Present Perfect Verb Tense - English Grammar Lesson

英文語法 — 現在完成時態

Hi, I’m Maria.

嗨，我是Maria。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn about the present perfect verb tense in English.

在本節課裡，您能學英文動詞的 現在完成時態。

Hey Daniel, how long have you been a teacher?

嗨，Daniel，您當老師多長時間了？

I’ve been a teacher for four years now.

到現在為止，我當老師四年了。

Have you taught many lessons on the present perfect?

您有教過很多現在完成時態的課程嗎？

Of course!

當然！

I’ve taught hundreds!

我教過數百堂課。

How many have you taught this week?

本週您教了幾堂課了？

I haven’t taught any this week yet.

本週我還沒有教。

This is the first one!

這是首堂課。

Does your language have anything like the present perfect?

您的母語裡面有任何像是 現在完成時態的嗎？

Many languages don’t have a similar verb form.

很多語言沒有類似的 動詞形式。

This can make it more difficult to use the present perfect correctly in English.

這樣的話，正確用英文的現在完成 時態會更難。

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the present perfect verb form in different

在本節課裡，您會學怎樣用 不同方式來運用動詞

ways.

現在完成時態。

Let’s start with two basic but important points.

我們從兩個基本但最重要的 問題開始。

Try to keep these in mind as you watch!

當您看時要考慮這些！

First, the present perfect connects the past and the present.

首先，現在完成時態連接 過去和現在。

Secondly, think about the name, ‘present perfect’.

其次，考慮名稱“present perfect”。

It’s a present verb form.

那是一個動詞現在式形式。

It tells you something about now.

那告訴您某些現在的事。

Even though you often use the present perfect to talk about things in the past, it’s still

甚至您即使常用現在完成時態來談論 過去的事情，那仍然是一個

a present form; it gives you some information about the present.

現在形式；那給您一些 有關現在的資訊。

Let’s start by looking at how to form the present perfect tense.

我們從看看怎樣構建現在 完成時態開始。

The present perfect is formed with have or has plus a past participle.

現在完成時態由have或has加 一個過去分詞構建而成。

Have and has are often contracted.

Have和has是固定的。

For example:

例如：

I’ve finished everything.

每件事我都完成了。

She’s just left.

她剛離開。

We’ve been here for hours.

我們在這裡幾個小時了。

Past participles usually look the same as the past tense.

過去分詞通常看上去 像是過去時態。

For example:

例如：

finish – finished – finished leave – left – left

finish – finished – finished leave – left – left

However, many common verbs are irregular.

然而，很多常見的動詞是不規則的。

That means you need to know irregular verbs to use the present perfect.

那就是說您需要了解不規則 動詞，以便運用現在完成時態。

There’s also a continuous form of the present perfect, with been plus a verb with -ing.

也有一個been 加ing動詞的 現在完成進行式形式。

For example:

例如：

I’ve been cleaning the house all morning.

我整個早晨都在清潔房子。

He’s been acting very strangely lately.

他最近表現得十分奇怪。

However, in this lesson, we’re going to focus on the simple verb form.

然而，在本節課裡，我們要著重 於簡單的動詞形式。

Make negatives by adding not after have or has.

在have或has之後 增加not來構建否定句。

Again, this form is often contracted.

重複一遍，這個形式通常是固定的。

For example:

例如：

I haven’t seen anything like that before.

我之前從未見過任何像那樣的事情。

He hasn’t helped at all.

他一點都沒幫忙。

They haven’t given me much information.

他們沒有給我太多的資訊。

Make questions by moving have or has before the subject:

通過移動have或has到主語 前面來構建疑問句：

Have you booked the tickets yet?

您已經訂好票了嗎？

How long has your sister been a vet?

您的姐姐當獸醫多長時間了？

How many people have you told about this?

您和多少人談論了這個？

Next, let’s look at how to actually use the present perfect, and what it means.

接下來，我們看看實際上怎樣來運用 現在完成時態，以及那意味著什麼。

Have you ever been to Argentina?

您曾經去過阿根廷嗎？

No, I’ve never even been to South America, but I’d love to go!

沒有。我從沒去過南美洲， 但是我想去那！

Have you ever been skydiving?

您有跳過傘嗎？

Yeah, actually.

說實在的，有過。

It was amazing!

那不可思議！

Have you tried kangaroo before?

您之前有品嚐過袋鼠嗎？

No, never.

從來沒有。

What’s it like?

那像是什麼？

How many times have you seen this film?

您看了這部電影多少次？

More than once.

不止一次。

So, twice?

那麼，兩次？

Three times?

三次？

Ok, ok, I’ve seen it eight times.

好吧，好，我看過它八次。

Eight?

八次？

You can use the present perfect to talk about life experiences.

