ‘be’ verb to talk about a confirmed plan.
2315
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အတညá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€‘á€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Ź အစြအစဉá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
145:39
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
2316
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
145:43
The economy will get better next year.
2317
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2801
နေဏကá€șနဟစá€șá€á€œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€…á€źá€žá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€›á€±á€ž ပိုကေဏငá€șှလာမယá€ș။
145:46
In this case, the subject is ‘the economy’.
2318
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€…á€źá€žá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€›á€±á€ž' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
145:50
Again, we follow with ‘will’ and the base verb ‘get’.
2319
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3601
နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' နဟင့á€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'get' ဖဌင့á€ș လိုကá€șနာသညá€ș။
145:54
‘The economy will get better next year.’
2320
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'á€…á€źá€žá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€›á€±á€žá€€ နေဏကá€șနဟစá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပိုကေဏငá€șှလာမယá€ș။'
145:57
I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.
2321
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4240
အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€šá€·á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ခန့á€șမဟနá€șသနေပါတယá€ș။
146:02
And finally, ‘I will help you with your homework.’
2322
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'မငá€șှအိမá€șá€…á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ငါကူညဟပေသမယá€ș'
146:06
I'm making a future plan to help you.
2323
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ငါမငá€șသကိုကူညဟဖို့ အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șတစá€șခုလုပá€șနေတယá€ș။
146:09
‘I will help you with your homework.’
2324
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'မငá€șှအိမá€șá€…á€Źá€á€œá€± ငါကူညဟပေသမယá€ș။'
146:12
It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.
2325
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ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șကမဟ á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș အနာဂတá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹
146:16
Let's move on.
2326
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801
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
146:18
You can also use ‘be going to’ to express a future action.
2327
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အနာဂတá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be going to' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
146:22
It's almost the same as ‘will’.
2328
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'ဆနá€čဒ' နá€Č့ ဥတူတူနဟသပါသပါပá€Č။
146:25
Here are some examples.
2329
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
146:27
‘There's no milk.
2330
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1200
'နို့ မရဟိဘူသ။
146:29
I'm going to buy some.’
2331
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á€„á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șလိုကá€șဩှမယá€ș။'
146:32
So what you see here is the subject and then the ‘be’ verb - ‘am’.
2332
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Œá€„á€șရတá€Č့ အရာက á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'am' ပါ။
146:37
‘I am’
2333
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'ငါ'
146:38
And then here we used a contraction ‘I'm’.
2334
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· နဟိမ့á€șချသုံသတယá€ș။
146:42
‘I'm going to buy some.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șမယá€ș'
146:44
I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.
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á€”á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဝယá€șဖို့ á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
146:49
The next sentence says, ‘It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș နဟငá€șသကျတေဏ့မယá€ș ထငá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
146:54
Here the subject is ‘it’ and so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
2338
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'it' ဆိုတေဏ့ ငါ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
146:59
‘it is’
2339
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'ဒါ'
147:00
‘It's’ is the contraction.
2340
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3200
'အá€Čဒါ' က ကျုံ့တယá€ș။
147:04
‘It's going to’ And then we use the base verb ‘snow’.
2341
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'It's going to' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'snow' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
147:09
The word ‘tomorrow’ shows that this is a future action.
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș ကဥရဏသညá€ș အနာဂတá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
147:15
‘He's going to take a trip in the summer.’
2343
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'á€”á€œá€±á€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
147:18
Because the subject is ‘he’, we use the ‘be’ verb – is.
2344
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသသညá€ș။
147:23
And we can use the contraction ‘he's’. ‘he is’ or ‘he's’ going to
2345
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ကျုံ့ 'he's' ကိုသုံသနိုငá€șတယá€ș။ 'he is' or 'he's' going to
147:29
And then the base verb ‘take’
2346
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€„á€ș base verb ' take'
147:32
‘take a trip in the summer’
2347
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' take a trip in the summer'
147:34
Again an action happening in the future.
2348
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2721
á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုသညá€ș အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေပဌနá€șသညá€ș။
147:37
Let's move on.
2349
8857920
720
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
147:39
Now, let's take a look at the negative form of
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2960
ကá€Č အနာဂတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż
147:42
the future simple tense.
2351
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ရá€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș
147:44
The first example says, ‘Stan will not like his English score.’
2352
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။ ပထမငပမဏက 'Stan သညá€ș သူ၏ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șရမဟတá€șကို နဟစá€șသကá€șမညá€șမဟုတá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
147:49
No matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘will not’ and then the
2353
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊
147:54
base form of the verb.
2354
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż 'will' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနဏပါတယá€ș။
147:56
‘Stan will not like his English score.’
2355
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3200
'Stan က သူ့ရá€Č့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șရမဟတá€șကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ။'
148:01
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
2356
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2560
'ငါတို့ မငá€șှကို ပိုကá€șá€†á€¶á€™á€•á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž'
148:04
In this case, the subject is ‘we’.
2357
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
148:06
And we follow with the contraction ‘won't’.
2358
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€șနဟင့á€ș 'မဖဌစá€ș' ပါ။
148:10
It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,
2359
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ဥသံက တကယá€șကို ကလá€Čá€•á€Œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€á€á€Œá€Źá€žá€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသတလေနá€Č့ မတူ
148:14
but ‘won't’ is the contraction for ‘will not’
2360
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ပေမယ့á€ș 'won't' ဟာ 'will' ရá€Č့ contraction ဖဌစá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·
148:17
so you can say ‘we will not’ or ‘we won't’.
2361
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'we will not' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'we won't' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
148:21
They're the same.
2362
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ဥတူတူပါပá€Č။
148:23
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
2363
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'ငါတို့ မငá€șှကို ပိုကá€șá€†á€¶á€™á€•á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž'
148:26
Again, you notice the base verb ‘give’ after ‘not’.
2364
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ 'not' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'give' ကို သတိထာှမိသညá€ș။
148:31
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
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'သူ နေဏကá€șအပတá€șအထိ ပျံသနá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
148:58
This sentence uses ‘be going to’. The subject is ‘he’.
2366
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225
148:58
And therefore the ‘be’ verb we use is – ‘is’
2367
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148:58
However we put a ‘not’ after the ‘be’ verb.
2368
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be going to' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူ' ပါ။ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သုံသသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź - 'is'
သို့ပေသေဏá€șလညá€șှ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș 'not' ရဟိသညá€ș။ 'He is not going to
' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€Ÿ base verb ပါ။
148:59
‘He is not going to 
’ And then the base verb.
2369
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148:59
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
2370
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167
148:59
The last sentence says, ‘You are not going to go to the party tonight.’
2371
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5200
'သူ နေဏကá€șအပတá€șအထိ ပျံသနá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။' နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မငá€șှ ဒြည ပါတဟကို á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
149:05
The subject is ‘you’ and so we use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
2372
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
149:10
‘You are not going to go 
’ That's the base verb.
2373
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'မငá€șá€žá€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€žâ€Š' အá€Čဒါ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€•á€«á‹
149:14
‘
 to the party tonight.’
2374
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'... ဒြည ပါတဟကို á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
149:16
Let's move on.
2375
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1120
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
149:17
Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.
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အခု á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
149:24
The first sentence says, ‘He will play with us.’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ ကစာှမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
149:27
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the
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၎ငá€șှကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șရမည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
149:32
first two words.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
149:34
So ‘He will becomes ‘Will he’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș ။
149:37
‘Will he play with us?’
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'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
149:39
‘The next sentence says, ‘He is going to play with us.’
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'နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ ကစာှမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
149:44
This one uses ‘be going to’.
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ဒါက 'be going to' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
149:46
The subject is ‘he’.
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1440
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူ' ပါ။
149:48
And so the ‘be’ verb to use is – ‘is’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ – 'is' ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။
149:52
Then we have ‘going to’ and then the base verb.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'going to' နá€Č့ base verb ရဟိတယá€ș။
149:56
‘He is going to play with us.’
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'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ ကစဏသတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
149:58
When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.
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မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုမေသတá€Č့ဥခါ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှပá€Č ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
150:04
‘Is he going to play with us?’
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'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
150:07
Now if the subject were to be ‘you’ or ‘we’ or ‘they’,
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'မငá€șှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș
150:12
we would say ‘they are’.
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ငါတို့က 'သူတို့' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
150:14
And so the question would say, ‘Are they'.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ မေသခလနá€șှက 'အá€Čá€’á€«á€á€œá€±á€œá€Źá€ž' တá€Č့။
150:17
'Are they going to play with them?’
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'သူတို့နá€Č့ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
150:19
for example.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€ș့။
150:21
So again, remember, for ‘will’ in the future simple tense,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș 'will' ဟာ အနာဂတá€șရá€Č့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
150:26
just say ‘will’ subject and then the base form of the verb.
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'will' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€Żá€¶á€•á€«á€•á€Č။
150:31
However for ‘be going to’ questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper
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သို့သေဏá€ș 'be's mus' မေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€ș
150:37
'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.
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သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သေချဏဥဏရုံစိုကá€șပါ
150:40
To answer the first question, ‘Will he play with us?’
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။ ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ဖဌေရနá€ș 'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
150:44
You can say ‘Yes, he will’ or ‘No, he won't’.
