PAST PRESENT FUTURE | 12 English Tenses | Learn English Grammar Course

Hi, everybody.

I’m Esther. Welcome to my  

English grammar course on the tenses. I’m going to teach you how to use the twelve  

tenses in the past, present, and future. It’s a great course, and there’s a lot of  

important information. So keep watching.

Hi, everybody.

My name is Esther.

I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.

Now this lesson can be a little difficult,

so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.

My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.

Let's get started.

Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.

The first usage is pretty easy.

We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.

Let's look at some examples.

‘The Sun is bright.’

Now that's a fact.

It doesn't change.

Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.

It was bright yesterday.

It's bright today.

And it will be bright tomorrow.

That makes it a fact.

‘Pigs don't fly.’

That's also a fact.

Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.

‘Cats are better than dogs.’

Now this you may not agree with.

This is my truth.

I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.

And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’

This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for

most people, it is cold in the winter,

so that's the truth for some people.

Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.

For the first sentence, we have ‘is’.

I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun.

In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’

And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’.

‘Cats are better than dogs.’

I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk about cats because ‘cats’ is plural.

And finally, it's cold and winter.

Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again,

but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’

and made ‘it’s’.

Let's move on to the next usage.

We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.

So things and actions that happen regularly.

Let’s look at the examples.

‘I always eat lunch at noon.’

You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I

do regularly.

What is that?

‘Eat lunch at noon.’

So I use the present simple tense.

And here I use the verb ‘eat’.

‘I eat…’

The second example says you play games every day.

Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?

It's ‘every day’.

So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,

so you play games.

The verb here is ‘play’.

‘You play…’

The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’

Again this is something that happens regularly.

‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day.

Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.

Can you figure out why?

Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.

Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’.

‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’

And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’

Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly,

and that's why we use the present simple tense.

‘They study…’.

So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense

to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.

Let's move on.

We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.

These are verbs that we  don't use in the continuous 

form,

even if they're happening right now.

They're also called stative verbs.

These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.

Let's look at these examples.

‘I love my mom.’

The verb here is ‘love’.

That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.

‘It smells good.’

‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.

You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because remember the subject is ‘it’.

‘Kelly feels happy.’

This is talking about a feeling.

Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’,

so I added an ‘s’ to the verb.

And finally, ‘They need help.’

We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now.

‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’,

so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,

connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.

Let's move on.

Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen

in the near future.

Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,

we're using the present simple tense.

It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.

Again, for something that will happen in the near future.

Let's look at the examples.

‘I have class at 6 p.m.’

‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say,

'I have class.'

- the present simple tense.

‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’

Again the near future, ‘Sunday’.

So I use the present simple tense.

I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’.

‘We start work soon.’

Again, the near future, ‘soon’,

so I use the present simple verb ‘start’.

And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’

This is something that will happen in the near future,

so I use the verb ‘come’.

So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense

to talk about something that will happen in the near future.

Let's go to the next usage.

Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,

and that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’.

The first example says, ‘Mike eats bread.’

I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’.

Now that's not a negative statement.

What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?

Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’

So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay.

Instead I added ‘doesn't’.

I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two

and making it ‘doesn't’.

So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

we use ‘does not’ or ‘doesn't’ to make it negative.

‘You swim well.’

In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject

is ‘you’.

If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’.

‘You don't swim well.’

I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’.

I combine them to make ‘don't’,

so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’.

So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’

is a possible usage for the negative for present simple

tense.

Let's continue on.

Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense

and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’.

So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’

That's not a question, right?

'They live here’

In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.

All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.

‘Do they live here?’

So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question.

How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’

In this statement, the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now,

I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.

However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning.

‘Does he play soccer?’

What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play.

Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning,

so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning,

and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb.

So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is

using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning.

Alright let's move on.

Let's start with the first checkup.

In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs.

Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘she’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’?

The correct answer is ‘is’.

Now if you were thinking of the negative, the

correct answer would be ‘she isn't’

or ‘she is not’.

That's correct as well.

And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’

For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’?

The correct answer is ‘are’.

For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’.

Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say,

‘They're 20 years old.’

The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘his father’.

What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’?

The correct answer is ‘he’.

Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.

For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’.

And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’

Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.

‘We isn't good friends.’

Did you find the mistake?

This is the mistake.

The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’,

or the contraction, ‘we aren't good friends.’

The next sentence.

Can you find the mistake?

‘Are John a teacher?’

Think about the subject of this sentence.

The subject is ‘John’.

And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’.

Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’.

‘Is John a teacher?’

‘Is John a teacher?’

And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’

hmm This one is a big mistake.

The subject here is ‘it’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’?

The correct answer is ‘is’.

So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’

Great job guys.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple

tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘He __ blank __ …’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’.

What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?

Remember we add an ‘s’.

‘He likes his dinner.’

For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’

The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __…’, I want you to think of ‘need’,

‘…books’.

What is the subject pronoun for ‘my students’?

The correct answer is ‘they’.

If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense,

we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.

So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’

Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’

The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __…’, think of the verb,

‘…live in London.’

What do we do here?

Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb.

The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’

What's the negative?

‘I don't live in London.’

For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.

‘He doesn't likes math.’

What's the error here?

Well this is a negative.

‘He doesn't…’, that's correct.

However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’.

‘Do he eat candy?’

Here we have a question.

The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,

we use ‘does’ not ‘do’.

So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’

And finally, ‘Sam is play computer games.’

There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,

so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’.

So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’

Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’.

Great job!

Let's move on to the next practice.

For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.

Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.

Let's take a look at the first sentence,

‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’

And I want you to use the verb ‘take’.

Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine.

The subject of the sentence is ‘we’.

In the present simple tense,

remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

we do not change the verb.

Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’

In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’

Again a routine.

The subject here is ‘he’.

What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?

We add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.

In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’.

‘He goes to school every morning.’

In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’

Here I want you to think about the negative form.

Lizzy is a ‘she’.

The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative?

We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’.

We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb.

Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’.

Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.

‘They watches TV at night.’

Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?

The subject is ‘they’.

Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.

We say ‘watch’.

‘They watch TV at night’.

In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’

The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.

To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay,

However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.

Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,

‘Does he play soccer every week?’

And finally, ‘He always forget his book.’

In this case, the subject is ‘he’.

Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.

What's the verb in the sentence?

It's ‘forget’.

Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’

Great job.

Let's move on to the next practice.

In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe

future events.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’

And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’.

What is the subject of the sentence?

The correct answer is ‘airplane’.

What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’?

It's ‘it’.

Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’

or ‘es’ to the verb.

The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’.

The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’

In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’

And we're using the verb ‘start’.

What is the subject of this sentence?

It’s ‘movie’.

And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?

It’s ‘it’.

So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank _ soon?’

Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’.

For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’.

Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,

so ‘Does the movie start soon?’

We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here.

Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’

The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’.

‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’.

You'll remember now that for… in this case, we put ‘works’.

w-o-r-k-s ‘works’.

‘Vicki works tomorrow.’

Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.

‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’

Actually there's only one mistake.

Can you find it?

‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’

We do not need the ‘do’ here.

We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form.

But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’.

Either way we don't need this here.

Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’.

Do you know what to do?

We simply change this to ‘leaves’.

Just like we did in the first sentence.

‘He leaves at 3:30 p.m.’

In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’

We have a negative sentence.

‘They don't…’, that's correct.

‘…do not’ is correct.

For subject pronoun ‘they’.

However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.

Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’

No ‘s’.

Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’

Take a look.

What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?

The correct answer is ‘we’.

Think about the question form.

Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject pronoun ‘we’?

The correct answer is ‘do’.

We say ‘do’.

So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,

‘Do we eat at noon?’

Great job guys.

You're done with the practice.

Thank you for your hard work.

Let's move on.

Good job guys.

You put in a lot of practice today.

The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys

worked on mastering it.

Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.

I'll see you next time.

Bye.

Hi, everybody. I'm Esther.

I'm so excited to be teaching you the  present continuous tense in this video.

This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,

a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.

There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.

Let's get started.

The present continuous tense is used to talk  about actions that are happening right now.

For example,

‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’

Let's take a look at some more examples.

The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’.

