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Do you wait until the last minute to buy  gifts? Joey and Chandler do. Today we’re  

taking a scene from Friends and  we’re doing a full pronunciation  

analysis. What are the characteristics of  American English? You're going to improve  

your listening comprehension and your English  pronunciation too. Here's the scene we’ll study.

Hi.

Hey, anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

No, nothing.

I hope she’s okay.

Yeah. I know exactly what she’s going through.

How do you know exactly what she’s going through?

She told us.

So what you got there Monica?

Just some stuff for the party.

Hey, what are you guys doing here? Aren’t  you supposed to be Christmas shopping?

You guys haven’t gotten your presents yet?  

Tomorrow is Christmas Eve,  what are you going to do?

Don’t you have to be Claymation  to say stuff like that?

And now let’s do the full analysis.

Be sure to download my Sounds  of American English Cheat Sheet,  

it’s free. It’s an illustrated reference  guide for you for all the American English  

sounds including the phonetic symbols you need  to know. Link here and in the video description.

Hi.

Hey, anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

So, two common American greetings.  Hey is more common and I talked  

about that in the video that we did two weeks ago,  

another scene from this Friends episode.  Hi, hi, up down shape of stress. Hi.

Hi.

Hey.

Hey, hey. And then hey, a more common  greeting, hey, also up down shape of stress.

Hey

Hey, anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

So, this is a yes no question. So out pitch  is going up towards the end. That’s common  

for yes no questions. So, we have a couple  stressed syllables, let’s listen for them.

Anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

Anyone hear from. So, we start higher and we come  low. Anyone. A little bit of up down on here from.  

So, anyone and here. Anyone, three  syllable word with first syllable stress.

Anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

Phoebe yet? So, then we backed up. So, Phoebe,  also stressed but rather than going up down,  

the stress here goes down up. Phoebe  yet? Because we’re heading up,  

because of it being a yes no question. Phoebe yet?

Phoebe yet?

Phoebe yet? And we have a stop T there, he doesn’t  release that air stop T yet just an abrupt stop.  

That is the most the most common pronunciation  of an ending T at the end of a thought group.  

Let’s look at our linking and things that are  happening with the pronunciation in this phrase.

Anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

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Anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

Anyone hear from. Anyone hear from. So, do you  hear how I’m saying this. I’m not saying from.  

I’m saying from, from. That’s exactly how Ross  said it so this word reduces. We change from  

the uh as in butter vowel. From, to the  schwa. From, from, from. The schwa gets  

absorbed by that M so you can think of there  being no vowel there. From, from, hear from.

Anyone hear from--

The word ‘hear’, if you look this up in a  dictionary, you’ll see it’s got the ih as  

in sit vowel, but when that vowel is  followed by schwa R like it is here,  

it changes, it becomes a vowel more like the  E vowel. So it’s not e but he-ee, hear, hear.

Anyone hear from--

Anyone hear from, anyone  hear from, anyone hear from.  

See if you can copy that  smoothness. Anyone hear from.

Anyone hear from--

Phoebe yet?

Phoebe yet? So, the ph makes the F  sound, Phoebe. And both the stressed  

and the unstressed syllables in this name  have the same vowel, that is the E vowel.

Phoebe, Phoebe, Phoebe yet?

Phoebe yet?

No, nothing.

No, nothing. Uhuuhuh. If we slow that down,  you would really hear that shape of stress,  

no, nothing. So two up down shapes  of stress, we have the oh diphthong,  

she makes a little bit relaxed, it’s not  no but more like no, no, no, no, nothing.

No, nothing.

Now here, the O, the letter O makes the uh as in  butter vowel. So, even though it looks like n-o,  

n-o, the pronunciation would be the same,  that is not true. No, nothing. Now, t-h-i-n-g,  

she does not make that an NG ending, she  doesn’t say nothing, she says nothing,  

nothing. So, making the NG ending just  an N ending, ih as in sit n and nothing.

Nothing.

I hope she’s okay.

Okay, so Monica’s response. Four words,  two of them as stressed. Which do you  

think are longer and up down shape of  stress or a down up shape of stress?

I hope she’s okay.