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူလုပá€șမယá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
150:49
‘Is he going to play with us?’
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'သူ ငါတို့နá€Č့ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
150:51
You can say, ‘Yes, he's going to’ or ‘No, he isn't going to’.
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'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့ á€žá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူ á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
150:57
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
150:58
Let's look at how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future simple tense.
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á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥနဏဂတá€șတလငá€ș 'WH' မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
151:04
If you notice each question begins with a ‘WH’ word.
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မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုစြတိုငá€șှကို 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€…á€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
151:08
Who
2406
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500
Who
151:09
When
2407
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500
When
151:10
Where
2408
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Where
151:11
And What
2409
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And What
151:13
The first two sentences use ‘will’ for the future simple tense.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟစá€șခုသညá€ș အနာဂတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ tense á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'will' ကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
151:18
‘Who will win the game?’
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'ဂိမá€șှကို ဘယá€șသူအနိုငá€șရမလá€Č။'
151:20
To answer I can say, ‘My team will win the game.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏အသငá€șှသညá€ș ဂိမá€șှကိုအနိုငá€șရလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဟု ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
151:24
‘When will they arrive?’
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'သူတို့ ဘယá€șတေဏ့ ရေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
151:27
‘They will arrive in two hours.’
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'သူတို့ နဟစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€Ąá€á€œá€„á€șှ ရေဏကá€șလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။'
151:30
Now these two sentences have ‘be going to’.
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အခု á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဖဌစá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș'။
151:35
‘Where is he going to study?’
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'သူဘယá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č'
151:38
In this case, I have the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’ because the subject is ‘he’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ရဟိတယá€ș။
151:43
‘Where is he going to study?’
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'သူဘယá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č'
151:46
I can say, ‘He is going to study at the library.’
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'သူ á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€á€šá€ș။
151:50
And finally, ‘What are you going to do?’
2420
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'မငá€șှဘာလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
151:54
In this case, I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘you’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'မငá€șှ' ဖဌစá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
151:59
‘What are you going to do?’
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'မငá€șှဘာလုပá€șá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č?'
152:01
‘I am going to take a shower.’
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'ငါ ရေချိုသတေဏ့မယá€ș'
152:04
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
152:05
For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနာဂတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
152:11
The first example says, ‘Jen and Paul [blank] home soon’
2426
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ပထမငပမဏက 'Jen and Paul [blank] home soon'
152:16
with the verb ‘go’.
2427
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'go' ပါ။
152:18
Remember, when using ‘will’ for the future simple tense,
2428
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အနာဂတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'á€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€ș' á€€á€­á€Żá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€șဥခါ၊
152:22
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€»á€Ÿ á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€™á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
152:25
We say ‘will’ and then the base verb.
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ငါတို့က 'will' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá‹
152:28
So here we can say, ‘Jen and Paul’ or ‘They will go home soon’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Jen နá€Č့ Paul' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့ဥိမá€șပဌနá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
152:36
‘I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ သိပá€čá€•á€¶á€•á€Šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șတစá€șယေဏကá€șပါ။'
152:40
Try filling in the blank with ‘be’.
2433
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ကလကá€șလပá€șကို 'be' ဖဌင့á€ș ဖဌည့á€șကဌည့á€șပါ။
152:43
Again, we simply say ‘will be’.
2434
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဟု á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á‹
152:47
‘I will be a scientist after I graduate.’
2435
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș သိပá€čá€•á€¶á€•á€Šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șဖဌစá€șမယá€ș'
152:52
Now try this one, ‘We [blank] that because it smells bad.’
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အခု ဒြတစá€șခုကို စမá€șသကဌည့á€șပါ၊ 'ငါတို့ [á€Ąá€œá€œá€á€ș] က ဥနံ့မကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€·á‹'
152:58
I want you to use the negative form with the verb ‘eat’.
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မငá€șှကို á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'eat' နá€Č့ á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șပုံစံကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
153:03
Here we say, ‘will not eat’ or remember we can use the contraction ‘won't’.
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ကတလငá€șကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€Šá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မစာှရ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မဖဌစá€ș' ကိုသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
153:13
‘We will not eat that’ or ‘We won't eat that because it smells bad’.
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€…á€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€Ąá€”á€¶á€·á€†á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€…á€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
153:20
Now look for the mistake in this sentence.
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အခု á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Č့ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
153:25
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ ပြဇာစာှမယá€ș'
153:29
Remember, we need the base form of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
153:33
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ ပြဇာစာှမယá€ș'
153:37
‘Angie and I will playing a game.’
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'အနá€șဂျဟနá€Č့ ငါ ဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့မယá€ș'
153:41
Again we need the base form of the verb.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
153:45
Angie and I will play a game.’
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Angie နá€Č့ ငါ ဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့မယá€ș'
153:49
And finally, ‘Will she be cook dinner?’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူမ ညစာ ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
153:53
This is a question.
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ဒါက မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုပါ။
153:55
However we need to say, ‘Will she cook dinner.’
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'သူထမငá€șသချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
154:01
We do not need a ‘be’ verb here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź မလိုအပá€șပါ။
154:04
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
154:06
Let's practice the ‘be going to’ usage of the future simple tense.
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အနာဂတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€ș၏ 'be going to' á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လေ့ကျင့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
154:11
‘We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.’
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'ငါတို့ _blank_ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
154:15
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'watch' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
154:18
Remember, for ‘be going to’ in the future simple tense,
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အနာဂတá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be't go' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊
154:22
we start with the subject and then the ‘be’ verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
154:26
The subject here is ‘we’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။
154:28
So we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are' လိုတယá€ș။
154:31
‘We are going to’ and then the base verb ‘watch’.
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'We are going to' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș base verb 'watch' ပါ။
154:38
‘We are going to watch soccer.’
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'ငါတို့ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șမယá€ș'
154:41
‘I [blank] going to [blank].’
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'ငါ [blank] á€žá€œá€Źá€ž [blank].'
154:44
The verb is ‘talk’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Ź' သညá€ș။
154:46
And I want you to use the negative form.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· မငá€șှကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
154:50
In this case, the subject is ‘I’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
154:52
And so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘am’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'am' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
154:56
‘I am’ and then we need ‘not’.
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'ငါ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
154:59
‘I am not going to’
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'I am not going to'
155:03
Then the base verb ‘talk’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Ź'။
155:07
‘Why [blank] you going to [blank]?’
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'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€· [blank] မငá€șှ [blank] á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
155:10
The verb here is ‘go’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' တá€Č့။
155:12
In a question, especially a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word,
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á€Ąá€‘á€°á€žá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'WH' မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șကာ
155:18
and then the ‘be’ verb.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
155:20
‘are’ is the correct ‘be’ verb because the subject is ‘you’.
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'are' သညá€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
155:24
Then we have ‘going to’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș ငါတို့ 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'။
155:27
And again, the base form of the verb.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á‹
155:30
‘Why are you going to go?’
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'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
155:33
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
155:38
‘You are going to studying at home.’
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'မငá€șှအိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စဏကျကá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș'
155:41
Can you find the mistake?
2479
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
155:44
‘You are going to’ that's correct.
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'မငá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
155:47
But we need the base form of the verb.
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သို့သေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
155:50
‘You are going to study at home.’
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'မငá€șှအိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စဏကျကá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș'
155:55
‘You will be going to learn English.’
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'မငá€șှအငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șယူတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
155:59
‘You will be going’
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'မငá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș'
156:02
That sounds a little strange.
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အá€Čဒါက နညá€șှနညá€șှထူှဆနá€șှတယá€ș။
156:04
Remember, we don't need the ‘will’ here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' မလိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
156:07
We're using ‘be going to’ and we need to change the ‘be’ verb to match the subject.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be going to' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ကိုကá€șညြရနá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș လိုအပá€șပါသညá€ș။
156:15
‘You are going to learn English’.
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'မငá€șှအငá€șá€čဂလိပá€ș​သငá€ș​​တေဏ့မယá€ș​'
156:18
Or remember, you can also say, ‘You will learn English.
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မငá€șှအငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို သငá€șယူလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတာ သတိရပါ။
156:23
and finally ‘Is he going to do play soccer.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
156:28
uh-oh We have two verbs here.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș။
156:30
‘Is he going to’ - that's correct.
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'á€žá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Źá€ž' - မဟနá€șပါတယá€ș။
156:33
But we have ‘do’ and ‘play’.
2493
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'လုပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'ကစာှ' တယá€ș။
156:36
We don't need both, so we say, ‘Is he going to play soccer?’
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€Ÿá€…á€șယေဏကá€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žáŠ á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș။
156:42
Great job everybody.
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á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€Œá€á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလူတိုငá€șှ။
156:43
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
156:45
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
156:46
You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.
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ယခုသငá€șသညá€ș အနာဂတá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ပိုမိုကေဏငá€șသမလနá€șá€…á€œá€Ź နာှလညá€șနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
156:50
There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သငá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șရနá€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€žá€±á€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
156:55
Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video. 
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ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
157:06
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
157:07
I'm Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
157:08
In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.
