PAST PRESENT FUTURE | 12 English Tenses | Learn English Grammar Course

3,356,558 views ใƒป 2021-10-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
Iโ€™m Esther. Welcome to myย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
English grammar course on the tenses. Iโ€™m going to teach you how to use the twelveย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜
00:08
tenses in the past, present, and future. Itโ€™s a great course, and thereโ€™s a lot ofย ย 
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12์‹œ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์ด๊ณ , ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:14
important information. So keep watching.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:22
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:23
My name is Esther.
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๋‚ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ ๋‚˜์š”.
00:30
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ,
00:33
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:47
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
The first usage is pretty easy.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง„์‹ค, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Let's look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
โ€˜The Sun is bright.โ€™
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'ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ๋‹ค.'
01:02
Now that's a fact.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
It doesn't change.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
It was bright yesterday.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
It's bright today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ์€ ๋ฐ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
That makes it a fact.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
โ€˜Pigs don't fly.โ€™
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'๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.'
01:16
That's also a fact.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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๋ผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
01:22
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.'
01:24
Now this you may not agree with.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
This is my truth.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
And finally, โ€˜It's cold in winter.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ฒจ์šธ์€ ์ถฅ๋‹ค.'
01:36
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰
01:41
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒจ์šธ์€ ์ถฅ๊ธฐ
01:44
so that's the truth for some people.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
For the first sentence, we have โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'is'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™ to talk about the Sun.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - โ€˜do notโ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” do์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ธ 'do not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ 'don't'๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.'
02:16
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "are" to talk about cats because โ€˜catsโ€™ is plural.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 'cats'๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ถฅ๊ณ  ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Here I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "is" again,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:28
but I use the contraction to combine โ€˜itโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™
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'it'๊ณผ 'is'๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'it's'๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ
02:33
and made โ€˜itโ€™sโ€™.
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์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:35
Let's move on to the next usage.
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™.
02:46
Letโ€™s look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
โ€˜I always eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •์˜ค์— ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:51
You'll notice I use the adverb โ€˜alwaysโ€™ because I'm talking about something that I
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€
02:56
do regularly.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'ํ•ญ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
What is that?
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์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์—์š”?
02:58
โ€˜Eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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'์ •์˜ค์— ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ผ.'
03:00
So I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And here I use the verb โ€˜eatโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
โ€˜I eatโ€ฆโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค...'
03:07
The second example says you play games every day.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งค์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:16
It's โ€˜every dayโ€™.
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'๋งค์ผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:21
so you play games.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:23
The verb here is โ€˜playโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋†€์ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
โ€˜You playโ€ฆโ€™
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'You play...'
03:28
The next example says โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Seth๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
โ€˜Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.โ€™ every day.
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'์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค'.
03:40
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the โ€˜sโ€™ in โ€˜startsโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '์‹œ์ž‘'์˜ 's' ์•„๋ž˜์— ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Can you figure out why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:47
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:52
we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:59
Seth is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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Seth๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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'์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:07
And the last example: โ€˜They study English every Monday.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:12
Again, โ€˜every Mondayโ€™ means that they do it regularly,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๋งค์ฃผ ์›”์š”์ผ'์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:16
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
โ€˜They studyโ€ฆโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹คโ€ฆ'.
04:21
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
04:24
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:29
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:30
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์† ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
These are verbs that weย  don't use in the continuousย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
04:38
form,
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04:38
even if they're happening right now.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:41
They're also called stative verbs.
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. ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜๊ฒฌ, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ค๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Let's look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
โ€˜I love my mom.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘.'
04:53
The verb here is โ€˜loveโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
โ€˜It smells good.โ€™
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'๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ์ข‹๋‹ค.'
05:02
โ€˜Smellโ€™ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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'๋ƒ„์ƒˆ'๋Š” ์˜ค๊ฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
You'll notice I underlined the โ€˜sโ€™ because remember the subject is โ€˜itโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'it'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 's'์— ๋ฐ‘์ค„์„ ๊ทธ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
โ€˜Kelly feels happy.โ€™
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'์ผˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์š”.'
05:16
This is talking about a feeling.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Again the subject here is โ€˜Kellyโ€™ which is a โ€˜sheโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ธ 'Kelly'
05:22
so I added an โ€˜sโ€™ to the verb.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
And finally, โ€˜They need help.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:29
We don't say, โ€˜they are needing helpโ€™ even though it's happening right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
โ€˜Needโ€™ is non-continuous, so we say, โ€˜they need helpโ€™,
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'Need'๋Š” ๋น„์—ฐ์†ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:37
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜๊ฒฌ, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์˜ค๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด
05:43
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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๋น„์—ฐ์† ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:48
Let's move on.
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ํ™”์ž๋“ค์€
05:49
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
in the near future.
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.
05:56
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:01
we're using the present simple tense.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Let's look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
โ€˜I have class at 6 p.m.โ€™
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'์ € ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜์—… ์žˆ์–ด์š”'
06:16
โ€˜6 p.m.โ€™ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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'์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ' ๊ฝค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ '์ˆ˜์—… ์žˆ์–ด์š”'
06:20
'I have class.'
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
06:21
- the present simple tense.
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. - ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ.
06:24
โ€˜Lisa arrives on Sunday.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์š”.'
06:26
Again the near future, โ€˜Sundayโ€™.
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๋˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜, '์ผ์š”์ผ'.
06:29
So I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
I added an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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get์˜ ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ Lisa๊ฐ€ 'she'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
โ€˜We start work soon.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:42
Again, the near future, โ€˜soonโ€™,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ '๊ณง'
06:45
so I use the present simple verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋™์‚ฌ 'start'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And finally, โ€˜My students come tomorrow.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:52
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ
06:56
so I use the verb โ€˜comeโ€™.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '์˜ค๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
07:04
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:08
Let's go to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:15
and that is โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'์™€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
The first example says, โ€˜Mike eats bread.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Mike๊ฐ€ ๋นต์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
I put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜eatโ€™ because the subject is Mike which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ธ Mike์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'eat' ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Now that's not a negative statement.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
07:34
Well I change it like this - โ€˜Mike doesn't eat bread.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:38
So you'll notice that I didn't move the โ€˜sโ€™ here, okay.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 's'๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Instead I added โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— '์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
I took โ€˜doesโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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'does'์™€ 'not'์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ 'does''๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
07:51
and making it โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:53
So if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she' ๋˜๋Š” 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:57
we use โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ to make it negative.
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'does not' ๋˜๋Š” 'does't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
โ€˜You swim well.โ€™
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'์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜.'
08:04
In this case, I don't need to put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜swimโ€™ because the subject
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'you'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'swim' ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
is โ€˜youโ€™.
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.
08:09
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'don't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
โ€˜You don't swim well.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.'
08:17
I use the contraction for โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 'do'์™€ 'not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
I combine them to make โ€˜don'tโ€™,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ 'don't'๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:23
so if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด '
08:27
we use โ€˜do notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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do not', 'don't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
So to review โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™ and โ€˜doesn'tโ€™
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'๊ณผ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'๊ณผ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š”
08:36
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
tense.
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.
08:41
Let's continue on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:43
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
and that is by using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
So let's look at the example, โ€˜They live here.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
That's not a question, right?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
08:57
'They live hereโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ
08:58
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
All I have to do is add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'do'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋์— ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
โ€˜Do they live here?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
09:10
So if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
09:14
simply add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning of the question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ์•ž์— 'do'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
How about this one, โ€˜He plays soccer.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
09:22
In this statement, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why you should know by now,
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์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
I have an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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'play' ๋์— 's'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
However, to turn this into a question, I add โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'does'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
โ€˜Does he play soccer?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
09:39
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of play.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ 's'๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Instead I just used โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
so for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, put โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'he', 'she' ๋˜๋Š” 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
09:52
and don't worry about putting an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ at the end of the verb.
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's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋.
09:57
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
10:04
using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Alright let's move on.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
10:08
Let's start with the first checkup.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ๊ฒ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Remember โ€˜beโ€™ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be โ€˜isโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™, or โ€˜areโ€™.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is', 'am' ๋˜๋Š” 'are'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:24
It says, โ€˜She _ blank _ at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” _ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜sheโ€™?
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'she'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:34
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
10:39
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:42
correct answer would be โ€˜she isn'tโ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
10:44
or โ€˜she is notโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
That's correct as well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
And if we want to use a contraction for โ€˜she isโ€™, we can say โ€˜she's at schoolโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'she is'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'she's at school'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
For the next one, it says, โ€˜They _ blank _ twenty years old.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ _ 20์„ธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜theyโ€™?
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'๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
11:08
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
11:15
For the negative, you can also use โ€˜aren'tโ€™ or โ€˜are notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—๋Š” 'aren't' ๋˜๋Š” 'are not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Also if you want to use the contraction for โ€˜they areโ€™, you can say,
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๋˜ํ•œ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:25
โ€˜They're 20 years old.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 20์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
The next sentence says, โ€˜His father _ blank_ busy.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_๋ฐ”๋น '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜his fatherโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜his fatherโ€™?
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'๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:42
The correct answer is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ด๋‹ค.
11:44
Remember for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:51
For the negative, we can say โ€˜isn'tโ€™ or โ€˜is notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
And for a contraction, for โ€˜fatherโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™, we can say, โ€˜His father's busy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์ธ 'father'์™€ 'is'๋Š” '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
โ€˜We isn't good friends.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
12:14
Did you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
12:18
This is the mistake.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™ and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Therefore, the correct answer is โ€˜we are notโ€™,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค',
12:28
or the contraction, โ€˜we aren't good friends.โ€™
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ํ˜น์€ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
12:36
The next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
12:38
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:40
โ€˜Are John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
12:43
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:47
The subject is โ€˜Johnโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์กด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And โ€˜Johnโ€™, the subject pronoun is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'John', ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Therefore, we don't use โ€˜areโ€™, we use โ€˜isโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
13:02
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
13:04
And finally, โ€˜It am a puppy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.'
13:08
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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ํ  ์ด๊ฑด ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ค์š”.
13:11
The subject here is โ€˜itโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'it'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜itโ€™?
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'it'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
13:16
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
13:19
So we don't say, โ€˜It am a puppy,โ€™ we say, โ€˜It is a puppy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
Great job guys.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
13:26
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:33
tense.
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.
13:34
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:36
โ€˜He __ blank __ โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of the verb, โ€˜like his dinnerโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __ ...', '๊ทธ์˜ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
What do we do to the verb when the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
13:47
Remember we add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:49
โ€˜He likes his dinner.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.'
13:53
For the negative, you can also say, โ€˜He doesn't like his dinner.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
The next sentence says, โ€˜My students __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of โ€˜needโ€™,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __
14:04
โ€˜โ€ฆbooksโ€™.
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โ€ฆ
14:06
What is the subject pronoun for โ€˜my studentsโ€™?
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'๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ'์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:10
The correct answer is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
14:13
If the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™, in the present simple tense,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:18
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
So the correct answer is, โ€˜My students need books.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
14:28
Now for the negative, you can say, โ€˜My students don't need books.โ€™
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ '๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
The next sentence says, โ€˜I __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, think of the verb,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'I __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __โ€ฆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ
14:38
โ€˜โ€ฆlive in London.โ€™
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'โ€ฆlive in London'์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:41
What do we do here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
14:43
Again the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, therefore we don't change the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
The correct answer is, โ€˜I live in London.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
14:53
What's the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:55
โ€˜I don't live in London.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
14:58
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
โ€˜He doesn't likes math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
15:07
What's the error here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:09
Well this is a negative.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
โ€˜He doesn'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€โ€ฆ', ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
However, we do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ when we have โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ in front of โ€˜itโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'it' ์•ž์— 'does't'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
โ€˜Do he eat candy?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?'
15:24
Here we have a question.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
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'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋Š” 'do'๊ฐ€
15:36
we use โ€˜doesโ€™ not โ€˜doโ€™.
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์•„๋‹Œ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
So the correct answer is, โ€˜Does he eat candy?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
And finally, โ€˜Sam is play computer games.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ƒ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
15:49
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the โ€˜isโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 'is'๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
So take that out and say, โ€˜Sam plays computer games.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ '์ƒ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:07
Add an โ€˜sโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Samโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ'์ธ 'Sam'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:12
Great job!
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด!
16:13
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:15
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฃจํ‹ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:25
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๋Š”
16:27
โ€˜We _ blank _ the bus every day.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:31
And I want you to use the verb โ€˜takeโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'take'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Here we see the clue word โ€˜every dayโ€™ which shows that this is a routine.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ์ธ '๋งค์ผ'์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜weโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
In the present simple tense,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
16:44
remember if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด
16:50
we do not change the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:52
Therefore the correct answer is, โ€˜We take the bus every day.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
16:59
In the second sentence it says, โ€˜He _ blank _ to school every morning.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ _ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•œ _ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
Again a routine.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์ƒ.
17:08
The subject here is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
What do we do if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
17:14
We add โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
In this example, the verb is โ€˜goโ€™, so we have to add โ€˜esโ€™.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 'go'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
โ€˜He goes to school every morning.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์š”.'
17:29
In the next sentence, it says, โ€˜Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'Lizzy๋Š” (๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์—) ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
Lizzy is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋‹ค.
17:41
The subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™ so what do we do for the negative?
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'์ธ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:46
We say โ€˜does notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜doesn't play tennisโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ 'ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's'๋‚˜ 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Instead we say โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ or โ€˜does notโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
โ€˜They watches TV at night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐค์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.'
18:11
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:15
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
18:18
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:23
We say โ€˜watchโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์‹œ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
โ€˜They watch TV at nightโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐค์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค'.
18:29
In the next sentence, or question, it says, โ€˜Does he plays soccer every week?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
To make a sentence, putting โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning is okay,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ž์— 'does'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€
18:44
However, we don't put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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๋งŒ, 'play' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
18:53
โ€˜Does he play soccer every week?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ 
18:57
And finally, โ€˜He always forget his book.โ€™
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฑ…์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.'
19:02
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. he/she/it์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
What's the verb in the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
19:16
It's โ€˜forgetโ€™.
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'์žŠ๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
Therefore we have to say, โ€˜He always forgets his book.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฑ…์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
Great job.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
19:26
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:28
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:34
future events.
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.
19:36
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:38
It says, โ€˜The airplane _ blank _ tonight.โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” _ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
And we're looking at the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
What is the subject of the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:48
The correct answer is โ€˜airplaneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜airplaneโ€™?
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'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
19:55
It's โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
Remember in the present simple tense, for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we add an โ€˜sโ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์—
20:02
or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:05
The verb here is โ€˜leaveโ€™ so we simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'leave'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:09
The correct answer is, โ€˜The airplane leaves tonight.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:15
In the second sentence, it says, โ€˜Does the movie _blank_ soon?โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณง _blank_ ๊ฐœ๋ด‰๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
And we're using the verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ '์‹œ์ž‘'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
What is the subject of this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:27
Itโ€™s โ€˜movieโ€™.
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'์˜ํ™”' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
20:32
Itโ€™s โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
So it's like saying, โ€˜Does it _ blank _ soon?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ '๊ณง _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด_ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - โ€˜doesโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ž์— 'does'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
20:57
so โ€˜Does the movie start soon?โ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'
21:00
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
Finally, it says, โ€˜Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋น„ํ‚ค_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_๋‚ด์ผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋œน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜Vickiโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Vicki' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:13
โ€˜Vickiโ€™ is a girl so the subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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'Vicki'๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
You'll remember now that forโ€ฆ in this case, we put โ€˜worksโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. for... ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'works'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
w-o-r-k-s โ€˜worksโ€™.
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์ž‘๋™ '์ž‘๋™'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
โ€˜Vicki works tomorrow.โ€™
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'๋น„ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผํ•ด์š”.'
21:29
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค'
21:37
Actually there's only one mistake.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
21:39
Can you find it?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:41
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
21:46
We do not need the โ€˜doโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'do'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:49
We only use โ€˜doโ€™ in a question or in the negative form.
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'do'๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
But also the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, so we would use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๋„ 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
Either way we don't need this here.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:01
Well now we have the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™ with the subject โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด 'he'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'leave'๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
Do you know what to do?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
22:08
We simply change this to โ€˜leavesโ€™.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '์žŽ'์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:13
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
22:15
โ€˜He leaves at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:19
In the next sentence, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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.' ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
22:24
We have a negative sentence.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
โ€˜They don'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...', ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:30
โ€˜โ€ฆdo notโ€™ is correct.
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'...ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:32
For subject pronoun โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ.
22:34
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:40
Therefore, all we will do is say, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ฐœํ•™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
No โ€˜sโ€™.
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's'๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
Finally, โ€˜Does we eat at noon?โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ์‹ฌ ๋จน์„๊นŒ?'
22:52
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
22:53
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:58
The correct answer is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:01
Think about the question form.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
23:04
Do we say โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ in the question form for the subject pronoun โ€˜weโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'we'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:10
The correct answer is โ€˜doโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ•œ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
23:12
We say โ€˜doโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
23:19
โ€˜Do we eat at noon?โ€™
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'์ •์˜ค์— ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:22
Great job guys.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
23:23
You're done with the practice.
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์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
Thank you for your hard work.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ๊ณ ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:28
Good job guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด ์–˜๋“ค์•„.
23:29
You put in a lot of practice today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
23:31
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:36
worked on mastering it.
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.
23:38
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
I'll see you next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:43
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
23:52
Hi, everybody. I'm Esther.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:54
I'm so excited to be teaching you theย  present continuous tense in this video.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘,
24:04
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
24:13
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
24:17
The present continuous tense is used to talkย  about actions that are happening right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:23
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
24:24
โ€˜I'm teaching Englishโ€™ and โ€˜You are studying English.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”', '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
24:28
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
The first sentence says, โ€˜He is watching a movieโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:36
We start with the subject and a โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
For โ€˜heโ€™ / โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™,ย  we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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'he' / 'she'์™€ 'it'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:47
Then you'll notice I added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ย  to the end of the verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'watch' ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
โ€˜He is watching a movie.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
24:56
The next sentence says, โ€˜Tim is playing a computer game.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Tim์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
He's doing that right now.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™, therefore, againย  we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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Tim์€ '๊ทธ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
And again you'll notice I addedย  โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:15
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
25:16
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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'๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:20
Now pay attention to the subject, โ€˜the machineโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '๊ธฐ๊ณ„'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:24
What is the proper pronoun?
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:26
The answer is โ€˜itโ€™, thereforeย  we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ 'it'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:31
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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'๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์š”.'
25:35
We can also say, โ€˜It is making a noiseโ€™. Or the contraction, โ€˜It's making a noiseโ€™.
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'์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์€ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค'.
25:42
And finally, โ€˜Tom and Ben are speaking Englishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒค์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
25:46
In this case, you'll noticeย  that we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:50
Can you figure out why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:53
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด Tom๊ณผ Ben - ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:59
โ€˜They are speaking English.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
26:02
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:05
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:12
Even though you might not beย  doing the action right now.
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๋น„๋ก ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:15
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:18
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
26:19
โ€˜I'm reading an interesting book these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:23
In this case, the subject isย  โ€˜Iโ€™, so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'am'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:28
In this example, we use the contractionย  โ€˜I'mโ€™ by putting โ€˜Iโ€™ and โ€˜amโ€™ together.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'I'์™€ 'am'์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'I'm'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:34
Again, you'll notice there'sย  an โ€˜-ingโ€™ after the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— '-ing'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:39
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
26:40
โ€˜You are studying to become an English teacher.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:44
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'
26:47
therefore the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:50
Next, โ€˜Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€ IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
26:55
The subject here is โ€˜Stevenโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'He'์ธ 'Steven'
26:59
therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
And finally, โ€˜John and June are working at a company.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'John๊ณผ June์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
27:08
If you look at the subject โ€˜John and Juneโ€™, the pronoun for that is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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'John and June'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:14
That's why we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:17
โ€˜They are working at a company.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
27:20
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
The present continuous is also usedย  to talk about near future plans.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:27
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
27:29
โ€˜She is meeting some friends tonight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.'