We start with the subject and a ‘be’ verb.

In this case, the subject is ‘he’.

For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’,  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’  to the end of the verb ‘watch’.

‘He is watching a movie.’

The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’

He's doing that right now.

Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

And again you'll notice I added  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.

The next sentence says,

‘The machine is making a noise.’

Now pay attention to the subject, ‘the machine’.

What is the proper pronoun?

The answer is ‘it’, therefore  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

‘The machine is making a noise.’

We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’. Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’.

And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’.

In this case, you'll notice  that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

Can you figure out why?

That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’.

‘They are speaking English.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.

Even though you might not be  doing the action right now.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first sentence says,

‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’

In this case, the subject is  ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.

In this example, we use the contraction  ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together.

Again, you'll notice there's  an ‘-ing’ after the verb.

The next sentence says,

‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’

The subject here is ‘you’,

therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.

Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’

The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’,

therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’

If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’.

That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

‘They are working at a company.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present continuous is also used  to talk about near future plans.

Let's take a look.

‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’

That's going to happen in the near future.

You'll notice that we have 'she', so the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.

And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’.

The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’

The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’

Again, another near future plan.

The next example says,

‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’

‘tomorrow’ is the near future.

‘David’ is the subject.

‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’.

And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’

‘Vicky and I’… If we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’.

That's why we used ‘are’. ‘We are teaching.’

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about the negative  form of the present continuous tense.

I have some examples here.

These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.

These last two are for near future plans.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’

Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,

but in this example I am not having fun.

You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes  between the ‘be’ verb and the ‘verb -ing’.

In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’

Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’,

so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’.

The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’

Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’.

‘You're not seeing him tonight.’

And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’

Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative.

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb  questions in the present continuous tense.

The first example here says,

‘Is he waiting for you?’ or ‘Is he waiting for you?’

We start with the ‘be’ verb.

Take a look at the subject though.

The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

‘Is he waiting for you?’

You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’ or ‘No he isn't.’

The second sentence says,

‘Are you coming to class?’

The subject here is ‘you’ and  that's why we start with ‘are’.

‘Are you coming to class?’

You can answer, ‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’

The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’

The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’.

The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’ or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’

Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’

The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’.

The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’ or ‘No, they aren't.’

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about the WH question  form for the present continuous tense.

I have some examples here

and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:

what, where, when, who, why, and how.

What comes after?

You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’.

So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘What are you doing?’

I'm asking about right now.

For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’

‘Where are you going?’ ‘I'm going to the store.’

‘When is it starting?’ ‘It's starting at 3.’

I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’.

‘Who is she talking to?’ ‘She's talking to Bob.’

‘Why is she crying?’ ‘She's crying because she's sad.’

And finally, ‘How is it going?’ ‘It's going well.’

For this checkup of the present continuous tense,

we'll look at how this tense can be used to  describe an action that's happening right now.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘You -blank- learning English.’

Remember for this tense, we start  with the subject and the ‘be’ verb

and then the verb ‘-ing’.

We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb.

The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’.

For ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’,  we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’,

so the correct answer is,

‘You are learning English’ right now.

The next sentence says,

‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’

This is the negative form of  the present continuous tense.

We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’,

However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again.

What is the be verb to use  if the subject is ‘she’?

the correct answer is ‘is’.

‘She is not watching TV.’

This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’

The subject here is ‘I’.

Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the subject ‘I’.

The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.

‘I am studying now.’

We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’

If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,

we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’

Now, take a look at the next  sentence and find the mistake.

‘Layla is watch a movie.’

Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’.

We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’,

However, you'll notice we forgot  the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb.

We need to say, ‘watching’.

‘Layla is watching a movie.’

The next sentence says,

‘They playing soccer now.’

What's missing?

If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’

because the subject is ‘they’.

‘They are playing soccer now.’

And finally, ‘What do you do?’

If you want to ask somebody  what they're doing right now,

you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are... you.. doing?’

‘What are you doing?’

Let's move on to the next practice.

For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense

and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.

It's a longer action.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘He _blank_ studying economics.’

Remember for this tense, we take the  subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’.

Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’.

So what are we missing?

The ‘be’ verb.

The correct ‘be’ verb for  the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’.

So, ‘He is studying economics.’

The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’

The verb we want to use is ‘train’.

Now we already have the 'be' verb here.

It's in the contraction ‘there’  because it's ‘they are’.

All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘They're training for the fight these days.’

And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’

Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb.

What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’?

The correct answer is ‘are’.

‘We are teaching at the school.’

Now let's look for the  mistakes in the next sentence.

‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’

Can you find the error?

Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’.

What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’.

The correct answer is, ‘Ben is studying to become a doctor’.

Let's look at the next sentence.

‘I don't reading that book.’

hmm ‘I don't reading that book.’

To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’

We use the ‘be’ verb. What is the be verb for ‘I’?

The correct answer is ‘am’.

‘I am not reading that book.’

There is no contraction for ‘am not’.

Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’

We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb,

but remember we need verb ‘-ing’.

Therefore, the correct answer is,

‘They are learning English.’

Let's move on to the next checkup.

For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense

can be used to talk about future plans.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’

The verb we want to use is ‘play’.

Remember we start with the subject  and here we have it, ‘they’.

Then we have the ‘be’ verb.

In this case we used a contraction  for ‘they are – ‘they’re’.

That's correct.

After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing a game tonight.’

The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’

Looks good but there's a word that's missing.

This is the negative form because we have ‘not’.

We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’.

The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. ‘We are not studying tomorrow.’

The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’

and we want to use the verb ‘go’.

Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.

That's correct. All we have to do is add ‘-ing’.

‘Lynn is going out tonight.’

To make this negative you can say,

‘Lynn is not going out tonight.’ or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’

The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’

Can you find the mistake?

Remember we have to add  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

so we need to say,

‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’

The next sentence says,

‘My sons will playing chess later.’

We are talking about a future plan,

so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry.

However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb.

‘My sons are playing chess later.’

And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’

There's an extra word in here that we don't need.

What is it?

It's ‘to’.

Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’.

We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence.

All right well that's the end of this checkup.

Let's move on.

Good job, everyone.

You just completed the lesson  on the present continuous tense.

This tense is not easy but you did a great job.

And keep watching to learn more.

I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.

I promise.

See you in the next video.

Hi, everyone.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,

but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.

It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in

the present.

We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.

And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.

There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.

Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.

But when it happened is not important or not known.

However, this action is  important to the conversation 

right now.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’

What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.

After that we use the past participle of the verb.

In this case, the verb is ‘be’.

And so the past participle is ‘been’.

‘I have been to Canada.’

The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

My cousins is a ‘they’.

And so again, we follow with ‘have’.

And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.

‘They have seen the movie.’

Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’

Chad is a ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.

Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.

‘Chad has gone home.’

And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’

My phone is an ‘it’.

Therefore, I use ‘has’.

And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.

‘My phone has been fixed.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past

and continues in the present.

‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.

Let's take a look at these examples.

‘I have worked there since 2002.’

You'll notice we start with the subject.

If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.

Then the past participle of the verb.

In this case - ‘worked’.

What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.

This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use

a specific point in time.

The next example does the same thing.

‘You have had a car since last year.’

Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.

Take a look at the next example.

‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’

In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.

Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.

Then the past participle ‘liked’.

However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.

Not ‘since weeks’.

When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.

We explain how long this action has been true.

And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’

Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.

So we show the duration.

Let's move on to the next usage.

In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently

stopped.

Let’s take a look at some examples.

‘I have just been to the doctor,’

So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,

‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.

But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.

‘I have just been to the doctor.’

This shows that it happened very recently.

The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’

Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

Take a look at the next example.

It says, ‘She has already been to China.’

‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.

However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.

So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’

And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’

Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.

‘We have visited Tom recently.’

Let's move on.

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.

Here are some examples.

The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’

What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’

and ‘been’.

‘I have not been to Europe.’

You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’

The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.

‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

Here we have a time expression to show the duration.

The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’

We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.

And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.

And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.

‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

This time expression uses ‘since’.

And so we mention a specific point and time.

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect

tense.

Take a look at the board.

The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’

That is a statement.

Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.

All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.

Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.

You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.

