7 Surprising Truths About Grammar

22,613 views ใƒป 2021-01-22

RealLife English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Aww yeah! So today we are talking about what manyย  consider a hot topic, and that is grammar! So ifย ย 
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์•„ ์˜ˆ! ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:06
you watch this video until the end you areย  going to make amends, and we will help youย ย 
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
to learn to enjoy grammar, because we will helpย  you understand that grammar is just a foundation,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ ,
00:17
that language is a living being, how grammarย  is like Yoda, that context is everything,ย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์š”๋‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
it's okay to make mistakes, how you probablyย  already know more than you think, and finally thatย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฏธ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
00:31
you should learn what to use before how to use it. But before we get into any of that I want to letย ย 
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
00:37
you know that if you are new here, everyย  single week we help you to understandย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋งค์ฃผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:41
fast speaking natives, to be understoodย  by anyone and to connect to the world!ย 
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๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ง์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:46
Just like our fan Charlie, who says that forย  the first time in his life he's actually ableย ย 
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:50
to understand. So we're going to help youย  a ton too, it's really simple: hit thatย ย 
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํŒฌ ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Subscribe button and the Bell down below, andย  you won't miss a single one of our new lessons.ย 
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๊ตฌ๋… ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ข… ๋ชจ์–‘ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Now, before we really jump into the bulkย  of today's lesson, do you know what grammarย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด
01:05
really is? Now grammar is simply the structureย  of the language, it's kind of how we determineย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:10
what words to place where. Now while this is superย  important and it's really crucial that you studyย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
01:17
the grammatical structure when you're learningย  another language, this isn't the sole thing thatย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ
01:22
you should be focusing on, and learning grammarย  is so much more than just memorizing the rules.ย 
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:26
I'm sure that you have encountered thatย  natives break the rules all the time.ย ย 
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์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ์˜
01:31
You might hear in a different songย  just for example from The Beatles.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:34
They have a song where they say, "She'sย  got a ticket to ride, but she don't care."ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ฐจ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Now in school I'm sure that youย  learned that it should be: he-she-itย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. he-she-it์€
01:43
doesn't care, but we can see that nativesย  will be really flexible with the language.
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์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ •๋ง ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
All right, so I want you to take a moment toย  think of the English language a bit like a house.ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Now if you were looking at a house grammarย  would be like the foundation of that house. It'sย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ง‘ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ง‘์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:02
what gives it structure and helps it to stand. Now, if all you have is grammar then your houseย ย 
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง‘์ด
02:07
might be a bit bare. It might be a bit empty, youย  might not even be able to live in it and that isย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํœ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:14
why you might have things like word choice, forย  example. Now this might be like the color thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:18
you paint the walls, or the sofa that you haveย  in your living room, so it's when people come andย ย 
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๋ฒฝ์„ ์น ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์†ŒํŒŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:23
visit your house how are they going to perceiveย  it, how is it going to make them feel emotionally.ย 
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์ง‘์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? .
02:28
Now when we speak a language we don't usually haveย  such a conscious knowledge of how it works, mostย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
02:33
natives aren't actually aware of the grammar rulesย  and I'm sure, if you think about your knowledge ofย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
your own language, this is probably the case,ย  unless you're actually a teacher of it. Howeverย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
02:42
knowing the rules and studying them can be veryย  empowering if you're doing it in the right way.ย ย 
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And the main point that you really should takeย  away here is that grammar is like the compassย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์š”์ ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
02:51
that makes sure that we're allย  speaking the same language.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
So Wade Davis said that language is a flashย  of the human spirit. Now, what this meansย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Wade Davis๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ์˜ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
03:03
is that English speakers worldwide are constantlyย  reinventing the language. It's always growing andย ย 
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
03:09
changing and evolving. Now what was spoken inย  Shakespearean times for example is not at allย ย 
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:16
the same grammar that we're using in today'sย  English. Just to give you an example, youย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:20
probably learned in school that one way to formย  the future tense is by saying, "I'm going to."ย 
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ "I'm going to"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
However you will almost never hear natives sayย  it this way. You might hear very often "I'mย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "I'm gonna"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜
03:31
gonna," but did you know that we shorten it evenย  more nowadays? You can encounter people sayingย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š” ?