27:32
That's going to happen in the near future.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:34
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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'she'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
And then we added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb โ€˜meetโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'meet'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:44
The next example says, โ€˜We are going on vacation in July.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 7์›”์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:49
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™, therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:54
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜We're going on vacation in July.โ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'We're Going to vacation in July'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:00
Again, another near future plan.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:03
The next example says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
28:05
โ€˜David is learning to drive tomorrow.โ€™
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'David๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:08
โ€˜tomorrowโ€™ is the near future.
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'๋‚ด์ผ'์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:10
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is the subject.
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'๋‹ค์œ—'์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we use โ€˜isโ€™.
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'David'๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:17
And lastly, โ€˜Vicki and I are teaching English next week.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋น„ํ‚ค์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
28:22
โ€˜Vicky and Iโ€™โ€ฆ If we think about the subject pronoun is โ€˜weโ€™.
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'๋น„ํ‚ค์™€ ๋‚˜'... ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:27
That's why we used โ€˜areโ€™. โ€˜We are teaching.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์ด๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
28:32
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:34
Now let's talk about the negativeย  form of the present continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:39
I have some examples here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:41
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ธด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:48
These last two are for near future plans.
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:51
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
28:53
The first sentence says, โ€˜I am not having fun.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:57
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
but in this example I am not having fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:04
You'll notice that the word โ€˜notโ€™ goesย  between the โ€˜beโ€™ verb and the โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:11
In the second example it says, โ€˜Jane isn't doing her homework.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ œ์ธ์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:16
Here we use the contraction โ€˜isn'tโ€™ for โ€˜is notโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'is not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'is't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
29:20
so just like the first sentence, we put โ€˜notโ€™ between โ€˜isโ€™ and โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'is'์™€ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
The next sentence says, โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:32
Here we have a contraction for โ€˜you areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'you are'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:35
โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:38
And finally, โ€˜We are not running tomorrow morning.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ์—๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:42
Here we have the subject โ€˜weโ€™, therefore, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด 'we'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
Donโ€™t forget to add a โ€˜notโ€™ after that to make it negative.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
29:52
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
29:53
Now let's talk about how to form โ€˜beโ€™ verbย  questions in the present continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
The first example here says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
30:01
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™ or โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:06
We start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
Take a look at the subject though.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
30:10
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why we start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:14
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:17
You can answer, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™ or โ€˜No he isn't.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.'
30:22
The second sentence says,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
30:23
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
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'์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:26
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™ andย  that's why we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:30
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
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'์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:32
You can answer, โ€˜Yes I am.โ€™ or โ€˜No, I'm not.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
30:38
The next question says, โ€˜Is he preparing to study in Canada?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์œ ํ•™์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:43
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'is'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:46
The answer can be, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™ or it can also be โ€˜No, he isn't.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:53
Finally the last question says, โ€˜Are they going out tonight?โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:58
The subject here is โ€˜theyโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'they'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:03
The answer can be โ€˜Yes, they are.โ€™ or โ€˜No, they aren't.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
31:09
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
31:10
Now let's talk about the WH questionย  form for the present continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:16
I have some examples here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
31:18
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
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WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ( ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์–ธ์ œ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ์™œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ)
31:22
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
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์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
31:27
What comes after?
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋‚˜์š”?
31:29
You'll notice it's the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs: โ€˜areโ€™, โ€˜isโ€™, and if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'are', 'is', ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'I'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'am'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:36
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ -ing๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:42
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:45
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
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'๋ญํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'
31:47
I'm asking about right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
31:49
For example, โ€˜I'm teaching English.โ€™
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
31:52
โ€˜Where are you going?โ€™ โ€˜I'm going to the store.โ€™
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'์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”?' '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ.'
31:57
โ€˜When is it starting?โ€™ โ€˜It's starting at 3.โ€™
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'์–ธ์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์š”?' '3์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์š”.'
32:02
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be โ€˜itโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:07
โ€˜Who is she talking to?โ€™ โ€˜She's talking to Bob.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?' '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฅ๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
32:12
โ€˜Why is she crying?โ€™ โ€˜She's crying because she's sad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?' '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์Šฌํผ์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
32:18
And finally, โ€˜How is it going?โ€™ โ€˜It's going well.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด?' '์ž˜๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
32:23
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด,
32:26
we'll look at how this tense can be used toย  describe an action that's happening right now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:32
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:35
โ€˜You -blank- learning English.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ -๊ณต๋ฐฑ- ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
32:38
Remember for this tense, we startย  with the subject and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ
32:42
and then the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:45
We already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ here, so we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:50
The subject in the first sentence is โ€˜youโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:54
For โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™,ย  we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜areโ€™,
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'๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€
32:58
so the correct answer is,
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'
33:01
โ€˜You are learning Englishโ€™ right now.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:05
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
33:06
โ€˜She _blank_ not watching TV.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:10
This is the negative form ofย  the present continuous tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
33:14
We have the word โ€˜notโ€™ before the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™,
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๋™์‚ฌ '-ing' ์•ž์— 'not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
33:19
However, we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb again.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
33:22
What is the be verb to useย  if the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'she'์ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
33:26
the correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
33:30
โ€˜She is not watching TV.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
33:34
This one says, โ€˜I _blank_ studying now.โ€™
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:38
The subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:41
Again think of the โ€˜beโ€™ verb that goes before the subject โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์–ด 'I' ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
33:46
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'am'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:49
โ€˜I am studying now.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
33:51
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜I'm studying nowโ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:57
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
34:00
we can also say, โ€˜I'm not studying now.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:03
Now, take a look at the nextย  sentence and find the mistake.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
34:09
โ€˜Layla is watch a movie.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:13
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  Layla์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:19
We have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜isโ€™,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:22
However, you'll notice we forgotย  the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:28
We need to say, โ€˜watchingโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:32
โ€˜Layla is watching a movie.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:36
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
34:37
โ€˜They playing soccer now.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
What's missing?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
34:42
If you got it the correct answer is we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:46
because the subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'they'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:49
โ€˜They are playing soccer now.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:53
And finally, โ€˜What do you do?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
34:57
If you want to ask somebodyย  what they're doing right now,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
35:01
you say, 'whatโ€™... and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜are... you.. doing?โ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡'... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ โ€“ 'are... you..doing?'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:12
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
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'๋ญํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'
35:15
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
35:17
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‹œ์ œ
35:21
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:27
It's a longer action.
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๋” ๊ธด ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:29
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:32
โ€˜He _blank_ studying economics.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” _blank_ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
35:35
Remember for this tense, we take theย  subject, a โ€˜beโ€™ verb, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด, 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ, โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:42
Here we already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™, โ€˜studyingโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing', 'studying'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:46
So what are we missing?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
35:47
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:49
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb forย  the subject โ€˜heโ€™ is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด 'he'์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:54
So, โ€˜He is studying economics.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
35:57
The next sentence says, โ€˜They're _blank_ for the fight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•  _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:02
The verb we want to use is โ€˜trainโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'train'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:05
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:08
It's in the contraction โ€˜thereโ€™ย  because it's โ€˜they areโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:13
All we have to do now is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:17
โ€˜They're training for the fight these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ „ํˆฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.'
36:23
And โ€˜We _blank_ teaching at the school.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:28
Again we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
36:31
What is the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™?
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
36:34
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
36:37
โ€˜We are teaching at the school.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:41
Now let's look for theย  mistakes in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:46
โ€˜Ben is study to become a doctor.โ€™
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'๋ฒค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:50
Can you find the error?
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
36:52
Well we have the subject and we have the proper โ€˜be verbโ€™.
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์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'be ๋™์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:57
What we're missing is the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of โ€˜studyโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'study' ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” '-ing'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:03
The correct answer is, โ€˜Ben is studying to become a doctorโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋ฒค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
37:09
Let's look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:11
โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:18
hmm โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
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ํ  '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.'
37:19
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ 'do'๋‚˜ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
37:24
We use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb. What is the be verb for โ€˜Iโ€™?
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚˜'์˜ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
37:29
The correct answer is โ€˜amโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์•„' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:31
โ€˜I am not reading that book.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:37
There is no contraction for โ€˜am notโ€™.
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'am not'์—๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:41
Finally, โ€˜They are to learn English.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:45
We have the subject and we have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
37:49
but remember we need verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
37:53
Therefore, the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€
37:56
โ€˜They are learning English.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
38:00
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:03
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
38:07
can be used to talk about future plans.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
38:10
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
38:12
The first sentence says, โ€˜They're play a game tonight.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:16
The verb we want to use is โ€˜playโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'play'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:20
Remember we start with the subjectย  and here we have it, โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
38:24
Then we have the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:26
In this case we used a contractionย  for โ€˜they are โ€“ โ€˜theyโ€™reโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ โ€“ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€''์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:32
That's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:33
After that we have to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
38:38
so the correct answer is, โ€˜They're playing a game tonight.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:44
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:50
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
38:53
This is the negative form because we have โ€˜notโ€™.
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'not'์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:56
We simply need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:59
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™. โ€˜We are not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Lynn์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค _blank_ ์™ธ์ถœ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:10
and we want to use the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'go'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:13
Remember 'Lynn' and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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'Lynn'์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:18
That's correct. All we have to do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:24
โ€˜Lynn is going out tonight.โ€™
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'๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.' ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
39:27
To make this negative you can say,
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'Lynn์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
39:30
โ€˜Lynn is not going out tonight.โ€™ or โ€˜Lynn isn't going out tonight.โ€™
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” '๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:36
The next sentence says, โ€˜Laura isn't study this evening.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:41
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
39:44
Remember we have to addย  โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
39:49
so we need to say,
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'Laura๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
39:51
โ€˜Laura isn't studying this evening.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:57
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
39:59
โ€˜My sons will playing chess later.โ€™
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'๋‚˜์˜ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:02
We are talking about a future plan,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
40:05
so you might be tempted to use โ€˜wellโ€™ or โ€˜willโ€™, I'm sorry.
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'์ž˜'์ด๋‚˜ '์˜์ง€'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:09
However, instead of saying โ€˜willโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'will' ๋Œ€์‹  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:14
โ€˜My sons are playing chess later.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
40:20
And finally, โ€˜She's not to eating dinner tonight.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
40:25
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:28
What is it?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
40:30
It's โ€˜toโ€™.
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'์—'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:31
Remember, subject - โ€˜beโ€™ verb, not verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:37
We do not need โ€˜toโ€™ in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 'to'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:41
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
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์ž, ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:44
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
40:45
Good job, everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
40:46
You just completed the lessonย  on the present continuous tense.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:50
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:54
And keep watching to learn more.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:56
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ์Šต๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:01
I promise.
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์•ฝ์†ํ•ด์š”.
41:02
See you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”.
41:12
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
41:13
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:14
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:19
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜
41:24
but when it happened is not very important or itโ€™s unknown.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:35
the present.
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.
41:36
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:41
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:46
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
41:54
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:58
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:03
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:08
However, this action isย  important to the conversationย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:12
right now.
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.
42:13
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:16
The first one says, โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:20
What we do here is we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ '๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:24
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:30
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:34
In this case, the verb is โ€˜beโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'be'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:36
And so the past participle is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:39
โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
42:42
The next sentence says, โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:46
My cousins is a โ€˜theyโ€™.
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:49
And so again, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ 'have'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:52
And the past participle of see is โ€˜seenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  see์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'seen'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:56
โ€˜They have seen the movie.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.'
42:58
Or โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:02
The next example says, โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'Chad๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:06
Chad is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฑ„๋“œ๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:08
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we follow with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:14
Then, the past participle โ€˜goneโ€™ is for the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ 'gone'์€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'go'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:19
โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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'์ฑ„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.'
43:21
And finally, โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ๊ณ ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:25
My phone is an โ€˜itโ€™.
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๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค.
43:27
Therefore, I use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:30
And then I need the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' โ€“ 'been'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:34
โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:37
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:39
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
43:45
and continues in the present.
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๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:48
โ€˜forโ€™ and sinceโ€™ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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. 'for'์™€ before'๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:53
Let's take a look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:56
โ€˜I have worked there since 2002.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” 2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:00
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
If it's โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™ or โ€˜weโ€™, we have โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋ฉด 'have'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
44:07
Then the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
44:10
In this case - โ€˜workedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
44:12
What you'll notice here is that we also have โ€˜since 2002โ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:17
This shows when the action started, so with the expression โ€˜sinceโ€™, you need to use
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์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
44:23
a specific point in time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:26
The next example does the same thing.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:29
โ€˜You have had a car since last year.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:32
Again, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, so we have a specific point in time - โ€˜last yearโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์ธ '์ž‘๋…„'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:39
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
44:42
โ€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.โ€™
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'์• ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
44:45
In this case the subject is โ€˜Annaโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Anna'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:47
Which is a โ€˜sheโ€™, and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
711
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์ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:51
Then the past participle โ€˜likedโ€™.
712
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:54
However, at the end of the sentence, we see โ€˜for weeksโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'for week'๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
Not โ€˜since weeksโ€™.
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'๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ดํ›„'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:01
When we use โ€˜forโ€™, we talk about the duration.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:04
We explain how long this action has been true.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:09
And finally, โ€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
45:14
Again, the sentence ends with โ€˜for 3 monthsโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ'์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:17
So we show the duration.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:20
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:23
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
45:29
stopped.
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์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:30
Letโ€™s take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:33
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor,โ€™
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'I have been to the doctor'
45:36
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด
45:40
โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™, and the past participle.
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'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:44
But you'll notice here, I used the word โ€˜justโ€™ between โ€˜haveโ€™ and the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'have'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:50
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor.โ€™
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'๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ โ€‹โ€‹์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.'
45:53
This shows that it happened very recently.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:57
The next example says, โ€˜James has just seen his new baby.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'James๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:02
Again, just goes in between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'have'๋‚˜ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
46:08
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
46:10
It says, โ€˜She has already been to China.โ€™
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'์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
46:14
โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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'์ด๋ฏธ'๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:21
However, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'already'๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:26
So it's perfectly fine to say, โ€˜She has been to China already.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ '์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:32
And in the last example, โ€˜We have recently visited Tom.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Tom์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
46:37
Again, you can put this word between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'have'๋‚˜ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:42
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:46
โ€˜We have visited Tom recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ†ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
46:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
46:50
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:54
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
46:57
The first one says, โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:00
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between โ€˜haveโ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 'have'์™€ 'been' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:06
and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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.
47:08
โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.'
47:11
You can also use a contraction and say โ€˜I haven't been to Europe.โ€™
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:17
The next sentence says, โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:22
Again, we put the โ€˜notโ€™ between the โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:27
โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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'3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
47:31
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:36
The next example says, โ€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'ํ…Œ๋””๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:41
We used the contraction here for โ€˜hasโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜hasn'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'has'์™€ 'not' ์ฆ‰ 'hasn't'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:46
And then we use the time expression โ€˜for 2 yearsโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” '2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:53
And finally, the last sentence says, โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:00
We see another contraction here for โ€˜have notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'have not' โ€“ 'have n't'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:06
โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:10
This time expression uses โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:13
And so we mention a specific point and time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:17
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:18
Now let's take a look at the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question form of the present perfect
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has' ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:24
tense.
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.
48:25
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:27
The first sentence says, โ€˜Mike has eaten lunch.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Mike๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:31
That is a statement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:33
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:36
All you have to do is put โ€˜hasโ€™ at the beginning.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:40
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:45
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:50
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:54
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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'๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
48:58
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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'๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
48:59
And you can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
49:05
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have watched the video.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:09
This is a statement.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:11
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:18
โ€˜Have theyโ€ฆ?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€...?'
49:19
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
49:24
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”?'
49:28
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
781
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”?'
49:29
You can answer this question by saying, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:33
or โ€˜No, they haven't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
49:35
Good job, guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
49:37
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
49:38
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:44
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
49:46
I have โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””', '๋ฌด์—‡', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:50
These go at the beginning of the question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:53
Let's take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:56
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
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'ํŒ€์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
49:58
You'll notice we followed the WH word with โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™.
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WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'has' ๋˜๋Š” 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:04
In this case, I used โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Timโ€™, and Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'Tim'์ด๊ณ  Tim์ด 'he'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:10
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:15
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
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'ํŒ€์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
50:16
And I can answer by saying, โ€˜Tim has been home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” 'ํŒ€์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:20
or โ€˜Tim has been on vacation.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํŒ€์€ ํœด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:23
Something like that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ.
50:25
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:29
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have visited China.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
50:33
or โ€˜I have visited Mexico.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:35
You can also use the contraction โ€˜Iโ€™veโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'I've'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:38
โ€˜I've visited China.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:40
The next question says, โ€˜Who has she talked to?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:44
You can answer by saying, โ€˜She has talked to her mom.โ€™ or โ€˜She has talked to her
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
50:50
teacher.โ€™
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:52
The next question says, โ€˜How long have you been married?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:56
โ€˜I've been married for 3 years.โ€™
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'๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๋…„ ๋์–ด์š”.'
50:59
That's one answer that you can give.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค.
51:02
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
51:03
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
51:04
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:08
Which describes an action that happened at
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
51:11
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
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์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:15
Let's look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:17
โ€˜She _blank_ read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
51:20
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:23
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:29
โ€˜She hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'.
51:31
Now, take a look at the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:33
It looks like โ€˜readโ€™.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:35
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
51:39
So It's actually โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค'.
51:41
โ€˜readโ€™ and โ€˜readโ€™ are spelled the same.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'์™€ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:44
โ€˜She has read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
51:48
The second sentence says, โ€˜They _blank_ visit China.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ _blank_ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:52
โ€˜visitโ€™ is the verb that you want to use here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:55
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:00
Not โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:02
โ€˜They haveโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'
52:04
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
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์ž, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
52:07
The answer is โ€˜visitedโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ด๋‹ค.
52:10
โ€˜They have visited China.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:14
Next, โ€˜We _blank_ see that concert.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ _blank_ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:19
Again, for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™ โ€“ we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', ์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:24
โ€˜We haveโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:25
Now, the past participle of โ€˜seeโ€™ is 'seen'.
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์ด์ œ 'see'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'seen'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:30
โ€˜We have seen that concert.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:34
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
52:38
โ€˜Rick have been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
52:41
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Rickโ€™.
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'๋ฆญ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
52:44
Rick is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฆญ์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:46
So instead of โ€˜haveโ€™, we need to change this to โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'have' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'has'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:52
โ€˜Rick has been to Cuba.โ€™
844
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
52:56
โ€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.โ€™
845
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'์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
53:00
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜Sallyโ€™ and โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Sally'์™€ 'I'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:04
The pronoun for that is โ€˜weโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋‹ค.
53:08
โ€˜We hasn't finished work.โ€™
848
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'์•„์ง ์ผ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.'
53:10
That still sounds weird, right?
849
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
53:13
We have to change this to โ€˜have notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
850
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'have not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:21
And finally, โ€˜I did go to the doctor.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
53:25
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:29
We have to change it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:31
Remember, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 'I'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:37
But we're not done.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:38
What is the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™?
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'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
53:45
It is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ”์–ด'.
53:46
โ€˜I have gone to the doctor.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
53:49
Great job.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
53:50
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:53
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
53:56
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
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ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
54:02
today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:04
The first sentence says, โ€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Carly๋ฅผ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ_ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:10
The subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ด๋‹ค.