I hope she’s. Uhuhuh. Definitely hear that pitch  change. I hope she’s. And then we have okay. Also  

an up down shape of stress there. So, we have hope  and K. Now, the word I, that’s the I diphthong.  

It’s unstressed here, I don’t really hear  her pronouncing both of those sounds, I.

I hope she’s.

It’s more like a, a, I hope,  I hope, I hope she’s okay.  

So, ,aybe more like the ah as in father said  very, very quickly. I hope, I hope she’s okay.

I hope she’s okay.

Hope she’s. So, let’s talk about  our p. This is a stop consonant,  

hope. A stop consonant is a stop of air and  a release. But it’s really common in stop  

consonants not to make the release when  the next sound is a consonant. Here the  

next sound is the sh consonant. So it’s not  hope she’s. But it’s just hope she’s, hope,  

my lips come together for the P but I skip  the release rather than that escape of air,  

we go right into the sh consonant, hope she’s.  But there is that little tiny lift break, that’s  

the stop of the stop consonant as my lips come  together. Hope she’s. I hope she’s, I hope she’s.

I hope she’s --

I hope she’s okay.

Okay, okay. This is a word that  can have first syllable stress,  

okay. Or second syllable stress,  okay. She’s doing second.

she’s okay.

Yeah, I know exactly what she’s going through.

Yeah, yeah. Up down shape of stress

Yeah, --

I know exactly what she’s going through.

Yeah, I know exactly. So, more stress on  our verb. I know exactly on our adverb.

I know exactly --

I know exactly what she’s going through.

Going through, what she’s going through, then  one more stressed syllable on the verb going.  

So everything links together  smoothly even the word yeah,  

links right into the I, he doesn’t  do a break there, yeah, yeah I know.

Yeah, I know exactly what she’s going through.

Maybe you noticed this, maybe you  already know it but this word is  

pronounced the exact same way as this word.  N consonant, O diphthong. Know. Yeah I know.

Yeah, I know --

exactly what she’s going through.

Exactly. Now this is an interesting word.  We have the letter X. That always makes two  

sounds. In this case egz, G and Z, exactly. Then  we have a K, the letter C makes K, t-l-y. So,  

when t comes between two consonants, it’s really  common in American Englsih to drop it and that’s  

what he does, he does not say exactly. You  will find very few people pronouncing it that  

way. Exactly, exactly with no T is a much more  common pronunciation. Exactly, I know exactly.

I know exactly.

I know exactly what she’s going through.

Exactly what she’s, what she’s, what she’s, what she’s.

Do you notice I’m not saying what she’s?  It’s a very quick stop. It’s an unstressed word  

said very quickly. What she’s, what she’s,  what she’s, what, what. I’m debating, do I  

want to write that with a schwa, what, what or  uh as in butter, what, what. Let’s listen again.

I know exactly what she’s --

I think I’m going to write it with the  schwa, I think it’s just, there’s not much  

of a vowel there but what, what, what, what  she’s, what she’s. What she’s, what she’s.

what she’s --

going through.

Going through, going through. So one  peak of stress and the rest of the  

sentence just comes as the intonation drops  off. Now, Rachel up here took an IG ending,  

ing ending and made it an IN ending. He's  doing that too, rather than saying going,  

he’s saying goin’, goin’. Unstressed syllable  as it as in sit and going through, going, going,  

going through. Through, this word can be tricky,  we have an unvoiced th with an R. now the tongue  

does have to come through, the teeth here. But  it’s just the very tip. Make sure there’s not  

tension so the air can just flow really freely.  Going through, going through, th, th, th, through.

going through.

And all of these letters o-u-g-h just  make the ooh vowel. Going through.

going through.

How do you know --

How do you know. She’s stressing  you, we see that with a hand gesture,  

how do, how do you know. A little bit  of stress on our question word. That’s  

really typical to have the question  word be stressed. How do you know?

How do you know --

How do you know, how do you know. So  do and more said a little bit more  

quickly but all of this really links together  smoothly. How do you know, how do you know.

How do you know --

Exactly what she’s going through?

Know exactly. So, we have the oh diphthong,  

the ih as in sit vowel. Know exactly. It can help  you think a w glide consonant between the two to  

help you link those smoothly. Know exactly.  Now, wait. Is she saying the T in exactly?

