Present Perfect Verb Tense - English Grammar Lesson

英语语法 - 现在完成式

Hi, I’m Maria.

嗨，我是Maria。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about the present perfect verb tense in English.

在本节课里，您可以学到英语动词的 现在完成时态。

Hey Daniel, how long have you been a teacher?

嗨，Daniel，您当老师多久了？

I’ve been a teacher for four years now.

到现在为止，我当老师四年了。

Have you taught many lessons on the present perfect?

您有教很多现在完成时的课程吗？

Of course!

当然！

I’ve taught hundreds!

我教了数百堂课。

How many have you taught this week?

本周您教了多少堂科？

I haven’t taught any this week yet.

本周我还没有教。

This is the first one!

这是首堂课。

Does your language have anything like the present perfect?

您的母语里有任何像是 现在完成时的吗？

Many languages don’t have a similar verb form.

很多语言没有类似 的动词形式。

This can make it more difficult to use the present perfect correctly in English.

这会让正确使用英语 现在完成时态更难。

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the present perfect verb form in different

在本节课中，您会学怎样用 不同方式来使用动词

ways.

现在完成式。

Let’s start with two basic but important points.

让我们从两个基本但重要的 问题开始。

Try to keep these in mind as you watch!

当您看时要考虑这些！

First, the present perfect connects the past and the present.

首先，现在完成时连接 过去和现在。

Secondly, think about the name, ‘present perfect’.

其次，考虑名称“present perfect”。

It’s a present verb form.

那是一个动词现在式形式。

It tells you something about now.

那告诉您某些现在的事。

Even though you often use the present perfect to talk about things in the past, it’s still

甚至您即使常用现在完成时来谈论 过去的事情，那仍然是一个

a present form; it gives you some information about the present.

现在形式；那给您一些 有关现在的信息。

Let’s start by looking at how to form the present perfect tense.

让我们从看看怎样构成现在 完成时态开始。

The present perfect is formed with have or has plus a past participle.

现在完成时由have或has加 一个过去分词构成。

Have and has are often contracted.

Have和has是固定的。

For example:

例如：

I’ve finished everything.

我完成每一件事了。

She’s just left.

她刚离开。

We’ve been here for hours.

我们在这几个小时了。

Past participles usually look the same as the past tense.

过去分词通常看上去 像是过去时态。

For example:

例如：

finish – finished – finished leave – left – left

finish – finished – finished leave – left – left

However, many common verbs are irregular.

然而，很多常见的动词是不规则的。

That means you need to know irregular verbs to use the present perfect.

那就是说您需要了解不规则 动词，以便使用现在完成时。

There’s also a continuous form of the present perfect, with been plus a verb with -ing.

也有一个been 加ing动词的 现在完成进行时形式。

For example:

例如：

I’ve been cleaning the house all morning.

我整个早晨都在打扫房子。

He’s been acting very strangely lately.

他最近表现得十分奇怪。

However, in this lesson, we’re going to focus on the simple verb form.

然而，在本节课中，我们要聚焦 在简单动词形式。

Make negatives by adding not after have or has.

在have 或has之后 增加not来造反义句。

Again, this form is often contracted.

重复一遍，这个形式通常是固定的。

For example:

例如：

I haven’t seen anything like that before.

我之前从未见过像那样的任何事。

He hasn’t helped at all.

他一点都没帮忙。

They haven’t given me much information.

他们没有给我太多的信息。

Make questions by moving have or has before the subject:

通过移动have或has到主语 前面来造疑问句：

Have you booked the tickets yet?

您已经订好票了吗？

How long has your sister been a vet?

您的姐姐当兽医有多久了？

How many people have you told about this?

您和多少人谈论了这个？

Next, let’s look at how to actually use the present perfect, and what it means.

接下来，让我们看看怎样实际使用现在 完成时，以及那意味着什么。

Have you ever been to Argentina?

您曾经去过阿根廷吗？

No, I’ve never even been to South America, but I’d love to go!

没有。我从没去过南美， 但是我想去那！

Have you ever been skydiving?

您有跳伞过吗？

Yeah, actually.

说实在的，有过。

It was amazing!

那是不可思议！

Have you tried kangaroo before?

您之前有尝过袋鼠吗？

No, never.

从来没有。

What’s it like?

那像什么？

How many times have you seen this film?

您看了这部电影多少次？

More than once.

不止一次。

So, twice?

那么，两次？

Three times?

三次？

Ok, ok, I’ve seen it eight times.

好吧，好，我看过它八次。

Eight?

八次？

You can use the present perfect to talk about life experiences.