2503
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á€€á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș အနာဂတá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șသဒá€čဒါတငá€șှအာှ မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။
157:14
This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€”á€±á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
157:19
I'll go over the basics of this lesson.
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ဒြသငá€șခနá€șှစာရá€Č့ á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€•á€«á€™á€šá€ș။
157:22
And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.
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á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို ပိုမိုကေဏငá€șသမလနá€șသေဏ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€¶á€„á€Źá€á€șတစá€șခု ရရဟိမညá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
157:26
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
157:32
One usage of the future continuous tense
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အနာဂတá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żáá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
157:35
is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șမည့á€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
157:40
We include when this action will be happening.
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șမညá€șနညá€șှ။
157:43
We can use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’.
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'will' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'be going' ကို သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
157:47
To do this, let's take a look at some examples.
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ဒြလိုလုပá€șဖို့၊ á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
157:51
‘I will be taking the test soon.’
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'ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Č á€–á€Œá€±á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
157:54
So you can see here we have the subject and then ‘will be’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș၊ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဌငá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
158:00
After that, we include verb +ing.
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အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· verb +ing ပါ၀ငá€șပါတယá€ș။
158:03
The word ‘soon’ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€ź' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șလာမညá€șကို ညလဟနá€șပဌသညá€ș။
158:10
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
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'ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Č á€–á€Œá€±á€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
158:14
This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,
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ကဝါကျသညá€ș ပထမဝါကျနဟင့á€ș အတူတူပငá€șဖဌစá€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ
158:18
but instead of ‘will be’, we used ‘be going to be’.
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' will be' အစာှ 'be going' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
158:23
Here the subject is ‘I’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
158:25
And therefore we have the ‘be’ verb ‘am’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'am' ရဟိသညá€ș။
158:28
‘I am going to be’ And then verb +ing.
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'I am going to be' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing။
158:33
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
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'ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Č á€–á€Œá€±á€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
158:36
I can also use the contraction and say.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€á€šá€ș။
158:39
‘I'm going to be taking the test soon.’
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'ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Č á€–á€Œá€±á€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
158:43
The next sentence says, ‘He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ 10 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€‘á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Ÿ အိပá€șမယá€ș'
158:48
And the last sentence says, ‘They are going to be 
’
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á€†á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ ဖဌစá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș...'
158:52
Here, because the subject is ‘they’, we use ‘are’.
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ဆိုတေဏ့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူတို့' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'are' သုံသပါတယá€ș။
158:55
‘They are going to be studying 
’ There's the verb +ing
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'သူတို့ စဏကျကá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș
' There's the verb +ing
158:59
‘
 next October.’
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'... next October.'
159:02
‘by 10 pm’ and ‘next October’ show when these actions will be happening.
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'ည ၁၀ နာရြ နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž' နဟင့á€ș 'á€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș ဥေဏကá€șတိုဘာလ' တလငá€ș á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șမျဏသ မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șလာမညá€șကို ပဌသသညá€ș။
159:09
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
159:10
The future continuous tense is also used to show
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အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż
159:14
that a short action in the future is happening
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ကိုလညá€șှ အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș တိုတေဏငá€șသသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခု ဖဌစá€șပျကá€ș
159:18
during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.
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နေချိနá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș á€•á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€Šá€șá€…á€œá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș ကို ပဌသရနá€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș ။
159:23
We can use the word ‘when’ to show when the shorter action occurs.
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တိုတေဏငá€șသသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€žá€Šá€·á€șဥခါ ပဌသရနá€ș 'ဥချိနá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
159:28
Take a look at the first example,
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'သူတို့ရေဏကá€șလာရငá€ș ငါဥိပá€șမယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့
159:31
‘I will be sleeping when they arrive.’
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ပထမငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șပါ ။ á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
159:34
Here we see two actions,
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'ငါဥိပá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș' နá€Č့ 'ရေဏကá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့
159:36
‘I will be sleeping’ and ‘they arrive’.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șနဟစá€șခုကို á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€á€šá€ș
159:41
The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action
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။ အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șသမဏနေသေဏ ဝါကျ၏ အစိတá€șအပိုငá€șှသညá€ș
159:46
that's in progress in the future.
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
159:49
‘I will be sleeping.’
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'ငါ အိပá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș'
159:51
Remember, ‘I will be’ and then verb +ing.
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'I will be' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing ကို သတိရပါ။
159:56
This is the action that is ongoing in the future.
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ဒါက အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șနေတá€Č့ လုပá€șရပá€șပါ။
160:00
Then we see ‘when they arrive’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'သူတို့ရေဏကá€șá€œá€Źá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«' ဟု ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șသညá€ș။
160:03
This is in the present tense.
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ကသညá€șကာှ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șကာလ၌ ဖဌစá€ș၏။
160:05
‘they arrive’
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'သူတို့ရေဏကá€șလာတယá€ș'
160:07
This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.
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ဟူသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€žá€Šá€·á€ș တိုတေဏငá€șသသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
160:14
‘We will be having dinner when the movie starts.’
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€…á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Šá€…á€Źá€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€™á€šá€ș။'
160:18
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
160:21
‘We will be having dinner 
’
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'ငါတို့ á€Šá€…á€Źá€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€™á€šá€ș...'
160:23
That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.
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အá€Čဒါက အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€šá€·á€ș လုပá€șရပá€șပါ။
160:27
And while this is happening, the movie will start.
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á€’á€źá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șနေချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€…á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
160:31
But again, we use the present tense here.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șကာလကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
160:34
‘the movie starts’
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€…á€•á€Œá€ź'
160:36
So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.
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ဒါနá€Č့ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șစတေဏ့မယá€șဆိုရငá€ș ညစာစာှမယá€ș။
160:41
‘Tina is going to be working when you leave.’
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'Tina မငá€șသထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€›á€„á€ș အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
160:44
Remember, we can use ‘be going to be’ in this tense so,
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ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖဌစá€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသနိုငá€șတဏမို့
160:50
‘She is going to be working when you leave.’
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'မငá€șသထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ သူမ အလုပá€șလုပá€șá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
160:53
This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șဆá€Čလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေချိနá€șတလငá€ș ကတိုတေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șလာမညá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
160:59
And finally, ‘It will be raining when you go shopping’.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'မငá€șá€žá€ˆá€±á€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș'။
161:04
Again, this is the ongoing action.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက ဒါက လုပá€șနေတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șပါ။
161:07
And this is the shorter action.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဒါက ပိုတိုတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șပါ။
161:10
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
161:11
Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.
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အခု ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€·á€ș အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံ။
161:16
Here are some examples:
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș-
161:18
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
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'သူသညá€ș အိပá€șရာမဝငá€șမြစာဖတá€șမညá€șမဟုတá€ș'။
161:22
For the negative form, after the subject and ‘will’, we say ‘not be’.
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á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'မဖဌစá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
161:27
And then verb +ing.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing ။
161:30
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
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'သူ အိပá€șရာမဝငá€șခငá€ș စာမဖတá€șဘူှ'
161:33
He'll be doing something else.
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သူ á€á€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုခုလုပá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș။
161:36
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
161:37
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
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'ဥဖေက ပလá€Čá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€Ąá€Źá€žá€•á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
161:41
So this is very similar to the first sentence.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ဒါက á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှနá€Č့ အရမá€șှတူတယá€ș။
161:44
We have the subject, ‘my dad,’
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ဖေဖေ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာ á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
161:47
and instead of ‘will not’ we use the contraction ‘won't’.
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'မလုပá€ș' အစာှ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'မဖဌစá€ș' ကို သုံသပါသညá€ș။
161:51
Remember, ‘won't’ is a contraction for ‘will not’.
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'won't' သညá€ș ' will not' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
161:55
‘My dad won't 
’ and then we have ‘be’ verb +ing.
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'ဥဖေ မဟုတá€șဘူှ
' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing ရဟိတယá€ș။
162:01
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
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'ပလá€Čá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ ဥဖေက á€Ąá€Źá€žá€•á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
162:05
The next sentence says, ‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș အလုပá€șá€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
162:10
Here we have the ‘be going to be’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖဌစá€șမယá€ș' ရဟိတယá€ș။
162:13
So ‘he’ is the subject and so we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'he' ဟာ subject ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' verb 'is' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
162:18
After the ‘be’ verb, we say ‘not’.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။
162:21
He is not going to ‘be’ verb +ing.
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သူသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing မဟုတá€șပါ။
162:26
‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș အလုပá€șá€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
162:30
Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
162:34
‘He isn't going to be working tomorrow.’
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'သူ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș အလုပá€șမလုပá€șတေဏ့ပါ' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
162:37
That's okay as well.
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ဒါလညá€șှ အဆငá€șပဌေပါတယá€ș။
162:39
‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
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'ငါတို့ တနငá€șá€čá€‚á€”á€œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဈေသဝယá€șထလကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
162:58
Here the subject is ‘we’. And so the ‘be’ verb to use is ‘are’.
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162:58
I use the contraction here ‘aren't’ for ‘are not’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။ á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'are' ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'are't' ကို 'are not' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သုံသပါတယá€ș။
162:59
‘We are not 
’ or ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
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162:59
Great job.
