How to Reduce 'THAT' -- AMERICAN ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

409,902 views ใƒป 2013-03-06

Rachel's English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to go over how to pronounce the
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง ใฏ
00:05
word THAT in a sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
As you probably know, in American English, there are lots of words called function words
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ไธญใงใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎใชใ„ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝ่ชžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:19
that will be unstressed in a sentence. And some of these will reduce. THAT is one of
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:24
those words. In a sentence, the vowel will often reduce to the schwa sound. The final
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎไธ€ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ
00:30
T will be a stop T if the next word begins with a consonant, or it will be a flap T if
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Tใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใซใชใ‚Š
00:36
the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong.
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ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆฏ้ŸณใพใŸใฏไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
The voiced, TH, where the tongue tip comes just through the teeth. Then for the schwa
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่ˆŒๅ…ˆ ใŒๆญฏใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹ๆฟใฃใŸTHใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ
00:47
sound, the tongue tip pulls back and comes down, rests just behind the bottom front teeth,
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้Ÿณใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใŒๅผ•ใๆˆปใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ๆญฏใฎใ™ใๅพŒใ‚ใซ็ฝฎใ‹
00:52
and the tongue is very relaxed. Tha-, tha-. For the T, flap or stop, the tongue tip will
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ใ‚Œใ€่ˆŒใŒ้žๅธธใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ Tha-ใ€tha-ใ€‚ Tใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
00:58
go to the roof of the mouth, that, that, and cut off the air flow for the stop T, or bounce
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ใ€่ˆŒๅ…ˆใฏๅฃ่“‹ใซ่กŒใใ€ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎๆตใ‚Œใ‚’้ฎๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
01:05
back down, letting the air through for the flap T.
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ใ€่ทณใญ่ฟ”ใฃใฆใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’้€š้Žใ•ใ›ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:08
Let's look at some sample sentence fragments. That my, that my. The next word here, my,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใฎๆ–ญ็‰‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€myใฏ
01:16
begins with a consonant So the T at the end of the word 'that' is a stop: that my.
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ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹T'that'ใฏๅœๆญขใงใ™๏ผšthatmyใ€‚
01:22
That I, that I. The next word here, I, has the AI diphthong.
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ใใฎ็งใ€ใใฎ็งใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆฌกใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€็ง ใฏใ€AIไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
So, the T at the end of the word 'that' is a flap T. That I, that I. Now, let's look
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œthatใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ Tใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:36
at some full sentences. The movie that I saw was boring. That I, that I. Again, the AI
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ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ็งใ€ใใฎ็งใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€AIใฎ
01:44
diphthong, so the T is a flap. That I. The movie that I saw was boring. We thought that
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ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใชใฎใงใ€Tใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็งใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
01:51
we could be there. That we, that we. So, the word 'we', beginning with the W consonant,
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ็งใŸใกใ€ใใฎ็งใŸใกใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Wๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Š
01:58
the T is a stop T. That we, that we. We thought that we could be there. I know that you're
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ใ€Tใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅคฑๆœ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:05
disappointed. That you're, that you're. So, the next word here begins with the Y consonant,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏYๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
02:12
so the T is a stop T. That, that, that you're. That you're. I know that you're disappointed.
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ใฎใงใ€Tใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—Tใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅคฑๆœ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:20
I read that her team won. That her, that her. Here, with the word 'her', I'm dropping the
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒๅ‹ใฃใŸใจ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใฎๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ‚ใฎๅฝผๅฅณใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงHใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:27
H. So, the sound after the T, is the schwa sound, a vowel. Therefore, it's a flap T.
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ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€TใฎๅพŒใฎ ้Ÿณใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—T
02:34
That her, that her, I heard that her team won.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใฎๅฝผๅฅณใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒใƒผใƒ  ใŒๅ‹ใฃใŸใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:38
Will the word 'that' always be pronounced this way in a sentence? No. Sometimes it will
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅธธใซใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆ
02:42
have the AA vowel. For example, if you want to stress the word:
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ใ€‚AAๆฏ้ŸณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ๏ผš
02:47
>> It was easy. >> It wasn't that easy.
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>>ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ >>ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:50
Thaa, thaa. There, I'm keeping the AA vowel. Also, in this sentence, the word 'that' is an
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ใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€AAๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏ
02:57
adverb. And adverbs are generally content words, not going to reduce in a sentence.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅ†…ๅฎน ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:03
But you will often hear the word 'that' reduced. Doing it yourself will help to smooth out your
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆธ›ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚บใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
03:08
speech, and will also provide some nice rhythmic contrast to the longer, stressed syllables
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ใ€ใพใŸใ€ๆ–‡ ใฎ้•ทใใฆๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใจใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒชใ‚บใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™
03:14
in a sentence.
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ใ€‚
03:16
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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