您能用现在完成式来 谈论生活经验。

You just heard different examples of this.

您刚刚听到了这方面的不同例子。

Do you remember the questions we asked?

您记得我们问的问题吗？

This is common with questions like:

这是常见的问题，像是：

Have you ever…?

Have you ever…?

Have you … before?

Have you … before?

How many times have you…?

How many times have you…?

For example:

例如：

Have you ever seen a ghost?

您曾经看过幽灵吗？

Have you met Amit before?

您之前见过Amit吗？

How many times have you bought something and never worn it?

您有买了某些东西多少次 并从未穿过吗？

In all these questions, you don’t say when.

在所有这些问题里， 您没说什么时候。

You don’t use a time reference like ‘this year’ or ‘recently’.

您没有使用像是“this year”或 “recently”的时间参照。

That’s because all these questions are asking about your whole life.

那是因为所有这些问题是在 问有关您的一生中的事。

You don’t say it, but the meaning is there.

您没有说那个， 但是意思是在那。

Try something now: pause the video and write down three questions.

立即尝试一下：暂停视频 并写下三个问题。

Use your own ideas.

用您自己的想法。

Then, write your own answers!

然后，写您自己的回答！

Pause the video and do it now.

暂停视屏并现在做。

Now, let’s look at another way to use the present perfect.

现在，让我们看使用现在 完成式的另一种方法。

Have you called about the Internet yet?

关于网路的事，您已经打 电话了吗？

I haven’t, I’m sorry.

我没有，抱歉！

I’ve been so busy all day.

我整天都很忙。

You said you’d do it today!

您说您今天肯定做的！

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

从周一以来，我不能 做任何工作！

I’ve tried to call several times this week, but they always say that they can only talk

这周，我有试着打了几次电话， 但是他们总是说他们只能

to the account holder.

和帐户持有人谈。

That’s you!

那是您。

I know, I’m sorry.

我知道，抱歉。

I just haven’t had time all week.

我只是一整周都没有时间。

So, what can I help you with?

所以，我能帮到您什么？

Well, I haven’t been feeling well recently.

好吧，最近我感觉不是很好。

What are your symptoms?

您有什么症状？

I’ve had a really bad cough for a couple of weeks now.

到现在，我咳得很厉害 有好几周了。

This week, I’ve started to feel really slow and tired, and I haven’t had much appetite.

这一周，我开始感觉疲倦和 行动缓慢，我胃口不是很好。

Have you had any nausea?

您有任何反胃吗？

Headaches?

头痛？

No, not really.

没有，真不是那样的。

We’ll do some tests and see what we can do.

我们要做一些检验， 并看下我们能做什么。

You can use the present perfect to talk about a time period which is unfinished.

您能用现在完成式来谈论一个 没有结束的时间期间。

Remember that the present perfect connects the present and the past.

记住现在完成式连接现在和过去。

For example, take today.

例如，拿今天来说。

Today is an unfinished time period.

今天是一个未结束的时间期间。

It’s started, but it hasn’t finished yet.

它开始了，但是仍然没结束。

You heard several other unfinished time periods in the dialogues.

您在对话里听到几个其他的 未结束的时间期间。

Can you remember any?

您能记得任何一个吗？

Here are some examples: I’ve been so busy all day.

这有一些例子： 我整天都很忙。

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

从周一以来，我不能 做任何工作！

I haven’t been feeling well recently.

最近我感觉不是很好。

This week, I’ve started to feel really slow and tired.

这一周，我开始感觉疲倦 和行动缓慢，

Other unfinished time periods include things like this week, this month, this year, and

其他未结束的时间期间包括像是 这一周、这个月、今年，以及

so on.

类似的。

So, if you’re talking about an unfinished time period, you can use the present perfect.

所以，如果您在谈论一个未结束的时间 期间，您能用现在完成式。

To make this clearer, compare unfinished time with finished time:

为了让这个更清楚，比较未结束 的时间和结束的时间：

I’ve been so busy all day.

我一整天都很忙。

I was so busy yesterday.

我昨天太忙了。

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

从周一以来，我不能 做任何工作！

I wasn’t able to do any work last week.

上周，我不能 做任何工作！

I haven’t felt well recently.

最近我感觉不是很好。

I didn’t feel well last weekend.

上个周末，我感觉不是很好。

I’ve had a really bad cough for a couple of weeks now.

到现在，我咳得很厉害 有好几周了。

I had a really bad cough last year.

去年，我有咳得很厉害。

When you talk about a finished time period, like last year or yesterday, you need to use

当我们谈论一个结束的时间期间， 像是去年或昨天，您需要用

the past simple.