54:11
And we already have the past participle of the verb, โ€˜knowโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 'know'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:16
Which is โ€˜knownโ€™.
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'์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:18
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
54:19
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:22
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ after the subject.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:28
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
54:30
โ€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.โ€™
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'He has been here _blank_ 2 pm'
54:34
Now the first part is all there.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:37
โ€˜He has beenโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
54:39
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
54:42
we use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ to talk about how long that action has been true.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'for'๋‚˜ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
54:48
In this case, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:51
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:57
Next it says, โ€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Tom์„ _blank_ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:02
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๋‹ค.
55:04
And we have the past participle of the verb โ€˜likeโ€™, which is 'liked'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'like'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'like'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:10
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:11
Again, we need โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:15
Because the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™...
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—...
55:17
Can you figure out which one you need?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:20
The correct answer is โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:23
โ€˜She has liked Tom since June.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ฐ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
55:27
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:32
โ€˜I have worked here six months ago.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
55:36
Can you find a mistake here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:38
โ€˜I have workedโ€™ - that's correct.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค' - ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:41
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use โ€˜agoโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:47
This is talking about more the past.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:50
We want to talk about โ€˜sinceโ€™ or โ€˜forโ€™ instead.
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๋Œ€์‹  '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋‚˜ '~์„ ์œ„ํ•ด'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:54
Now โ€˜six monthsโ€™ is not a specific time.
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์ด์ œ '6๊ฐœ์›”'์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:58
So we don't use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:01
Instead, we talk about the duration.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:04
So we need โ€˜forโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'for'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:06
We'll say, โ€˜I have worked here for six months.โ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:11
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:14
โ€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'์  ์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
56:18
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:21
But remember, Jen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. Jen์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:25
So we need โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:28
โ€˜Jen hasโ€™.
905
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'์  ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”'.
56:29
But wait a minute, โ€˜Jen has have a coldโ€™?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, '์  ์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
56:33
That's not right either.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:35
We need the past participle of โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'have'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:38
What is the past participle?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
56:40
The correct answer is โ€˜hadโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:43
โ€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'Jen์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
56:48
And finally, โ€˜We haven't went home since Friday.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
56:53
This one is a little tricky.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:55
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
914
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋‹ค.
56:58
โ€˜We have... have notโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
56:59
That's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:00
The contraction is โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:02
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
57:04
Now the problem is, we have this verb โ€˜wentโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 'went'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:08
That's in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:11
We need the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™.
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'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:15
The correct answer is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:19
โ€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.โ€™
923
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:23
Good job, guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
57:24
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:26
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:30
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
We'll be focusing on the words, โ€˜justโ€™, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ and โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to show this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ', '์ด๋ฏธ', '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:40
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:43
โ€˜She has just _blank_ that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:46
And we're using the verb, โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:49
Remember, we take the subject, โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:52
And for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'he', 'she', 'it'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:56
So that's correct.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:57
Now we need the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™.
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์ด์ œ 'read'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:01
And that is โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ฝ๊ธฐ'์ด๋‹ค.
58:05
โ€˜She has just read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
58:08
You'll notice I use the word, โ€˜justโ€™ right before the past participle.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:14
Next it says, โ€˜They have alreadyโ€™ and the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:20
If the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ด๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:25
But if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:31
So that's correct.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:32
โ€˜They haveโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'.
58:33
Also we have the word โ€˜alreadyโ€™ here to show that it happened recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ
58:39
or that it finished recently.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'already'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:41
Now the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:43
We need the past participle of โ€˜wake upโ€™,
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'๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
58:47
and that is โ€˜woken upโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด '๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:52
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
58:54
โ€˜They have already woken up.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
58:58
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
58:59
โ€˜We have recently _blank_ work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
And the verb is โ€˜finishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:05
โ€˜We haveโ€™, that's correct.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:08
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:12
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb โ€˜finishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ 'finish' ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:16
The correct answer is.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:18
โ€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
59:25
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
59:30
โ€˜Morty has eaten just.โ€™
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'๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
59:33
This sounds a little strange, right?
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์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
59:36
That's because โ€˜justโ€™ needs to come before the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'just'๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
59:41
Therefore, the answer is โ€˜Morty has just eaten.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:46
The next sentence says, โ€˜Karen has recently be sick.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Karen์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:52
Karen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์นด๋ Œ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:54
So โ€˜hasโ€™ is correct.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:57
And there we have โ€˜recentlyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:59
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:04
โ€˜beโ€™ is our verb and the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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'be'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:10
โ€˜Karen has recently been sick.โ€™
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'Karen์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
60:13
And finally, โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์–ด์š”.'
60:18
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ „์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:22
โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด.'
60:26
The placement of โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is a little awkward.
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'๋ฒŒ์จ'์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
60:31
So we can say, โ€˜I have already gone.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
60:35
So we can put โ€˜alreadyโ€™ before the verb,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'already'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
60:38
โ€˜I have already gone to the dentistโ€™
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'I have been been to thedentist'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
60:41
Or we can put this at the end,
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์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์—
60:45
โ€˜I have gone to the dentist already.โ€™
979
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'I have been to thedental done'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:48
Both of those are correct.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:50
Now, good job.
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์ž, ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
60:52
That is the end of the checkup.
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์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:53
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
60:55
Excellent job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
60:57
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
985
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:00
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:03
Keep studying English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:05
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:10
I'll see you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:20
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
61:21
Welcome to the video.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:22
In this video, Iโ€™ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:28
This tense can be used to talk about an action
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
61:31
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
61:35
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:40
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:46
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
61:52
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
61:55
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
62:01
We want to emphasize duration
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
62:03
and you can do that by using โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ in your sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— 'for'๋‚˜ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:08
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:11
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
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'์ฐฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
62:15
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Charlesโ€™.
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'์ฐฐ์Šค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:18
The subject pronoun for Charles is โ€˜heโ€™.
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Charles์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:21
And that's why we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:24
After that, we add โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 'been'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:28
In this case, โ€˜studying.โ€™
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:31
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:36
That shows how long thisย  action has been happening.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:40
When you use โ€˜forโ€™, you emphasize the duration. โ€˜for an hourโ€™.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'.
62:46
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
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'์ฐฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
62:50
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:53
โ€˜Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.โ€™
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'๋ฆด๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์–ด์š”.'
62:57
In this case, Lily is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and that's why, again, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Lily๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:03
You'll notice again, we have โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, 'been'๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:07
In this case, โ€˜playingโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์—ฐ์ฃผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:10
At the end of this sentence, we also used โ€˜forโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'for'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:13
and then โ€˜two yearsโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '2๋…„'.
63:15
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:20
The next sentence is a little different.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:23
โ€˜It has been growing since June.โ€™
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'6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
63:26
So it can be something like a plant.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:29
The plant or it has been growing since June.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:34
Here we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, not โ€˜forโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'for'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:38
What's the difference?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ญ์•ผ?
63:39
We use a specific point in time with since.
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์ดํ›„๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:43
We don't say โ€˜Since two hoursโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:46
No, we say โ€˜When the action started since June.โ€™
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, '6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:50
And finally, โ€˜Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋Œ„๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 6์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'
63:56
The subject pronoun for โ€˜Dan and Iโ€™ is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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'๋Œ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜'์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:00
Therefore we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:02
At the end of the sentence, we have โ€˜since 6 a.m.โ€™
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'since 6 am'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:07
Remember that with โ€˜sinceโ€™, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
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'since'๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
64:13
started.
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.
64:14
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
64:15
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:21
In this case, we mean โ€˜latelyโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:24
This action has been happening โ€˜latelyโ€™,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ '์ตœ๊ทผ'์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
64:27
and so we can use the word โ€˜latelyโ€™ or โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to explain this.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์ตœ๊ทผ' ๋˜๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:33
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:35
โ€˜You have been missing many classes lately.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฒฐ์„์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.'
64:39
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word โ€˜lately'
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
64:43
to describe when this action has been happening.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
64:47
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
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. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— lately๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:51
For example, โ€˜Lately, you have been missing many classes.โ€™
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '์š”์ฆ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋น ์กŒ์–ด์š”.'
64:56
The next example says, โ€˜Recently, Toby has been running every day.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ Toby๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:02
In this sentence, we used โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the beginning
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
65:05
to show when does action has been happening.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
65:09
You can also use โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:12
โ€˜Toby has been running everyday recently.โ€™
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'ํ† ๋น„๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
65:16
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™ after Toby.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ Toby์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Toby ๋’ค์— 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:22
Because Toby is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ํ† ๋น„๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
65:25
The next example says, โ€˜Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์š”์ฆ˜ ๋‹ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:30
Again, we use โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of this sentence,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” 'lately'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
65:34
but you can also use it at the end.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:37
Dana is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and so we followed this subject with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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Dana๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:42
And finally, โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
65:48
โ€˜Weโ€™ is the subject of this sentence and so we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'We'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:52
Here, we use the contraction โ€˜Weโ€™veโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'We've'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:56
โ€˜We haveโ€™ become โ€˜We'veโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:59
โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
66:02
We can put โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end,
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'recently'๋ฅผ ๋์— ๋ถ™์ด
66:05
or we can say โ€˜Recently we've been practicing English together.โ€™
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, 'Recently we've been practice English together.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:10
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
66:12
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ
66:18
stopped and has a present result.
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๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
66:21
Let's take a look at the example.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:24
โ€˜I'm tired because I have been running.โ€™
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'๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”.'
66:27
The second part of the sentence, โ€˜I have been runningโ€™
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ 'I have been running'์€
66:30
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:34
This is the action that recently stopped.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:37
And as a result, โ€˜I'm tiredโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 'ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”'.
66:40
This is the present result.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:42
What's happening now, because of this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—.
66:45
โ€˜I'm tired.โ€™.
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'ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”.'.
66:47
The next example says, โ€˜The street is wet because it has been raining.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:52
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ โ€‹โ€‹์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:55
Here, we know that it has been raining.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:58
And this action recently stopped.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:01
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ –์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
67:05
The street is wet right now because of this action.
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:10
The next example says, โ€˜You don't understand because you haven't been listening.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:16
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
67:19
Here's the contractions, โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™
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'have n't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
67:23
because of this action,ย  you haven't been listening,
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. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
67:27
now you don't understand.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:30
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:34
โ€˜I've been studying all night.โ€™
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'๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
67:37
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:40
This is the action that stopped recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:43
And here is the result.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:45
โ€˜Now, I'm exhausted.โ€™
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'์ด์ œ ์ง€์ณค์–ด์š”.'
67:47
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
67:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
67:50
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:55
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
67:57
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:01
At the end of the sentence we have โ€˜these daysโ€™ to show that this is an action that's
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์š”์ฆ˜'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
68:07
been happening recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:09
In the negative form, we have to have โ€˜notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'not'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:13
The โ€˜notโ€™ goes after have or has.
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have๋‚˜ has ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'not'์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:16
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, so I use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:21
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:25
We can also use a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:29
โ€˜I haven't been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:33
The next sentence says, โ€˜Sue has not been cooking lately.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Sue๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:37
We have โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the end of this sentence,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์—๋Š” 'lately'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
68:40
We can also put โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” 'lately'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:44
The important part of this sentence is to put โ€˜notโ€™ after โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 'has' ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:49
Why did we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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์™œ 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
68:51
Because the subject is โ€˜Sueโ€™ which is a 'she'.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ธ 'Sue'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:54
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:58
Again, we can use a contraction โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ for has not.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, has not์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'has't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:02
โ€˜Sue hasn't been cooking lately.โ€™
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'์ˆ˜๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
69:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์ œํ”„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:12
Again, the โ€˜recentlyโ€™ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:18
We have the contestant โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ here for you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '์—†๋Š”' ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:22
โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜has notโ€™.
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'์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:25
We have โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is Jeff which is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ธ Jeff์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'has'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:30
And finally, โ€˜They haven't been speaking for over a year.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
69:36
In this case, โ€˜for over a yearโ€™ shows duration.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ'์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:40
Remember with โ€˜forโ€™, you show how long something has been happening.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:45
In this case, we have a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'haven't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:50
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
69:51
let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž. ์ด์ œ
69:52
Now, let's take a look at how to form the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has' ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
69:57
for the present perfect continuous tense.
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.
70:00
The first sentence says, โ€˜He has been reading for an hour,โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:04
Now, to turn this into a question,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
70:07
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:12
So โ€˜He hasโ€™ becomes โ€˜Has heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:16
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:19
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:23
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:26
To answer, you can simply say, โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
70:32
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:36
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
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. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ 
70:40
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:44
โ€˜They haveโ€™ become โ€˜Have theyโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:47
โ€˜Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:50
To answer, you can say, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:54
or โ€˜No. they haven't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
70:56
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
70:58
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
70:59
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:06
Here, we have some WH question words.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:09
โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whyโ€™ and โ€˜howโ€™.
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'๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋””', '์™œ', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'.
71:13
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:15
โ€˜What have you been doing lately?โ€™
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'์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ญ ํ–ˆ์–ด?'
71:18
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have been working.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
71:21
or โ€˜I have been studying.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:23
I can also use the contraction โ€˜I'veโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 'I've'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:26
โ€˜I've been working.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:28
โ€˜I've been studying.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:30
The next question says, โ€˜Where have you been traveling?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:34
โ€˜I have been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:36
or โ€˜I've been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
71:40
โ€˜Why has he been feeling sad?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์™œ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
71:43
You can answer by saying, โ€˜He's been feeling sad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:46
That's the contraction โ€˜he hasโ€™, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”' ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด์„œ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
71:53
or โ€˜He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.โ€™
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ํ˜น์€ '์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ŠฌํŽ์–ด์š”.'
71:58
Something like that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ.
71:59
And โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์š”?'
72:02
โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์š”?'
72:04
I can say, โ€˜She's been doing well.โ€™
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'์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
72:07
โ€˜She'sโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜she hasโ€™.
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'She's'๋Š” 'she has'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:10
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
72:12
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
72:13
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:18
This tense can be used to describe an event
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
72:21
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
72:25
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
72:27
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
72:29
โ€˜He has _blank_ all week,โ€™
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'He has _blank_ all week'
72:31
And the verb is โ€˜sleepโ€™.
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์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'sleep'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:33
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ์–ด 'he'๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:38
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we put โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:43
Then, we add โ€˜beenโ€™. โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'be'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋๋‹ค'.
72:48
Finally we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:52
โ€˜He has been sleeping all week.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
72:57
The next sentence says, โ€˜You haven't _blank_ for a year.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'You have not _blank_ for a year'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:02
and the verb is โ€˜travelโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์—ฌํ–‰'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:04
Now, this is the negative form.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:07
So you see the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 'haven't'.
73:09
โ€˜You have notโ€™ or โ€˜You haven'tโ€™.
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'์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด'.
73:12
Again, what we do after that is add โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ 'been'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:18
Then, do you remember what to do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
73:21
Add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
73:28
โ€˜You haven't been traveling for a year.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
73:32
Next, it says โ€˜They _blank_ working all day.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:37
So the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ has already been provided for you.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:41
Now, take a look at the subject.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
73:44
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
73:46
Should we use โ€˜haveโ€™? or should we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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'๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
73:50
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:54
Then what do you put?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ญ˜ ๋„ฃ๋‚˜์š”?
73:56
Remember, we put โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'bebe'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:00
โ€˜They have been working all day.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:02
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
74:06
โ€˜They haven't been working all day.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
74:09
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
74:12
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:19
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:20
What's the mistake?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์•ผ?
74:22
Remember, we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
74:27
So we should say,
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ 
74:30
โ€˜My friends have been watching TV.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
74:34
Next, โ€˜Sal did talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, '์ƒ์€ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
74:39
Hmm..
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ํ ..
74:40
Sal is a โ€˜he'.
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Sal์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:42
And โ€˜talkingโ€™ is already there for you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹น์‹  ๊ณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:45
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:50
For โ€˜heโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:53
So we say โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:57
โ€˜Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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'Sal์€ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
75:00
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
75:01
โ€˜He has been to eat for an hour.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
75:05
Hmm..
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ํ ..
75:06
โ€˜He has beenโ€™ That's correct.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:09
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb โ€˜eatโ€™ was used.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ '๋จน๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:15
Instead, remember we need โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹  '-ing'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
75:22
This is the correct answer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:25
โ€˜He has been eating for an hour.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
75:28
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:32
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
75:37
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:42
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:45
โ€˜She has _blank_ bad lately.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
75:49
And the verb is โ€˜feelโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋Š๋ผ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:51
Remember for โ€˜sheโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 'she'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:55
Then don't forget we need to have โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ' ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
75:59
โ€˜She has beenโ€™
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'She has been'
76:01
After that, we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:08
The correct sentence is,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
76:10
โ€˜She has been feeling bad lately.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:14
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
76:15
โ€˜We haven't _blank_ much recently.โ€™
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'์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:19
And the verb is โ€˜cookโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:21
This is a negative sentence.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:23
So we say, โ€˜We have notโ€™ or the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:28
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™ Don't forget โ€˜beenโ€™, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'We Haven't' 'been'์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
76:35
โ€˜We haven't been cooking much recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
76:40
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:46
โ€˜We has been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
76:50
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
76:53
The subject here is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:55
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we have to say โ€˜have beenโ€™, not โ€˜has
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'๋‚˜', '๋‹น์‹ ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ' ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
77:01
beenโ€™.
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.
77:05
โ€˜We have been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
77:09
And for the last one,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
77:12
โ€˜Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
77:16
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” lately๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:19
We have to say,
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ 
77:23
โ€˜Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š” . ๋˜๋Š”
77:26
or we can also say,
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'Jenny๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
77:30
โ€˜Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.โ€™
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
77:34
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:36
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
77:41
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
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, ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฉˆ์ท„ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
77:45
but has a present result.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—
77:47
The first sentence says,
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
77:49
โ€˜I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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'I _blank_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.'
77:53
The verb here is โ€˜exerciseโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šด๋™'์ด๋‹ค.
77:55
And the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ด๋‹ค.
77:57
Do we use โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject โ€˜Iโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด 'I'์— 'has' ๋˜๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
78:01
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:06
Then, we put โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'been'์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:17
Okay, so the correct answer is,
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ •๋‹ต์€
78:19
โ€˜I have been exercising.
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'์šด๋™์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:22
That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.'
78:24
That's the result.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:25
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
78:27
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:30
And the verb is โ€˜bakeโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ตฝ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:33
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
78:34
I have โ€˜I'm covered in flour becauseโ€™
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'๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:38
So this first part is the result.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:41
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
78:47
Again, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:49
So we use โ€˜have beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'have been'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:54
Then, all we do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of baking.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฒ ์ดํ‚น ๋์— '-ing'๋งŒ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:02
โ€˜I have been baking.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
79:03
So again,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋˜
79:05
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.โ€™
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'๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
79:08
And we can use the contraction and say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
79:11
โ€˜I've been baking.โ€™
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'I've been baking'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:14
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
79:19
โ€˜She has think a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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'์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค.'
79:24
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
79:26
The result is that โ€˜she has a headache.โ€™
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” '๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค' ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:29
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:34
โ€˜She hasโ€™ is correct.
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:36
What's missing?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
79:38
Don't forget the โ€˜beenโ€™.
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'๋์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
79:41
Also don't forget that we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
79:48
โ€˜She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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'์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋„ค์š”.'
79:53
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
79:57
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been diet.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.'
80:02
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb, โ€˜dietโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ 'diet'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:11
The correct answer is,
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์ •๋‹ต์€
80:13
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
80:18
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
80:19
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
80:21
Thank you so much for watching thisย  grammar course on the present tense.ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:25
Now, I want you to watch the nextย  grammar course on the past tense.ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:29
Iโ€™ll see you there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ด.