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'ငါတို့ မဟုတá€șဘူှ
' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါတို့ တနငá€șá€čá€‚á€”á€œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဈေသဝယá€șထလကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ' မဟာအလုပá€ș။
163:00
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
163:01
Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.
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ယခု အနာဂတá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șသမျဏသ မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
163:07
Take a look at this first sentence.
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á€’á€źá€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
163:10
It says, ‘He will be traveling next month.’
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'သူ နေဏကá€șလ á€á€›á€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
163:14
Now, to turn this into a question,
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ယခု ကဥရဏကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș၊
163:16
all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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သငá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șရမည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
163:20
So ‘He will’ becomes ‘Will he’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'á€žá€°á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș' 'Will he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
163:24
‘Will he be traveling next month?’
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'သူ နေဏကá€șလ á€á€›á€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
163:27
You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.
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ကျနá€șတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€± á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှဘူှဆိုတာ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
163:31
Only the first two words.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Źá‹
163:33
So, ‘Will he be traveling next month?’
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ဒါဆို 'သူ နေဏကá€șလ á€á€›á€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
163:37
To answer you can say, ‘Yes, he will.’
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'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့၊ သူလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«' ဟု ပဌနá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
163:40
or ‘No, he won't.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
163:42
The next sentence says, ‘They are going to be living there.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ဥá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€™á€šá€ș။'
163:47
Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș ပဌနá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
163:54
‘They are’ becomes ‘Are they’.
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'သူတို့' က 'ဟုတá€șလာှ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
163:56
‘Are they going to be living there?’
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'အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€”á€±á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
163:59
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, they are.’
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌနá€șရနá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူတို့က' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
164:03
or ‘No, they aren't.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
164:05
Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,
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ယခု á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș၊
164:08
there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șလာမညá€șကို ပဌသသည့á€șဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€á€­á€Ąá€€á€»á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«
164:14
future.
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။
164:15
There is no ‘next month’ or anything like that.
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'နေဏကá€șလ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ထိုကá€Č့သို့ မညá€șသည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€»á€Ÿ မရဟိပါ။
164:19
In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€Ąá€”á€±á€™á€»á€­á€Żá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș တစá€șချိနá€șချိနá€șတလငá€ș အနာဂတá€șကို ဆိုလိုသညá€ș။
164:23
So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș နေဏငá€șတစá€șချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź သူတို့ဥá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေထိုငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။
164:28
That's what that means.
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အá€Čဒါကို á€†á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€á€Źá€•á€«á‹
164:29
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
164:31
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
164:32
Now, I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future continuous tense.
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အခု၊ အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'WH' မေသခလနá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€”á€Č့ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Č။
164:38
Take a look at the board.
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
164:40
First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the ‘Wh’ words -
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á€•á€‘á€™á€Šá€žá€…á€œá€ŹáŠ ကမေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'Wh' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€ž -
164:45
‘Where,’ ‘What,’ ‘Who,’ and ‘When’.
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'Where' 'What' 'Who' နဟင့á€ș 'When' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
164:49
Let's take a look at the first question.
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ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
164:52
‘Where will he be working?’
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'သူဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
164:55
When we use ‘will be’, we start with ‘Where’ and then ‘will’.
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'will' ကိုသုံသတá€Č့ဥခါ 'Where' နá€Č့ á€…á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'will' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
165:00
After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.
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ထို့နေဏကá€șတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș subject + be နဟင့á€ș verb +ing ရဟိသညá€ș။
165:06
‘Where will he be working?’
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'သူဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
165:08
I can answer by saying,
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'သူလုပá€șမယá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'စကá€șá€›á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șမယá€ș'
165:10
‘He will’ or ‘He'll be working at the factory.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
165:15
The next question says, ‘What will she be watching?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုက 'á€žá€°á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
165:19
This is very similar to the first question.
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ဒါက ပထမမေသခလနá€șှနá€Č့ အရမá€șှတူတယá€ș။
165:22
The only difference is that the subject is now ‘she’ and the verb is different.
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တစá€șခုတညá€șသသေဏ á€á€Œá€Źá€žá€”á€Źá€žá€á€»á€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș ယခု 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ကလá€Čá€•á€Œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
165:28
‘What will she be watching?’
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'သူမ á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
165:30
I can say, ‘She'll be watching’ or ‘She will be watching her favorite tv show’.
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'သူမကဌည့á€șမယá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€žá€°á€™á€Ąá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€źá€—á€źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
165:37
‘Who will they be talking to?’
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'ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
165:40
Again, very similar.
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တဖနá€șá€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șတူသညá€ș။ á€–á€Œá€±á€–á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€á€±á€Źá€·
165:42
To answer,I can say,
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'သူတို့ဥမေနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș'
165:44
‘They will be talking to their mom.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș ။
165:48
The last question has ‘be going to be’.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှက 'ဖဌစá€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
165:51
‘When are we 
’ here the subject is ’we’.
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'ငါတို့ ဘယá€șá€á€±á€Źá€·á€œá€Č...' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
165:55
So we start with the ‘be verb’ – ‘are’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be verb' – 'are' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
165:57
‘When are we going to be meeting Casey?’
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'ငါတို့ ဘယá€șတေဏ့ Casey နá€Č့ á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
166:01
I can say,
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'ငါတို့ ဒြည Casey နá€Č့ တလေ့မယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
166:02
‘We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.’
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á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
166:06
Good job, everybody.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
166:07
Let’s move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
166:09
Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.
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အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż စတငá€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
166:12
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
166:15
It says, ‘They _blank_ at school tomorrow.’
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź သူတို့ _blank_ ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
166:18
I want you to use ‘will' and then the verb ‘study’, for this tense.
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ဒြ tense á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'will' နá€Č့ 'study' ဆိုတá€Č့ verb ကို သုံသစေချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
166:24
Remember, in the future continuous tense,
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အနာဂတá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș
166:27
no matter what the subject, we say ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
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မညá€șသည့á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကိုမဆို 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€Šá€șကို သတိရပါ။
166:33
So the correct answer for this sentence is ‘they will be studying’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူတို့ စဏကျကá€șမယá€ș'
166:40
‘They will be studying at school tomorrow.’
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စဏကျကá€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
166:44
The next sentence says.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက ဆိုတယá€ș။
166:45
‘Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.’
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'Jesse _blank_ နေဏကá€șမဟ á€á€źá€—á€źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€žá€á€…á€șခု လုပá€șမယá€ș။'
166:49
Here, instead of ‘will’ try to use ‘be going to be’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'will' အစာှ 'be going to be' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
166:55
‘Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.’
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'Jesse _blank_ á€á€źá€—á€źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€žá€€á€­á€Ż နေဏကá€șမဟကဌည့á€șမယá€ș။'
166:59
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'watch' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
167:02
So, Jessie is a ‘he’ or it can be a ‘she’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș Jessie ဟာ 'သူ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș။
167:06
Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.
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တခါတရံတလငá€ș ယေဏကá€șá€»á€Źá€žá€œá€±á€ž á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မိနá€șသကလေသတစá€șá€Šá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နာမညá€șကို သုံသသညá€ș။
167:09
Either way I need to use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
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ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș ငါ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ကိုသုံသရမယá€ș။
167:12
‘Jesse is going to be’
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'Jesse is going to be'
167:18
and then we need verb +ing.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing လိုတယá€ș။
167:22
‘Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.’
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'Jesse က နေဏကá€șမဟ á€á€źá€—á€źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတေဏ့မယá€ș'
167:28
The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
167:34
‘We willn’t be studying at the library today.’
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'ငါတို့ဒဟနေ့ á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
167:39
‘We will not 
’
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ...'
167:41
What's the contraction for ‘will not’?
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'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€ ဘာလá€Č။
167:44
Well it definitely isn't ‘willn’t’.
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သေချဏတဏကတေဏ့ 'á€”á€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź' မဟုတá€șဘူှ။
167:48
The contraction is ‘won't’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှသညá€ș 'မဖဌစá€ș' ပါ။
167:51
‘We won't be studying at the library today.’
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'ဒဟနေ့ á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတိုကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာမသငá€șရဘူှ'
167:55
And finally, ‘Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș ငါတို့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေနá€Č့ á€á€œá€±á€·á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
168:01
Remember, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
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'will' နá€Č့ verb +ing လိုတယá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
168:06
So the correct answer is,
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
168:09
‘Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.’
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'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ငါ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș ငါတို့ သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေနá€Č့ á€á€œá€±á€·á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
168:14
Good job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
168:15
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
168:16
Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.
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ယခု၊ အနာဂတá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șဆေသကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
168:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
168:24
It says, ‘He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.’
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'သူ _blank_ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€á€¶á€á€«á€žá€”á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ရဟိတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
168:28
I want you to use ‘will’ and the verb ‘wait’.
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'will' နá€Č့ ' wait ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
168:33
Remember, for this tense, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing,
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing လိုအပá€șသညá€ș၊
168:39
so the correct answer is,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
168:41
‘He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.’