Exactly --

Exactly, exactly, no, she doesn’t. Like  I said, that’s really uncommon. I only  

know one person our of everybody  I know who says that T. Exactly.

Exactly --

What she’s going through.

Exactly what she’s going through? Exactly.  

Stress on the middle syllable there. How do  you know exactly what she’s going through?

How do you know exactly what she’s going through?

Exactly what she’s going through. So, what  she’s again unstressed said quickly stop T,  

what she’s, what she’s, what  she’s, what she’s going through.

exactly what she’s going through?

Now, Monica does not make this goin’,  

she makes it going with an ng consonant.  So, when we have an ng consonant, ih as  

in sit ng. This NG sound actually changes the  vowel sound. So, it actually sounds more like  

e, going, going, rather than e, e.  So if we change the NG to an N,  

then the vowel stays ih as in sit, it doesn’t  change goin. But if we don’t, then the vowel  

does change even though the dictionary won’t say  this. The American habit is to make ih as in sit  

vowel NG actually becomes E vowel NG going  going, going, going through, going through.

Going through --

Again, through, tricky word, unvoiced  th, bring the tongue tip lightly through,  

r consonant, ooh vowel, going through.

Going through --

She told us.

Okay, his response, three words, one  of them is stressed, which is it?

She told us.

She told us. Pretty clear there, dadada.  It’s like what you want to make a gesture  

on. Dadada. She told us. She told us. Higher  pitch, change in pitch a little longer. She  

told us. Now this word does start with a true  T. The rule is a t is a true T if it starts a  

stressed syllable. So here it does. Told us. Let’s  look at the word told in IPA. We have T consonant,  

O diphthong L-D. Now, this is a dark L because  it comes after a dipthong And this L does change  

the diphthong, it’s to, told but it’s told. It’s  almost like one sound. You can maybe think of it  

as an awe as in law, that’s just a little bit  darker so the tongue shifts back a little bit,  

it lifts a little bit, lips round a  little bit, uhl, uhl, uhl, told. She  

told us.And the D links into the u as in  butter vowel, told us [flap], told us.

Told us.

Told us, told us. And a little bit a stronger  T and a stronger D because he’s stressing this  

word. She told us. So, usually when we say I  know exactly what she’s going through. That's  

because we have also gone through that. We  have experienced that or experienced something  

similar. So, gone through means to experience  something. And Joey has not experienced what Phoebe  

is experiencing. In this Episode, Phoebe is maybe  going to meet her father for the first time. This  

has not happened to Joey. So, when Joey says I  know exactly what she’s going through, it makes it  

sound like the same thing happened to him. Monica  calls him out on that. Of course, he doesn’t know  

that but then he says, well I know that because  she told us that. It’s not how we would normally  

use exactly what she’s going through.which  is why it’s a joke and everyone laughs.

She told us.

So what have you got there, Monica?

Okay, Chandler comes in, he’s  speaking fast, it’s a little unclear.  

So what have you got there. So  we have some stress on what.  

In a question, the question word is usually going  to be stressed just like here with how. So what do  

you got there, Monica? So, Monica tagged on at  the end, it is stressed but because he’s making  

his intonation go up, the stress goes down  up instead of up down like it normally does.

So what have you got there, Monica?

Okay, this is so unclear. So the word so is  not pronounced so with the O diphthong so  

but it’s su. It's just the S sound, so what,  so what. Maybe you would write that S schwa.  

The w consonant for what but then  really not the rest of that word,  

so-ya, so-whya. Is more like what I’m hearing

So what have you got --

So what have you becomes to my ears  so-wuh and maybe uh? Let’s listen again.

So what have you got --

Yeah, So-ya, so, so-ya-su, so-ya. So I’m going  to write that with the Y consonant and the schwa.  

So-ya, so-ya, so-ya. So what have you got there.  So what have you got there. So what have you  

becomes so-ya, so-ya. The word have dropped  totally and the vowel in all of these three  

words reduced to the schwa, so-ya, so-ya, so what  have you got there, so what have you got there.

So what have you got there --

All leading up to the longer word, the  more clear word, got. But that’s a stop T,  

it’s not fully pronounced. Got there, got  there. That stop of air. That is the T there.  

The letter O, ah as in father,  got, got, got there, got there.