80:39
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
80:40
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:45
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ, ํ–‰๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:52
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
81:00
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•
81:03
in the past simple tense.
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
81:06
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:12
We use the 'be' verbs, โ€˜wasโ€™ and โ€˜wereโ€™ in this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'was'์™€ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:17
Take a look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
81:19
โ€˜I was scared.โ€™
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'๋‚œ ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.'
81:21
โ€˜James', or he 'was a teacher.โ€™
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'์ œ์ž„์Šค', ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š” '์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
81:25
โ€˜She was sad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ŠฌํŽ๋‹ค.'
81:28
โ€˜My dog was hungry.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
81:30
โ€˜My dogโ€™ can be โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๋‚ด ๊ฐœ'๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:32
So for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we use the past tense 'be' verb, โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜', '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:40
However, for โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:45
โ€˜You were a good student.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
81:48
โ€˜Your parents, or they were at the park.โ€™ and โ€˜We were at home for two hours.โ€™
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'๋„ค ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณต์›์— ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด.' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
81:57
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:01
Great job.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
82:02
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
82:04
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:09
Take a look at these examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
82:11
โ€˜Liam played a game.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์•”์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
82:14
Liam is a โ€˜heโ€™,
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Liam์€ '๊ทธ'
82:16
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:21
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
82:27
to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:29
Here the verb is โ€˜playโ€™, so I added โ€˜-edโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'play'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '-ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:33
โ€˜Liam played a game.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์•”์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
82:36
โ€˜The car, or it needed gas.โ€™
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'์ฐจ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.'
82:40
The verb here is โ€˜needโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:42
For the past simple tense, I added โ€˜-edโ€™.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์—๋Š” '-ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:46
โ€˜We watched a movie.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.'
82:49
Again, an โ€˜edโ€™ at the of โ€˜watchโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'watch'์— 'ed'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:53
โ€˜You exercised for an hour.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
82:56
In this case, the verb is โ€˜exerciseโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:59
I only need to add a โ€˜dโ€™ to make it the past tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด 'd'๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:03
And finally, โ€˜They usually worked after school.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
83:07
The verb is โ€˜workโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผ'์ด๋‹ค.
83:09
And I added an โ€˜edโ€™ to make it in the past tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:13
The word โ€˜usuallyโ€™ shows that this was a habit.
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'๋ณดํ†ต'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์Šต๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:17
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
83:23
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
83:24
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:29
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™ to make a verb into the past tense.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:36
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:42
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:45
โ€˜I ate with my friend.โ€™
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'์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด.'
83:47
The verb here is โ€˜ateโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:50
โ€˜ateโ€™ is the past simple tense of โ€˜eatโ€™.
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'ate'๋Š” 'eat'์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:54
The next example says, โ€˜Nara wrote a story.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:58
The verb is โ€˜writeโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์“ฐ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:00
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to โ€˜wroteโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ '์ผ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค.
84:08
โ€˜You often came home late.โ€™
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'๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€.'
84:11
The verb here is โ€˜comeโ€™ and it's been changed to โ€˜cameโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์˜ค๋‹ค'์ธ๋ฐ '์™”๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:16
You'll notice that we had the word โ€˜oftenโ€™ to show a habit.
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์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์ž์ฃผ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:22
โ€˜We bought a camera.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.'
84:24
The verb here is โ€˜buyโ€™ and it's been changed to โ€˜boughtโ€™ to show the past simple tense.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'buy'์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'bought'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:31
And finally, โ€˜My parents sent me money for a year.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด 1๋…„์น˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.'
84:36
Here the verb โ€˜sentโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜sendโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:41
Here we also see โ€˜for a yearโ€™, this shows duration.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” '1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ'๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:47
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
84:48
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:54
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
84:56
The first one says, โ€˜I was not hungry.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:00
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์ • 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ
85:04
I f the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ or โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜was notโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:10
For example, โ€˜I was notโ€™ or โ€˜she was notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜wasn'tโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 'I was not' ๋˜๋Š” 'she was not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'wasn't'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:17
โ€˜I wasn'tโ€™.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'.
85:19
โ€˜She wasn'tโ€™.
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด'.
85:20
So let's look again, โ€˜I was not hungry.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:25
โ€˜She wasn't home today.โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
85:28
Now, if the subject is โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ž, ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด
85:32
We say โ€˜were notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™.
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'were not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ 'weren't'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:36
โ€˜The children, or they were not quiet.โ€™
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
85:41
โ€˜The children were not quiet.โ€™
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
85:45
And then, โ€˜The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ฐœ', ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค, '์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'.
85:52
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
85:53
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
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์ด์ œ, 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๋“  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด๋“  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
85:59
regular or irregular.
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.
86:02
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
86:04
โ€˜I did not like him.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.'
86:07
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put โ€˜did notโ€™ after the subject.
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'be'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'did not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:13
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:18
We keep the base verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:21
โ€˜He didn't catch the ball.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
86:24
Again, it's โ€˜he did notโ€™, but here we used a contraction,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
86:29
โ€˜He didn't catch the ball.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์„ ์žก์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:32
โ€˜They didn't dance.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
86:34
Again, here's the contraction for โ€˜did notโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:38
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:42
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:49
And finally, โ€˜We didn't think about that.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
86:52
Again, we simply say โ€˜did notโ€™ or โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:57
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
86:58
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:03
Take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
87:06
โ€˜He was angry.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ ๋‹ค.'
87:08
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:12
It's quite easy.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:14
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:20
โ€˜Was he angry?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?'
87:22
You can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he was.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he wasn't.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
87:28
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋„ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:31
โ€˜They were comfortable.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
87:33
So again, switch the first two words.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
87:37
โ€˜Were they comfortable?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
87:39
The answers can be, โ€˜Yes, they were.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:42
or โ€˜No, they weren't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
87:44
However, look at the third sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
87:47
โ€˜Sam lived here.โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
87:49
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:52
Instead, we see the action verb โ€˜livedโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'lived'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:55
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
87:59
we start the question with โ€˜didโ€™.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:02
โ€˜Did Sam live here?โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
88:04
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:09
We use the base form of the verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:12
โ€˜Did Sam live here?โ€™
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'์ƒ˜์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
88:14
You can say โ€˜Yes, he did.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:18
or โ€˜No, he didn't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
88:19
The last sentence is similar.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
88:21
โ€˜They won the contest last year.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
88:24
The verb here is โ€˜wonโ€™, that's not a 'be' verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'won'์ด๊ณ , 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:29
So again, we start the question with โ€˜didโ€™ .
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ 'did'๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:32
And then the subject โ€˜theyโ€™, we use the base form of the verb and that's โ€˜winโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด 'they'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'win'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:39
โ€˜Did they win the contest last year?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
88:42
You can say, โ€˜Yes, they did.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:46
or โ€˜No, they didn't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
88:47
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
88:48
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:55
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
88:57
We have some WH words here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— WH ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:00
โ€˜Whatโ€™ โ€˜Whenโ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡' '์–ธ์ œ'
89:02
โ€˜Whereโ€™ and โ€˜Whyโ€™
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'์–ด๋””'์™€ '์™œ'
89:03
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word โ€˜didโ€™.
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๊ฐ WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:08
โ€˜What didโ€™ โ€˜When didโ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€' '์–ธ์ œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€'
89:11
โ€˜Where didโ€™ and โ€˜Why didโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์™œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€'.
89:14
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:19
So, let's take a look.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:22
โ€˜What did you do last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
89:25
โ€˜What did you do last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
89:27
I can answer by saying something like, โ€˜I watched a movie.โ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
89:31
Or โ€˜I read a book.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
89:34
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:39
โ€˜When did you get home last night?โ€™
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ง‘์— ์–ธ์ œ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
89:41
โ€˜I got home at 10 p.m.โ€™
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'๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ง‘์— ์™”์–ด์š”'
89:45
โ€˜Where did they eat lunch?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
89:47
โ€˜They ate lunch at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
89:49
Again, โ€˜ateโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜eatโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๋จน๋‹ค'๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:53
Answer in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
89:55
And finally, โ€˜Why did the company hire him?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?'
89:59
โ€˜The company hired him because he's a hard worker.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
90:04
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
90:05
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:08
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
90:13
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'was' ๋˜๋Š” 'were'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
90:18
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:21
โ€˜He __ at work earlier.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๊นŒ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.'
90:24
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:26
So do we use โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 'was'๋‚˜ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
90:29
The correct answer is โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
90:32
โ€˜He was at work earlier.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๊นŒ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
90:35
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
90:37
โ€˜We _____ very happy yesterday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:41
If the subject is โ€˜weโ€™, remember the be verb is โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'we'๋ผ๋ฉด be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'were'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
90:47
โ€˜We were very happy yesterday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
90:51
Next, โ€˜My parents or they __ worried about me.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค.'
90:57
If it's 'they', remember we have to say โ€˜wereโ€™.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
91:02
โ€˜My parents were worried about me.โ€™
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'๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์…จ์–ด.'
91:05
If I want to use the negative, I can also say โ€˜My parents weren't worried about me.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:10
And that's possible.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:12
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:17
โ€˜We wasn't good students.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
91:20
We wasn't good students.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:23
Can you figure out what's wrong?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
91:25
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™, so we don't say โ€˜was notโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:30
We need to say โ€˜were notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™.
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'์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:36
โ€˜We weren't good students,โ€™ is the correct answer.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”'๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:42
The next one says, โ€˜Were she a teacher?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:45
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:50
That's correct, but the subject here is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:54
Therefore, we need to start with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:58
โ€˜Was she a teacher?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
92:00
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
92:02
โ€˜They wasn't at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
92:05
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™, so the answer is
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์€
92:13
โ€˜They weren't at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:15
You can use the contraction โ€˜weren'tโ€™ or โ€˜were notโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'weren't' ๋˜๋Š” 'were not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:19
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:22
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:27
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
92:30
โ€˜He ____ at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ____ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
92:32
The verb is โ€˜studyโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:34
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
92:37
the past tense, we add โ€˜dโ€™ or โ€˜edโ€™ to the end of the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'd' ๋˜๋Š” 'ed'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
92:42
verb.
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92:42
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in โ€˜yโ€™.
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.
๋‹จ, 'y'๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:47
Such as, โ€˜studyโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด '๊ณต๋ถ€'.
92:49
We drop the โ€˜yโ€™ and we add โ€˜iedโ€™.
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'y'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  'ied'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:52
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
92:55
โ€˜He studied at home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
93:00
The next sentence says, โ€˜We __ pencils.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'We __ pencils'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:04
We want to use negative because it says โ€˜not useโ€™.
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'์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:08
Remember for the negative, we always use โ€˜did notโ€™, no matter what the subject.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 'did not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:18
You can also use the contraction โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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'didn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:21
Now, what do we do to the verb?
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
93:23
We keep it as โ€˜isโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ '์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ' ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:25
We do not change it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:28
โ€˜We didn'tโ€™ or โ€˜We did notโ€™ use pencils.
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์—ฐํ•„์„ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
93:32
The next sentence says, โ€˜His friends or they walk to the gym.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:39
What's the past tense of โ€˜walkโ€™?
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'๊ฑท๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
93:42
We simply have to add โ€˜edโ€™ because it's a regular verb.
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'ed'๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:50
โ€˜His friends walked to the gym.โ€™
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'๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
93:53
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
93:59
โ€˜She didn't likes math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
94:02
โ€˜didn'tโ€™ is correct.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:04
However, remember we keep the verb as โ€˜isโ€™ in the base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 'is'๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
94:10
So we don't say โ€˜likesโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:12
We say โ€˜likeโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:14
โ€˜She didn't like math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
94:16
The next sentence says, โ€˜Did it rained this morning?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:20
Now this is a question.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:22
In a question, itโ€™s right to start the sentence with โ€˜Didโ€™.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'Did'๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:27
โ€˜Did it rained?โ€™
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'๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
94:29
Do you notice the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
94:31
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
94:36
We use the base form of the verb.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:39
โ€˜Did it rain this morning?โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
94:42
And finally, โ€˜They not play the piano.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
94:46
The verb is an action verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
94:48
So we need a โ€˜didโ€™ in front of โ€˜notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'not' ์•ž์— 'did'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:53
โ€˜They did not play the piano.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
94:57
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:59
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:04
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
95:06
โ€˜He __ to school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” __ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
95:08
And the verb is โ€˜runโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:11
โ€˜runโ€™ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is โ€˜ranโ€™.
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'run'์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ 'ran'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:18
โ€˜He ran to school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
95:21
The next sentence says, โ€˜We __ flowers.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'We __ flowers'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:24
We want to use the negative because here it says โ€˜not growโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:29
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
95:33
we say โ€˜did notโ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'
95:38
or โ€˜didn'tโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:40
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:47
โ€˜We did not growโ€™ or โ€˜We didn't grow flowers.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
95:52
The next sentence says, โ€˜Where __ you teach last year?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์ž‘๋…„์— __ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:57
This is a question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:59
Again, all we need to put is โ€˜didโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:04
โ€˜Where did you teach last year?โ€™
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'์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‚˜์š”?'
96:06
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:09
We always go with โ€˜didโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 'did'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:12
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
96:15
โ€˜He didn't sold newspapers.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.'
96:19
Remember, in the negative, โ€˜didn'tโ€™ is correct for whatever subject there is.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์—๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 'didn't'๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
96:25
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:30
So the correct answer is, โ€˜He didn't sell newspapers.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
96:35
The next sentence says, โ€˜Did she sing a song?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:40
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:43
โ€˜sangโ€™ is the irregular past tense form of โ€˜singโ€™.
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'sang'์€ 'sing'์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:47
But in a question, if it starts with โ€˜didโ€™,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ 'did'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
96:51
we use the base form.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:53
โ€˜Did she sing a song?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‚˜์š”?'
96:57
And finally, โ€˜We taked it home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
97:01
Does that sound right?
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๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
97:03
โ€˜takedโ€™ is not correct.
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'์ฐ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:06
The past tense of โ€˜takeโ€™ is โ€˜tookโ€™.
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'take'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ 'take'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:11
โ€˜We took it home.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
97:13
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
97:15
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
97:16
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
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์™€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:19
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
97:23
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:27
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:31
Bye.ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•.
97:40
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
97:41
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:43
In this video.
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ.
97:44
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:47
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:53
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:59
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:05
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:10
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:16
Let's take a look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:18
โ€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.โ€™
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'์ €๋…์— ๊ณต์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
98:22
So first we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € '๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:26
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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I, he, she, and it์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'was'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:31
โ€˜I wasโ€™
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'I was'
98:33
And then we add an โ€˜INGโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 'ING'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:37
โ€˜I was walkingโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
98:40
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
98:42
โ€˜I was walking in the park in the evening.โ€™
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'์ €๋…์— ๊ณต์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
98:46
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:53
Let's look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:55
โ€˜She was living here last year.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
98:59
Here, the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:01
So again we use โ€˜wasโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:05
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด โ€‹โ€‹ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:12
โ€˜The dog,โ€™ or โ€˜itโ€™, โ€˜was eating dinner five minutes ago.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์€ '5๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
99:18
The subject here is โ€˜the dogโ€™ which can be replaced by the pronoun โ€˜itโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'the dog'์ด๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'it'๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:24
And so we follow with โ€˜wasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'was'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:27
And finally, โ€˜Andy and Jim,โ€™ we can replace this with โ€˜theyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'Andy and Jim'์„ '๊ทธ๋“ค'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:33
For โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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'๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:38
โ€˜They wereโ€™, or โ€˜Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ค๋””์™€ ์ง์€ ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ์— ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
99:45
Let's move on.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:46
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
99:50
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:55
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:01
Let's take a look at this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:04
โ€˜I was playing cards when you called.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
100:07
Again we start with the subject โ€˜wasโ€™ or โ€˜wereโ€™,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด 'was' ๋˜๋Š” 'were'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
100:11
and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:14
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋™์ž‘์ธ
100:18
โ€˜I was playing cardsโ€™
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'I was Playing Cards'
100:20
The interrupting action in this sentence is โ€˜you calledโ€™.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘๋‹จ ๋™์ž‘์€ 'you Called'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '.
100:25
You'll notice I use the word โ€˜whenโ€™ to show the interrupting actionโ€™
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:30
And I used it in the past simple tense, โ€˜calledโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ '๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:35
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:37
โ€˜The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.โ€™
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์—๋ฆญ์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ '๊ณ ์–‘์ด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
100:42
Again the action in progress is โ€˜the cat was eatingโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์€ '๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:48
And โ€˜Eric came homeโ€™, you'll notice the past simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'Eric came home'์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:52
This is the interrupting action used with the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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'์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:58
โ€˜We were sleeping when Anne arrived.โ€™
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'์•ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
101:01
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:05
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:07
And so we used โ€˜wereโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'verb-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:12
โ€˜When Anne arrivedโ€™ is the interrupting action.
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'์•ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:16
And finally, โ€˜Alicia and Iโ€™, or โ€˜We' were walking when we saw Mark.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ '์•จ๋ฆฌ์ƒค์™€ ๋‚˜', ์ฆ‰ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
101:24
โ€˜When we saw Markโ€™ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing โ€˜Alicia
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ '์•จ๋ฆฌ์ƒค
101:30
and I were walkingโ€™.
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์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ
101:32
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
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๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค
101:38
say,
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101:38
โ€˜When you called, I was playing cards,โ€™
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.
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
101:41
or โ€˜When Eric came home, the cat was eating.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์—๋ฆญ์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:46
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
101:48
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€
101:53
happening at the same time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:56
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word โ€˜whileโ€™.
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'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:02
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:05
The first sentence says, โ€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
102:10
me.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
102:11
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:16
โ€˜I was playing soccerโ€™ and โ€˜She was watching meโ€™.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'.
102:20
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:27
โ€˜While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
102:31
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:37
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ shows that they were happening at the same time.
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'๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:42
โ€˜While Her husbandโ€™ or โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜was driving
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'๋‚จํŽธ' ํ˜น์€ '๊ทธ', '์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
102:46
she was taking pictures.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
102:49
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
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๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:53
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
102:54
โ€˜While we were eating, the music was playing.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์Œ์•…์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.'
102:58
Both actions were happening at the same time.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:02
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word โ€˜whileโ€™ comes at the beginning,
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:09
however, it's important to note that you can move the word โ€˜whileโ€™ around in several
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€
103:14
ways.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:15
For example, instead of saying this,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
103:18
โ€˜While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ .
103:21
I can move โ€˜whileโ€™ to the middle of the sentence.
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'while'์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:24
โ€˜I was playing soccer while she was watching me.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
103:28
I can put the โ€˜whileโ€™ between the two actions.
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๋‘ ์ž‘์—… ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'while'์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:32
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
103:35
โ€˜While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:39
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the โ€˜whileโ€™ if you put it in the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'while'์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
103:44
beginning.
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.
103:46
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
103:47
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
103:52
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
103:54
โ€˜She was not reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
103:57
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™ and so we use โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:01
However, before the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™, we add โ€˜notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing' ์•ž์—๋Š” 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:06
โ€˜She was not reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
104:09
I can use a contraction and say,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
104:12
โ€˜She wasn't reading last night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
104:15
โ€˜We were not listening to music this morning.โ€™
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
104:19
In this case, the subject is โ€˜weโ€™ and so we use โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:24
Again โ€˜notโ€™ comes before the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'not'์ด 'verb-ing' ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:28
โ€˜We were not listening to music this morning.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
104:31
Again I can use a contraction and say,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
104:34
โ€˜We weren't listening to music this morning.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:37
And the next one says, โ€˜He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€
104:42
home.โ€™
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์ง‘์— ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
104:43
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'He was not watch TV'๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
104:47
โ€˜He wasn't watching TVโ€™.