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€« တံခါသဝတလငá€ș သူစေဏင့á€șနေမညá€ș' ကို သတိရပါ။
168:47
The next sentence says, ‘We are not 
’ so this is a negative,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ
' ဆိုတေဏ့ ဒါက
168:52
‘_blank_ the play when he performs’.
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'_blank_ သူဖျေဏá€șဖဌေတá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€‡á€Źá€á€ș' က အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€«á‹
168:55
Here, instead of ‘will’, I want you to use ‘be going to be’ and the verb ‘see’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'will' အစာှ 'be going to be' နá€Č့ 'see' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
169:03
We already have part of that phrase for you.
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သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ထိုစကာှစု၏ အစိတá€șအပိုငá€șှတစá€șခု ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș ရဟိနဟင့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
169:06
‘We are 
’, here's the ‘be’ verb, ‘not’
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'ငါတို့ ' ၊ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'not'
169:09
so this is negative.
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ဆိုတေဏ့ ဒါက á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șပါပá€Č။
169:11
And then we say ‘going to be’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ငါတို့က 'going to be'
169:16
and then verb +ing.
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နá€Č့ verb +ing á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
169:20
‘We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.’
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'သူဖျေဏá€șဖဌေချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șá€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
169:25
Now find the mistake in this sentence.
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ယခု á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
169:28
‘They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.’
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'ပို့ဆေဏငá€șပေသသူ လာလညá€șရငá€ș အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
169:34
‘They won't be’
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€–á€Œá€…á€șဘူှ'
169:35
That's correct in the negative form.
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ဒါ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံနá€Č့ မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
169:38
However, we need verb +ing.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
169:42
‘They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.’
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'ပို့ဆေဏငá€șပေသသူ လာလညá€șတá€Č့ဥခါ အိမá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€”á€±á€€á€Œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
169:47
And finally, ‘Terry is going to working when the manager arrives’.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'Terry မနá€șနေဂျဏရေဏကá€șလာရငá€ș အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș'။
169:53
‘Terry’ is a ‘he’ or ‘she’ so ‘is’ is the correct ‘be’ verb to use.
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'Terry' သညá€ș 'he' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'she' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'is' သညá€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
169:59
‘going to’ that's also correct.
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș' ဒါလညá€șသမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
170:02
What we're missing here is ‘be’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ လလá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€Šá€·á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖဌစá€ș' သညá€ș။
170:06
‘Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.’
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'မနá€șနေဂျဏရေဏကá€șလာရငá€ș တယá€șရြ အလုပá€șလုပá€șတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
170:11
Good job, everybody.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
170:12
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
170:14
Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.
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ယခု၊ သငá€șသညá€ș အနာဂတá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကေဏငá€șá€žá€…á€œá€Ź နာှလညá€șá€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹
170:18
Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဥချိနá€șအနညá€șှငယá€șယူ၍ လေ့ကျင့á€șပါ။
170:24
I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာဟာ ရုနá€șှကနá€șရနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ ငါသိပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့ ငါမငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șပါ။
170:28
And I believe in you.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· မငá€șှကို ငါယုံတယá€ș။
170:29
I'll see you in the next video. 
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
170:39
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
170:40
I’m Esther.
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
170:42
In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနာဂတá€șရá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż မိတá€șဆကá€șá€•á€±á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါတယá€ș။
170:46
This tense is used to express an action in the future
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș တိကျသေဏဥချိနá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș
170:50
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș
170:53
This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it
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။ ဒြ tense က နညá€șှနညá€șှနာှလညá€șရခကá€șပေမယ့á€ș စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့ အá€Čဒါကို လမá€șသညလဟနá€șá€•á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
170:59
so keep watching.
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မို့ ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹ အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż
171:04
The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș တိကျသေဏဥချိနá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș
171:08
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș
171:12
Let's look at some examples.
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။ ငပမဏဥချို့ကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
171:15
The first sentence says,
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
171:16
‘The snow will have stopped by April.’
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'á€§á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș နဟငá€șသမျဏသ ရပá€șတန့á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
171:20
We start with the subject.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
171:22
In this case, ‘The snow’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'နဟငá€șှ'။
171:25
Then, we follow with ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș ' will have' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș participle ဖဌင့á€ș လိုကá€șလုပá€șပါ။
171:31
In this case, we used ‘stopped’ for the verb ‘stop’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'stop' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'stop' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
171:36
At the end of the sentence, you'll notice ‘by April’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€§á€•á€Œá€ź' ကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
171:40
‘by April’ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.
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'á€§á€•á€Œá€ź' တလငá€ș á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șလာမညá€șကို အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌသညá€ș။
171:48
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
171:49
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
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'သူဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ငါသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș သငá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€›á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
171:55
In this sentence,
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ကဝါကျတလငá€ș
171:57
‘By the time he graduates’ or the specific time in the future.
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'သူဘလá€Č့ရသည့á€șဥချိနá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အနာဂတá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€”á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
172:01
comes at the beginning of the sentence
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ဝါကျရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź လာတာ
172:04
so ‘by’ plus ‘a time in the future’
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မို့ 'by' ဥပေါငá€șှ 'a time in the future' က
172:07
can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.
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á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လာနိုငá€șတယá€ș á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź လာနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
172:12
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed
’
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'သူဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź...'
172:16
Again, you see ‘subject + will + have’ and the past participle of the verb.
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တဖနá€ș 'subject + will + have' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá past particip ကို သငá€șတလေ့မဌငá€șရပဌနá€șသညá€ș။
172:22
In this case, ‘completed’.
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ဒါဆိုရငá€ș 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€ź'။
172:25
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
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'သူဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ငါသနဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș စာသငá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။'
172:31
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
172:33
‘Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.’
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'သူမ၏လကá€șသညá€ș á€”á€œá€±á€›á€Źá€žá€źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șအဝ ဥနဏပျေဏကá€șစေလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
172:37
In this example, ‘by the summer’, the future specific time, comes at the end.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ 'á€”á€œá€±á€›á€Źá€žá€źá€›á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€•á€Œá€ź'၊ အနာဂတá€șတိကျသေဏဥချိနá€șသညá€ș á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ရေဏကá€șလာသညá€ș။
172:44
By this time in the future, her ‘arm’, that's the subject, will have ‘healed’,
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ကဥချိနá€ș၌ အနာဂတá€ș၌ မိမိ၏ 'လကá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ဥနဏရေဏဂါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź
172:51
the past participle.
2750
10371600
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အတိတá€ș၏ ဥကျိုသကို ရလိမ့á€șမညá€ș။
172:53
Here I put ‘fully’ just to show how much it will have healed.
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ကတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș မညá€șမျဟ သကá€șသာလာမညá€șကို ပဌသရနá€ș 'á€Ąá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€ș' ရေသထဏသသညá€ș။
172:58
I’m just adding an extra description.
2752
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ဥပိုဖေဏá€șပဌချကá€șတစá€șခု ထပá€șထည့á€șလိုကá€șတဏပါ။
173:02
The last sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
173:03
‘By next month, 
’ so here we see ‘by’ and ‘the time’ at the beginning of the
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'နေဏကá€șá€œá€›á€±á€Źá€€á€șမဟ...' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုထဏသတေဏ့ ဝါကျရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'by' နá€Č့ 'ဥချိနá€ș' á€€á€­á€Żá€á€œá€±á€·á€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«
173:08
sentence.
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။
173:09
‘you’, that's the subject.
2756
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'မငá€șှ' ဒါပá€Č ဘာသာရပá€ș။
173:12
‘will have received’, there's the past participle.
2757
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'လကá€șခံလိမ့á€șမယá€ș'၊ á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá‹
173:15
‘your promotion.’
2758
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960
'မငá€șှရá€Č့ á€•á€›á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှ။'
173:17
Again, ‘By next month you will have received your promotion.’
2759
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တဖနá€ș 'နေဏကá€șလတလငá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș သငá€ș၏ á€•á€›á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှကို ရရဟိလိမ့á€șမညá€ș'
173:22
Let's move on.
2760
10402880
960
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
173:24
Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.
2761
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ကá€Č အနာဂတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
173:29
Here are some examples.
2762
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
173:31
Let's take a look.
2763
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800
ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
173:33
The first sentence says,
2764
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1600
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
173:34
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
2765
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4160
'ဇူလိုငá€șá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź တကá€čကသိုလá€șဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
173:39
First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,
2766
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5680
ပထမ၊ á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ á€„á€«á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
173:46
‘byJuly’.
2767
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880
'ဇူလိုငá€ș' á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သတá€șမဟတá€șထာှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șရဟိတယá€șဆိုတာ ထေဏကá€șပဌချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
173:47
Now for the negative form, what I do is say, ‘subject’ and ‘will not have’,
2768
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အခု á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€„á€«á€œá€Żá€•á€șတá€Č့ဥရဏက 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·
173:55
then we put the past participle of the verb.
2769
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ဥတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
173:58
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
2770
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'ဇူလိုငá€șá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź တကá€čကသိုလá€șဘလá€Čá€·á€›á€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
174:05
The next sentence says,
2771
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
174:06
‘Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...’
2772
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'Ollie နá€Č့ Max က á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€ž...'
174:10
There it is again, ‘will not have’ and then the past participle of speak ...