03:36
"I'm anna" instead of I'm gonna, or shorteningย  it even more all the way down to "imma."ย 
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I'm gonna ๋Œ€์‹  'I'm anna'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 'imma'๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Now just to give you another example, centuriesย  ago English actually had two forms of the pronounย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
you. So for the singular we would say thou andย  for the plural we would say ye. Now, nowadaysย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ thou๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ye๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š”
03:55
most people will probably just use one word forย  both the singular and the plural, and that's you.ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์— ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
However if you go to some places, forย  example in the South of the United States,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
04:04
you might hear people instead using "you all"ย  for the plural of the second person of the you.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 2์ธ์นญ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋Œ€์‹  'you all'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:11
So they say you if they're just talking to oneย  person and you all if they're talking to a group.ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹  ๋ชจ๋‘๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Or in other parts of the U.S you might hearย  people saying you guys to refer to a groupย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:20
of both men and women. And furthermoreย  the rules are going to vary depending onย ย 
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์€
04:25
where you're using the English. Soย  if you travel to the UK you mightย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:29
find some little bit different rules than youย  would find if you're using American English.ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
So really when you're thinking about what isย  correct grammar, you first have to think aboutย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋จผ์ €
04:38
where are you actually taking the use of thatย  English language, and in addition to this,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„
04:44
modern British grammar and vocabulary andย  so many other aspects are highly influencedย ย 
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
04:48
by American English, because of all of theย  media that comes out of the United States.ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ
04:53
So what's more, grammar rules can be flexible inย  both spoken and written English. Just to give youย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
an example of this, you can hear certain peopleย  use ain't all the time when they're speaking,ย ย 
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:04
but you probably would not want to use thisย  if you're doing some sort of formal writing.ย 
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Now, finally it's really important that weย  remember that grammar tries to explain whatย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
05:13
natives naturally do when they speak aย  language. So grammar is really complexย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žก
05:18
and an ambiguous system, and there are evenย  discrepancies between the leading grammarians.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
So if you're a Star Wars fan then you alreadyย  know that Yoda's wisdom gave Luke guidance on hisย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆ ํŒฌ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์š”๋‹ค์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฃจํฌ์˜
05:35
journey to help him decide what the best next stepย  to take was. So in the same way grammar is like anย ย 
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์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ณด์—
05:41
old friend that helps you to make informedย  decisions when you're speaking or writing inย ย 
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์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:46
English. It takes you to the next level and helpsย  you to give a more accurate sense of your ideas.ย 
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
so it helps you to be independent, but itย  should be used in a constructive way. Soย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:57
this is just in the same way that you'd useย  a flashlight to find your way in the darkย ย 
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์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ์†์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ
06:01
or that you would use floaties to helpย  yourself feel more secure when you're swimming.ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋กœํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So you should use grammar in your favor, notย  against you. Friends push each other forward,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ ,
06:10
they don't hold each other back. And we would loveย  to be your Yoda on your English learning journeyย ย 
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ Yoda๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
06:15
and help you to learn grammar the naturalย  way. So a really great place to get startedย ย 
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์€
06:20
is with our Power Learning Mini Course.ย  You can join that absolutely FREE. Youย ย 
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ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
06:25
can learn more and sign up looking upย  here or down the description below.
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Do you remember when you were aย  child learning your first language?ย ย 
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
06:38
Did you have to learn all the grammar rulesย  before you could start speaking? And nowadays,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
06:43
do you know all the grammar rules flawlessly toย  be able to communicate in your native language?ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
06:47
So in the very same way when you're learningย  English it's useful to know the function ofย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:52
different grammar points before its rules. So aย  good idea can actually be learning what to useย ย 
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๊ทœ์น™์— ์•ž์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:58
before how it's actually constructedย  in a grammatically correct way.ย ย 
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.