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.
104:50
You'll notice the word โ€˜whenโ€™.
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'์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
104:52
Remember โ€˜whenโ€™ + โ€˜a past simple tense verbโ€™ shows an interrupting action,
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'when' + '๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด
104:59
so, โ€˜When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.โ€™
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๋ฏ€๋กœ 'When his father came home he'n't watch TV.'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
105:03
He was doing something else.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:06
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
105:07
โ€˜They weren't talking while the game was playing.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.'
105:10
The word โ€˜whileโ€™ is in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'while'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:13
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
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์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—… 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
105:20
so โ€˜While the game was playing they weren't talkingโ€™.
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'๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
105:24
They were doing something else.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:26
Let's move on now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:28
Let's talk about how to form โ€˜beโ€™ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
105:33
Take a look at the first statement.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
105:35
It says,
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
105:36
โ€˜It was raining this morning.โ€™
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์š” .
105:39
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:43
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:47
Instead of โ€˜It wasโ€™, I now say โ€˜Was itโ€™ to make it a question.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ด์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:53
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
105:57
โ€˜Was it raining this morning?โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?'
106:00
You can answer by saying, โ€˜Yes, it was.โ€™ or โ€˜No, it wasn't.โ€™
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'๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
106:05
The next statement says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—๋Š”
106:07
โ€˜They were living there when the fire happened.โ€™
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'ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:10
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:17
Instead of โ€˜They wereโ€™, we say โ€˜Were theyโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:21
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:25
โ€˜Were they living there when the fire happened?โ€™
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'ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
106:28
And you can answer by saying,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
106:30
โ€˜Yes, they wereโ€™ or โ€˜No, they weren't.โ€™
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
106:34
Let's continue on.
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. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
106:36
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:42
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ๋ถ€ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:47
For example, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whyโ€™, and โ€˜whoโ€™.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋””', '์™œ', '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ' ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:53
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
106:55
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
106:58
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:02
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:07
In this case, โ€˜wereโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:09
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
107:12
You'll notice that after the subject comes the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:17
โ€˜What were they doing last night?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
107:19
I can answer by saying, โ€˜They were playing gamesโ€™ or
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ํ˜น์€
107:23
โ€˜They were reading a bookโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
107:26
The next question says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
107:28
โ€˜Where was he working last week?โ€™
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'์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
107:30
In this case the subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and so the be verb to use is โ€˜wasโ€™.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'was'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:37
โ€˜Where was he working last week?โ€™
1741
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'์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”?'
107:40
I can say, โ€˜He was working in Canada.โ€™
1742
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
107:44
โ€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?โ€™
1743
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
107:48
In this case, the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™ and so I put โ€˜wasโ€™ after โ€˜whyโ€™.
1744
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'why' ๋’ค์— 'was'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
107:55
โ€˜Why was she crying when she finished the book?โ€™
1745
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
107:58
I can say, โ€˜She was crying because the ending was sad.โ€™
1746
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'๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ์Šฌํผ์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
108:04
And finally,
1747
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
108:05
โ€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?โ€™
1748
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'์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?'
108:10
In this case, โ€˜the childrenโ€™ is a โ€˜theyโ€™
1749
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'the children'์€ 'they'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
108:14
so we follow 'who' with โ€˜wereโ€™.
1750
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'who' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'were'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:17
โ€˜Who were theyโ€™ or
1751
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2240
'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?' ๋˜๋Š”
108:19
โ€˜Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?โ€™
1752
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'์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€?'
108:24
To answer, I can say, โ€˜The childrenโ€™ or
1753
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, '์•„์ด๋“ค' ๋˜๋Š”
108:27
โ€˜They were staying with their dad.โ€™
1754
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋น ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:30
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
108:32
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
1756
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:37
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
108:40
โ€˜Last night they were blank at school.โ€™
1758
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ํ…… ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
108:43
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb โ€˜stayโ€™.
1759
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'stay'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
108:49
โ€˜not stayโ€™
1760
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'๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ'
108:50
What do you think it is?
1761
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๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
108:52
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—๋Š”
108:56
all you have to do is put โ€˜notโ€™ and then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™ after the 'be' verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  'verb-ing'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:03
โ€˜They were not staying at school last.โ€™
1764
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
109:12
โ€˜Last night, they were not staying at school.โ€™
1765
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'์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
109:16
The next sentence says,
1766
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
109:18
โ€˜Two days ago you blank soccer.โ€™
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'์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:22
Again try the negative for the verb โ€˜playโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ 'play'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
109:26
โ€˜Two days ago blank not play soccer.โ€™
1769
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'์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
109:31
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:36
If the subject is โ€˜youโ€™, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋„ˆ'๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค be๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
109:42
The correct answer is โ€˜wereโ€™.
1772
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์—ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
109:45
And then, we say โ€˜notโ€™.
1773
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
109:48
What happens after that?
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
109:50
Remember, โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
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'๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
109:54
So โ€˜you were not playingโ€™
1776
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'you was not play'
109:58
โ€˜two days ago, you were not playing soccerโ€™
1777
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'two days ago, you was not player football'์„
110:02
You can also use a contraction and say,
1778
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'You was not play football'
110:04
โ€˜You weren't playing soccer.โ€™
1779
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์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
110:07
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
110:10
โ€˜Yesterday, she were reading at home.โ€™
1781
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'์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
110:14
hmmm
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ํ 
110:15
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™ so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to use is not โ€˜wereโ€™.
1783
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'were'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:22
It's 'was'.
1784
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'์˜€๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:25
โ€˜Yesterday, she was reading at home.โ€™
1785
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'์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
110:29
In the next sentence it says, โ€˜Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.โ€™
1786
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๋‚ด์ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:35
hmmm
1787
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1000
ํ 
110:36
โ€˜Theyโ€™ and โ€˜wereโ€™
1788
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'๊ทธ๋“ค'๊ณผ '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
110:38
That's correct.
1789
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:39
And we have the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™
1790
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:42
So what's the mistake?
1791
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
110:44
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
1792
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
110:48
โ€˜Tomorrowโ€™ is not the past.
1793
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'๋‚ด์ผ'์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:51
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
1794
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
110:55
For example, I can say, โ€˜yesterdayโ€™.
1795
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '์–ด์ œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:01
โ€˜Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.โ€™
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'์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
111:04
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
111:05
Now, let's start a checkup of the โ€˜whenโ€™ usage
1798
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ '์–ธ์ œ' ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
111:09
of the past continuous tense.
1799
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.
111:11
Take a look at the first example.
1800
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
111:14
It says, โ€˜Andrea and Johnโ€™ blank when they bank hurt.โ€™
1801
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5920
'์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด'์ด ์€ํ–‰์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
111:20
Remember โ€˜whenโ€™ shows an interrupting action.
1802
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'์–ธ์ œ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
111:24
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
1803
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:27
So let's first look at the second blank.
1804
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:30
โ€˜When they blank hurtโ€™
1805
6690320
1760
'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'
111:32
What's the past tense of the verb โ€˜getโ€™?
1806
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๋™์‚ฌ 'get'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
111:35
The answer is โ€˜gotโ€™.
1807
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๋‹ต์€ '์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
111:39
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
1808
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
111:44
โ€˜Andrea and Johnโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™
1809
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'์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'
111:47
Well what comes after โ€˜theyโ€™?
1810
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '๊ทธ๋“ค' ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์˜ค๋‚˜์š”?
111:50
โ€˜wereโ€™.
1811
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'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'.
111:51
โ€˜Andrea and John wereโ€™
1812
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'Andrea and John was'
111:54
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
1813
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— -ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
111:59
โ€˜They were skiingโ€™ or โ€˜Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurtโ€™.
1814
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์™€ ์กด์€ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์Šคํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
112:06
The next example says, โ€˜It blank not raining when the game blankโ€™.
1815
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:12
And I want you to use the verb โ€˜startโ€™ for the second blank.
1816
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'start'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:17
Take a look โ€˜when the game blankโ€™ what's the past tense of โ€˜startโ€™?
1817
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'๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ผ ๋•Œ'๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. '์‹œ์ž‘'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
112:23
โ€˜startedโ€™
1818
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'์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'
112:25
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
1819
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:29
The subject is โ€˜itโ€™.
1820
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค.
112:31
So what โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for 'it'?
1821
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 'it'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
112:36
โ€˜wasโ€™
1822
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'์˜€์ง€'
112:37
โ€˜It was not raining when the game started.โ€™
1823
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'๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.'
112:41
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
1824
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
112:46
โ€˜I wasn't study at the library yesterdayโ€™.
1825
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
112:51
The subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™ and so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜wasโ€™ is correct.
1826
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
112:57
Here there's a contraction, โ€˜I wasn'tโ€™ for โ€˜I was notโ€™.
1827
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:03
Now the problem is with the verb.
1828
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:06
Remember we need to put โ€˜โ€“ingโ€™ at the end of the verb.
1829
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
113:11
โ€˜I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.โ€™
1830
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
113:15
And finally, โ€˜We did meet our friends last weekend.โ€™
1831
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
113:21
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
1832
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๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
113:26
Take a look again.
1833
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
113:28
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
1834
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋‹ค.
113:30
We need a โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
1835
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:32
โ€˜wereโ€™
1836
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'
113:35
Then what happens?
1837
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
113:36
Remember, we need to add an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
1838
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
113:42
so we take out โ€˜didโ€™ and say, โ€˜We were meeting our friends last weekend.โ€™
1839
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'did'๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  'We was Meet our friends last Weekend'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:48
Let's move on.
1840
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1200
๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
113:49
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the โ€˜whileโ€™ usage of the past continuous tense.
1841
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ 'while' ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
113:55
Take a look at the first example.
1842
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
113:57
โ€˜While I blank someone blank my bike.โ€™
1843
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„์›Œ๋ผ.'
114:01
When we use โ€˜whileโ€™ in the past continuous tense,
1844
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ 'while'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
114:05
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
1845
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
114:10
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
1846
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:13
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
1847
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:19
โ€˜While I blankโ€™
1848
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋™์•ˆ'
114:21
I want you to use โ€˜shopโ€™ in the first blank.
1849
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์— 'shop'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:25
Remember, the subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™ so I need to use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜wasโ€™.
1850
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:32
Then โ€˜verb-ingโ€™.
1851
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:38
โ€˜While I was shoppingโ€™
1852
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'์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ'
114:41
Now โ€˜someoneโ€™ can be a โ€˜heโ€™ or โ€˜sheโ€™.
1853
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์ด์ œ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€'๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
114:44
Therefore, again we need to use โ€˜wasโ€™
1854
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ
114:49
and then the โ€˜verb-ingโ€™ of โ€˜stealโ€™.
1855
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๋‹ค์Œ 'steal'์˜ '๋™์‚ฌ-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
114:54
โ€˜While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.โ€™
1856
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
114:58
The next sentence says,
1857
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1280
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
115:00
โ€˜While he blankโ€™
1858
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1440
'While he ๊ณต๋ฐฑ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
115:02
I want you to use the verb โ€˜cookโ€™.
1859
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. ๋™์‚ฌ 'cook'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:06
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and so I need to use โ€˜was cookingโ€™.
1860
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'was Cooking'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:13
โ€˜While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.โ€™
1861
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
115:23
Did you get that?
1862
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800
๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด?
115:25
Let's move on.
1863
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
115:26
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
1864
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
115:32
โ€˜Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.โ€™
1865
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'์ œ์ธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
115:37
The first part of the sentence is correct.
1866
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:40
โ€˜Jane was lookingโ€™
1867
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'Jane was looking'
115:43
Now the second part of the sentence.
1868
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:46
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
1869
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
115:49
โ€˜While we get off the planeโ€™
1870
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ'
115:52
So what we need to do is say, โ€˜were gettingโ€™.
1871
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ 'were getting'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
115:59
โ€˜Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.โ€™
1872
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ์ธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
116:04
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleepโ€™
1873
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:11
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
1874
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:17
My wife is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and so I need to say โ€˜was sleepingโ€™.
1875
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๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:26
โ€˜I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.โ€™
1876
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'์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
116:30
Great job, everyone.
1877
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
116:31
Let's move on.
1878
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
116:33
Good job, everybody in learning the pastย ย 
1879
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
116:36
continuous tense.
1880
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:37
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
1881
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:42
Especially when it comes to the โ€˜whenโ€™ and โ€˜whileโ€™ usage.
1882
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3280
ํŠนํžˆ '์–ธ์ œ'์™€ '๋™์•ˆ' ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
116:46
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
1883
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3760
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
116:50
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.ย 
1884
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:02
Hi, everybody.
1885
7022080
960
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
117:03
I'm Esther.
1886
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1200
์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:04
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
1887
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:08
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
1888
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5920
์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:15
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
1889
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
117:19
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
1890
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:23
So keep watching.
1891
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720
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
117:27
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
1892
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:32
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
1893
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
117:35
that happened before another action in the past.
1894
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
117:39
Here are some examples.
1895
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
117:41
โ€˜I have visited China before I moved there.โ€™
1896
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3040
'์ €๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
117:45
No matter what the subject you follow with โ€˜hadโ€™,
1897
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'had'๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:48
So that's easy.
1898
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960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:50
โ€˜I hadโ€™ โ€˜Steve hadโ€™
1899
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด' '์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด'
117:52
โ€˜The plane hadโ€™ and โ€˜We hadโ€™.
1900
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'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด'.
117:55
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
1901
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
117:59
In this case, it's โ€˜visitedโ€™.
1902
7079760
1760
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:02
โ€˜I had visited China.โ€™
1903
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1600
'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
118:04
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
1904
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:09
โ€˜I moved there.โ€™
1905
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.'
118:10
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
1906
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:14
โ€˜Steve had bought the book.โ€™
1907
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'์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.'
118:16
Again, โ€˜subjectโ€™, โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜past participleโ€™.
1908
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๋‹ค์‹œ '์ฃผ์–ด', 'had', '๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:21
In this case, the verb is โ€˜buyโ€™.
1909
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1760
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ตฌ๋งค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:23
โ€˜Steve had bought the book before he read it.โ€™
1910
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'์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
118:28
Again, we have the simple tense of โ€˜readโ€™ which is โ€˜readโ€™.
1911
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3840
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:32
And finally, โ€˜The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.โ€™
1912
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
118:38
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
1913
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:43
โ€˜The plane had leftโ€™.
1914
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1520
'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'.
118:45
This is the past participle of โ€˜leaveโ€™.
1915
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2800
'leave'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:48
The second verb says, โ€˜I got to the airport.โ€™
1916
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3040
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'I got to the Airport'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
118:52
โ€˜gotโ€™ is the past tense of โ€˜getโ€™.
1917
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'์–ป๋‹ค'๋Š” '์–ป๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
118:55
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, โ€˜beforeโ€™.
1918
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ '์ „์—'๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:02
โ€˜beforeโ€™ or โ€˜by the timeโ€™.
1919
7142320
1840
'์ด์ „' ๋˜๋Š” '๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ'.
119:04
They all mean the same thing.
1920
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1440
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:07
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
1921
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4160
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:12
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
1922
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4000
๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” after์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:16
So again, for the first example.
1923
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:18
โ€˜before I move thereโ€™ That happened later.
1924
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'๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—' ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:23
Before that, โ€˜I had already visited China.โ€™
1925
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๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
119:26
Do you understand how that works?
1926
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
119:29
Let's take a look at the last example.
1927
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:32
โ€˜When they arrived, we had already started the game.โ€™
1928
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3440
'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
119:36
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
1929
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:39
But โ€˜When they arrivedโ€™, this is the past simple tense.
1930
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
119:43
So this happened second.
1931
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:46
โ€˜We had already started the game.โ€™
1932
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
119:49
This action had already started.
1933
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:52
It started before this action.
1934
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์ด ์ž‘์—… ์ด์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
119:55
Let's move on.
1935
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
119:57
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
1936
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์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜
120:02
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
1937
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
120:07
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
1938
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:11
How long that first action happened.
1939
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:14
We do this by using four and a duration.
1940
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:18
Let's take a look.
1941
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880
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
120:19
โ€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.โ€™
1942
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4240
'์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
120:24
This is very similar to the first usage.
1943
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:28
โ€˜I hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
1944
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'I had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
120:33
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
1945
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:37
The second part, โ€˜it brokeโ€™.
1946
7237840
2000
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๊นจ์กŒ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:40
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
1947
7240480
4080
๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
120:44
that happened later than the first action.
1948
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2480
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์ž‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:47
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, โ€˜for two monthsโ€™.
1949
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
120:53
โ€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.โ€™
1950
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3920
'์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
120:58
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
1951
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4960
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:04
Let's take a look at the next example.
1952
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2080
๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:07
โ€˜Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.โ€™
1953
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4800
'์ง์€ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์–ด์š”.'
121:12
Again, we have subject โ€˜hadโ€™, past participle.
1954
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4880
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด 'had', ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:17
And then we have the past simple โ€˜he got a puppyโ€™.
1955
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4400
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ 'he got a puppy'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:22
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
1956
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:28
He had been lonely for a long time.
1957
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:32
That is until the later action, โ€˜he got a puppy.โ€™
1958
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:36
And finally, โ€˜She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.โ€™
1959
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6240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
121:44
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
1960
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:47
It happened before she became my wife.
1961
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3440
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:52
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
1962
7312080
4960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
121:57
Let's move on.
1963
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1200
๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
121:58
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
1964
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5360
์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:04
Take a look at the board.
1965
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1120
๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
122:06
The first sentence says, โ€˜I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.โ€™
1966
7326000
6160
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:12
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
1967
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5680
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:19
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
1968
7339200
3840
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™
122:23
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
1969
7343040
4640
์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:28
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
1970
7348400
6160
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:34
the โ€˜hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
1971
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3440
'had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
122:38
So I say, โ€˜I have not eatenโ€™.
1972
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2880
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ฐฅ ์•ˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
122:42
Or I can use the contraction
1973
7362240
2000
๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
122:44
and say, โ€˜I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.โ€™
1974
7364240
5200
'์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
122:50
The next sentence is very similar.โ€™
1975
7370240
2000
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.'
122:52
โ€˜She had not been to the circus before she went last week.โ€™
1976
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4080
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์ปค์Šค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
122:57
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
1977
7377680
3600
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:01
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
1978
7381280
3680
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:05
However, again, because it's negative,
1979
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3120
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
123:08
I put a 'not' between โ€˜hadโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
1980
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5200
'had'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:14
Also, I can use the contraction and say, โ€˜She hadn't been to the circus.โ€™
1981
7394480
5280
๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„œ์ปค์Šค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:21
The next sentence says,
1982
7401120
1520
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
123:22
โ€˜The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.โ€™
1983
7402640
5200
'๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ซ“์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„
123:28
Remember, we can show duration,
1984
7408560
2400
์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
123:30
or how long the first action was true.
1985
7410960
2960
ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
123:33
by using 'for' and a duration.
1986
7413920
2480
'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ.
123:37
Because this is the negative form,
1987
7417360
2240
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
123:39
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
1988
7419600
7280
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'had not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
123:46
In this case, the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is already there for you.
1989
7426880
4000
. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
123:52
โ€˜We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.โ€™
1990
7432000
4720
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
123:57
That's a pretty short time.
1991
7437360
1920
๊ฝค ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—์š”.
123:59
It shows the duration by saying โ€˜forโ€™, How long?
1992
7439280
3760
'for', ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:03
โ€˜three monthsโ€™
1993
7443040
800
'3๊ฐœ์›”'
124:04
Let's move on.
1994
7444640
880
๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ž.
124:06
Now, let's take a look at questions using โ€˜hadโ€™ in the past perfect tense.