2773
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș၊ 'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ'၊ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·
174:16
which is ‘spoken’.
2774
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'á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€ź' ဆိုတá€Č့ စကာှရá€Č့ဥတိတá€șပါ၀ငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ ရဟိတယá€ș။
174:17
‘
 before the plane leaves.’
2775
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șမထလကá€șခငá€ș...'
174:20
Here, instead of the word ‘by’, we used ‘before’ to show a specific time in the
2776
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ကတလငá€ș၊ 'by' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€…á€Źá€ž အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€”á€șတစá€șခုကို ပဌသရနá€ș 'ရဟေ့' ကို သုံသပါသညá€ș
174:27
future.
2777
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174:27
That's okay as well.
2778
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1200
။
ဒါလညá€șှ အဆငá€șပဌေပါတယá€ș။
174:30
The next sentence says,
2779
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
174:31
‘You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.’
2780
10471920
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'မငá€șှ ညစာ 6 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မစာှရဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș
174:35
Here, again, we've used ‘by 6 p.m.’ to show a time in the future.
2781
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၊ နေဏကá€șတေဏ့ ဥချိနá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'ညနေ 6 နာရြ' á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
174:41
And again, you see ‘you will not have’ and then the past participle of eat which
2782
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တစá€șဖနá€ș 'မစာှရ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဆလမá€șှ၌
174:48
is ‘eaten’.
2783
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'စာှ' သေဏ အတိတá€șကို မဌငá€ș၏။
174:49
The last sentence says, ‘By noon 
’, there's the time again,
2784
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မလနá€șသတည့á€șမဟ...'၊
174:54
‘I will not have taken off to Japan.’
2785
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'ငါ ဂျပနá€șကို á€™á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Ź
174:58
‘taken’ is the past participle of ‘take’.
2786
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ပဌနá€șတယá€ș ။ 'ယူ' သညá€ș 'ယူ' ၏အတိတá€șအပိုငá€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
175:02
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
175:04
Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.
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ကá€Č၊ အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မေသခလနá€șသတလေ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမလá€Čဆိုတာ ဆကá€șကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
175:09
The first sentence here says,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
175:12
‘You will have gone to work by 10 a.m.’
2790
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'မငá€șှ မနကá€ș 10 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
175:16
To turn this into a question, all we have to
2791
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ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
175:18
do is switch the order of the first two words.
2792
10518800
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
175:22
‘You will’ becomes ‘Will you’.
2793
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'သငá€ș' 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șလာသညá€ș။
175:25
You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.
2794
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ကျနá€șမေသခလနá€șသမျဏသသညá€ș ဝါကျနဟင့á€șတူနေမညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
175:31
‘Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?’
2795
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'မငá€șှ မနကá€ș 10 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€ž'
175:34
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, I will have.’
2796
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ ငါရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' á€Ÿá€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș ပဌနá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
175:38
or ‘No, I will have not.’
2797
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€„á€«á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž'
175:41
The next sentence says, ‘She will have woken up by noon.’
2798
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'နေ့လညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
175:46
Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.
2799
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ကဥရဏကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€›á€Żá€¶á€žá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
175:52
‘She will’ becomes ‘Will she’.
2800
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'သူမ' 'Will She' ဖဌစá€șလာသညá€ș။
175:55
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
2801
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'နေ့လညá€șက á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€ž'
175:58
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
2802
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș ကျနá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș အတူတူပငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
176:02
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
2803
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2080
'နေ့လညá€șက á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€ž'
176:05
To reply, you can say, ‘Yes, she will have.’
2804
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပဌနá€șရနá€ș၊ 'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့၊ သူမရဟိလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
176:09
or ‘No, she will have not.’
2805
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șပါ၊ သူမရဟိမညá€șမဟုတá€șပါ။'
176:12
Let's move on.
2806
10572960
800
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
176:14
Now, I'll talk about how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future perfect tense.
2807
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5200
အခု၊ အနာဂတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'WH' မေသခလနá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမလá€Čဆိုတာ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€•á€«á€™á€šá€ș။
176:20
If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the ‘WH’ word.
2808
10580640
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သငá€șပုနá€șသပေါá€șတလငá€ș á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€€ ကမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုစြသညá€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
176:26
‘Where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘when’.
2809
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'ဘယá€ș'၊ 'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€ș'၊ 'ဘယá€șဥချိနá€ș'။
176:31
Then after each ‘WH’ word comes the word ‘will’.
2810
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'á€Ąá€œá€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž ထလကá€șပေါá€șလာသညá€ș။
176:35
‘Where will’ ‘What will’
2811
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'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č' 'ဘာလုပá€șမလá€Č'
176:37
‘Who will’ and ‘When will’
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'ဘယá€șသူပါလိမ့á€ș' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
176:39
So let's take a look at the first question.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
176:43
‘Where will’
’ then you add ‘the subject’.
2814
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'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'...' ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာ' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
176:46
In this case, ‘you’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သငá€ș'။
176:48
And then, ‘have’ and after that the past participle of the verb.
2816
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș ' have ' နဟင့á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá past participle ၊
176:54
In this case, it's ‘traveled’.
2817
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș 'ခရြှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
176:56
‘Where will you have traveled by December?’
2818
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'ဒြဇငá€șá€˜á€Źá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘယá€șကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
177:00
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.’
2819
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဂျဏမနဟနá€Č့ ဒိနá€șှမတá€șကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
177:05
There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.
2820
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€á€»á€±á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊ ဒါက ငပမဏတစá€șá€á€Żá€žá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
177:10
The next question says, ‘What will they have done 
’
2821
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ 'á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Żá€•á€șကဌမလá€Č...'
177:14
‘done’ is the past participle of ‘do’.
2822
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဆိုတာက 'လုပá€șတယá€ș' ရá€Č့ဥတိတá€șအပိုငá€șသပါ။
177:16
‘
 by the end of the evening?’
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'ညနေကုနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž?'
177:19
I can answer by saying, ‘They will have done their homework.’
2824
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'သူတို့ အိမá€șá€…á€Źá€á€œá€± á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
177:24
The next question says, ‘Who will she have interviewed by 5 p.m.?’
2825
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'ညနေ ၅ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘယá€șသူက အငá€șá€á€Źá€—á€»á€°á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
177:30
Again, ‘who will’ + the subject ‘have’ and the past participle of the verb.
2826
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တဖနá€ș 'မညá€șသူ' + ဘာသာရပá€ș ' have' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá‹
177:37
I can answer this question by saying,
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á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှကို
177:39
‘She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.’
2828
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'á€†á€›á€Źá€™á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ညနေ 5 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အငá€șá€á€Źá€—á€»á€°á€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
177:43
And finally, ‘When will they have started to learn?’
2829
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူတို့ ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șá€…á€•á€Œá€źá€ž သငá€șá€šá€°á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
177:47
One way to answer this question is to say,
2830
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á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။ ကမေသခလနá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€șနညá€șှလမá€șှတစá€șခု
177:50
‘They will have started to learn in January.’
2831
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á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဇနá€șá€”á€á€«á€›á€źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș စတငá€șသငá€șယူနိုငá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș
177:54
Let's move on.
2832
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။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
177:56
Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.
2833
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အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ á€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż စတငá€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
177:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
2834
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
178:02
It says, ‘We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.’
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အá€Čဒါက 'ငါတို့ _ အá€Čဒြစာအုပá€șကို မနကá€șဖဌနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လလတá€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
178:06
The verb to use is ‘read’.
2836
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သုံသရမည့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဖတá€ș' သညá€ș။
178:10
Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,
2837
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အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șကာ
178:14
and we have that here, ‘we’.
2838
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ငါတို့' ရဟိသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
178:17
Then say, ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
2839
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'ရဟိမညá€ș' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á‹
178:22
So here we need to say ‘will have’.
2840
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
178:26
What is the past participle of ‘read’?
2841
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'ဖတá€ș' ၏အတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှကဘာလá€Č။
178:30
The correct answer is ‘read’.
2842
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဖတá€ș'။
178:35
They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.
2843
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á€…á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€±á€«á€„á€șသတူသေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€¶á€‘á€œá€€á€ș မတူပါ။
178:39
‘We will have read that book by tomorrow.’
2844
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'ငါတို့ ဒြစာအုပá€șကို မနကá€șဖဌနá€șမဟ ဖတá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။'
178:43
The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ the video by bedtime.’
2845
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'She _blank_ အိပá€șရာဝငá€șချိနá€șက ဗဟဒဟယိုပါ' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
178:49
Here we have ‘not’ so I want you to try the negative form.
2846
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ' ဆိုတေဏ့ မငá€șှကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
178:53
And the verb to try is ‘watch’.
2847
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á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€›á€”á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
178:58
In the negative form, we start with the subject.
2848
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
179:01
And instead of ‘will have’, we say ‘will not have’.
2849
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'ရဟိမညá€ș' အစာှ 'မရဟိ' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
179:06
‘She will not have 
’ Then we need the past participle of the verb.
2850
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'á€žá€°á€™á€™á€Ÿá€Źâ€Š' ထို့နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
179:14
In this case, it is ‘watched’.