We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’

This is a statement.

If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.

‘Have they…?’

And the past participle verb stays in the same place.

‘Have they watched the video?’

‘Have they watched the video?’

You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’

or ‘No, they haven't.’

Good job, guys.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.

Take a look at the board.

I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.

These go at the beginning of the question.

Let's take a look at the first example.

‘Where has Tim been?’

You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.

In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.

And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.

‘Where has Tim been?’

And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’

or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’

Something like that.

The next question says, what countries have you visited?

I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’

or ‘I have visited Mexico.’

You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.

‘I've visited China.’

The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’

You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her

teacher.’

The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’

‘I've been married for 3 years.’

That's one answer that you can give.

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.

Which describes an action that happened at

an unknown or indefinite time in the past.

Let's look at the first sentence.

‘She _blank_ read that book.’

The subject in this sentence is ‘she’.

For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’.

‘She has’.

Now, take a look at the verb.

It looks like ‘read’.

But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.

So It's actually ‘read’.

‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the same.

‘She has read that book.’

The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’

‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’.

Not ‘has’.

‘They have’

Now, what's the past participle of visit?

The answer is ‘visited’.

‘They have visited China.’

Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’

Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’.

‘We have’.

Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'.

‘We have seen that concert.’

Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Rick have been to Cuba.’

Take a look at the subject, ‘Rick’.

Rick is a ‘he’.

So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’.

‘Rick has been to Cuba.’

‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’

The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’.

The pronoun for that is ‘we’.

‘We hasn't finished work.’

That still sounds weird, right?

We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’.

And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’

Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.

We have to change it.

Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject, ‘I’.

But we're not done.

What is the past participle of ‘go’?

It is ‘gone’.

‘I have gone to the doctor.’

Great job.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense

and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true

today.

The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’

The subject is ‘I’.

And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’.

Which is ‘known’.

What are we missing?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject.

The next sentence says,

‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’

Now the first part is all there.

‘He has been’.

However, remember that for the present perfect tense,

we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.

In this case, we use ‘since’.

Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.

Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’

The subject is ‘she’.

And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'.

What are we missing?

Again, we need ‘have’ or ‘has’.

Because the subject is ‘she’...

Can you figure out which one you need?

The correct answer is ‘has’.

‘She has liked Tom since June.’

Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.

‘I have worked here six months ago.’

Can you find a mistake here?

‘I have worked’ - that's correct.

However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’.

This is talking about more the past.

We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead.

Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time.

So we don't use ‘since’.

Instead, we talk about the duration.

So we need ‘for’.

We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’

At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.

But remember, Jen is a ‘she’.

So we need ‘has’.

‘Jen has’.

But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’?

That's not right either.

We need the past participle of ‘have’.

What is the past participle?

The correct answer is ‘had’.

‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’

And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’

This one is a little tricky.

The subject is ‘we’.

‘We have... have not’.

That's correct.

The contraction is ‘haven't’.

‘We haven't’.

Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’.

That's in the past simple tense.

We need the past participle of ‘go’.

The correct answer is ‘gone’.

‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’

Good job, guys.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.

And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.

We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘She has just _blank_ that book.’

And we're using the verb, ‘read’.

Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’.

And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’.

So that's correct.

Now we need the past participle of ‘read’.

And that is ‘read’.

‘She has just read that book.’

You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle.

Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’.

If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’.

But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, we use ‘have’.

So that's correct.

‘They have’.

Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently

or that it finished recently.

Now the verb is ‘wake up’.

We need the past participle of ‘wake up’,

and that is ‘woken up’.

So the answer is,

‘They have already woken up.’

The next sentence says,

‘We have recently _blank_ work.’

And the verb is ‘finish’.

‘We have’, that's correct.

And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.

And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’.

The correct answer is.

‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’

Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Morty has eaten just.’

This sounds a little strange, right?

That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb.

Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’

The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’

Karen is a ‘she’.

So ‘has’ is correct.

And there we have ‘recently’.

Now we need the past participle of the verb.

‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’.

‘Karen has recently been sick.’

And finally, ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’

This is similar to another question we looked at just before.

‘I have gone already to the dentist.’

The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward.

So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’

So we can put ‘already’ before the verb,

‘I have already gone to the dentist’

Or we can put this at the end,

‘I have gone to the dentist already.’

Both of those are correct.

Now, good job.

That is the end of the checkup.

Let's move on.

Excellent job, everyone.

You just learned about the present perfect tense.

There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.

Keep studying English.

I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.

I'll see you in the next video.

Hi, everyone.

Welcome to the video.

In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action

that started in the past and continues in the present.

It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.

And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

You can use the present perfect continuous tense

to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.

We want to emphasize duration

and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’

Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’.

The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’.

And that's why we say ‘has’.

After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

In this case, ‘studying.’

You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.

That shows how long this  action has been happening.

When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’.

‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’

In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’.

You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

In this case, ‘playing’.

At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’.

and then ‘two years’.

So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.

The next sentence is a little different.

‘It has been growing since June.’

So it can be something like a plant.

The plant or it has been growing since June.

Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’.

What's the difference?

We use a specific point in time with since.

We don't say ‘Since two hours’.

No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’

And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’

The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’.

Therefore we use ‘have’.

At the end of the sentence, we have ‘since 6 a.m.’

Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action

started.

Let's move on.

The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.

In this case, we mean ‘lately’.

This action has been happening ‘lately’,

and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘You have been missing many classes lately.’

You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately'

to describe when this action has been happening.

You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.

For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’

The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’

In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning

to show when does action has been happening.

You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence.

‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’

In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby.

Because Toby is a ‘he’.

The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’

Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this sentence,

but you can also use it at the end.

Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’.

And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’

‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’.

Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’.

‘We have’ become ‘We've’.

‘We've been practicing English together recently.’

We can put ‘recently’ at the end,

or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’

Let's move on.

The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently

stopped and has a present result.

Let's take a look at the example.

‘I'm tired because I have been running.’

The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’

is using the present perfect continuous tense.

This is the action that recently stopped.

And as a result, ‘I'm tired’.

This is the present result.

What's happening now, because of this.

‘I'm tired.’.

The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’

This is very similar to the first sentence.

Here, we know that it has been raining.

And this action recently stopped.

As a result, in the present, The street is wet.

The street is wet right now because of this action.

The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’

You'll notice here that we use the negative.

Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’

because of this action,  you haven't been listening,

now you don't understand.

In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.

‘I've been studying all night.’

There is the present perfect continuous tense.

This is the action that stopped recently.

And here is the result.

‘Now, I'm exhausted.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.

Here are some examples.

‘I have not been feeling well these days.’

At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's

been happening recently.

In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’.

The ‘not’ goes after have or has.

In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’.

‘I have not been feeling well these days.’

We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.

‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’

The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not been cooking lately.’

We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence,

We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence.

The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’.

Why did we use ‘has’?

Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’.

Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not.

‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’

The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’

Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.

We have the contestant ‘hasn't’ here for you.

‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’.

We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’.

And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’

In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration.

Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening.

In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.

Great job, everybody.

let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question

for the present perfect continuous tense.

The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’

Now, to turn this into a question,

all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.

So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’.

‘Has he been reading for an hour?’

You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.

‘Has he been reading for an hour?’

To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’

Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,

and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.

‘They have’ become ‘Have they’.

‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’

To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’

or ‘No. they haven't.’

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.

Here, we have some WH question words.

‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’.

Let's take a look at the first question.

‘What have you been doing lately?’

I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’

or ‘I have been studying.’

I can also use the contraction ‘I've’.

‘I've been working.’

‘I've been studying.’

The next question says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’

‘I have been traveling in Europe.’

or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’

‘Why has he been feeling sad?’

You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’

That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.

or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’

Something like that.

And ‘How has she been doing?’

‘How has she been doing?’

I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’

‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’.

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.

This tense can be used to describe an event

that started in the past and continues in the present.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says,

‘He has _blank_ all week,’

And the verb is ‘sleep’.

For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’.

Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’.

Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end.

‘He has been sleeping all week.’

The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’

and the verb is ‘travel’.

Now, this is the negative form.

So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’.

‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’.

Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’.

Then, do you remember what to do?