您能運用現在完成式來 談論生活經驗。

You just heard different examples of this.

您剛剛聽到了這方面的不同例句。

Do you remember the questions we asked?

您記得我們問的問題嗎？

This is common with questions like:

這是常見的問題，像是：

Have you ever…?

Have you ever…?

Have you … before?

Have you … before?

How many times have you…?

How many times have you…?

For example:

例如：

Have you ever seen a ghost?

您曾經看過阿飄嗎？

Have you met Amit before?

您之前見過Amit嗎？

How many times have you bought something and never worn it?

您有買了多少次東西 卻從未穿過嗎？

In all these questions, you don’t say when.

在所有的這些問題裡， 您沒說什麼時候。

You don’t use a time reference like ‘this year’ or ‘recently’.

您沒有使用像是“this year”或 “recently”的時間參照。

That’s because all these questions are asking about your whole life.

那是因為所有這些問題是在問 有關您一生之中發生過的事。

You don’t say it, but the meaning is there.

您沒有說那個， 但是意思是在那。

Try something now: pause the video and write down three questions.

立即試一下：暫停影片 並寫下三個問題。

Use your own ideas.

用您自己的想法。

Then, write your own answers!

之後，寫您自己的回答！

Pause the video and do it now.

暫停影片現在開始做。

Now, let’s look at another way to use the present perfect.

現在，我們看看使用現在 完成時態的另一種方法。

Have you called about the Internet yet?

關於網路的事，您已經打 電話了嗎？

I haven’t, I’m sorry.

我沒有，拍謝！

I’ve been so busy all day.

我整天都很忙。

You said you’d do it today!

您說您今天肯定會做的！

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

自週一以來，什麼工作 我都不能做！

I’ve tried to call several times this week, but they always say that they can only talk

這週，我有試著打了幾次電話， 但是他們總是說他們只能

to the account holder.

和帳戶持有人談。

That’s you!

那是您。

I know, I’m sorry.

我知道，拍謝。

I just haven’t had time all week.

我只是一整週都沒時間。

So, what can I help you with?

那麼，我能幫您什麼？

Well, I haven’t been feeling well recently.

好吧，最近我感覺不是很好。

What are your symptoms?

您有什麼症狀？

I’ve had a really bad cough for a couple of weeks now.

到現在，我咳得很厲害 有好幾周了。

This week, I’ve started to feel really slow and tired, and I haven’t had much appetite.

這一周，我開始感覺疲倦以及 行動遲緩，我胃口不是很好。

Have you had any nausea?

您有反胃嗎？

Headaches?

頭痛？

No, not really.

沒有，真不是那樣的。

We’ll do some tests and see what we can do.

我們要做一些檢驗， 並看下我們能做什麼。

You can use the present perfect to talk about a time period which is unfinished.

您能用現在完成時態來談論一個 沒有結束的時間期間。

Remember that the present perfect connects the present and the past.

記住現在完成時態連接現在式和過去式。

For example, take today.

例如，拿今天來說。

Today is an unfinished time period.

今天是一個未結束的時間期間。

It’s started, but it hasn’t finished yet.

它開始了，但是仍然沒有結束。

You heard several other unfinished time periods in the dialogues.

您在對話裡聽到幾個其他的 未結束的時間期間。

Can you remember any?

您能記得任何一個嗎？

Here are some examples: I’ve been so busy all day.

這有一些例子： 我整天都很忙。

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

從週一以來，什麼工作 我都不能做！

I haven’t been feeling well recently.

最近我感覺不是很好。

This week, I’ve started to feel really slow and tired.

這一周，我開始感覺疲倦 和行動遲緩，

Other unfinished time periods include things like this week, this month, this year, and

其他未結束的時間期間包括像是 這一周、這個月、今年，以及

so on.

類似的。

So, if you’re talking about an unfinished time period, you can use the present perfect.

所以，如果您在談論一個未結束的時間 期間，您能用現在完成時態。

To make this clearer, compare unfinished time with finished time:

為了讓這個更清楚，比較未結束 的時間和結束的時間：

I’ve been so busy all day.

我一整天都很忙。

I was so busy yesterday.

我昨天太忙了。

I haven’t been able to do any work since Monday!

從週一以來，什麼工作 我都不能做！

I wasn’t able to do any work last week.

上週，什麼工作 我都不能做！

I haven’t felt well recently.

最近我感覺不是很好。

I didn’t feel well last weekend.

上個週末，我感覺不是很好。

I’ve had a really bad cough for a couple of weeks now.

到現在為止，我咳得很厲害 有好幾周了。

I had a really bad cough last year.

去年，我有咳得很厲害。

When you talk about a finished time period, like last year or yesterday, you need to use

當我們談論一個結束的時間期間， 像是去年或昨天，您需要用

the past simple.