2851
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș 'စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€ș' သညá€ș။
179:17
‘She will not have watched the video by bedtime.’
2852
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'အိပá€șရာဝငá€șချိနá€șက ဗြဒြယိုကို သူမ မကဌည့á€șဖဌစá€șဘူှ။'
179:22
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
179:27
‘Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.’
2854
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'ရိုငá€șယနá€șက á€”á€œá€±á€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
179:32
This is the negative form because we have ‘will not have’.
2855
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရဟိမညá€șမဟုတá€ș' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
179:36
That's correct.
2856
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အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
179:37
But we need the past participle of ‘be’.
2857
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'be' ရá€Č့ဥတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
179:41
So we need to change it to ‘been’.
2858
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အá€Čဒါကို 'ဖဌစá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရမယá€ș။
179:45
‘Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.’
2859
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'ရိုငá€șယနá€șက á€”á€œá€±á€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż မရေဏကá€șဖဌစá€șဘူှ။'
179:49
The last sentence says, ‘I will have go to school by 8 30 a.m.’
2860
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မနကá€ș ၈ှ၃၀ á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
179:56
Here, we have the affirmative, ‘will have’.
2861
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အခိုငá€șအမာ ဆိုထဏသပါတယá€ș၊
179:59
But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of ‘go’ which is ‘gone’.
2862
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဖဌစá€șတá€Č့ 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ရá€Č့ဥတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှကို á€™á€±á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
180:06
‘I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.’
2863
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'မနကá€ș 8 30 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șမယá€ș'
180:11
Great job, everybody.
2864
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ကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Č၊
180:12
Let's move on.
2865
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
180:14
Good job, guys.
2866
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș၊
180:15
Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.
2867
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ယခုသငá€șသညá€ș အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကေဏငá€șá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€”á€Źá€žá€œá€Šá€șá€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá‹
180:19
I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.
2868
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ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž လေ့ကျင့á€șစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
180:23
I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you
2869
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€á€Ź ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပေမယ့á€ș မငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€šá€Żá€¶á€€á€Œá€Šá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
180:27
and I will guide you through it.
2870
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အá€Čဒါကို လမá€șသညလဟနá€șပေသလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။
180:29
I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody.
2871
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။ မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
180:40
I’m Esther.
2872
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ငါက Esther ပါ။
180:42
Welcome to the last tense.
2873
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
180:44
If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,
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အကယá€ș၍ သငá€șသညá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏ ဥစေဏပိုငá€șှ ဗဟဒဟယိုမျဏသကို ဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€„á€șှ မစစá€șဆေသရသေသပါက၊
180:48
please go check them out now.
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၎ငá€șသတို့ကို á€šá€á€Żá€‘á€œá€€á€șကဌည့á€șကဌည့á€șပါ။
180:50
In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနာဂတá€șရá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€á€»á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
180:55
This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ကို အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș သတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șအတိုငá€șှအတာတစá€șခုအထိ ဆကá€șလကá€șတညá€șတံ့မည့á€ș
180:59
or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.
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လကá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€Ąá€”á€±á€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌရနá€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
181:04
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€™á€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါ။
181:11
The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation
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အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż အာှ အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဥချိနá€șအတိုငá€șှအတာတစá€șခုအထိ ဥချိနá€șအတိုငá€șှအတာတစá€șခုအထိ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Šá€·á€ș
181:17
that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.
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လကá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€Ąá€”á€±á€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș ။
181:24
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
181:26
The first sentence says,
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ပထမဝါကျတလငá€ș
181:28
‘She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.’
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'သူမသညá€ș အိုငá€șယာလနá€șတလငá€ș ၁၀ နဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș နေထိုငá€șရလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
181:33
So no matter what the subject, in this case we have ‘she’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș၊ á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'she' ရဟိတယá€ș၊
181:38
we follow with ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
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'will have' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနေပါတယá€ș။
181:43
So, ‘She will have been living in Ireland 
’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမသညá€ș အိုငá€șယာလနá€șတလငá€ș နေထိုငá€șလိမ့á€șမညá€ș...'
181:47
Then this sentence has the duration.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șရဟိသညá€ș။
181:51
What period of time will this last? ‘for 10 years’
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ကဥချိနá€șကာလသညá€ș အဘယá€șဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€–á€Œá€…á€șမညá€șနညá€șှ။ '10 နဟစá€ș'
181:56
And when?
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နá€Č့ ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șလá€Č။
181:57
Remember, we need a point in time in the future.
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အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဥချိနá€șမြ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șရရနá€ș လိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
182:01
In this case, we just use a general expression, ‘at that point’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€šá€±á€˜á€°á€šá€»á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șသဖဌစá€șသေဏ 'ထိုဥချကá€ș' ကိုသာ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
182:06
Here, it's not specific and that's okay.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș á€Ąá€á€­á€Ąá€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șပါ၊ အဆငá€șပဌေပါသညá€ș။
182:09
We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șဝါကျတလငá€ș á€žá€źá€žá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€›á€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș။
182:13
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
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'သနá€șသခေါငá€șကျေဏá€șရငá€ș á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș အိပá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။'
182:18
Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș သတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏဥချိနá€șသညá€ș á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș ရေဏကá€șလာသညá€ș။
182:24
‘By midnight’ And, again, we see ‘will have been’ +
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'By midnight' နဟင့á€ș ' will have been' + verb 'ing' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ
182:28
verb 'ing'.
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တလေ့ရပဌနá€șသညá€ș
182:30
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’.
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။ 'သနá€șသခေါငá€șကျေဏá€șရငá€ș á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș အိပá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။'
182:34
Here we have ‘for four hours’.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€ź' ရဟိတယá€ș။
182:36
This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Œá€„á€·á€șချိနá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Šá€șကို ပဌသသညá€ș ။
182:42
So, again, ‘By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș တစá€șဖနá€ș 'သနá€șသခေါငá€șá€šá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș အိပá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
182:48
The last sentence says, ‘In June 
’
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဇလနá€șá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Źâ€Š' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș
182:51
Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.
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၊ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· ဝါကျရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနာဂတá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တိကျတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șရဟိတယá€ș။
182:58
‘In June, ‘we’ that's the subject.
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'ဇလနá€ș' á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ' က အá€Čá€’á€źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Č။
183:01
‘we'll have been studying 
’ There's the ‘verb +ing’.
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'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€™á€šá€ș...' 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' ရဟိတယá€ș။
183:04
‘
 at this university for four years.’
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'... ဒြတကá€čကသိုလá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လေသနဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
183:08
Here is the duration, ‘for four years’.
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ကတလငá€ș 'လေသနဟစá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
183:12
Good job.
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183:12
And let's move on.
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တေဏá€șတယá€ș။
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
183:14
Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.
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ကá€Č၊ အနာဂတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
183:20
In the affirmative form, we say ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
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အတညá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' + 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမညá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' ဟု á€†á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€žá€Šá€ș။
183:27
In the negative form, however, we say, ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€șမူ 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' + 'ဖဌစá€șမညá€șမဟုတá€ș'
183:32
and then ‘verb +ing’.
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နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' ဟု á€†á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€žá€Šá€ș။
183:34
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
183:37
The first sentence here says,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
183:39
‘At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.’
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'ထိုဥချိနá€ș၌ ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș စပိနá€șတလငá€ș ၁၀ နဟစá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€‘á€­á€Żá€„á€șနေမညá€șမဟုတá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
183:44
And so you see it.
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အá€Čဒါကို မဌငá€șတယá€ș။
183:46
‘I’ is the subject.
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'ငါ' သညá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
183:47
‘
 will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
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'
 will not been' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing'။
183:52
In this case, ‘living’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'အသကá€șရဟငá€șခဌငá€șှ'။
183:55
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
183:57
‘He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.’
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'သူသညá€ș သနá€șသခေါငá€șယံတလငá€ș á€œá€±á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€»á€Ÿ မအိပá€șရ' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
184:01
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’,
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' + 'ဖဌစá€șမညá€șမဟုတá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing'၊
184:07
‘sleeping’.
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'အိပá€ș' ကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șရသညá€ș။
184:09
The last sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
184:11
‘By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.’
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'အá€Čဒဟဥချိနá€șကျရငá€ș ငါတို့ ဒြတကá€čကသိုလá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
184:17
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘we will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ 'ဘာသာရပá€ș' + 'ငါတို့ မဖဌစá€șဖူှ' နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing'
184:23
here, ‘studying’.
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၊ 'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€žá€Šá€ș' ကို á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș တလေ့သညá€ș။
184:25
Let's move on.
2930
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
184:26
Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.
2931
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ယခု á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș အနာဂတá€șမေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
184:33
Here, the sentence says,
2932
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ကတလငá€ș၊
184:35
‘Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.’
2933
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'Sean သညá€ș ဒြဇငá€șá€˜á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Šá€ș' ဟု ဆိုထာှသညá€ș။
184:39
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two
2934
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၎ငá€șှကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șရမည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပထမ
184:45
words.
2935
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á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
184:46
So instead of ‘Sean will’, I can say ‘Will Sean’.
2936
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'Sean will' အစာှ 'Will Sean' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
184:50
‘Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?’