07:02
So just to give you an example of this, sayย  that you want to talk about something thatย ย 
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
07:05
you did in the past but that you don'tย  do anymore. So you would use "used to"ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'used to'
07:09
or "would." Now by knowing this then you canย  know how you would correctly conjugate thisย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” 'would'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ
07:15
in the affirmative or the negative or whatย  kind of verb form needs to come after this.ย 
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๊ธ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋’ค์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So I would be willing to bet that this is notย  how they taught you at all in school. It's okayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ •์„
07:26
to figure out the grammar rules as you're goingย  about your journey learning the language. Youย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ
07:31
don't need to have them all memorized before youย  can start speaking. Just to give you an example,ย ย 
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์ „์— ์„ ์™ธ์šธ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์นดํƒˆ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด๋ฅผ
07:35
when I was learning Catalan I didn't study theย  grammar at all. For the first few years I actuallyย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ
07:41
just started using it first, to be able toย  understand different things that I enjoyed, likeย ย 
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์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
music or TV series. And to start being able toย  speak with different friends in that language. Andย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
then a couple years ago I was really determined toย  actually start studying the language to be able toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:56
kind of polish up some of my mistakes. And soย  when I started at that point studying grammarย ย 
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๋‚ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:01
it made perfect sense to me, because I had alreadyย  encountered these things hundreds of times if notย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฒˆ ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:06
thousands. It wasn't just some abstract setย  of rules that I felt like I had to memorize.ย 
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. ์•”๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:12
So that leads us perfectly into the nextย  point and that is that context is everything.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์š”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So without context, memorizing the rules inย  a grammar book won't do anything for you,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ์—†์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and that's why it's so great to learn Englishย  by reading or by watching series. Because you'llย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…์„œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
actually see the different grammaticalย  structures used in context and sometimesย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€
08:35
these can actually be absorbed without youย  even realizing them. And this is exactlyย ย 
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๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ
08:39
what we'll do for you in that Power Learningย  Mini Course that I told you about earlier.ย ย 
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ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:43
So to help you understand this a littleย  bit better let's look at an example.ย ย 
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์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
So the present continuous can be usedย  in a variety of different functions.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
08:51
Let's look at four different ways, just so thatย  you'll understand why context is so important.ย 
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:56
So first off, she's eating dinner,ย  that's why she can't answer the phone.ย 
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์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
He's studying for his S.A.T exams. People are texting much more than they used to.ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” S.A.T ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
When we moved to Italy, we'reย  buying a house on the coast.ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
So as you can see if you don't know whatย  you need to express in a certain context,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด be ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ing ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:17
knowing that you form the present continuousย  by adding the verb to be plus a verb plus ing,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:24
is going to be completely useless to you.ย  However schools will often teach grammarย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
09:28
blindly in this way. And also, as we touchedย  on earlier, the place where you grew up,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด , ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณณ,
09:33
the region that you live in, and evenย  the family that you grew up with,ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋„
09:37
can also influence how you speak the language. So let's take a look also at how important contextย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
09:43
is in informal and formal situations.ย  So we'll look at different examplesย ย 
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๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์‹ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:48
and both of them can actually be correct,ย  depending on what context that you're in.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:02
So as you can see it's nearly humanlyย  impossible to know and be aware of allย ย 
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
the different variants of a language and whatย  is considered correct in each of them and againย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ
10:13
some things might be considered grammaticallyย  incorrect, but natives still do them anyway.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
So grammatical competence is the ability to makeย  sense of grammatical sentences in at least oneย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
10:26
language and transfer that to another. So you mayย  already be able to take some things that you knowย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–ด
10:32
in your native language and apply those toย  English, you're not starting completely from zero.ย 
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์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Now in addition to that your previousย  exposure is absolutely essential,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
10:40
so have you ever had that feeling that you areย  speaking or you're writing something and youย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:45
just know how to say that correctly, and you'reย  not even sure how to explain why you know that?ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์กฐ์ฐจ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„?