過去簡單時態。

You can’t use the present perfect to talk about finished time periods.

您不能用現在完成時態來 談論結束的時間期間。

Sometimes, you can choose to use the present perfect or the past simple with an unfinished

有時，您能選擇搭配一個未結束的 時間期間來運用現在完成式

time period.

或過去簡單式。

For example:

例如：

I’ve worked hard today.

今天我工作很努力。

I worked hard today.

我今天努力工作了。

These are both possible, but there’s a small difference in meaning.

有兩種可能，但是在意思上 有一個小區別。

Do you know what?

您知道是什麼嗎？

The first sentence, with the present perfect, suggests that today is not finished yet.

第一個句子，用現在完成時態， 意思是今天還沒完成。

Maybe you have more work to do!

也許您還有更多的工作要做。

The second sentence, with the past simple, suggests that today is finished.

第二句，用過去簡單式， 意思是今天結束了。

It’s the evening and you’re relaxing after a long day!

那是晚上，在漫長的 一天之後，您在放鬆。

Let’s practice.

我們來練習。

Look at three incomplete sentences:

看三個沒有完成的句子：

I haven’t … today.

I haven’t … today.

I’ve … a lot this week.

I’ve … a lot this week.

I haven’t … enough recently.

I haven’t … enough recently.

Can you complete the sentences to make them true about you?

您能造句來反映 您的真實情形嗎？

For example, you could say something like:

例如，您能說某些像是：

I haven’t eaten any fruit today.

我今天還沒有吃任何水果。

I haven’t watched TV today.

我今天還沒有看電視。

I haven’t had a shower today.

我今天還沒洗澡。

Pause the video and write down three sentences.

暫停影片並寫下三個句子。

Ok?

好了嗎？

How was that?

那是怎樣？

Let’s look at one more way to use the present perfect tense.

我們在多看一個運用 現在完成時態的方法。

How long have you lived here?

您住在這有多久了？

For about a year.

大約一年了。

Have you two known each other long?

你們兩位互相認識很久了嗎？

Yeah, since we were at primary school!

是的，我們在國小就認識了！

How long have they been married?

他們結婚多久了？

I’m not sure.

我不確定。

I think for a couple of years?

我想有幾年了吧？

Maybe not even that long.

也許沒那麼久。

Nice jacket!

漂亮的夾克。

Is it new?

那是新的嗎？

This? No, I’ve had it for years!

這個？不是，有好幾年了。

You can use the present perfect to talk about something which started in the past and is

您能用現在完成時態來談論某些 在過去開始，現在

still true now.

仍然持續的事情。

For example:

例如：

How long have you lived here?

您在這住多久了？

This means that you still live here now.

這意思是您現在仍然住在這裡。

Have you two known each other long?

你們兩個互相認識很久了嗎？

You still know each other now.

你們現在仍然互相認識。

How long have they been married?

他們結婚有多久了？

They’re still married now.

他們現在仍然處於結婚狀態。

I’ve had this jacket for years.

我有這個夾克幾年了。

I still have it now.

它現在還在我這裡。

Be careful: there’s a common mistake which English learners make here.

小心：這有一個英文學習者 犯的常見錯誤。

It looks like this:

看起來像是這個：

I’ve bought this jacket for three years.

我買這件夾克三年了。

Can you explain why this is wrong?

您能解釋為什麼這是錯的嗎？

It’s wrong because the action of buying the jacket is finished, and in the past.

那是錯的，因為買夾克的行為 結束了，是在過去。

You could say:

您可以說：

I bought this jacket three years ago.

我三年前買這件夾克。

The action of having the jacket is not finished.

我有這件夾克的行為沒有結束。

It started in the past, when you bought it, and it’s still true now, because you still

當您買它時，那開始在過去，行為 到現在還在持續，因為您

have the jacket now.

現在還是有這件夾克。

Again, it’s useful to compare the present perfect and the past simple:

再次，比較現在完成時態和 過去簡單時態是有用的：

I’ve lived here for about a year.

我住在這約一年了。

I still live here now.

我現在仍然住在這。

I lived there for about a year.

我在那裡住了約有一年。

I don’t live there now.

我現在沒住在那裡了。

How long have they been married?

他們結婚多久了？

They’re still married now.

他們的婚姻狀態現在仍然在持續中。

How long were they married?

他們曾結婚多久了？

They’re not married now.

他們的婚姻狀態結束了。

Okay, your turn to practice!

好了，您要練習。

Look at three incomplete sentences:

看三個未完成的句子：

I’ve had … for … I’ve lived in … since …

I’ve had … for … I’ve lived in … since …

I’ve been …

I’ve been …

Your job is to complete these sentences so that they’re true for you.