1995
7446080
5120
์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ 'had'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:11
Take a look at the first sentence.
1996
7451840
2160
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
124:14
It says, โ€˜She had eaten lunch by noon.โ€™
1997
7454000
3360
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:18
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
1998
7458160
3760
์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:21
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
1999
7461920
4000
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:25
So instead of โ€˜she hadโ€™, we say โ€˜Had sheโ€™.
2000
7465920
3360
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'she had' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'Had she'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:30
โ€˜Had she eaten lunch by noon?โ€™
2001
7470000
2000
'์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
124:32
You can say, โ€˜Yes, she had.โ€™
2002
7472960
4594
'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:37
or โ€˜No, she hadn't.โ€™
2003
7477554
286
124:37
The next sentence says, โ€˜It had rained before they left.โ€™
2004
7477840
3760
๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:42
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
2005
7482240
4320
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:46
Instead of โ€˜It hadโ€™, say โ€˜Had itโ€™ to make a question.
2006
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'It had' ๋Œ€์‹  'Had it'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
124:51
โ€˜Had it rained before they left?โ€™
2007
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
124:54
To reply you can say, โ€˜Yes, it had.โ€™
2008
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
124:59
or โ€˜No, it hadn't.โ€™
2009
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
125:00
Let's move on now.
2010
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:02
I'll go into how to form โ€˜WHโ€™ questions in the past perfect tense.
2011
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:07
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
125:09
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:14
โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””์„œ', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '๋ฌด์—‡์„', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'.
125:19
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:22
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
125:25
You'll notice that after each โ€˜WHโ€™ word, we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
2017
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๊ฐ 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'had'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:30
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
2018
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:36
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
125:39
The next question says, โ€˜Who had she talked to before?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:44
This is the same thing the โ€˜WHโ€™ word
2021
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์ด๋Š” 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด
125:48
โ€˜had sheโ€™ and then the past participle.
2022
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'had she'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:52
You'll notice here that we have the word โ€˜beforeโ€™, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
2023
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '์ด์ „'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
125:59
If you see that it simply means before now.
2024
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:03
The next question says, โ€˜What had he eaten before lunch?โ€™
2025
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์ ์‹ฌ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:08
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says โ€˜lunch for you'.
2026
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'lunch for you'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:15
The last one says,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
126:16
โ€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?โ€™
2028
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ 
126:21
Again how long โ€˜hadโ€™ + โ€˜subjectโ€™ and then the past participle.
2029
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 'had' + '์ฃผ์–ด'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:28
Let's take a look at howย  to answer these questions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:32
โ€˜Where had he traveled before?โ€™
2031
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
126:35
โ€˜He had traveled to Europe.โ€™
2032
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
126:37
is one possible answer.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
126:40
โ€˜Who had she talked to before?โ€™
2034
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”?'
126:43
Here I can say, โ€˜She had talked to her brother.โ€™
2035
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ค๋น ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
126:48
โ€˜What had he eaten before lunch?โ€™
2036
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
126:51
โ€˜He had eaten sushi before lunch.โ€™
2037
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ „์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
126:54
And finally, โ€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?โ€™
2038
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
127:00
โ€˜She had known him for three years.โ€™
2039
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.'
127:02
That is one possible answer.
2040
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:05
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
127:07
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
2042
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:14
Take a look at the first sentence.
2043
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
127:16
โ€˜I blank for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
2044
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
127:20
The verb here is โ€˜workโ€™.
2045
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:23
Remember, we need to say โ€˜I hadโ€™.
2046
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:26
No matter what the subject is, say โ€˜hadโ€™.
2047
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
127:31
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:35
In this case, we would say โ€˜workedโ€™.
2049
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:41
โ€˜I had worked for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
2050
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
127:45
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
127:50
โ€˜We blank TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
2052
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
127:56
Remember, for the negative form, we say โ€˜had notโ€™
2053
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'had not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
127:59
or we use the contraction, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
128:04
โ€˜We hadnโ€™tโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
128:06
And then, we need the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:11
โ€˜We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
2057
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
128:17
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
128:22
โ€˜Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
2059
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'Reggie๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
128:27
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is correct.
2060
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:34
However, we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:39
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
128:41
โ€˜Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
2063
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'๋ ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
128:46
And finally, โ€˜Sally and Jan or they had do their job.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 'Sally์™€ Jan ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
128:53
Hmm.
2065
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ํ .
128:54
Remember, we need the past participle.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:57
We don't say do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
128:58
We say โ€˜doneโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:00
โ€˜Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.โ€™
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'Sally์™€ Jan์€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
129:06
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
129:07
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
129:11
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
129:15
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:18
โ€˜You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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'์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋ฉํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .'
129:23
Remember, we start with the subject and then โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'had'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:27
So I'm going to add that here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:30
then we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:34
And that is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:37
โ€˜You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
129:42
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
129:44
โ€˜They blank for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:49
Again, no matter what the subject, we have โ€˜hadโ€™ and then the past participle.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
129:55
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
129:57
โ€˜They had studied for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:03
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
130:07
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:11
โ€˜They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
130:17
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
130:20
Well, we have the subject and โ€˜hadโ€™, but check this out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'had'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
130:24
There are two past participles here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:26
We need to get rid of one of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:30
We can take out this verb and say, โ€˜They had known each other for ten years
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€
130:36
before they had their first fight.โ€™
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์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:39
The next sentence says, โ€˜I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:47
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:50
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” 'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
130:55
โ€˜I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
131:03
Good job, everybody.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
131:04
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
131:05
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
131:07
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:11
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€
131:14
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
131:17
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด
131:21
I know you'll master it.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:23
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:34
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
131:35
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:37
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
131:42
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
131:45
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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. ๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
131:49
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€
131:55
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
132:01
past that continued up to another point in the
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
132:04
past.
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.
132:05
You can use โ€˜forโ€™ and a duration to talk about
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'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
132:09
how long that action was in progress.
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
132:12
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
132:14
โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
132:19
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฐจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:21
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:26
For example, โ€˜I had beenโ€™, โ€˜Chuck had beenโ€™,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค', 'Chuck์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค',
132:30
And โ€˜Tom and Kim had been.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'Tom and Kim์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
132:33
And then we follow with the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:36
โ€˜waitingโ€™.
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'๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘'.
132:38
โ€˜I had been waiting.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
132:39
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:44
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:48
The second part says, โ€˜it arrivedโ€™.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:51
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
132:54
Therefore, that is the second action.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‹ค.
132:57
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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์ด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
133:03
so again, โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus,โ€™ happened
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๋˜ '๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
133:07
first.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ.
133:08
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:13
โ€˜Chuck had been cooking,โ€™ Again, that part's easy.
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'์ฒ™์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.' ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:17
No matter whatโ€™s the subject, we say โ€˜had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:23
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying โ€˜for an hourโ€™, showing
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ Chuck์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ
133:29
the duration.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:31
And then, I finished by saying, โ€˜before he finishedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:35
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:39
Finally, โ€˜Tom and Kim had been walking,โ€™ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ํ‚ด์€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค', ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์…จ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
133:46
โ€˜for an hourโ€™ Again, that shows duration.
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'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ' ๋˜, ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:50
โ€˜before they rested.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.'
133:52
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
133:58
Before they rested.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.
134:00
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
134:01
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
134:07
past.
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.
134:08
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
134:13
why something happened.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด์œ , ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:15
We can use โ€˜becauseโ€™ or โ€˜soโ€™ to show the cause and effect.
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด'์ด๋‚˜ '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:20
Here, I'll explain.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:22
โ€˜Jason was tired because he had been jogging.โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
134:27
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:31
โ€˜Jason was tired,โ€™ However, we see โ€˜why?โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™œ?'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:36
Well, because, โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”'.
134:39
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:44
โ€˜he had beenโ€™, remember no matter what the subject,
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'he had been', ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
134:48
we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™ and jogging โ€“ โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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'had been'๊ณผ ์กฐ๊น… โ€“ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing'์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:53
โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ด์Šจ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
134:59
The next sentence says, โ€˜The pavementโ€™ or it โ€˜was wet because
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ' ๋˜๋Š” ' ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
135:04
it had been raining.โ€™
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.
135:06
Similar to the first sentence, โ€˜it had been rainingโ€™ shows the cause.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
135:12
Why was the pavement wet?
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์™œ ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
135:14
โ€˜The pavement was wet because it had been raining.โ€™
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'๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
135:19
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:22
โ€˜The children had been playingโ€™ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
135:28
tense.
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.
135:29
โ€˜had been playingโ€™ The second part says, โ€˜the room was a messโ€™.
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'๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด' ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋ฐฉ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:34
So here, instead of โ€˜becauseโ€™ like the first two sentences,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ '์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด'
135:38
I used โ€˜soโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:40
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
135:44
This, โ€˜the children had been playingโ€™ is why the room was a mess.
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋๋‹ค.
135:50
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
135:55
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
135:57
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:02
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
136:04
โ€˜I had not been working for a day before I quit.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
136:09
So no matter what the subject โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด 'I', 'you', 'she', 'it'๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
136:14
just like in the affirmative, we say โ€˜hadโ€™, but after the โ€˜hadโ€™, in the negative form,
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๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'had' ๋’ค์—
136:20
we add โ€˜notโ€™. โ€˜had notโ€™
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'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. 'had not'
136:23
โ€˜had notโ€™ or you can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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'had not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'hadn't'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:28
Which is a combination of โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ together.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ '์•Š๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:32
โ€˜I had not been workingโ€™ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค' ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:37
โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™ โ€˜I had not been working for a day before
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'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing' '๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
136:43
I quit.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
136:44
The next sentence says, โ€˜You had not been cutting onions for long
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–‘ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅธ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
136:49
before you cried.โ€™
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์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:51
Again, the โ€˜notโ€™ goes between โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'had'์™€ 'be' ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” 'not'์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
136:56
โ€˜She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
137:00
Here, we have the contraction.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:03
And finally, โ€˜It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๋ˆˆ์ด ๊ทธ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
137:07
stopped.โ€™
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.'
137:08
Again, we have the contraction for โ€˜had notโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ 'had not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:12
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used โ€˜beforeโ€™.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ด์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:16
And in the last two, I used โ€˜whenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
137:19
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ค‘์ง€๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:24
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
137:25
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:32
Here is the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:34
โ€˜He had been driving all day before he arrived.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
137:38
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
137:44
two words.
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.
137:45
Instead of โ€˜He hadโ€™, now I can say, โ€˜Had heโ€™, in order to form a question.
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์ด์ œ 'He had' ๋Œ€์‹  'Had he'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
137:52
โ€˜Had he been driving all day before he arrived?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
137:56
The next sentence says, โ€˜The dog had been barking because it was
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‹ค
138:01
scared.โ€™
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'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:02
In this case, the subject is โ€˜The dogโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'The dog'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:06
And then we follow with โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'had'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:08
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:13
โ€˜Had the dog been barking because it was scared?โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
138:17
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:23
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„
138:29
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:32
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:36
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
138:38
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:45
Take a look at these examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
138:47
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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๋ชจ๋‘ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:51
Why, where, what, and who.
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์™œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ.
138:55
You might also have noticed that after we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
138:59
โ€˜Why hadโ€™ โ€˜Where hadโ€™
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'Why had' 'Where had'
139:01
โ€˜What hadโ€™ and โ€˜Who hadโ€™
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'What had' ๋ฐ 'Who had'
139:04
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:09
โ€˜Why had youโ€™ And then โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™
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'Why had you' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing'
139:14
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
139:18
So โ€˜Why had you been studying so much?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‚˜?' '
139:22
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I had been studying so much because I have
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์‹œํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
139:27
a test.โ€™
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.
139:29
โ€˜Where had you been traveling before you came here?โ€™
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'์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'
139:33
I can say, โ€˜I had been traveling through Asia.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
139:38
โ€˜What had they been playing before they played soccer?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
139:42
I can answer, โ€˜They had been playing baseball.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
139:46
And finally, โ€˜Who had she been talking to before she
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”
139:51
left home?โ€™
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?'
139:52
I can answer, โ€˜She had been talking to her boyfriend.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
139:56
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
139:58
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:02
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
140:05
It says, โ€˜They __ for a long time before they went home.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ __ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:10
Try to fill in the blank with the verb โ€˜workโ€™ in this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'work'๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
140:16
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:22
So we say, โ€˜They had beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:26
What happens to the verb?
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
140:28
Remember, we add โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
140:33
So the sentence is, โ€˜They had been working for a long time before they went home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:40
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:43
I want you to use the negative.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
140:46
โ€˜I __ TV for a year before I started again.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
140:52
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
140:57
and then โ€˜had not beenโ€™.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” 'had not been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:02
Or I can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:05
โ€˜I hadn't beenโ€™ And then again, verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'I hadn't been' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'.
141:12
โ€˜I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
141:18
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
141:24
โ€˜Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.โ€™
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'์ง€๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
141:30
What's the error?
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
141:32
You'll notice that the verb does not have an โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” '-ing'๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:39
To make the sentence correct, we must say, โ€˜Gina and I hadn't been doing
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์ง€๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š”
141:45
any work before we started.โ€™
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
141:48
Now, find the mistake here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
141:51
โ€˜He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
141:58
โ€˜He hadโ€™, that's correct, but we need to change โ€˜beโ€™ to beenโ€™.
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'He had'๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'be'๋ฅผ been'์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:05
And โ€˜watchingโ€™ is correct.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋ณธ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:07
So, โ€˜He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
142:12
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
142:14
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:20
Take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
142:22
It says, โ€˜The company __ employees because they worked hard.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” __์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:28
Use the verb โ€˜promoteโ€™ in the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ 'promote'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
142:33
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:38
So we say, โ€˜The company had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™, so โ€˜promotingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'The company had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'promotioning'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
142:49
โ€˜The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.โ€™
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'ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ์Šน์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
142:55
The next example says, โ€˜I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์ŠคํŒธ ํด๋”๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ __ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
143:01
folder.โ€™
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.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:02
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb โ€˜getโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'get' ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
143:08
Remember, in the negative form, we say โ€˜had not been gettingโ€™
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'had not been getting'
143:13
Or the contraction โ€˜hadn't been gettingโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜• 'had't been getting'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:20
โ€˜I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์ŠคํŒธ ํด๋”๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
143:27
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
143:32
โ€˜I had been work a lot because I needed the money.โ€™
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'๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
143:37
What's the mistake?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์•ผ?
143:39
Remember, we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
143:45
โ€˜I had been working a lot because I needed the money.โ€™
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'๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
143:50
The last sentence says, โ€˜He has been smoking because he was stressed.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์› ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
143:56
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
143:58
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:02
In this case, we need โ€˜hadโ€™ after the subject, not โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'had'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:09
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
144:10
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
144:11
Thank you so much for watching thisย  grammar course on the past tense.ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:15
Now, if you havenโ€™t had a chance to checkย  out my grammar course on the present tenseย ย 
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์ด์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
144:20
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see youย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
144:25
next time. Bye.ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ˆ๋…•.
144:35
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
144:36
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:37
In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 'will'๊ณผ 'be Going to'๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
144:40
using 'will' and 'be going to'.
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.
144:43
This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:49
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:54
The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
144:59
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:01
โ€˜I'm cold.โ€™
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'์ถ”์›Œ์š”.'
145:03
Well that's right now.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:05
โ€˜I will close the window.โ€™
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'์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
145:07
We start with the subject โ€˜willโ€™.
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'will'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:10
And then, the base verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:12
โ€˜I will close the window.โ€™
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'์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
145:14
In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:20
I will close the window because I'm cold right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ถ”์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„๊ฒŒ์š”.
145:24
โ€˜I will be at the library tomorrow.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
145:28
Again, you start with the subject and then โ€˜willโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:32
After that, you have the base verb.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:35
You can use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to talk about a confirmed plan.
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ํ™•์ •๋œ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:39
โ€˜I will be at the library tomorrow.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
145:43
The economy will get better next year.
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๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:46
In this case, the subject is โ€˜the economyโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ฒฝ์ œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:50
Again, we follow with โ€˜willโ€™ and the base verb โ€˜getโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 'will'๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ 'get'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
145:54
โ€˜The economy will get better next year.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
145:57
I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:02
And finally, โ€˜I will help you with your homework.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.'
146:06
I'm making a future plan to help you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:09
โ€˜I will help you with your homework.โ€™
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'์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค„๊ฒŒ.'
146:12
It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.
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์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:16
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
146:18
You can also use โ€˜be going toโ€™ to express a future action.
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๋˜ํ•œ 'be Going to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:22
It's almost the same as โ€˜willโ€™.
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'will'๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:25
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
146:27
โ€˜There's no milk.
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'์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
146:29
I'm going to buy some.โ€™
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์ข€ ์‚ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.'
146:32
So what you see here is the subject and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜amโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'am'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:37
โ€˜I amโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š”'
146:38
And then here we used a contraction โ€˜I'mโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š”'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:42
โ€˜I'm going to buy some.โ€™
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'์ข€ ์‚ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.'
146:44
I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.
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์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ข€ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
146:49
The next sentence says, โ€˜It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด์ผ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:54
Here the subject is โ€˜itโ€™ and so I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'it'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
146:59
โ€˜it isโ€™
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'์ด๋‹ค'
147:00
โ€˜It'sโ€™ is the contraction.
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'์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:04
โ€˜It's going toโ€™ And then we use the base verb โ€˜snowโ€™.
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'It's Going to' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ 'snow'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:09
The word โ€˜tomorrowโ€™ shows that this is a future action.
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'๋‚ด์ผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:15
โ€˜He's going to take a trip in the summer.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
147:18
Because the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ is.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:23
And we can use the contraction โ€˜he'sโ€™. โ€˜he isโ€™ or โ€˜he'sโ€™ going to
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'he's'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'he is' ๋˜๋Š” 'he's' Going to
147:29
And then the base verb โ€˜takeโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ 'take'
147:32
โ€˜take a trip in the summerโ€™
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'take a travel in the summer'
147:34
Again an action happening in the future.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:37
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
147:39
Now, let's take a look at the negative form of
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ
147:42
the future simple tense.
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์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
147:44
The first example says, โ€˜Stan will not like his English score.โ€™
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Stan์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:49
No matter what the subject is, we follow with โ€˜will notโ€™ and then the
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'will not'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ 
147:54
base form of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
147:56
โ€˜Stan will not like his English score.โ€™
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'์Šคํƒ ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
148:01
โ€˜We won't give you money anymore.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
148:04
In this case, the subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:06
And we follow with the contraction โ€˜won'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'won't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:10
It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•๊ณผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
148:14
but โ€˜won'tโ€™ is the contraction for โ€˜will notโ€™
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'won't'๋Š” 'will not'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
148:17
so you can say โ€˜we will notโ€™ or โ€˜we won'tโ€™.
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'we will not' ๋˜๋Š” 'we will not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:21
They're the same.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:23
โ€˜We won't give you money anymore.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
148:26
Again, you notice the base verb โ€˜giveโ€™ after โ€˜notโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'not' ๋’ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ 'give'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
148:31
โ€˜He is not going to fly until next week.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
148:58
This sentence uses โ€˜be going toโ€™. The subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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148:58
And therefore the โ€˜beโ€™ verb we use is โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™
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148:58
However we put a โ€˜notโ€™ after the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'be Going to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” โ€“ 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ทธ๋Š” ...ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ.
148:59
โ€˜He is not going to โ€ฆโ€™ And then the base verb.
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148:59
โ€˜He is not going to fly until next week.โ€™
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148:59
The last sentence says, โ€˜You are not going to go to the party tonight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:05
The subject is โ€˜youโ€™ and so we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:10
โ€˜You are not going to go โ€ฆโ€™ That's the base verb.