过去简单式。

You can’t use the present perfect to talk about finished time periods.

您不能用现在完成式来 谈论结束的时间期间。

Sometimes, you can choose to use the present perfect or the past simple with an unfinished

有时，您能选择搭配一个未结束的 时间期间来用现在完成式

time period.

或过去简单式。

For example:

例如：

I’ve worked hard today.

今天我工作很努力。

I worked hard today.

我今天工作努力。

These are both possible, but there’s a small difference in meaning.

有两种可能，但是在意思上 有一个小区别。

Do you know what?

您知道是什么吗？

The first sentence, with the present perfect, suggests that today is not finished yet.

第一个句子，用现在完成式， 意思是今天还没完成。

Maybe you have more work to do!

也许您还有更多的工作要做。

The second sentence, with the past simple, suggests that today is finished.

第二句，用过去简单式， 意思是今天结束了。

It’s the evening and you’re relaxing after a long day!

那是晚上，在漫长的 一天之后，您在放松。

Let’s practice.

让我们练习。

Look at three incomplete sentences:

看三个没有完成的句子：

I haven’t … today.

I haven’t … today.

I’ve … a lot this week.

I’ve … a lot this week.

I haven’t … enough recently.

I haven’t … enough recently.

Can you complete the sentences to make them true about you?

您能完成句子来让他们反映 您的真实情况吗？

For example, you could say something like:

例如，您能说某些像是：

I haven’t eaten any fruit today.

我今天还没有吃任何水果。

I haven’t watched TV today.

我今天还没有看电视。

I haven’t had a shower today.

我今天还没有冲澡。

Pause the video and write down three sentences.

暂停视屏并写下三个句子。

Ok?

好了吗？

How was that?

那是怎样？

Let’s look at one more way to use the present perfect tense.

让我们再多看一个使用 现在完成时态的方法

How long have you lived here?

您住在这多久了？

For about a year.

大约一年了。

Have you two known each other long?

你们两个互相认识很久了吗？

Yeah, since we were at primary school!

是的，我们在小学就认识了！

How long have they been married?

他们结婚有多久了？

I’m not sure.

我不确定。

I think for a couple of years?

我想有几年了吧？

Maybe not even that long.

也许没那么久。

Nice jacket!

漂亮的夹克。

Is it new?

那是新的吗？

This? No, I’ve had it for years!

这个？不是，我有它几年了。

You can use the present perfect to talk about something which started in the past and is

您能用现在完成时来谈论某些 在过去开始，现在

still true now.

仍然在发生的事情。

For example:

例如：

How long have you lived here?

您住在这多久了？

This means that you still live here now.

这意味着您现在仍然住在这里。

Have you two known each other long?

你们两个互相认识很久了吗？

You still know each other now.

你们现在仍然互相认识。

How long have they been married?

他们结婚有多久了？

They’re still married now.

他们现在仍然是结婚的。

I’ve had this jacket for years.

我有这个夹克几年了。

I still have it now.

我现在仍然有它。

Be careful: there’s a common mistake which English learners make here.

小心：这有一个英语学习者 犯的常见错误。

It looks like this:

看起来像是这个：

I’ve bought this jacket for three years.

我买这件夹克三年了。

Can you explain why this is wrong?

您能解释为什么这是错的吗？

It’s wrong because the action of buying the jacket is finished, and in the past.

那是错的，因为买夹克的行为 结束了，是在过去。

You could say:

您可以说：

I bought this jacket three years ago.

我三年前买这件夹克。

The action of having the jacket is not finished.

拥有这件夹克的行为没有结束。

It started in the past, when you bought it, and it’s still true now, because you still

当您买它时，那开始在过去，那到 现在仍然在发生，因为您

have the jacket now.

现在仍然拥有这件夹克。

Again, it’s useful to compare the present perfect and the past simple:

再次，比较现在完成式和 过去简单式是有用的：

I’ve lived here for about a year.

我住在这约一年了。

I still live here now.

我现在仍然住在这。

I lived there for about a year.

我在那住了有约一年。

I don’t live there now.

我现在没住那了。

How long have they been married?

他们结婚多久了？

They’re still married now.

他们现在仍然是结婚的。

How long were they married?

他们曾结婚多久？

They’re not married now.

他们现在没有结婚了。

Okay, your turn to practice!

好了，您要练习。

Look at three incomplete sentences:

看三个未完成的句子：

I’ve had … for … I’ve lived in … since …

I’ve had … for … I’ve lived in … since …

I’ve been …

I’ve been …

Your job is to complete these sentences so that they’re true for you.