Add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’

Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’

So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you.

Now, take a look at the subject.

The subject is ‘they’.

Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

Then what do you put?

Remember, we put ‘been’.

‘They have been working all day.’

Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,

‘They haven't been working all day.’

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘My friends have been watch TV.’

‘My friends have been watch TV.’

What's the mistake?

Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.

So we should say,

‘My friends have been watching TV.’

Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’

Hmm..

Sal is a ‘he'.

And ‘talking’ is already there for you.

So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.

For ‘he’, we use ‘has’.

So we say ‘has been’.

‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’

And finally,

‘He has been to eat for an hour.’

Hmm..

‘He has been’ That's correct.

However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used.

Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’.

This is the correct answer.

‘He has been eating for an hour.’

All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.

In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,

And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’

And the verb is ‘feel’.

Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’.

Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’.

‘She has been’

After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

The correct sentence is,

‘She has been feeling bad lately.’

The next sentence says,

‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’

And the verb is ‘cook’.

This is a negative sentence.

So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’.

‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’.

‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’

Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.

‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’

What's the mistake in this sentence?

The subject here is ‘We’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has

been’.

‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’

And for the last one,

‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’

The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.

We have to say,

‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’

or we can also say,

‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense

and how it expresses an action that stopped recently

but has a present result.

The first sentence says,

‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’

The verb here is ‘exercise’.

And the subject is ‘I’.

Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

Okay, so the correct answer is,

‘I have been exercising.

That's why I'm so sweaty.’

That's the result.

The next sentence says,

‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’

And the verb is ‘bake’.

Take a look.

I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’

So this first part is the result.

I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.

Again, the subject is ‘I’.

So we use ‘have been’.

Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking.

‘I have been baking.’

So again,

‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’

And we can use the contraction and say,

‘I've been baking.’

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’

Take a look.

The result is that ‘she has a headache.’

So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.

‘She has’ is correct.

What's missing?

Don't forget the ‘been’.

Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’

Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.

‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’

The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb, ‘diet’.

The correct answer is,

‘I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the present tense. 

Now, I want you to watch the next  grammar course on the past tense. 

I’ll see you there.

Hi, everyone.

In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.

This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.

There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.

In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb

in the past simple tense.

The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.

We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense.

Take a look at the examples.

‘I was scared.’

‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’

‘She was sad.’

‘My dog was hungry.’

‘My dog’ can be ‘it’.

So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’.

However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.

‘You were a good student.’

‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’

In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.

Great job.

Let's move on.

Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.

Take a look at these examples.

‘Liam played a game.’

Liam is a ‘he’,

but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.

Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’

to the end of the verb.

Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’.

‘Liam played a game.’

‘The car, or it needed gas.’

The verb here is ‘need’.

For the past simple tense, I added ‘-ed’.

‘We watched a movie.’

Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’.

‘You exercised for an hour.’

In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’.

I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense.

And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’

The verb is ‘work’.

And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense.

The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit.

Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.

Remember, for regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.

However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘I ate with my friend.’

The verb here is ‘ate’.

‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’.

The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’

The verb is ‘write’.

And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’.

‘You often came home late.’

The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.

You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit.

‘We bought a camera.’

The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense.

And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’

Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’.

Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration.

Let's move on.

Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.

Here are some examples.

The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’

For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb

I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’.

For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’.

‘I wasn't’.

‘She wasn't’.

So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’

‘She wasn't home today.’

Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’,

We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.

‘The children, or they were not quiet.’

‘The children were not quiet.’

And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’

Let's move on.

Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,

regular or irregular.

Here are some examples.

‘I did not like him.’

What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject.

And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.

We keep the base verb.

‘He didn't catch the ball.’

Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction,

‘He didn't catch the ball.’

‘They didn't dance.’

Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’.

And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.

Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.

And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’

Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’.

Let's move on.

Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.

Take a look at the first example.

‘He was angry.’

In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’.

It's quite easy.

All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.

‘Was he angry?’

You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’

The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.

‘They were comfortable.’

So again, switch the first two words.

‘Were they comfortable?’

The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’

or ‘No, they weren't.’

However, look at the third sentence.

‘Sam lived here.’

There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.

Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’.

So what we do is no matter what the subject,

we start the question with ‘did’.

‘Did Sam live here?’

You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.

We use the base form of the verb.

‘Did Sam live here?’

You can say ‘Yes, he did.’

or ‘No, he didn't.’

The last sentence is similar.

‘They won the contest last year.’

The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb.

So again, we start the question with ‘did’ .

And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’.

‘Did they win the contest last year?’

You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’

or ‘No, they didn't.’

Let's move on.

Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.

Take a look at the board.

We have some WH words here.

‘What’ ‘When’

‘Where’ and ‘Why’

You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’.

‘What did’ ‘When did’

‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’.

What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.

So, let's take a look.

‘What did you do last night?’

‘What did you do last night?’

I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’

Or ‘I read a book.’

You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.

‘When did you get home last night?’

‘I got home at 10 p.m.’

‘Where did they eat lunch?’

‘They ate lunch at home.’

Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’.

Answer in the past simple tense.

And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’

‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’

Let's move on.

In this first checkup, we'll take a look at

practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.

Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘He __ at work earlier.’

The subject here is ‘we’.

So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?

The correct answer is ‘was’.

‘He was at work earlier.’

The next sentence says,

‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’

If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’.

‘We were very happy yesterday.’

Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’

If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’.

‘My parents were worried about me.’

If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’

And that's possible.

Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘We wasn't good students.’

We wasn't good students.

Can you figure out what's wrong?

The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’.

We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.

‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.

The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’

Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.

That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’.

Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’.

‘Was she a teacher?’

And finally,

‘They wasn't at school.’

The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is

‘They weren't at school.’

You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were not’.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘He ____ at home.’

The verb is ‘study’.

Remember, when changing a regular verb into

the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the

verb.

However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’.

Such as, ‘study’.

We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’.

So the correct answer is,

‘He studied at home.’

The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’

We want to use negative because it says ‘not use’.

Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject.

You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’.

Now, what do we do to the verb?

We keep it as ‘is’.

We do not change it.

‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils.

The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’

What's the past tense of ‘walk’?

We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb.

‘His friends walked to the gym.’

Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.

‘She didn't likes math.’

‘didn't’ is correct.

However, remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form.

So we don't say ‘likes’.

We say ‘like’.

‘She didn't like math.’

The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’

Now this is a question.

In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’.

‘Did it rained?’

Do you notice the mistake?

Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.

We use the base form of the verb.

‘Did it rain this morning?’

And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’

The verb is an action verb.

So we need a ‘did’ in front of ‘not’.

‘They did not play the piano.’

Let's move on to the next checkup.

Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘He __ to school.’

And the verb is ‘run’.

‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’.

‘He ran to school.’

The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’

We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’.

Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,

we say ‘did not’

or ‘didn't’.

Then we keep the verb in its base form.

‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’

The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’

This is a question.

Again, all we need to put is ‘did’.

‘Where did you teach last year?’

It doesn't matter what the subject is.

We always go with ‘did’.

Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘He didn't sold newspapers.’

Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.

However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.

So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’

The next sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’

You'll notice it's a similar problem here.

‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’.

But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’,

we use the base form.

‘Did she sing a song?’

And finally, ‘We taked it home.’

Does that sound right?

‘taked’ is not correct.

The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’.

‘We took it home.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Wow, we learned a lot in this video.

Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.

It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.

Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.

Bye. 

Hi, everybody.

I'm Esther.

In this video.

I will introduce the past continuous tense.

This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.

It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.

There's a lot to learn so let's get started.

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.

This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.

Let's take a look at these examples.

‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’

So first we start with the subject, ‘I’.

For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’.

‘I was’

And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb.

‘I was walking’

Now take a look at the whole sentence.

‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’

You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.

Let's look at the next example.

‘She was living here last year.’

Here, the subject is ‘she’.

So again we use ‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’.

Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.

‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’

The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.

And so we follow with ‘was’.

And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’.

For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.

‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’

Let's move on.

The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing

action in the past that was interrupted by another action.

This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’.

Let's take a look at this example.

‘I was playing cards when you called.’

Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’,

and then ‘verb-ing’,

so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,

‘I was playing cards’

The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’.

You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’

And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’.

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

‘The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’

Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’.

And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.

This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’.

‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’

Again we have the ongoing action in the past.

The subject here is ‘we’.

And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’.

‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.

And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’

‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia

and I were walking’.

It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and

say,

‘When you called, I was playing cards,’

or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’

Let's move on.

Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were

happening at the same time in the past.

We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching

me.’

You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.

‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’.

The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.

‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’

Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.

The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.

‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving

she was taking pictures.’

Both actions are in the past continuous tense.

And finally,

‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’

Both actions were happening at the same time.

Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning,

however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several

ways.

For example, instead of saying this,

‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’

I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence.

‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’

I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions.

Or I can also change the sentence around and say,

‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’

So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’ if you put it in the

beginning.

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.

Here are some examples.

‘She was not reading last night.’

The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’.

However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’.

‘She was not reading last night.’

I can use a contraction and say,

‘She wasn't reading last night.’

‘We were not listening to music this morning.’

In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’.

Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’.

‘We were not listening to music this morning.’

Again I can use a contraction and say,

‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’

And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came

home.’

In this example, the contraction is already there for you,

‘He wasn't watching TV’.

You'll notice the word ‘when’.

Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,

so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’

He was doing something else.

And finally,

‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’

The word ‘while’ is in this sentence.

Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,

so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’.

They were doing something else.

Let's move on now.

Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.

Take a look at the first statement.

It says,

‘It was raining this morning.’

In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,

all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.

Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question.

You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.

‘Was it raining this morning?’

You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’

The next statement says,

‘They were living there when the fire happened.’

To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.

Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’.

And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.

‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’

And you can answer by saying,

‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’

Let's continue on.

Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.

You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.

For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’.

Let's take a look at the first question.

‘What were they doing last night?”

The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.

So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb.

In this case, ‘were’.

‘What were they doing last night?’

You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’.

‘What were they doing last night?’

I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or

‘They were reading a book’.

The next question says,

‘Where was he working last week?’

In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’.

‘Where was he working last week?’

I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’

‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’

In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’.

‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’

I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’

And finally,

‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’

In this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’

so we follow 'who' with ‘were’.

‘Who were they’ or

‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’

To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or

‘They were staying with their dad.’

Let's move on.

In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘Last night they were blank at school.’

I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’.

‘not stay’

What do you think it is?

Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,

all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.

‘They were not staying at school last.’

‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’

The next sentence says,

‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’

Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’.

‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’

In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb.

If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?

The correct answer is ‘were’.

And then, we say ‘not’.

What happens after that?

Remember, ‘verb-ing’.

So ‘you were not playing’

‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’

You can also use a contraction and say,

‘You weren't playing soccer.’

Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’

hmmm

The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’.

It's 'was'.

‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’

In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’

hmmm

‘They’ and ‘were’

That's correct.

And we have the ‘verb-ing’

So what's the mistake?

Remember the past continuous is for the past.

‘Tomorrow’ is not the past.

So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.

For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’.

‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’

Let's move on.

Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage

of the past continuous tense.

Take a look at the first example.

It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’

Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action.

It needs to be used with the past simple tense.

So let's first look at the second blank.

‘When they blank hurt’

What's the past tense of the verb ‘get’?

The answer is ‘got’.

Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.

‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’

Well what comes after ‘they’?

‘were’.

‘Andrea and John were’

Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.

‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.

The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’.

And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank.

Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?

‘started’

Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.

The subject is ‘it’.

So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'?

‘was’

‘It was not raining when the game started.’

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.

The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct.

Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’.

Now the problem is with the verb.

Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb.

‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’

And finally, ‘We did meet our friends last weekend.’

That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.

Take a look again.

The subject is ‘we’.

We need a ‘be’ verb.

‘were’

Then what happens?

Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’

Let's move on.

Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense.

Take a look at the first example.

‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’

When we use ‘while’ in the past continuous tense,

we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past

or they were happening at the same time in the past.

So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.

‘While I blank’

I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank.

Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’.

Then ‘verb-ing’.

‘While I was shopping’

Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’.

Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’

and then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’.

‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’

The next sentence says,

‘While he blank’

I want you to use the verb ‘cook’.

The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’.

‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’

Did you get that?

Let's move on.

Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’

The first part of the sentence is correct.

‘Jane was looking’

Now the second part of the sentence.

Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.

‘While we get off the plane’

So what we need to do is say, ‘were getting’.

‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’

The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’

Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.

My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’.

‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Good job, everybody in learning the past  

continuous tense.

This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.

Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.

It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.

Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. 

Hi, everybody.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.

This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.

This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.

There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.

So keep watching.

Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.

This tense can be used to describe an action in the past

that happened before another action in the past.

Here are some examples.

‘I have visited China before I moved there.’

No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,

So that's easy.

‘I had’ ‘Steve had’

‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.

Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.

In this case, it's ‘visited’.

‘I had visited China.’

Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.

‘I moved there.’

And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.

‘Steve had bought the book.’

Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.

In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.

‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’

Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.

And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’

Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.

‘The plane had left’.

This is the past participle of ‘leave’.

The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’

‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.

Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.

‘before’ or ‘by the time’.

They all mean the same thing.

The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.

The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.

So again, for the first example.

‘before I move there’ That happened later.

Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’

Do you understand how that works?

Let's take a look at the last example.

‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’

So maybe they were late or something had happened.

But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.

So this happened second.

‘We had already started the game.’

This action had already started.

It started before this action.

Let's move on.

Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action

that happened in the past before another action in the past.

We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.

How long that first action happened.

We do this by using four and a duration.

Let's take a look.

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

This is very similar to the first usage.

‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.

This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.

The second part, ‘it broke’.

The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past

that happened later than the first action.

However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.

‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’

All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.

Let's take a look at the next example.

‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’

Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.

And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.

All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.

He had been lonely for a long time.

That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’

And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’

The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.

It happened before she became my wife.

But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.

Let's move on.

Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.

Take a look at the board.

The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.

This one is the action that happened earlier in the past

And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.

However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between

the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.

Or I can use the contraction

and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’

The next sentence is very similar.’

‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’

Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,

and here's the action that happened later in the past.

However, again, because it's negative,

I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.

Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’

The next sentence says,

‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’

Remember, we can show duration,

or how long the first action was true.

by using 'for' and a duration.

Because this is the negative form,

again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb

In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.

‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’

That's a pretty short time.

It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?

‘three months’

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’

Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.

All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.

So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.

‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’

You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’

or ‘No, she hadn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’

Again simply switched the order of the first two words.

Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.

‘Had it rained before they left?’

To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’

or ‘No, it hadn't.’

Let's move on now.

I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.

Let's take a look.

Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.

‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.

Let's take a look at the first question.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.

And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’

This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word

‘had she’ and then the past participle.

You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.

If you see that it simply means before now.

The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.

The last one says,

‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.

Let's take a look at how  to answer these questions.

‘Where had he traveled before?’

‘He had traveled to Europe.’

is one possible answer.

‘Who had she talked to before?’

Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’

‘What had he eaten before lunch?’

‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’

And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’

‘She had known him for three years.’

That is one possible answer.

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’

The verb here is ‘work’.

Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.

No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.

And then, you take the past participle of the verb.

In this case, we would say ‘worked’.

‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’

For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.

‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’

Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’

or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.

‘We hadn’t’.

And then, we need the past participle.

‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.

However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

So the correct answer is,

‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’

And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’

Hmm.

Remember, we need the past participle.

We don't say do.

We say ‘done’.

‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’

Let's move on.

In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises

for the past perfect tense that describes how long.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’

Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.

So I'm going to add that here,

then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.

And that is ‘been’.

‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’

The next sentence says,

‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’

Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.

So the answer is,

‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.

‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’

Can you find the mistake?

Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.

There are two past participles here.

We need to get rid of one of them.

We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years

before they had their first fight.’

The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.

But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.

‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’

Good job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Great job, everyone.

Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.

I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,

and keep practicing, and you will get better.

I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,

I know you'll master it.

Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

Hi, everybody.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.

It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action

in the past continuing up to another point in the past.

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the

past that continued up to another point in the

past.

You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about

how long that action was in progress.