10:50
Now this is based on the previous exposure thatย  you've had for the language, you've probably seenย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ์ด์ „ ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
10:55
that use some place and your brain has beenย  able to kind of connect the dots, even thoughย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š”
11:00
you can't explain it. And you've probably learnedย  some sort of different grammatical structuresย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„
11:04
that maybe you haven't even formally studied yet. And this is exactly why constant exposure is soย ย 
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์•„์ง ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ๋งค์šฐ
11:10
crucial: the more that you expose yourself toย  a language by listening to it and reading it,ย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฑ…์ƒ์—
11:15
the less time that you need to sit down formallyย  studying at your desk. So one place we can seeย ย 
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์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•‰์•„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€
11:20
that this is important is that sometimesย  two different varieties of saying one thingย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
11:24
can be used in the same variety of English. Soย  American or British for example, and on the otherย ย 
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
11:30
hand only one form might be accepted in anotherย  variety of the language. So just to give youย ย 
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–‘์‹๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:35
an example of it let's look at these sentences. So is jack here? No, he's just gone home. Now whoย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žญ์ด ์™”์–ด? ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€
11:41
do you think would say that? Brits or Americans? Now actually you could hear both Brit andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”? ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ? ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ
11:46
Americans using it that way. However if we changeย  the dialogue a little bit and instead it becomes:ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Is jack here? No, he just wentย  home. Who would say it that way?ย 
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์žญ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:57
So you could know that that person is anย  American speaking because this is acceptedย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:01
in American English but not in British English.ย  So let's take a quick look at another example.ย 
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
So say someone calls me on the phone. Iย  could answer and say, "Hello, is that Susan?"ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Susan์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Now who do you think would say it thatย  way? Would that be a Brit or an American?ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ผ๊นŒ์š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:15
Now that would be a Brit that would say itย  that way. An American would actually say,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
12:20
"Is this Susan?" and by the way if youย  want to learn more differences betweenย ย 
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"์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ Susan์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ
12:24
British and American English, then I highlyย  recommend that you check out this video.ย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
You'll find that by clicking upย  here or down the description below.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
It's okay to make mistakes. Repeat it to yourselfย  like a mantra. Making mistakes is a crucial partย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒํŠธ๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:41
of the learning process. I mean how many timesย  did you fall down before you learned to walk?ย ย 
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ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
12:46
Now, having a reasonable amount of correctnessย  is important because people need to be able toย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
understand you. It's quite unnecessary that youย  can perfectly speak the language. I mean nativesย ย 
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. ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€
12:55
don't even speak the language perfectly. We talkedย  earlier about how natives often make mistakesย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:00
and these mistakes can actually become the norm,ย  so much so that eventually they're accepted intoย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
13:06
what is considered correct grammar or correctย  English. So just to give you an example,ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
13:10
the word data was not always said thisย  way. For the singular of this we used toย ย 
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:15
say datum which comes from latin. Soย  just to give you an example of this:ย ย 
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ…€์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด:
13:20
only having one datum for my paper was not enoughย  to prove my theory. And it has gained differentย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์…€
13:24
meaning and been used as a singular uncountableย  noun ever since. So, to give you an example,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
13:30
they transfer the data to a flash drive. So weย  don't know if they're talking about one pieceย ย 
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
13:35
of data or multiple pieces of data in that case. So if you go to Starbucks and you order coffee,ย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šคํƒ€๋ฒ…์Šค์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉด
13:41
the barista of course is not worried about whetherย  or not you're correctly applying the entire tableย ย 
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๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:46
of contents of your grammar book. They justย  need you to be intelligible enough so they knowย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:50
what you're asking for. They can place your orderย  correctly and you can enjoy a nice cup of coffee.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Remember, if you hold yourself backย  for fear of not speaking flawlesslyย ย 
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ž์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:01
then you are bound to forget what you'veย  already learned. Remember that grammarย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
14:05
is not the most important thing in the world. Alright so we've talked about a lot in today'sย ย 
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
video, so in it you remembered that grammar is theย  foundation of the language, but its rules are notย ย 
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. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ทœ์น™์€
14:16
set in stone. The language is constantly changingย  and evolving and the grammar is too. Understandingย ย 
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๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
the radical rules will empower you but theyย  should only come second when communicating.ย ย 
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ํž˜์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
You already know more than you think so trustย  your guts, and making mistakes is okay they'reย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์งฑ์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
14:32
natural part of the learning process. So I want to know what are your mainย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
takeaways from today's lesson? What surprisedย  you the most? Write it down in the commentsย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ž๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด๋‘๊ณ 
14:40
below and let's start a conversation. And now it's time to go beyond theย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋„˜์–ด
14:44
classroom and live your English! Andย  you'll learn the grammar along the way.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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