您的作業是要完成這些句子，這樣 他們是您的真實情形。

Pause the video, think about what you could say, and write down three sentences.

暫停影片，考慮您能說些什麼， 寫下這些句子。

If you aren’t sure, review this section and use the examples you’ve seen to help

如果您不確定，複習本單元並 使用您看過的例子

you.

來幫助您。

How was that?

怎麼樣？

Hopefully easy!

希望很簡單！

Let’s look at one more way you can use the present perfect tense.

我們再多看一種您能運用 的現在完成時態的方法。

What’s wrong with you?

您有問題嗎？

Eurrgh.

呃...

I’ve eaten too many cakes and now I feel terrible.

我吃了太多的蛋糕， 現在感覺恐怖。

How many did you have?

您吃了多少？

I had six or seven.

我吃了六或七份。

That was smart.

那很厲害。

But they were so tasty…

但是他們太好吃了...

Have you lost something?

您有遺失東西嗎？

Yeah, I’ve lost my phone.

是的，我的電話不見了。

I put it down somewhere and now I can’t find it.

我把它放在某個地方， 現在我找不到它了。

When did you last use it?

您最後一次使用它是什麼時候？

I don’t know.

我不知道。

I had it last night, for sure.

我確定昨晚還在。

Can you call me?

您能打電話給我嗎？

Oh no!

噢，不要！

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

貓在沙發上嘔吐了。

Again?

又來了？

That’s the third time this week.

這一周第三次了。

Can you clean it up?

您能把它清理乾淨嗎？

I cleaned it last time!

上次是我清理的！

You can use the present perfect to talk about things in the past if there’s still a result

您可以用現在完成時態來談論 過去的事情，如果現在

in the present.

仍然有一個結果。

For example:

例如：

I’ve eaten too many cakes and now I feel terrible.

我吃太多蛋糕了， 現在感覺有點恐怖。

I ate the cakes in the past, but the result—feeling terrible—is still true now.

我在過去吃蛋糕，但是結果—感覺 恐怖—現在仍然持續。

I’ve lost my phone.

我遺失了我的電話。

I lost my phone sometime in the past, but the result—I can’t find my phone—is

在過去某個時候我遺失了我的電話， 但是結果—我找不到我的

still true now.

電話—現在仍然持續中。

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

貓在沙發上嘔吐了！

The cat was sick on the couch in the past, but the result—the sofa needs cleaning—is

貓在沙發上嘔吐了是在過去，但是 結果—沙發需要清理—

still true now.

現在仍然持續。

You can also see something useful in these dialogues: often, you start a conversation

您也能在這些對話裡看到某些 有用的東西：通常，您用現在完成時態

using the present perfect, and then switch to the past simple.

開啟一個對話，然後 轉換到過去簡單式。

For example: I’ve eaten too many cakes.

例如： 我吃太多蛋糕了。

How many did you have?

您吃了多少？

I’ve lost my phone.

我遺失了我的電話。

When did you last use it?

什麼時候您最後使用它？

This is a very common pattern in English conversations.

這是一個在英文對話裡 常見的結構。

Again, let’s compare the present perfect to the past simple:

再次，我們比較一下現在 完成時態和過去簡單時態：

I’ve lost my phone.

我遺失了我的電話。

I can’t find it now.

我現在找不到它了。

I lost my phone.

我遺失了我的電話。

Maybe I found it again, or maybe I gave up and had to get a new phone.

也許我會再找到它，或許會放棄 並不得不買一個新電話。

This sentence only tells you about the past, so you can’t be sure what happened.

這個句子只告訴您有關過去，所以 您不能確定將來會發生什麼事。

The cat’s been sick on the couch!

貓在沙發上嘔吐了！

The couch needs cleaning, and maybe the cat needs to go to the vet.

沙發需要清理，也許 貓要去看獸醫。

The cat was sick on the couch.

貓在沙發上嘔吐了。

It’s safe to sit on the couch again.

再坐在沙發上是安全的。

Now, you know the most common ways to use the present perfect tense in English.

現在，您知道了運用英文現在完成 時態的最常見方法。

We have a question for you: can you name all the other verb tenses in English?

我們為您準備了一個問題：您能命名 英文裡的其他所有動詞時態嗎？

Which one do you find the most difficult to understand?

您覺得哪一個是 最難理解的？

Let us know in the comments.

請在留言板裡告訴我們。

Want more practice with this topic?

在這個主題上您 想要練習更多嗎？

Check out the quiz on our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

在我們的網站上看一下測驗： Oxford Online English dot com.

There’s a link below the video if you’re watching on YouTube.

如果您在YouTube上看， 在影片下面有一個連接。

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！