您的作业是要完成这些句子，这样 他们是仍然在您这发生的。

Pause the video, think about what you could say, and write down three sentences.

暂停视屏，考虑您能说什么， 写下这些句子。

If you aren’t sure, review this section and use the examples you’ve seen to help

如果您不确定，复习本单元并 使用您看到过的例子

you.

来帮您。

How was that?

怎么样？

Hopefully easy!

希望很简单！

Let’s look at one more way you can use the present perfect tense.

让我们再多看一种您能使用 现在完成时态的方法。

What’s wrong with you?

您有问题吗？

Eurrgh.

呃...

I’ve eaten too many cakes and now I feel terrible.

我吃太多蛋糕了， 现在感觉恐怖。

How many did you have?

您吃了多少？

I had six or seven.

我吃了六或七份。

That was smart.

那很厉害。

But they were so tasty…

但是他们太美味了...

Have you lost something?

您有丢东西吗？

Yeah, I’ve lost my phone.

是的，我遗失了我的电话。

I put it down somewhere and now I can’t find it.

我把它放在某个地方， 现在我找不到它了。

When did you last use it?

您最后一次用它是什么时候？

I don’t know.

我不知道。

I had it last night, for sure.

我确定昨晚还在。

Can you call me?

您能打电话给我吗？

Oh no!

噢，不要！

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

猫在沙发上呕吐了。

Again?

又来了？

That’s the third time this week.

这周第三次了。

Can you clean it up?

您能把它清洁干净吗？

I cleaned it last time!

上次我清洁的！

You can use the present perfect to talk about things in the past if there’s still a result

您能使用现在完成式来谈论 过去的事情，如果现在

in the present.

仍然有一个结果。

For example:

例如：

I’ve eaten too many cakes and now I feel terrible.

我吃太多蛋糕了， 现在感觉恐怖。

I ate the cakes in the past, but the result—feeling terrible—is still true now.

我在过去吃蛋糕，但是结果—感觉 恐怖—现在仍然在发生。

I’ve lost my phone.

我遗失了我的电话。

I lost my phone sometime in the past, but the result—I can’t find my phone—is

在过去的某个时候我遗失了我的电话， 但是结果—我找不到我的

still true now.

电话—现在仍然在发生。

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

猫在沙发上呕吐了！

The cat was sick on the couch in the past, but the result—the sofa needs cleaning—is

猫过去在沙发上呕吐了，但是 结果—沙发需要清洁—

still true now.

现在仍然在发生。

You can also see something useful in these dialogues: often, you start a conversation

您也能在这些对话里看到某些 有用的：通常，您用现在完成式

using the present perfect, and then switch to the past simple.

开启一个对话，然后 转换到过去简单式。

For example: I’ve eaten too many cakes.

例如： 我吃太多蛋糕了。

How many did you have?

您吃了多少？

I’ve lost my phone.

我遗失了我的电话。

When did you last use it?

什么时候您最后使用它？

This is a very common pattern in English conversations.

这是一个在英语对话里非常 常见的结构。

Again, let’s compare the present perfect to the past simple:

再次，让我们比较一下现在 完成式和过去简单式：

I’ve lost my phone.

我遗失了我的电话。

I can’t find it now.

我现在找不到它。

I lost my phone.

我遗失了我的电话。

Maybe I found it again, or maybe I gave up and had to get a new phone.

也许我会再找到它，或也许放弃了 并不得不买一个新电话。

This sentence only tells you about the past, so you can’t be sure what happened.

这个句子仅告诉您有关过去，所以 您不能确定发生了什么事。

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

猫在沙发上呕吐了！

The couch needs cleaning, and maybe the cat needs to go to the vet.

沙发需要清洁，也许 猫要去看兽医。

The cat was sick on the couch.

猫在沙发上呕吐了。

It’s safe to sit on the couch again.

再在沙发上坐是安全的。

Now, you know the most common ways to use the present perfect tense in English.

现在，您知道使用英语现在完成 时态的最常见的方法。

We have a question for you: can you name all the other verb tenses in English?

我们为您准备了一个问题：您能命名 英语里的所有其他动词时态吗？

Which one do you find the most difficult to understand?

您觉得哪一个是 最难理解的？

Let us know in the comments.

让我们在评论里了解。

Want more practice with this topic?

在这个主题上您 想要更多练习吗？

Check out the quiz on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

在我们的网站上看一看测验： Oxford Online English dot com.

There’s a link below the video if you’re watching on YouTube.

如果您在YouTube上看， 在视频下面有一个链接。

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！

See you next time!

下次见！