Here are some examples.

‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’

You'll notice that at the beginning.

It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.

For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,

And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’

And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.

‘waiting’.

‘I had been waiting.’

Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.

Again, four and two hours shows the duration.

The second part says, ‘it arrived’.

This verb is in the past simple tense.

Therefore, that is the second action.

It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,

so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened

first.

And then, it happened until the bus arrived.

‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.

No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing

the duration.

And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.

He had been cooking up to this point in the past.

Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,

‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.

‘before they rested.’

So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.

Before they rested.

Let's move on.

The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the

past.

The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,

why something happened.

We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.

Here, I'll explain.

‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’

The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.

‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’

Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.

The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.

‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,

we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.

‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.

The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because

it had been raining.’

Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.

Why was the pavement wet?

‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’

In this sentence, we see a little difference.

‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous

tense.

‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.

So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,

I used ‘so’.

So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.

This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.

This is the cause and this is the effect.

Let's move on.

Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.

Here are some examples.

‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’

So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,

we add ‘not’. ‘had not’

‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.

‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.

‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before

I quit.’

The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long

before you cried.’

Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.

‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’

Here, we have the contraction.

And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it

stopped.’

Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.

You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.

And in the last two, I used ‘when’.

Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.

Let's move on.

Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

Here is the first example.

‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’

Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first

two words.

Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.

‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’

The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was

scared.’

In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.

And then we follow with ‘had’.

To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.

‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’

You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.

Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,

or how long it was ongoing in the past.

And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at these examples.

You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.

Why, where, what, and who.

You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.

‘Why had’ ‘Where had’

‘What had’ and ‘Who had’

In the first question, after that comes the subject.

‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’

And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.

So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’

I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have

a test.’

‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’

I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’

‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’

I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’

And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she

left home?’

I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’

Let's move on.

Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’

Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.

So we say, ‘They had been’.

What happens to the verb?

Remember, we add ‘-ing’.

So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’

Now, take a look at the second sentence.

I want you to use the negative.

‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’

Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject

and then ‘had not been’.

Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.

‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’

Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.

‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’

What's the error?

You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.

To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing

any work before we started.’

Now, find the mistake here.

‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.

And ‘watching’ is correct.

So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

Let's move on.

Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at the first example.

It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’

Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.

So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.

‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’

The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam

folder.’

Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.

Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’

Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.

‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’

Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.

‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’

What's the mistake?

Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’

The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’

Can you find the mistake?

Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.

In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the past tense. 

Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check  out my grammar course on the present tense  

or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you  

next time. Bye. 

Hi, everyone.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense

using 'will' and 'be going to'.

This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.

There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.

The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘I'm cold.’

Well that's right now.

‘I will close the window.’

We start with the subject ‘will’.

And then, the base verb.

‘I will close the window.’

In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.

I will close the window because I'm cold right now.

‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’

Again, you start with the subject and then ‘will’.

After that, you have the base verb.

You can use the ‘be’ verb to talk about a confirmed plan.

‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’

The economy will get better next year.

In this case, the subject is ‘the economy’.

Again, we follow with ‘will’ and the base verb ‘get’.

‘The economy will get better next year.’

I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.

And finally, ‘I will help you with your homework.’

I'm making a future plan to help you.

‘I will help you with your homework.’

It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.

Let's move on.

You can also use ‘be going to’ to express a future action.

It's almost the same as ‘will’.

Here are some examples.

‘There's no milk.

I'm going to buy some.’

So what you see here is the subject and then the ‘be’ verb - ‘am’.

‘I am’

And then here we used a contraction ‘I'm’.

‘I'm going to buy some.’

I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.

The next sentence says, ‘It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.’

Here the subject is ‘it’ and so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.

‘it is’

‘It's’ is the contraction.

‘It's going to’ And then we use the base verb ‘snow’.

The word ‘tomorrow’ shows that this is a future action.

‘He's going to take a trip in the summer.’

Because the subject is ‘he’, we use the ‘be’ verb – is.

And we can use the contraction ‘he's’. ‘he is’ or ‘he's’ going to

And then the base verb ‘take’

‘take a trip in the summer’

Again an action happening in the future.

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at the negative form of

the future simple tense.

The first example says, ‘Stan will not like his English score.’

No matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘will not’ and then the

base form of the verb.

‘Stan will not like his English score.’

‘We won't give you money anymore.’

In this case, the subject is ‘we’.

And we follow with the contraction ‘won't’.

It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,

but ‘won't’ is the contraction for ‘will not’

so you can say ‘we will not’ or ‘we won't’.

They're the same.

‘We won't give you money anymore.’

Again, you notice the base verb ‘give’ after ‘not’.

‘He is not going to fly until next week.’

This sentence uses ‘be going to’. The subject is ‘he’.

And therefore the ‘be’ verb we use is – ‘is’

However we put a ‘not’ after the ‘be’ verb.

‘He is not going to …’ And then the base verb.

‘He is not going to fly until next week.’

The last sentence says, ‘You are not going to go to the party tonight.’

The subject is ‘you’ and so we use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.

‘You are not going to go …’ That's the base verb.

‘… to the party tonight.’

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.

The first sentence says, ‘He will play with us.’

To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the

first two words.

So ‘He will becomes ‘Will he’.

‘Will he play with us?’

‘The next sentence says, ‘He is going to play with us.’

This one uses ‘be going to’.

The subject is ‘he’.

And so the ‘be’ verb to use is – ‘is’.

Then we have ‘going to’ and then the base verb.

‘He is going to play with us.’

When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.

‘Is he going to play with us?’

Now if the subject were to be ‘you’ or ‘we’ or ‘they’,

we would say ‘they are’.

And so the question would say, ‘Are they'.

'Are they going to play with them?’

for example.

So again, remember, for ‘will’ in the future simple tense,

just say ‘will’ subject and then the base form of the verb.

However for ‘be going to’ questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper

'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.

To answer the first question, ‘Will he play with us?’

You can say ‘Yes, he will’ or ‘No, he won't’.

‘Is he going to play with us?’

You can say, ‘Yes, he's going to’ or ‘No, he isn't going to’.

Let's move on.

Let's look at how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future simple tense.

If you notice each question begins with a ‘WH’ word.

Who

When

Where

And What

The first two sentences use ‘will’ for the future simple tense.

‘Who will win the game?’

To answer I can say, ‘My team will win the game.’

‘When will they arrive?’

‘They will arrive in two hours.’

Now these two sentences have ‘be going to’.

‘Where is he going to study?’

In this case, I have the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’ because the subject is ‘he’.

‘Where is he going to study?’

I can say, ‘He is going to study at the library.’

And finally, ‘What are you going to do?’

In this case, I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘you’.

‘What are you going to do?’

‘I am going to take a shower.’

Let's move on.

For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.

The first example says, ‘Jen and Paul [blank] home soon’

with the verb ‘go’.

Remember, when using ‘will’ for the future simple tense,

it doesn't matter what the subject is.

We say ‘will’ and then the base verb.

So here we can say, ‘Jen and Paul’ or ‘They will go home soon’.

‘I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.’

Try filling in the blank with ‘be’.

Again, we simply say ‘will be’.

‘I will be a scientist after I graduate.’

Now try this one, ‘We [blank] that because it smells bad.’

I want you to use the negative form with the verb ‘eat’.

Here we say, ‘will not eat’ or remember we can use the contraction ‘won't’.

‘We will not eat that’ or ‘We won't eat that because it smells bad’.

Now look for the mistake in this sentence.

‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’

Remember, we need the base form of the verb.

‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’

‘Angie and I will playing a game.’

Again we need the base form of the verb.

Angie and I will play a game.’

And finally, ‘Will she be cook dinner?’

This is a question.

However we need to say, ‘Will she cook dinner.’

We do not need a ‘be’ verb here.

Let's move on.

Let's practice the ‘be going to’ usage of the future simple tense.

‘We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.’

I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.

Remember, for ‘be going to’ in the future simple tense,

we start with the subject and then the ‘be’ verb.

The subject here is ‘we’.

So we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.

‘We are going to’ and then the base verb ‘watch’.

‘We are going to watch soccer.’

‘I [blank] going to [blank].’