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ...' ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:14
โ€˜โ€ฆ to the party tonight.โ€™
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'...์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—.'
149:16
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
149:17
Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:24
The first sentence says, โ€˜He will play with us.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:27
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
149:32
first two words.
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.
149:34
So โ€˜He will becomes โ€˜Will heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์œŒ ๊ทธ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:37
โ€˜Will he play with us?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ๋†€์•„์ค„๊นŒ?'
149:39
โ€˜The next sentence says, โ€˜He is going to play with us.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:44
This one uses โ€˜be going toโ€™.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 'be Going to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:46
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๋‹ค.
149:48
And so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to use is โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:52
Then we have โ€˜going toโ€™ and then the base verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'going to'์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
149:56
โ€˜He is going to play with us.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
149:58
When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:04
โ€˜Is he going to play with us?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ๋†€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?'
150:07
Now if the subject were to be โ€˜youโ€™ or โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‹น์‹ ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
150:12
we would say โ€˜they areโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:14
And so the question would say, โ€˜Are they'.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:17
'Are they going to play with them?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
150:19
for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
150:21
So again, remember, for โ€˜willโ€™ in the future simple tense,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ 'will'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
150:26
just say โ€˜willโ€™ subject and then the base form of the verb.
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'will' ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:31
However for โ€˜be going toโ€™ questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'be Going to' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• 
150:37
'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
150:40
To answer the first question, โ€˜Will he play with us?โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ• ๊นŒ์š”?'์— ๋‹ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:44
You can say โ€˜Yes, he willโ€™ or โ€˜No, he won'tโ€™.
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:49
โ€˜Is he going to play with us?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ๋†€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?'
150:51
You can say, โ€˜Yes, he's going toโ€™ or โ€˜No, he isn't going toโ€™.
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
150:57
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
150:58
Let's look at how to form โ€˜WHโ€™ questions in the future simple tense.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:04
If you notice each question begins with a โ€˜WHโ€™ word.
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๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
151:08
Who
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€
151:09
When
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์–ธ์ œ
151:10
Where
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์–ด๋””์„œ
151:11
And What
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„
151:13
The first two sentences use โ€˜willโ€™ for the future simple tense.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:18
โ€˜Who will win the game?โ€™
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'๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธธ๊นŒ?'
151:20
To answer I can say, โ€˜My team will win the game.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์ด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
151:24
โ€˜When will they arrive?โ€™
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'์–ธ์ œ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
151:27
โ€˜They will arrive in two hours.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
151:30
Now these two sentences have โ€˜be going toโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'be Going to'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:35
โ€˜Where is he going to study?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”?'
151:38
In this case, I have the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:43
โ€˜Where is he going to study?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”?'
151:46
I can say, โ€˜He is going to study at the library.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
151:50
And finally, โ€˜What are you going to do?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?'
151:54
In this case, I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜youโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'you'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
151:59
โ€˜What are you going to do?โ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?'
152:01
โ€˜I am going to take a shower.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
152:04
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
152:05
For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์˜์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:11
The first example says, โ€˜Jen and Paul [blank] home soonโ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
152:16
with the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ 'go'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'Jen and Paul [๊ณต๋ฐฑ] ์ง‘์— ๊ณง'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:18
Remember, when using โ€˜willโ€™ for the future simple tense,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด
152:22
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
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๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
152:25
We say โ€˜willโ€™ and then the base verb.
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'will'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:28
So here we can say, โ€˜Jen and Paulโ€™ or โ€˜They will go home soonโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'Jen and Paul' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณง ์ง‘์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:36
โ€˜I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
152:40
Try filling in the blank with โ€˜beโ€™.
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๋นˆ์นธ์„ 'be'๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
152:43
Again, we simply say โ€˜will beโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ '~ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
152:47
โ€˜I will be a scientist after I graduate.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
152:52
Now try this one, โ€˜We [blank] that because it smells bad.โ€™
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” [๊ณต๋ฐฑ]ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
152:58
I want you to use the negative form with the verb โ€˜eatโ€™.
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'๋จน๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
153:03
Here we say, โ€˜will not eatโ€™ or remember we can use the contraction โ€˜won'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'will not eat'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 'won't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
153:13
โ€˜We will not eat thatโ€™ or โ€˜We won't eat that because it smells badโ€™.
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'์ €๊ฑฐ ์•ˆ ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ' ํ˜น์€ '์ €๊ฑด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ'.
153:20
Now look for the mistake in this sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
153:25
โ€˜I will eat a pizza for lunch.โ€™
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'์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์„๊ฒŒ์š”.'
153:29
Remember, we need the base form of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
153:33
โ€˜I will eat a pizza for lunch.โ€™
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'์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์„๊ฒŒ์š”.'
153:37
โ€˜Angie and I will playing a game.โ€™
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'์•ค์ง€์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
153:41
Again we need the base form of the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
153:45
Angie and I will play a game.โ€™
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์•ค์ง€์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
153:49
And finally, โ€˜Will she be cook dinner?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
153:53
This is a question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
153:55
However we need to say, โ€˜Will she cook dinner.โ€™
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:01
We do not need a โ€˜beโ€™ verb here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:04
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
154:06
Let's practice the โ€˜be going toโ€™ usage of the future simple tense.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be Going to' ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
154:11
โ€˜We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” [๊ณต๋ฐฑ] ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ _blank_ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
154:15
I want you to use the verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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'watch'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:18
Remember, for โ€˜be going toโ€™ in the future simple tense,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'be Going to'์—์„œ๋Š”
154:22
we start with the subject and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:26
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:28
So we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'are'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:31
โ€˜We are going toโ€™ and then the base verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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'We are Going to' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ 'watch'๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:38
โ€˜We are going to watch soccer.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
154:41
โ€˜I [blank] going to [blank].โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” [๊ณต๋ฐฑ]์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
154:44
The verb is โ€˜talkโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋งํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:46
And I want you to use the negative form.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:50
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:52
And so I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜amโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'am'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:56
โ€˜I amโ€™ and then we need โ€˜notโ€™.
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'๋‚˜๋Š”'์ด๊ณ  '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
154:59
โ€˜I am not going toโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ'
155:03
Then the base verb โ€˜talkโ€™.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ '๋งํ•˜๋‹ค'.
155:07
โ€˜Why [blank] you going to [blank]?โ€™
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'์™œ [๊ณต๋ฐฑ]์œผ๋กœ [๊ณต๋ฐฑ]์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
155:10
The verb here is โ€˜goโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ€๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:12
In a question, especially a โ€˜WHโ€™ question, we start with the โ€˜WHโ€™ word,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ, ํŠนํžˆ 'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
155:18
and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๋‹ค์Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:20
โ€˜areโ€™ is the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb because the subject is โ€˜youโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'you'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'are'๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:24
Then we have โ€˜going toโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ '๊ฐ€๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:27
And again, the base form of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:30
โ€˜Why are you going to go?โ€™
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'์™œ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
155:33
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
155:38
โ€˜You are going to studying at home.โ€™
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'๋„ˆ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
155:41
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
155:44
โ€˜You are going toโ€™ that's correct.
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'~ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •'์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:47
But we need the base form of the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
155:50
โ€˜You are going to study at home.โ€™
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'๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
155:55
โ€˜You will be going to learn English.โ€™
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'๋„ˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
155:59
โ€˜You will be goingโ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
156:02
That sounds a little strange.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:04
Remember, we don't need the โ€˜willโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '์˜์ง€'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:07
We're using โ€˜be going toโ€™ and we need to change the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to match the subject.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be Going to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:15
โ€˜You are going to learn Englishโ€™.
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'๋„ˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'.
156:18
Or remember, you can also say, โ€˜You will learn English.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 'You will learn English'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
156:23
and finally โ€˜Is he going to do play soccer.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?'
156:28
uh-oh We have two verbs here.
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์–ด-์˜ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:30
โ€˜Is he going toโ€™ - that's correct.
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€' - ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:33
But we have โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜playโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 'ํ•  ๊ฒƒ'๊ณผ '๋†€๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:36
We don't need both, so we say, โ€˜Is he going to play soccer?โ€™
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ '์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ถ•๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
156:42
Great job everybody.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
156:43
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
156:45
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
156:46
You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:50
There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ง ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
156:55
Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video.ย 
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๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:06
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
157:07
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:08
In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:14
This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:19
I'll go over the basics of this lesson.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:22
And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:26
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:32
One usage of the future continuous tense
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€
157:35
is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:40
We include when this action will be happening.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:43
We can use โ€˜will beโ€™ or โ€˜be going to beโ€™.
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'~์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค', '~์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:47
To do this, let's take a look at some examples.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
157:51
โ€˜I will be taking the test soon.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
157:54
So you can see here we have the subject and then โ€˜will beโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ 'will be'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:00
After that, we include verb +ing.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:03
The word โ€˜soonโ€™ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” '๊ณง'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:10
โ€˜I am going to be taking the test soon.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
158:14
This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป
158:18
but instead of โ€˜will beโ€™, we used โ€˜be going to beโ€™.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ 'will be' ๋Œ€์‹  'be Going to be'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:23
Here the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:25
And therefore we have the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜amโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'am'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:28
โ€˜I am going to beโ€™ And then verb +ing.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ +ing.
158:33
โ€˜I am going to be taking the test soon.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.'
158:36
I can also use the contraction and say.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:39
โ€˜I'm going to be taking the test soon.โ€™
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'๋‚˜ ๊ณง ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
158:43
The next sentence says, โ€˜He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'He will be sleep by 10 pm'
158:48
And the last sentence says, โ€˜They are going to be โ€ฆโ€™
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์ด๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
158:52
Here, because the subject is โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜areโ€™.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
158:55
โ€˜They are going to be studying โ€ฆโ€™ There's the verb +ing
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค...' ๋™์‚ฌ +ing
158:59
โ€˜โ€ฆ next October.โ€™
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'...next October'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:02
โ€˜by 10 pmโ€™ and โ€˜next Octoberโ€™ show when these actions will be happening.
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'์˜คํ›„ 10์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€' ๋ฐ '๋‚ด๋…„ 10์›”'์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:09
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
159:10
The future continuous tense is also used to show
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
159:14
that a short action in the future is happening
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”
159:18
during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.
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๋™์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์งง์€ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:23
We can use the word โ€˜whenโ€™ to show when the shorter action occurs.
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๋” ์งง์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์–ธ์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:28
Take a look at the first example,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
159:31
โ€˜I will be sleeping when they arrive.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
159:34
Here we see two actions,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
159:36
โ€˜I will be sleepingโ€™ and โ€˜they arriveโ€™.
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'I will be ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š”
159:41
The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
159:46
that's in progress in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
159:49
โ€˜I will be sleeping.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
159:51
Remember, โ€˜I will beโ€™ and then verb +ing.
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'I will be'๋ฅผ ์“ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
159:56
This is the action that is ongoing in the future.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋  ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค.
160:00
Then we see โ€˜when they arriveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:03
This is in the present tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:05
โ€˜they arriveโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค'
160:07
This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ์งง์€ ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:14
โ€˜We will be having dinner when the movie starts.โ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
160:18
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ โ€‹โ€‹์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:21
โ€˜We will be having dinner โ€ฆโ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...'
160:23
That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‹ค.
160:27
And while this is happening, the movie will start.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:31
But again, we use the present tense here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:34
โ€˜the movie startsโ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค'
160:36
So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
160:41
โ€˜Tina is going to be working when you leave.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.'
160:44
Remember, we can use โ€˜be going to beโ€™ in this tense so,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'be Going to be'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฆ‰,
160:50
โ€˜She is going to be working when you leave.โ€™
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'She is Going to be Working when ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:53
This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.
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์ด ์งง์€ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
160:59
And finally, โ€˜It will be raining when you go shoppingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'.
161:04
Again, this is the ongoing action.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:07
And this is the shorter action.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์งง์€ ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:10
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
161:11
Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:16
Here are some examples:
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:18
โ€˜He will not be reading before bed.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
161:22
For the negative form, after the subject and โ€˜willโ€™, we say โ€˜not beโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'will' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'not be'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:27
And then verb +ing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ +ing.
161:30
โ€˜He will not be reading before bed.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
161:33
He'll be doing something else.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:36
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
161:37
โ€˜My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.โ€™
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'๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์‘์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
161:41
So this is very similar to the first sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ โ€‹โ€‹์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:44
We have the subject, โ€˜my dad,โ€™
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'my father'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€
161:47
and instead of โ€˜will notโ€™ we use the contraction โ€˜won'tโ€™.
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์žˆ๊ณ  'will not' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'won't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
161:51
Remember, โ€˜won'tโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜will notโ€™.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
161:55
โ€˜My dad won't โ€ฆโ€™ and then we have โ€˜beโ€™ verb +ing.
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'My father will not...' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:01
โ€˜My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋น ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‘์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
162:05
The next sentence says, โ€˜He is not going to be working tomorrow.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:10
Here we have the โ€˜be going to beโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'be Going to be'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:13
So โ€˜heโ€™ is the subject and so we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'he'๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:18
After the โ€˜beโ€™ verb, we say โ€˜notโ€™.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:21
He is not going to โ€˜beโ€™ verb +ing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:26
โ€˜He is not going to be working tomorrow.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
162:30
Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
162:34
โ€˜He isn't going to be working tomorrow.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
162:37
That's okay as well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:39
โ€˜We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
162:58
Here the subject is โ€˜weโ€™. And so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb to use is โ€˜areโ€™.
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162:58
I use the contraction here โ€˜aren'tโ€™ for โ€˜are notโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'are not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'aren't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
162:59
โ€˜We are not โ€ฆโ€™ or โ€˜We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.โ€™
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162:59
Great job.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ...' ๋˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
163:00
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
163:01
Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:07
Take a look at this first sentence.
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
163:10
It says, โ€˜He will be traveling next month.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
163:14
Now, to turn this into a question,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
163:16
all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:20
So โ€˜He willโ€™ becomes โ€˜Will heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'He will'์€ 'Will he'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:24
โ€˜Will he be traveling next month?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ์š”?'
163:27
You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:31
Only the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ์š”.
163:33
So, โ€˜Will he be traveling next month?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ์š”?'
163:37
To answer you can say, โ€˜Yes, he will.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:40
or โ€˜No, he won't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
163:42
The next sentence says, โ€˜They are going to be living there.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:47
Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:54
โ€˜They areโ€™ becomes โ€˜Are theyโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด'๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
163:56
โ€˜Are they going to be living there?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
163:59
To reply you can say, โ€˜Yes, they are.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:03
or โ€˜No, they aren't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
164:05
Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
164:08
there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
164:14
future.
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.
164:15
There is no โ€˜next monthโ€™ or anything like that.
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'๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ' ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์—†์–ด์š”.
164:19
In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:23
So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:28
That's what that means.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:29
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
164:31
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
164:32
Now, I'll go into how to form โ€˜WHโ€™ questions in the future continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• 'WH' ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:38
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
164:40
First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the โ€˜Whโ€™ words -
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 'Wh' ๋‹จ์–ด, ์ฆ‰ 'Where', 'What', 'Who', 'When'
164:45
โ€˜Where,โ€™ โ€˜What,โ€™ โ€˜Who,โ€™ and โ€˜Whenโ€™.
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์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
164:49
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
164:52
โ€˜Where will he be working?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
164:55
When we use โ€˜will beโ€™, we start with โ€˜Whereโ€™ and then โ€˜willโ€™.
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'will be'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” 'Where'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'will'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:00
After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด + be, ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:06
โ€˜Where will he be working?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
165:08
I can answer by saying,
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๋‚˜๋Š”
165:10
โ€˜He willโ€™ or โ€˜He'll be working at the factory.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
165:15
The next question says, โ€˜What will she be watching?โ€™
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:19
This is very similar to the first question.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:22
The only difference is that the subject is now โ€˜sheโ€™ and the verb is different.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ 'she'์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:28
โ€˜What will she be watching?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?'
165:30
I can say, โ€˜She'll be watchingโ€™ or โ€˜She will be watching her favorite tv showโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:37
โ€˜Who will they be talking to?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?'
165:40
Again, very similar.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:42
To answer,I can say,
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
165:44
โ€˜They will be talking to their mom.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:48
The last question has โ€˜be going to beโ€™.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๋  ์˜ˆ์ •'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:51
โ€˜When are we โ€ฆโ€™ here the subject is โ€™weโ€™.
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'์–ธ์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”...' ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:55
So we start with the โ€˜be verbโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be ๋™์‚ฌ' โ€“ 'are'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
165:57
โ€˜When are we going to be meeting Casey?โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ€์ด์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
166:01
I can say,
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๋‚˜๋Š”
166:02
โ€˜We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผ€์ด์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:06
Good job, everybody.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
166:07
Letโ€™s move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
166:09
Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:12
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
166:15
It says, โ€˜They _blank_ at school tomorrow.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•™๊ต์— _blank_'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:18
I want you to use โ€˜will' and then the verb โ€˜studyโ€™, for this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—๋Š” 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'study'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:24
Remember, in the future continuous tense,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š”
166:27
no matter what the subject, we say โ€˜will beโ€™ and then verb +ing.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'will be'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
166:33
So the correct answer for this sentence is โ€˜they will be studyingโ€™
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'
166:40
โ€˜They will be studying at school tomorrow.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
166:44
The next sentence says.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
166:45
โ€˜Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.โ€™
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'Jesse๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— TV ์‡ผ๋ฅผ _blank_ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
166:49
Here, instead of โ€˜willโ€™ try to use โ€˜be going to beโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'will' ๋Œ€์‹  'be Going to be'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
166:55
โ€˜Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.โ€™
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'์ œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ _blank_ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.'
166:59
I want you to use the verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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'watch'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:02
So, Jessie is a โ€˜heโ€™ or it can be a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Jessie๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  '๊ทธ๋…€'์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:06
Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์†Œ๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:09
Either way I need to use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:12
โ€˜Jesse is going to beโ€™
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'Jesse is Going to be'
167:18
and then we need verb +ing.
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:22
โ€˜Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.โ€™
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'์ œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.'
167:28
The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:34
โ€˜We willnโ€™t be studying at the library today.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
167:39
โ€˜We will not โ€ฆโ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...' '
167:41
What's the contraction for โ€˜will notโ€™?
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
167:44
Well it definitely isn't โ€˜willnโ€™tโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ'์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:48
The contraction is โ€˜won'tโ€™.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
167:51
โ€˜We won't be studying at the library today.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
167:55
And finally, โ€˜Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
168:01
Remember, we need โ€˜will beโ€™ and then verb +ing.
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'will be'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
168:06
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
168:09
โ€˜Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.โ€™
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'์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
168:14
Good job, everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
168:15
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
168:16
Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:22
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
168:24
It says, โ€˜He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.โ€™
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'์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ ์•ž์— _blank_'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:28
I want you to use โ€˜willโ€™ and the verb โ€˜waitโ€™.
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'will'๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ 'wait'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:33
Remember, for this tense, we need โ€˜will beโ€™ and then verb +ing,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—๋Š” 'will be'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
168:39
so the correct answer is,
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ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€
168:41
โ€˜He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.โ€™
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'He will be wait at the door when the movie end.'
168:47
The next sentence says, โ€˜We are not โ€ฆโ€™ so this is a negative,
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ...'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ
168:52
โ€˜_blank_ the play when he performsโ€™.
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'_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
168:55
Here, instead of โ€˜willโ€™, I want you to use โ€˜be going to beโ€™ and the verb โ€˜seeโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'will' ๋Œ€์‹  'be Going to be'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'see'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:03
We already have part of that phrase for you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:06
โ€˜We are โ€ฆโ€™, here's the โ€˜beโ€™ verb, โ€˜notโ€™
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'We are ...', ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , 'not'์€
169:09
so this is negative.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:11
And then we say โ€˜going to beโ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'going to be'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ
169:16
and then verb +ing.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:20
โ€˜We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
169:25
Now find the mistake in this sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
169:28
โ€˜They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.โ€™
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'๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์›์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
169:34
โ€˜They won't beโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'
169:35
That's correct in the negative form.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:38
However, we need verb +ing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ +ing๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:42
โ€˜They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.โ€™
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'๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์›์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
169:47
And finally, โ€˜Terry is going to working when the manager arrivesโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •'์ด๋‹ค.