2937
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'Sean ဟာ ဒြဇငá€șá€˜á€Źá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź တစá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
184:55
You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.
2938
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ကျနá€șတá€Č့ဝါကျတလေက အတူတူပá€Čဆိုတာ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
184:59
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, he will have.’
2939
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
185:03
or ‘No, he will have not.’
2940
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€›á€Ÿá€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
185:06
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
185:08
‘They will have been working there for three months by that time.’
2942
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'အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
185:12
Again, I changed the order of the first two words.
2943
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခá€Č့သညá€ș။
185:16
To turn this into a question ‘They will’ becomes ‘Will they’.
2944
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ဒါကို 'They will' ဆိုတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့ 'Will they' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
185:21
‘Will they have been working there for three months by that time?’
2945
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'အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
185:26
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
2946
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș ကျနá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș အတူတူပငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
185:31
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they will have.’
2947
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
185:34
or ‘No, they will have not.’
2948
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
185:38
Let's move on.
2949
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
185:39
Now let's take a look at how to form ‘WH” questions in the future perfect continuous
2950
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ယခု အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż တလငá€ș 'WH' မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသ မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
185:45
tense.
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။
185:46
Take a look at the board.
2952
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
185:48
All of these questions begin with a ‘WH’ word.
2953
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ကမေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
185:52
‘where’ ‘what’
2954
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'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č' 'ဘာ'
185:54
‘who’ and ‘how long’
2955
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'ဘယá€șသူ' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€œá€Č' ဆိုတá€Č့
185:56
Take a look at the first question.
2956
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ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
185:59
‘Where will you have been walking?’
2957
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'မငá€șှဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
186:02
To form a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, then ‘will’.
2958
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'WH' မေသခလနá€șှကို ဖလá€Č့ရနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'WH' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'လိမ့á€șမညá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
186:09
After that, we add the subject, ‘you’, ‘they’, ‘she’ and ‘you’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'သငá€ș'၊ 'သူတို့'၊ 'သူမ' နဟင့á€ș 'သငá€ș' တို့ကို ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€ș။
186:15
After that, we add ‘have been’ + ‘verb +ing’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'have' + 'verb +ing' ကို ထည့á€șပါမယá€ș။
186:20
‘Where will you have been walking?’
2961
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'မငá€șှဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
186:24
‘What will they have been playing?’
2962
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'သူတို့ á€˜á€Źá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
186:27
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
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'သူမက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
186:30
and ‘How long will you have been working 
?’
2964
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'မငá€șှ အလုပá€șလုပá€șတာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Č...?'
186:34
There's the ‘verb +ing’.
2965
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'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' ရဟိတယá€ș။
186:35
‘ 
 there by the time you finish?’
2966
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' ... မငá€șှ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ ဥချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ?'
186:39
So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.
2967
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ဒဟတေဏ့ နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș ဆကá€șကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€±á€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ ပဌပါမယá€ș။
186:45
‘Where will you have been walking?’
2968
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'မငá€șှဘယá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
186:47
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have been walking in the park.’
2969
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'ငါ ပနá€șသခဌံထá€Čá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လမá€șá€žá€œá€»á€Ÿá€±á€Źá€€á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
186:53
‘What will they have been playing?’
2970
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'သူတို့ á€˜á€Źá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
186:56
‘They will have been playing video games.’
2971
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'သူတို့က ဗြဒြယိုဂိမá€șသတလေ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€€á€Œá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။'
187:00
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
2972
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'သူမက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č'
187:03
‘She will have been talking to her cousin.’
2973
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'သူမက သူ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။'
187:06
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့
187:08
‘How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?’
2975
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'မငá€șှ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ မငá€șှအá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Č။'
187:12
‘By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.’
2976
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'ငါ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ ငါဥá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șနေတဏ ငါသနဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
187:18
Let's move on.
2977
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
187:19
Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.
2978
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အနာဂတá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż စတငá€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
187:23
Take a look at the board.
2979
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ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
187:25
The first sentence says,
2980
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
187:27
‘By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.’
2981
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'ည ၁၀ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါ _blank_ အá€Čဒြဂိမá€șှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
187:32
I’m looking to use the verb ‘play’.
2982
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'play' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€­á€Żá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
187:36
Remember, in this tense, we need to have ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
2983
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ဒြ tense á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'subject' + 'will have' နá€Č့ 'verb +ing' á€›á€Ÿá€­á€–á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
187:44
So ‘By 10 p.m., I will have been playing 
’
2984
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'ည ၁၀ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါကစဏသမယá€ș
'
187:50
Again, we need ‘verb +ing’.
2985
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခါ 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' လိုတယá€ș။
187:52
‘
 I will have been playing that game for three hours.
2986
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'... ငါ ဒြဂိမá€șှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș ကစာှမယá€ș။
187:57
The next sentence says,
2987
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
187:58
‘When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.’
2988
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'သူဒဟကိုရေဏကá€șရငá€ș တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ညစာစာှတယá€ș။'
188:03
Try to use the verb ‘cook’.
2989
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€ș' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
188:07
Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.
2990
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čပါဘူသ။
188:11
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking 
’
2991
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'သူဒဟကိုရေဏကá€șရငá€ș ဟငá€șသချကá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș...'
188:21
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.’
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'ဒဟကိုရေဏကá€șရငá€ș တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș ညစာ ချကá€șရလိမ့á€șမယá€ș'
188:26
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
188:32
‘Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.’
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'စတိဗá€șနá€Č့ ဂျနá€șတို့ ရေဏကá€șလာတá€Č့ဥခါ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș စေဏင့á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
188:38
Here, we have a negative form, ‘they will not have’.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șသည့á€șပုံစံ၊ 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș' မဟုတá€șပါ။
188:43
Then we need ‘been’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' ရမယá€ș။
188:47
‘They will not have been 
’
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'သူတို့ မဖဌစá€șဖူှဘူှ
'
188:50
And then the ‘verb +ing’ is here so that's correct.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' က á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€· မဟနá€șပါတယá€ș။
188:54
‘Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.’
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'စတိဗá€șနá€Č့ ဂျနá€șတို့ ရေဏကá€șလာတá€Č့ဥခါ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș စေဏင့á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
188:59
The last sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
189:01
‘It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.’
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'ဇနá€șá€”á€á€«á€›á€źá€œ ၁၅ ရကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șဖဌစá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ၁၀ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
189:06
So maybe here I’m talking about a computer or a TV.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကလနá€șပျူတဏ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€á€źá€—á€źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Ź ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
189:10
Maybe some kind of machine.
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စကá€șတစá€șá€™á€»á€­á€Żá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
189:12
‘it’ ‘It will have been 
’
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'အá€Čဒါ' 'ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမယá€ș...'
189:16
I see the mistake here.
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€á€šá€ș။
189:17
We need ‘verb +ing’.
3006
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'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź +ing' လိုတယá€ș။
189:22
‘It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.
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‘‘ဇနá€șá€”á€á€«á€›á€ź ၁၅ ရကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șလာတာ ၁၀ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá‹
189:27
Great job, everybody.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
189:29
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
189:30
Thank you so much for watching this  course on the twelve English tenses. 
3010
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ ဆယ့á€șနဟစá€șတနá€șှ ဒြသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€±á€žá€‡á€°á€žá€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
189:35
Now, you have a better understanding  of how to use these tenses. 
3011
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ယခု၊ က tenses မျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို ကေဏငá€șá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€”á€Źá€žá€œá€Šá€șá€œá€Źá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
189:39
I know studying English can be hard, but  with time and practice, you will get better. 
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€á€Ź ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပေမယ့á€ș ဥချိနá€șနá€Č့ လေ့ကျင့á€șရငá€ș ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
189:45
Please watch my other videos. And I’ll see you next time. 
3013
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á€€á€»á€±á€žá€‡á€°á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹ နေဏကá€șတစá€șခါတလေ့မယá€ș။
189:48
Bye.
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အá€Č့ဒဟတေဏ့
ကဝဘá€șဆိုဒá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ

ကဆိုကá€șသညá€ș သင့á€șအာှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€”á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€„á€șသေဏ YouTube á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။ ကမá€čဘာတစá€șဝဟမá€șသမဟ ထိပá€șတနá€șသဆရဏမျဏသ သငá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€•á€±á€žá€žá€±á€Ź အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာသငá€șခနá€șသစဏမျဏသကို သငá€șတလေ့မဌငá€șရပါမညá€ș။ ဗဟဒဟယိုစဏမျကá€șá€”á€Ÿá€Źá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€…á€źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Œá€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€·á€ș အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာတနá€șသထိုသမျဏသကို နဟစá€șချကá€șနဟိပá€șပါ။ စာတနá€șသထိုသမျဏသသညá€ș á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€”á€șဖလင့á€șခဌငá€șသနဟင့á€șအတူ ထပá€șá€á€°á€•á€Œá€Żá လဟိမ့á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။ သင့á€șတလငá€ș မဟတá€șချကá€șမျဏသ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș တေဏငá€șá€žá€†á€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€€ ကဆကá€șသလယá€șရနá€șပုံစံကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ထံ ဆကá€șသလယá€șပါ။

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