The verb is ‘talk’.

And I want you to use the negative form.

In this case, the subject is ‘I’.

And so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘am’.

‘I am’ and then we need ‘not’.

‘I am not going to’

Then the base verb ‘talk’.

‘Why [blank] you going to [blank]?’

The verb here is ‘go’.

In a question, especially a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word,

and then the ‘be’ verb.

‘are’ is the correct ‘be’ verb because the subject is ‘you’.

Then we have ‘going to’.

And again, the base form of the verb.

‘Why are you going to go?’

Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘You are going to studying at home.’

Can you find the mistake?

‘You are going to’ that's correct.

But we need the base form of the verb.

‘You are going to study at home.’

‘You will be going to learn English.’

‘You will be going’

That sounds a little strange.

Remember, we don't need the ‘will’ here.

We're using ‘be going to’ and we need to change the ‘be’ verb to match the subject.

‘You are going to learn English’.

Or remember, you can also say, ‘You will learn English.

and finally ‘Is he going to do play soccer.’

uh-oh We have two verbs here.

‘Is he going to’ - that's correct.

But we have ‘do’ and ‘play’.

We don't need both, so we say, ‘Is he going to play soccer?’

Great job everybody.

Let's move on.

Great job, everyone.

You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.

There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.

Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video. 

Hi, everybody.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.

This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.

I'll go over the basics of this lesson.

And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.

There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.

One usage of the future continuous tense

is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.

We include when this action will be happening.

We can use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’.

To do this, let's take a look at some examples.

‘I will be taking the test soon.’

So you can see here we have the subject and then ‘will be’.

After that, we include verb +ing.

The word ‘soon’ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.

‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’

This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,

but instead of ‘will be’, we used ‘be going to be’.

Here the subject is ‘I’.

And therefore we have the ‘be’ verb ‘am’.

‘I am going to be’ And then verb +ing.

‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’

I can also use the contraction and say.

‘I'm going to be taking the test soon.’

The next sentence says, ‘He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.’

And the last sentence says, ‘They are going to be …’

Here, because the subject is ‘they’, we use ‘are’.

‘They are going to be studying …’ There's the verb +ing

‘… next October.’

‘by 10 pm’ and ‘next October’ show when these actions will be happening.

Let's move on.

The future continuous tense is also used to show

that a short action in the future is happening

during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.

We can use the word ‘when’ to show when the shorter action occurs.

Take a look at the first example,

‘I will be sleeping when they arrive.’

Here we see two actions,

‘I will be sleeping’ and ‘they arrive’.

The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action

that's in progress in the future.

‘I will be sleeping.’

Remember, ‘I will be’ and then verb +ing.

This is the action that is ongoing in the future.

Then we see ‘when they arrive’.

This is in the present tense.

‘they arrive’

This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.

‘We will be having dinner when the movie starts.’

This is very similar to the first sentence.

‘We will be having dinner …’

That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.

And while this is happening, the movie will start.

But again, we use the present tense here.

‘the movie starts’

So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.

‘Tina is going to be working when you leave.’

Remember, we can use ‘be going to be’ in this tense so,

‘She is going to be working when you leave.’

This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.

And finally, ‘It will be raining when you go shopping’.

Again, this is the ongoing action.

And this is the shorter action.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.

Here are some examples:

‘He will not be reading before bed.’

For the negative form, after the subject and ‘will’, we say ‘not be’.

And then verb +ing.

‘He will not be reading before bed.’

He'll be doing something else.

The next sentence says,

‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’

So this is very similar to the first sentence.

We have the subject, ‘my dad,’

and instead of ‘will not’ we use the contraction ‘won't’.

Remember, ‘won't’ is a contraction for ‘will not’.

‘My dad won't …’ and then we have ‘be’ verb +ing.

‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’

The next sentence says, ‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’

Here we have the ‘be going to be’.

So ‘he’ is the subject and so we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

After the ‘be’ verb, we say ‘not’.

He is not going to ‘be’ verb +ing.

‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’

Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,

‘He isn't going to be working tomorrow.’

That's okay as well.

‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’

Here the subject is ‘we’. And so the ‘be’ verb to use is ‘are’.

I use the contraction here ‘aren't’ for ‘are not’.

‘We are not …’ or ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’

Great job.

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.

Take a look at this first sentence.

It says, ‘He will be traveling next month.’

Now, to turn this into a question,

all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.

So ‘He will’ becomes ‘Will he’.

‘Will he be traveling next month?’

You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.

Only the first two words.

So, ‘Will he be traveling next month?’

To answer you can say, ‘Yes, he will.’

or ‘No, he won't.’

The next sentence says, ‘They are going to be living there.’

Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.

‘They are’ becomes ‘Are they’.

‘Are they going to be living there?’

To reply you can say, ‘Yes, they are.’

or ‘No, they aren't.’

Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,

there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the

future.

There is no ‘next month’ or anything like that.

In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.

So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.

That's what that means.

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future continuous tense.

Take a look at the board.

First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the ‘Wh’ words -

‘Where,’ ‘What,’ ‘Who,’ and ‘When’.

Let's take a look at the first question.

‘Where will he be working?’

When we use ‘will be’, we start with ‘Where’ and then ‘will’.

After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.

‘Where will he be working?’

I can answer by saying,

‘He will’ or ‘He'll be working at the factory.’

The next question says, ‘What will she be watching?’

This is very similar to the first question.

The only difference is that the subject is now ‘she’ and the verb is different.

‘What will she be watching?’

I can say, ‘She'll be watching’ or ‘She will be watching her favorite tv show’.

‘Who will they be talking to?’

Again, very similar.

To answer,I can say,

‘They will be talking to their mom.’

The last question has ‘be going to be’.

‘When are we …’ here the subject is ’we’.

So we start with the ‘be verb’ – ‘are’.

‘When are we going to be meeting Casey?’

I can say,

‘We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.’

Good job, everybody.

Let’s move on.

Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘They _blank_ at school tomorrow.’

I want you to use ‘will' and then the verb ‘study’, for this tense.

Remember, in the future continuous tense,

no matter what the subject, we say ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.

So the correct answer for this sentence is ‘they will be studying’

‘They will be studying at school tomorrow.’

The next sentence says.

‘Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.’

Here, instead of ‘will’ try to use ‘be going to be’.

‘Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.’

I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.

So, Jessie is a ‘he’ or it can be a ‘she’.

Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.

Either way I need to use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.

‘Jesse is going to be’

and then we need verb +ing.

‘Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.’

The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.

‘We willn’t be studying at the library today.’

‘We will not …’

What's the contraction for ‘will not’?

Well it definitely isn't ‘willn’t’.

The contraction is ‘won't’.

‘We won't be studying at the library today.’

And finally, ‘Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.’

Remember, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.

So the correct answer is,

‘Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.’

Good job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.’

I want you to use ‘will’ and the verb ‘wait’.

Remember, for this tense, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing,

so the correct answer is,

‘He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.’

The next sentence says, ‘We are not …’ so this is a negative,

‘_blank_ the play when he performs’.

Here, instead of ‘will’, I want you to use ‘be going to be’ and the verb ‘see’.

We already have part of that phrase for you.

‘We are …’, here's the ‘be’ verb, ‘not’

so this is negative.

And then we say ‘going to be’

and then verb +ing.

‘We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.’

Now find the mistake in this sentence.

‘They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.’

‘They won't be’

That's correct in the negative form.

However, we need verb +ing.

‘They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.’

And finally, ‘Terry is going to working when the manager arrives’.

‘Terry’ is a ‘he’ or ‘she’ so ‘is’ is the correct ‘be’ verb to use.

‘going to’ that's also correct.

What we're missing here is ‘be’.

‘Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.’

Good job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.

Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.

I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.

And I believe in you.

I'll see you in the next video. 

Hi, everyone.

I’m Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.

This tense is used to express an action in the future

that will happen by a specific time in the future.

This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it

so keep watching.

The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future

that will happen by a specific time in the future.

Let's look at some examples.

The first sentence says,

‘The snow will have stopped by April.’

We start with the subject.

In this case, ‘The snow’.

Then, we follow with ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.

In this case, we used ‘stopped’ for the verb ‘stop’.