So what have you got there --

So what have you got there, Monica?

So what have you got there, Monica? There begins  with a voiced th, it’s not stressed. You can get  

by with not bringing your tongue tip through. You  can just touch the backs of the teeth [flap] with  

your tongue rather than taking the time to  bring that through. [flap] there, there,  

there, there. You’ll see it in IPA. Unvoiced  th, eh as in bed schwa R but the schwa R  

does affect this vowel just like the dark L  affects to oh diphthong, the R or the schwa  

R affects to eh vowel, not as much jaw drop  not the but the eh, there, eh, eh, eh, there.

So what have you got there, Monica?

This is one where you’ll really  have to ignore what you see,  

what the black and white text is and just  go with what you hear and just try to  

imitate that and have to simplify your mouth  movements so much to match his reductions,  

to get through this sentence with the  same pacing, the same rhythm as Chandler

So what have you got there, Monica?

Just some stuff for the party.

Just some stuff for the party. Just some.  Stress on our first word. Just some stuff  

for the party. She’s making her stress  go up, we have three stressed syllables.  

Now, even though the word just is  stressed, the T is dropped. That’s  

really common between two consonants even  in the stressed word like, exactly where  

we drop that T because it comes between two  consonants. Just some, just some, just some.

Just some

Just some stuff for the party.

Also notice, it’s not some, it’s not stressed.  Some but it’s some, some, I would write that  

with a schwa, I’m going to say that quickly, also  by the way, there’s not two S sounds here. Just  

think of one S sound to link, just some, just  some, just some. Just some becomes just some.

Just some --

Just some stuff for the party.

Just some stuff for the. Now here again,  just like just some, when we drop the T,  

we had two S’s. We have stuff for, two F’s,  we’re going to link that with a single F.  

Stuff for, stuff for, stuff for. So we have the  uh as in butter in stuff and in the word for,  

that reduces to schwa R so it’s not for but it’s  for, for. For the. These two words become for the,  

for the, for the. And remember, this is a voiced  th so you don’t need to bring your tongue tip  

through because it’s unstressed. For the, for  the, for the. Stuff for the, stuff for the.

Stuff for the --

Stuff for the party.

Party, party. Do you hear a true  T in that word? Party. I don’t.  

That’s because the T after an R before a vowel  or diphthong is a flap T and that sounds like  

the American D between two vowels in English.  Party [flap], flap of the tongue. Party. Party.

Party.

So, everything links together really smoothly,  we have some reductions, we have a flap T.

Just some stuff for the party.

Hey, what are you guys doing here?

Hey, what are you guys doing here? Two stress  words are question words. What and do. The  

other word said really, really quickly.  Instead of hey, it’s more like hey, hey.

Hey, what do you guys --

You almost don’t even hear it. Hey, hey,  hey. I do hear it. I wrote it when I was  

sriting out the transcript but it’s so subtle,  so fast. Hey, hey, hey, hey. What are you guys

Hey, what are you guys --

Hey, what are you guys. So we have the  word R, this is going to reduce to schwa r  

and the T comes between two vowels so that  becomes a flap T. What are, what are. The  

word you said really quickly attached to the word  are, attached to the word guys. What are you guys.

What are you guys --

What are you guys. what are you guys,  what are you guys. Can you do that that  

quickly? It’s like you throw your arm  up and on what and then you just let  

the rest of the words fly out quickly.  What are you guys, what are you guys.

What are you guys --

None of those are stressed. We do not want  to say what are you guys, uh, uh. We don’t  

want that up down shape of the voice, we don’t  want to length. It’s fast. What are you guys.

What are you guys --

Doing here?

Doing here. Doing here. Now again, we an ING  ending he does not change it. So think of it  

as ending in eng, doing, doing, doing here.  Doing here. Alright this is interesting. Now  

we have the word here also with the ih  as in sit this time followed by schwa R  

so this was ih as in sit followed by ng changes  to the E. That happens in this combination too.  

Ih as in sit followed by schwa R becomes  more like an e vowel. Doing here, doing here.

Doing here?

Aren’t you supposed to be Christmas shopping?

Aren’t you supposed to be Christmas shopping?  So, the word aren’t, I basically don’t hear that,  

it’s so mumbled. You can just think that tiny  little throat sound. Aren’t you supposed to be.