169:53
โ€˜Terryโ€™ is a โ€˜heโ€™ or โ€˜sheโ€™ so โ€˜isโ€™ is the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb to use.
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'Terry'๋Š” 'he' ๋˜๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'is'๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
169:59
โ€˜going toโ€™ that's also correct.
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'๊ฐ€๋‹ค'๋„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:02
What we're missing here is โ€˜beโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'be'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:06
โ€˜Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.โ€™
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'๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.'
170:11
Good job, everybody.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
170:12
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
170:14
Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:18
Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
170:24
I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:28
And I believe in you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:29
I'll see you in the next video.ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:39
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
170:40
Iโ€™m Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:42
In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
170:46
This tense is used to express an action in the future
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ 
170:50
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
170:53
This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
170:59
so keep watching.
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๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
171:04
The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ 
171:08
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
171:12
Let's look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:15
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
171:16
โ€˜The snow will have stopped by April.โ€™
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'4์›”์ด๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด ๊ทธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:20
We start with the subject.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:22
In this case, โ€˜The snowโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ˆˆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:25
Then, we follow with โ€˜will haveโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'will have'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:31
In this case, we used โ€˜stoppedโ€™ for the verb โ€˜stopโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ 'stop'์— 'stopped'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:36
At the end of the sentence, you'll notice โ€˜by Aprilโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— 'by April'์ด ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:40
โ€˜by Aprilโ€™ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.
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'4์›”๊นŒ์ง€'๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:48
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
171:49
โ€˜By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด 5๋…„์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
171:55
In this sentence,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
171:57
โ€˜By the time he graduatesโ€™ or the specific time in the future.
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'์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€' ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:01
comes at the beginning of the sentence
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๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ค๋ฏ€
172:04
so โ€˜byโ€™ plus โ€˜a time in the futureโ€™
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๋กœ 'by'์— '๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„'์ด
172:07
can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.
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๋์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:12
โ€˜By the time he graduates, he will have completedโ€ฆโ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™„์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...'
172:16
Again, you see โ€˜subject + will + haveโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, '์ฃผ์–ด + ์˜์ง€ + ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:22
In this case, โ€˜completedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:25
โ€˜By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” 5๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ์…ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
172:31
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
172:33
โ€˜Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.โ€™
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'์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ํŒ”์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‚˜์„ ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค.
172:37
In this example, โ€˜by the summerโ€™, the future specific time, comes at the end.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ 'by the summer'๊ฐ€ ๋์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:44
By this time in the future, her โ€˜armโ€™, that's the subject, will have โ€˜healedโ€™,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ด๋ง˜๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ 'ํŒ”'์€
172:51
the past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ '์น˜์œ '๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:53
Here I put โ€˜fullyโ€™ just to show how much it will have healed.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์น˜์œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์™„์ „ํžˆ'๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
172:58
Iโ€™m just adding an extra description.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:02
The last sentence says,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
173:03
โ€˜By next month, โ€ฆโ€™ so here we see โ€˜byโ€™ and โ€˜the timeโ€™ at the beginning of the
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'๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€, ...'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'by'์™€ 'the time'์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
173:08
sentence.
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.
173:09
โ€˜youโ€™, that's the subject.
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'๋„ˆ' ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ œ์•ผ.
173:12
โ€˜will have receivedโ€™, there's the past participle.
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'๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:15
โ€˜your promotion.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์Šน์ง„.'
173:17
Again, โ€˜By next month you will have received your promotion.โ€™
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, '๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
173:22
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
173:24
Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:29
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
173:31
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
173:33
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
173:34
โ€˜I will not have graduated from university by July.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
173:39
First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,
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๋จผ์ €, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” 'byJuly'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
173:46
โ€˜byJulyโ€™.
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.
173:47
Now for the negative form, what I do is say, โ€˜subjectโ€™ and โ€˜will not haveโ€™,
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '์ฃผ์–ด'์™€ '๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ
173:55
then we put the past participle of the verb.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
173:58
โ€˜I will not have graduated from university by July.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
174:05
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
174:06
โ€˜Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...โ€™
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'Ollie and Max will not have speaking ...'
174:10
There it is again, โ€˜will not haveโ€™ and then the past participle of speak ...
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ 'will not have'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” say์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ...
174:16
which is โ€˜spokenโ€™.
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๊ฐ€ 'spoken'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:17
โ€˜โ€ฆ before the plane leaves.โ€™
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'โ€ฆ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „.'
174:20
Here, instead of the word โ€˜byโ€™, we used โ€˜beforeโ€™ to show a specific time in the
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'by'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  'before'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
174:27
future.
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174:27
That's okay as well.
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.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:30
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
174:31
โ€˜You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
174:35
Here, again, we've used โ€˜by 6 p.m.โ€™ to show a time in the future.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ 'by 6 pm'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:41
And again, you see โ€˜you will not haveโ€™ and then the past participle of eat which
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ 'you will not have'์™€ eat์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ
174:48
is โ€˜eatenโ€™.
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'eated'๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
174:49
The last sentence says, โ€˜By noon โ€ฆโ€™, there's the time again,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์ •์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€...'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋˜
174:54
โ€˜I will not have taken off to Japan.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค
174:58
โ€˜takenโ€™ is the past participle of โ€˜takeโ€™.
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. 'taken'์€ 'take'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:02
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
175:04
Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:09
The first sentence here says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
175:12
โ€˜You will have gone to work by 10 a.m.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ์— ์ถœ๊ทผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
175:16
To turn this into a question, all we have to
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
175:18
do is switch the order of the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:22
โ€˜You willโ€™ becomes โ€˜Will youโ€™.
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€'์ด '๋‹น์‹ ์€'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:25
You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:31
โ€˜Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?โ€™
2795
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'์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'
175:34
You can answer by saying, โ€˜Yes, I will have.โ€™
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'๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒŒ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:38
or โ€˜No, I will have not.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
175:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜She will have woken up by noon.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์˜ค์ฏค์— ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:46
Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:52
โ€˜She willโ€™ becomes โ€˜Will sheโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'์ด '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
175:55
โ€˜Will she have woken up by noon?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ •์˜ค์ฏค์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ?'
175:58
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
2802
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:02
โ€˜Will she have woken up by noon?โ€™
2803
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ •์˜ค์ฏค์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ?'
176:05
To reply, you can say, โ€˜Yes, she will have.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:09
or โ€˜No, she will have not.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
176:12
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
176:14
Now, I'll talk about how to form โ€˜WHโ€™ questions in the future perfect tense.
2807
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ 'WH' ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:20
If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the โ€˜WHโ€™ word.
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์น ํŒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:26
โ€˜Whereโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and โ€˜whenโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””', '๋ฌด์—‡', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '์–ธ์ œ'.
176:31
Then after each โ€˜WHโ€™ word comes the word โ€˜willโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'will'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:35
โ€˜Where willโ€™ โ€˜What willโ€™
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'์–ด๋””์—' '๋ฌด์—‡์„'
176:37
โ€˜Who willโ€™ and โ€˜When willโ€™
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'๋ˆ„๊ฐ€' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์–ธ์ œ'
176:39
So let's take a look at the first question.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:43
โ€˜Where willโ€™โ€ฆโ€™ then you add โ€˜the subjectโ€™.
2814
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'์–ด๋””์—'โ€ฆ' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ '์ฃผ์ œ'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:46
In this case, โ€˜youโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋‹น์‹ '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:48
And then, โ€˜haveโ€™ and after that the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'have' ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:54
In this case, it's โ€˜traveledโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
176:56
โ€˜Where will you have traveled by December?โ€™
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'12์›”์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
177:00
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋…์ผ๊ณผ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
177:05
There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:10
The next question says, โ€˜What will they have done โ€ฆโ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€...'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:14
โ€˜doneโ€™ is the past participle of โ€˜doโ€™.
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'done'์€ 'do'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:16
โ€˜โ€ฆ by the end of the evening?โ€™
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'...์ €๋…์ฏค์—”?'
177:19
I can answer by saying, โ€˜They will have done their homework.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
177:24
The next question says, โ€˜Who will she have interviewed by 5 p.m.?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:30
Again, โ€˜who willโ€™ + the subject โ€˜haveโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, 'who will' + ์ฃผ์–ด 'have'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— '์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
177:37
I can answer this question by saying,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
177:39
โ€˜She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.โ€™
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• 
177:43
And finally, โ€˜When will they have started to learn?โ€™
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
177:47
One way to answer this question is to say,
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
177:50
โ€˜They will have started to learn in January.โ€™
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
177:54
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
177:56
Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
177:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
178:02
It says, โ€˜We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.โ€™
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'๋‚ด์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ๋น„์›Œ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค_'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:06
The verb to use is โ€˜readโ€™.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:10
Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
178:14
and we have that here, โ€˜weโ€™.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
178:17
Then say, โ€˜will haveโ€™ and the past participle of the verb.
2839
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'will have'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
178:22
So here we need to say โ€˜will haveโ€™.
2840
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'will have'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:26
What is the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™?
2841
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
178:30
The correct answer is โ€˜readโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ฝ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:35
They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.
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์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:39
โ€˜We will have read that book by tomorrow.โ€™
2844
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
178:43
The next sentence says, โ€˜She _blank_ the video by bedtime.โ€™
2845
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ทจ์นจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜์ƒ์„ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:49
Here we have โ€˜notโ€™ so I want you to try the negative form.
2846
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'not'์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:53
And the verb to try is โ€˜watchโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'watch'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
178:58
In the negative form, we start with the subject.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:01
And instead of โ€˜will haveโ€™, we say โ€˜will not haveโ€™.
2849
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ฐ–์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:06
โ€˜She will not have โ€ฆโ€™ Then we need the past participle of the verb.
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'She will not haveโ€ฆ' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:14
In this case, it is โ€˜watchedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๊ฐ์‹œ'๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:17
โ€˜She will not have watched the video by bedtime.โ€™
2852
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
179:22
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
179:27
โ€˜Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.โ€™
2854
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'๋ผ์ด์–ธ์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
179:32
This is the negative form because we have โ€˜will not haveโ€™.
2855
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'will not have'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:36
That's correct.
2856
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:37
But we need the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™.
2857
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:41
So we need to change it to โ€˜beenโ€™.
2858
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋์–ด์š”'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
179:45
โ€˜Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.โ€™
2859
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'๋ผ์ด์–ธ์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
179:49
The last sentence says, โ€˜I will have go to school by 8 30 a.m.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'I will have go to school by 8 30 am'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:56
Here, we have the affirmative, โ€˜will haveโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'will have'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
179:59
But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™ which is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์–ด ์˜ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'gone'์ธ 'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:06
โ€˜I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ 30๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'
180:11
Great job, everybody.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
180:12
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
180:14
Good job, guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
180:15
Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:19
I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:23
I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ
180:27
and I will guide you through it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:29
I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
180:40
Iโ€™m Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:42
Welcome to the last tense.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:44
If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,
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์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ด์ „ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์•„์ง ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
180:48
please go check them out now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
180:50
In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
180:55
This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋ 
180:59
or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
181:04
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
181:11
The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”
181:17
that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
181:24
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
181:26
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
181:28
โ€˜She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
181:33
So no matter what the subject, in this case we have โ€˜sheโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'she'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
181:38
we follow with โ€˜will have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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'will have been'์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์ด ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
181:43
So, โ€˜She will have been living in Ireland โ€ฆโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'She will have been living in Irelandโ€ฆ'
181:47
Then this sentence has the duration.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
181:51
What period of time will this last? โ€˜for 10 yearsโ€™
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? '10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ'
181:56
And when?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ์š”?
181:57
Remember, we need a point in time in the future.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:01
In this case, we just use a general expression, โ€˜at that pointโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—'๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:06
Here, it's not specific and that's okay.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:09
We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:13
โ€˜By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.โ€™
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'์ž์ •์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
182:18
Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:24
โ€˜By midnightโ€™ And, again, we see โ€˜will have beenโ€™ +
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'By Midnight' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ 'will Have been' + ๋™์‚ฌ 'ing'์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
182:28
verb 'ing'.
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.
182:30
โ€˜By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.โ€™.
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'์ž์ •์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
182:34
Here we have โ€˜for four hoursโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” '4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:36
This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:42
So, again, โ€˜By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ '์ž์ •๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Š” 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
182:48
The last sentence says, โ€˜In June โ€ฆโ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'In Juneโ€ฆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
182:51
Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182:58
โ€˜In June, โ€˜weโ€™ that's the subject.
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'6์›”'์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋‹ค.
183:01
โ€˜we'll have been studying โ€ฆโ€™ There's the โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ...' '๋™์‚ฌ+ing'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
183:04
โ€˜โ€ฆ at this university for four years.โ€™
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'... ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ 4๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ.'
183:08
Here is the duration, โ€˜for four yearsโ€™.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ '4๋…„'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:12
Good job.
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183:12
And let's move on.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
183:14
Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:20
In the affirmative form, we say โ€˜subjectโ€™ + โ€˜will have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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๊ธ์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'์ฃผ์–ด' + 'will have been'์„ ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:27
In the negative form, however, we say, โ€˜subjectโ€™ + โ€˜will not have beenโ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'์ฃผ์–ด' + 'will not have been',
183:32
and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:34
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:37
The first sentence here says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
183:39
โ€˜At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:44
And so you see it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:46
โ€˜Iโ€™ is the subject.
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'๋‚˜'๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
183:47
โ€˜โ€ฆ will not have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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'... ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'.
183:52
In this case, โ€˜livingโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค'.
183:55
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
183:57
โ€˜He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์ •๊นŒ์ง€ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:01
Again, we see the โ€˜subjectโ€™ + โ€˜will not have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™,
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ฃผ์–ด' + 'will not have been'์„ ๋ณธ ๋‹ค์Œ '๋™์‚ฌ +ing',
184:07
โ€˜sleepingโ€™.
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'sleeping'์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:09
The last sentence says,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
184:11
โ€˜By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ง€ 3๋…„์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:17
Again, we see the โ€˜subjectโ€™ + โ€˜we will not have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ '์ฃผ์–ด' + 'we will not have been', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'
184:23
here, โ€˜studyingโ€™.
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, ์ฆ‰ 'studying'์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:25
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
184:26
Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:33
Here, the sentence says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
184:35
โ€˜Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.โ€™
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'์…˜์€ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ง€ 1๋…„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๋Š”
184:39
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
184:45
words.
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.
184:46
So instead of โ€˜Sean willโ€™, I can say โ€˜Will Seanโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'Sean will' ๋Œ€์‹  'Will Sean'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
184:50
โ€˜Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?โ€™
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'์…˜์€ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?'
184:55
You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
184:59
I can answer by saying, โ€˜Yes, he will have.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:03
or โ€˜No, he will have not.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
185:06
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
185:08
โ€˜They will have been working there for three months by that time.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด
185:12
Again, I changed the order of the first two words.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:16
To turn this into a question โ€˜They willโ€™ becomes โ€˜Will theyโ€™.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:21
โ€˜Will they have been working there for three months by that time?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ฏค ๋์„๊นŒ?'
185:26
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:31
I can answer by saying, โ€˜Yes, they will have.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:34
or โ€˜No, they will have not.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
185:38
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
185:39
Now let's take a look at how to form โ€˜WHโ€ questions in the future perfect continuous
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
185:45
tense.
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.
185:46
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
185:48
All of these questions begin with a โ€˜WHโ€™ word.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
185:52
โ€˜whereโ€™ โ€˜whatโ€™
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'์–ด๋””์„œ' '๋ฌด์—‡์„'
185:54
โ€˜whoโ€™ and โ€˜how longโ€™
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'๋ˆ„๊ฐ€' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜'
185:56
Take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
185:59
โ€˜Where will you have been walking?โ€™
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'์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
186:02
To form a โ€˜WHโ€™ question, we start with the โ€˜WHโ€™ word, then โ€˜willโ€™.
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'WH' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด 'WH' ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
186:09
After that, we add the subject, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜theyโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜youโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์ฃผ์–ด 'you', 'they', 'she', 'you'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
186:15
After that, we add โ€˜have beenโ€™ + โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 'have been' + '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
186:20
โ€˜Where will you have been walking?โ€™
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'์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
186:24
โ€˜What will they have been playing?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?'
186:27
โ€˜Who will she have been talking to?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?'
186:30
and โ€˜How long will you have been working โ€ฆ?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”...?'
186:34
There's the โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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'๋™์‚ฌ+ing'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
186:35
โ€˜ โ€ฆ there by the time you finish?โ€™
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'...๋๋‚ผ ๋•Œ์ฏค์—” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด?'
186:39
So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
186:45
โ€˜Where will you have been walking?โ€™
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'์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
186:47
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I will have been walking in the park.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต์›์„ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
186:53
โ€˜What will they have been playing?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?'
186:56
โ€˜They will have been playing video games.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
187:00
โ€˜Who will she have been talking to?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?'
187:03
โ€˜She will have been talking to her cousin.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
187:06
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
187:08
โ€˜How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?โ€™
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'์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
187:12
โ€˜By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.โ€™
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ 5๋…„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
187:18
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
187:19
Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:23
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
187:25
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
187:27
โ€˜By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.โ€™
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'์˜คํ›„ 10์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ _blank_'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:32
Iโ€™m looking to use the verb โ€˜playโ€™.
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'play'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:36
Remember, in this tense, we need to have โ€˜subjectโ€™ + โ€˜will have beenโ€™ and then โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
2983
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ฃผ์–ด' + 'will have been', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:44
So โ€˜By 10 p.m., I will have been playing โ€ฆโ€™
2984
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์˜คํ›„ 10์‹œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...'
187:50
Again, we need โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๋™์‚ฌ+ing'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:52
โ€˜โ€ฆ I will have been playing that game for three hours.
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'...๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
187:57
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
187:58
โ€˜When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ _blank_ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ'๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
188:03
Try to use the verb โ€˜cookโ€™.
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'์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
188:07
Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
188:11
โ€˜When she gets here, he will have been cooking โ€ฆโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ...' '
188:21
โ€˜When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.'
188:26
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
188:32
โ€˜Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.โ€™
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'Steve์™€ Jan์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ 1๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
188:38
Here, we have a negative form, โ€˜they will not haveโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
188:43
Then we need โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
188:47
โ€˜They will not have been โ€ฆโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...'
188:50
And then the โ€˜verb +ingโ€™ is here so that's correct.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋™์‚ฌ +ing'์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
188:54
โ€˜Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.โ€™
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'Steve์™€ Jan์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
188:59
The last sentence says,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
189:01
โ€˜It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.โ€™
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'1์›” 15์ผ์ด๋ฉด 10๋…„์งธ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:06
So maybe here Iโ€™m talking about a computer or a TV.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ TV์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:10
Maybe some kind of machine.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:12
โ€˜itโ€™ โ€˜It will have been โ€ฆโ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ' '๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค...'
189:16
I see the mistake here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:17
We need โ€˜verb +ingโ€™.
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'๋™์‚ฌ+ing'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:22
โ€˜It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.
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'1์›” 15์ผ์ด๋ฉด 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•œ ์…ˆ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:27
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
189:29
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
189:30
Thank you so much for watching thisย  course on the twelve English tenses.ย 
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:35
Now, you have a better understandingย  of how to use these tenses.ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:39
I know studying English can be hard, butย  with time and practice, you will get better.ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:45
Please watch my other videos. And Iโ€™ll see you next time.ย 
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์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189:48
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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