At the end of the sentence, you'll notice ‘by April’.

‘by April’ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.

The next sentence says,

‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’

In this sentence,

‘By the time he graduates’ or the specific time in the future.

comes at the beginning of the sentence

so ‘by’ plus ‘a time in the future’

can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.

‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed…’

Again, you see ‘subject + will + have’ and the past participle of the verb.

In this case, ‘completed’.

‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’

The next sentence says,

‘Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.’

In this example, ‘by the summer’, the future specific time, comes at the end.

By this time in the future, her ‘arm’, that's the subject, will have ‘healed’,

the past participle.

Here I put ‘fully’ just to show how much it will have healed.

I’m just adding an extra description.

The last sentence says,

‘By next month, …’ so here we see ‘by’ and ‘the time’ at the beginning of the

sentence.

‘you’, that's the subject.

‘will have received’, there's the past participle.

‘your promotion.’

Again, ‘By next month you will have received your promotion.’

Let's move on.

Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.

Here are some examples.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says,

‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’

First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,

‘byJuly’.

Now for the negative form, what I do is say, ‘subject’ and ‘will not have’,

then we put the past participle of the verb.

‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’

The next sentence says,

‘Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...’

There it is again, ‘will not have’ and then the past participle of speak ...

which is ‘spoken’.

‘… before the plane leaves.’

Here, instead of the word ‘by’, we used ‘before’ to show a specific time in the

future.

That's okay as well.

The next sentence says,

‘You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.’

Here, again, we've used ‘by 6 p.m.’ to show a time in the future.

And again, you see ‘you will not have’ and then the past participle of eat which

is ‘eaten’.

The last sentence says, ‘By noon …’, there's the time again,

‘I will not have taken off to Japan.’

‘taken’ is the past participle of ‘take’.

Let's move on.

Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.

The first sentence here says,

‘You will have gone to work by 10 a.m.’

To turn this into a question, all we have to

do is switch the order of the first two words.

‘You will’ becomes ‘Will you’.

You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.

‘Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?’

You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, I will have.’

or ‘No, I will have not.’

The next sentence says, ‘She will have woken up by noon.’

Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.

‘She will’ becomes ‘Will she’.

‘Will she have woken up by noon?’

Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.

‘Will she have woken up by noon?’

To reply, you can say, ‘Yes, she will have.’

or ‘No, she will have not.’

Let's move on.

Now, I'll talk about how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future perfect tense.

If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the ‘WH’ word.

‘Where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘when’.

Then after each ‘WH’ word comes the word ‘will’.

‘Where will’ ‘What will’

‘Who will’ and ‘When will’

So let's take a look at the first question.

‘Where will’…’ then you add ‘the subject’.

In this case, ‘you’.

And then, ‘have’ and after that the past participle of the verb.

In this case, it's ‘traveled’.

‘Where will you have traveled by December?’

I can answer by saying, ‘I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.’

There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.

The next question says, ‘What will they have done …’

‘done’ is the past participle of ‘do’.

‘… by the end of the evening?’

I can answer by saying, ‘They will have done their homework.’

The next question says, ‘Who will she have interviewed by 5 p.m.?’

Again, ‘who will’ + the subject ‘have’ and the past participle of the verb.

I can answer this question by saying,

‘She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.’

And finally, ‘When will they have started to learn?’

One way to answer this question is to say,

‘They will have started to learn in January.’

Let's move on.

Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.’

The verb to use is ‘read’.

Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,

and we have that here, ‘we’.

Then say, ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.

So here we need to say ‘will have’.

What is the past participle of ‘read’?

The correct answer is ‘read’.

They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.

‘We will have read that book by tomorrow.’

The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ the video by bedtime.’

Here we have ‘not’ so I want you to try the negative form.

And the verb to try is ‘watch’.

In the negative form, we start with the subject.

And instead of ‘will have’, we say ‘will not have’.

‘She will not have …’ Then we need the past participle of the verb.

In this case, it is ‘watched’.

‘She will not have watched the video by bedtime.’

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.’

This is the negative form because we have ‘will not have’.

That's correct.

But we need the past participle of ‘be’.

So we need to change it to ‘been’.

‘Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.’

The last sentence says, ‘I will have go to school by 8 30 a.m.’

Here, we have the affirmative, ‘will have’.

But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of ‘go’ which is ‘gone’.

‘I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.’

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Good job, guys.

Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.

I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.

I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you

and I will guide you through it.

I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody.

I’m Esther.

Welcome to the last tense.

If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,

please go check them out now.

In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.

This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action

or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation

that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first sentence says,

‘She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.’

So no matter what the subject, in this case we have ‘she’,

we follow with ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.

So, ‘She will have been living in Ireland …’

Then this sentence has the duration.

What period of time will this last? ‘for 10 years’

And when?

Remember, we need a point in time in the future.

In this case, we just use a general expression, ‘at that point’.

Here, it's not specific and that's okay.

We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.

‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’

Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.

‘By midnight’ And, again, we see ‘will have been’ +

verb 'ing'.

‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’.

Here we have ‘for four hours’.

This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.

So, again, ‘By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.’

The last sentence says, ‘In June …’

Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.

‘In June, ‘we’ that's the subject.

‘we'll have been studying …’ There's the ‘verb +ing’.

‘… at this university for four years.’

Here is the duration, ‘for four years’.

Good job.

And let's move on.

Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.

In the affirmative form, we say ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.

In the negative form, however, we say, ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’

and then ‘verb +ing’.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first sentence here says,

‘At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.’

And so you see it.

‘I’ is the subject.

‘… will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.

In this case, ‘living’.

The next sentence says,

‘He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.’

Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’,

‘sleeping’.

The last sentence says,

‘By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.’

Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘we will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’

here, ‘studying’.

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.

Here, the sentence says,

‘Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.’

To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two

words.

So instead of ‘Sean will’, I can say ‘Will Sean’.

‘Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?’

You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.

I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, he will have.’

or ‘No, he will have not.’

The next sentence says,

‘They will have been working there for three months by that time.’

Again, I changed the order of the first two words.

To turn this into a question ‘They will’ becomes ‘Will they’.

‘Will they have been working there for three months by that time?’

Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.

I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they will have.’

or ‘No, they will have not.’

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at how to form ‘WH” questions in the future perfect continuous

tense.

Take a look at the board.

All of these questions begin with a ‘WH’ word.

‘where’ ‘what’

‘who’ and ‘how long’

Take a look at the first question.

‘Where will you have been walking?’

To form a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, then ‘will’.

After that, we add the subject, ‘you’, ‘they’, ‘she’ and ‘you’.

After that, we add ‘have been’ + ‘verb +ing’.

‘Where will you have been walking?’

‘What will they have been playing?’

‘Who will she have been talking to?’

and ‘How long will you have been working …?’

There's the ‘verb +ing’.

‘ … there by the time you finish?’

So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.

‘Where will you have been walking?’

I can answer by saying, ‘I will have been walking in the park.’

‘What will they have been playing?’

‘They will have been playing video games.’

‘Who will she have been talking to?’

‘She will have been talking to her cousin.’

And finally,

‘How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?’

‘By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.’

Let's move on.

Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at the board.

The first sentence says,

‘By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.’

I’m looking to use the verb ‘play’.

Remember, in this tense, we need to have ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.

So ‘By 10 p.m., I will have been playing …’

Again, we need ‘verb +ing’.

‘… I will have been playing that game for three hours.

The next sentence says,

‘When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.’

Try to use the verb ‘cook’.

Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.

‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking …’

‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.’

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.’

Here, we have a negative form, ‘they will not have’.

Then we need ‘been’.

‘They will not have been …’

And then the ‘verb +ing’ is here so that's correct.

‘Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.’

The last sentence says,

‘It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.’

So maybe here I’m talking about a computer or a TV.

Maybe some kind of machine.

‘it’ ‘It will have been …’

I see the mistake here.

We need ‘verb +ing’.

‘It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Thank you so much for watching this  course on the twelve English tenses. 

Now, you have a better understanding  of how to use these tenses. 

I know studying English can be hard, but  with time and practice, you will get better. 

Please watch my other videos. And I’ll see you next time. 

Bye.