Aren’t you supposed to be --

Supposed to be. So we have the word supposed  feels like two syllables with second  

syllable stress. Supposed. But actually, we  drop the first vowel so it becomes just one  

syllable beginning with an SP cluster. Spo,  spo and it is stressed. Now, supposed to.  

There is a shortcut we do with this, let’s write  out what the all the sounds would be. Supposed to.  

Because the word to is pretty much always going to  reduce. Supposed to. But that’s not what he says.

You supposed to --

Supposed to. He says supposed to  not spouzd to. So, what happens?  

Basically, supposed to, we drop  the ZD, we make it instead an S.  

Supposed to, supposed to. And that’s how we  pronounce supposed to, supposed to, supposed to

You supposed to --

Er,er ,er. Are you, are you spo. Are  you supposed to, are you supposed to.  

Aren’t you supposed to be. So we have  two really quick unstressed syllables  

then one stressed syllable, supposed  then two more unstressed. To be, to be.  

Aren’t you supposed to be. Aren’t you  supposed to be. Aren’t you supposed to be.

Aren’t you supposed to be.

Christmas shopping?

It’s a yes no question so he’s making his  intonation go up so now it’s changing so  

that our stressed syllables are going  down and up. Christmas shopping?  

And those are our stressed syllables. Christmas,  Christ-mas. Do you notice we dropped that T?  

That’s because it comes between  two consonants. Christmas shopping?

Christmas shopping?

So, we’re linking an S to an SH. I think  you could get away with dropping this  

but I think he does do it very lightly  and very quickly. Christmas shopping?

Christmas shopping?

Shopping? Shopping? I’m hearing  in instead of ing. That means  

he dropped the NG sound and turned it  into an n sound. Shoppin, shoppin’?

Shopping?

You guys haven’t gotten your presents yet?

You guys haven’t gotten your presents yet? I  can’t hardly make my voice that high right now?  

A higher pitch shows more energy,  

a little bit of tension, she cannot believe  that they haven’t done Christmas shopping yet.

You guys haven’t gotten your presents yet?

So again, this is a yes no question and  her intonation is going up at the end.  

You guys, you guys haven’t gotten, a little  bit on gotten, your presents yet and then  

it’s going up so most of our stress is  on the word presents. Pre, presents yet?

You guys haven’t gotten your presents yet?

And she does do a really light release of that t.

Your presents yet?

So we have a s, ending s followed by y just like  in the word this, I’m sorry, in the phrase this  

year which was in the scene we studied two weeks  ago here. This year, linked with sort of an sh  

sound this year. I’m hearing presents yet linking  with a little bit of an sh or maybe even a CH  

sound which is written with the T and then the sh  sound which makes sense because we got a t here.  

So, a little bit of a sound  change happening on that link

Your presents yet?

You guys haven’t gotten. Okay, so  we have a couple stops here, haven’t  

gotten, got’n. So when we have t schwa  n like we do at the end of this word.  

Even though the sound before is a vowel and  a t between two vowels is usually a flap T,  

there is an exception. When we have T schwa  N, that T is a stop T. So, it’s not gotten,  

it’s not gotten but it’s gotten, gotten, gotten.  That’s going to be the most common pronunciation.  

Haven’t gotten, haven’t gotten.

Haven’t gotten --

Your presents yet?

Haven’t gotten your, haven’t gotten your, your,  your, your. The word your becomes your reduces  

said quickly, you don’t need to try to make a  vowel there at all, just Y sound R sound, your .

Haven’t gotten your --

presents yet?

Also notice in the word presents, this  letter s makes a z sound. Pres, pres,  

presents. And it might help you to think of  this as being an I, I’m not sure, it’s a schwa.  

So, don’t do ents but ents,  ents, presents. Presents yet?

Presents yet?

Tomorrow is Christmas Eve.

Tomorrow is Christmas Eve. Three stressed  syllables there. Tomorrow is Christmas  

Eve. All with that up down shape of stress,  more length. Notice this word is not tomorrow  

but it’s to. Always make that a schwa. To, to,  tomorrow. Tomorrow is Christmas. Dropped T,  

Christmas Eve, Christmas Eve.  Everything linked together.

Tomorrow is Christmas Eve.

What are you going to do?

What are you going to do? Okay, so  again like I said, the question word  

is stressed. What are you going to do? And  then our verb is stressed. The other words  

said quickly, it is not what are  you going to do. Oh my goodness,  

no, that is all syllables, all words  stressed but it’s what are you gonna.

What are you going to --

What are you going to. These  words are all lower in pitch,  

they’re just coming down from  the what, leading up to the do,  

the word are reduces, what are, what are, what  are. And that’s a flap T linking. Water, water

What are you going to --

What are you going to. So the word you said  really quickly, she doesn’t reduce the vowel,  

it could be ya. What are ya but she says what are  you, what are you, what are you. Going to, gonna.  

What are you gonna. What are you gonna do?

What are you going to do?

Don’t you have to be Claymation  to say stuff like that?

So, her pitch is high, she’s panicked about  Christmas Eve. Chandler makes a joke about  

Claymation. What is Claymation? It’s this way  of making video that uses stop motion. You have  

a figurine, you move it slightly, you take  a picture of it, you move it slightly again,  

you take another picture of it. And we have some  very famous popular Christmas specials, you’re  

probably seen some of them that use Claymation  and in the Christmas special, there’s always  

something intense happening, we have to save the  day and so that’s why he is making fun of her,  

don’t you have to be Claymation to say stuff  llike that, her panic about Christmas Eve.

Don’t you have to be Claymation  to say stuff like that?

Don’t you have to be. Don’t you have  to be. So we have stress on don’t  

and no more stress until Claymation. So you have  to be. We don’t really have longer syllables,  

we don’t really have it up down or  down up but all feeling unstressed

Don’t you have to be --

Don’t you. It’s pretty common for an ending T  to mix with a beginning Y to make a CH sound  

and that’s what’s happening here.  Don’t you, don’t you, don’t you.

Don’t you have to be --

Except he’s not saying you, is he?  He’s saying yu. He does reduce the  

vowel to the schwa. Don’t  you, don’t you, don’t you.

Don’t you have to be --

Don’t you have. Don’t you have. We’re dropping  the H. Don’t you have to be, don’t you have to.  

Pretty confusing but we go right from  the schwa into the ah smooth transition  

and then we have the V consonant.  Don’t you have. Don’t you have to.

Don’t you --

Then the word to reduces. It’s T schwa, Don’t  you have to be. Now, V followed by T have to,  

often becomes haf-to. So you can make that an  f. Don’t you have to be. Don’t you have to be.

Don’t you have to be --

Claymation.

Claymation. Clay. Up down, clay-mation. So he  

sort of stressing clay. Clay. Even  though the most stressed syllable is  

may, mation. Claymation. And he’s making  this one go up because it’s a rhetorical  

yes no question. He doesn’t actually expect  her to answer it but it is a yes no question.

Claymation --

to say stuff like that.

Claymation, claymation to say  stuff like that. Say. Again,  

stress but it’s more of a down up  because of it being a yes no question

Claymation to say stuff like that.

Claymation to say, claymation to say.  

To, hmm, no it’s not to. It’s more of a d schwa  claymation to, mation to, claymation to say.

Claymation to say --

The t-I-o-n ending here ma-tion  is sh schwa n. Claymation.

Claymation --

Claymation to say stuff like that.

To say stuff like that. To say  stuff like that. And again,  

a little bit of stress on that  but it’s more of a down up.

to say stuff like that.

And maybe a super light release  of a true T there. That, that.

That --

Let’s listen to the whole  conversation one more time

Hi.

Hey, anyone hear from Phoebe yet?

No, nothing.

I hope she’s okay.

Yeah. I know exactly what she’s going through.

How do you know exactly what she’s going through?

She told us.

So what you got there Monica?

Just some stuff for the party.

Hey, what are you guys doing here? Aren’t  you supposed to be Christmas shopping?

You guys haven’t gotten your presents  yet? Tomorrow is Christmas Eve,  

what are you going to do?

Don’t you have to be Claymation  to say stuff like that?

Thank you so much for studying with me. Be  sure to subscribe with notifications on so  

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being your English teacher, that’s it and  thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.